Ch. 7 Sec 2 Revolution Brings Reform and Terror I. The Assembly Reforms France

A. The Rights of Man

1. August 4th,1789 the National Assembly made the commoners equal to nobles and clergymen

A. The Rights of Man 3. Three weeks later the Declaration of the Rights of Man and

of the Citizen was developed which gave freedom to all

4. The slogan was “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

B. A State Controlled Church

1. The National Assembly took over the lands and its political independence

2. Church officials now were elected and paid as state officials

3. This upset the peasants because they were devout Catholics and believed the church was separate from the government

C. Louis Tries to Escape

1. Louis the XVI feared for his life and tried to flee the country

2. His family was captured and kept under house arrest

II. Divisions Develop

A. A Limited Monarchy • Louis XVI was forced to sign over most of his power

• Legislative Assembly- This body had the power to create laws and to approve or reject declarations of war but the king still had the power to enforce laws

B. Factions Split France

1. The Legislative Assembly split into 3 groups-Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives

2. Radicals-Opposed the idea of a monarchy and wanted sweeping changes in Gov.

3. Moderates-wanted some changes just not as many as the Radicals

4. Conservatives-desired a limited monarchy and wanted few changes in Gov.

B. Factions Split France

1. Emigres-noble and others who fled France and hoped to undo the Revolution

2. Sans-Culottes-shopkeepers and workers exert their revolutionary power

III. War and Execution

A. France at War 1. France declares war in April 1792 vs. Prussia and Austria who

want the king restored to power

2. 20,000 Citizens mob the royal family at Tuileries and imprison them

A. France at War 3. Chaos ensued, the Legislative Assembly set aside the

Constitution of 1791, abolished the monarchy, & declared France a republic

4. The National Convention took office Sept. of 1792

B. Jacobins Take Control

1. Jacobins- a radical political organization led by Jean-Paul Marat-wanted govt. change

2. Led by Marat the Jacobins wanted death to all who supported the king

3. The National Convention found Louis the XVI guilty of treason & had him beheaded by the guillotine

IV. The Terror Grips France

A. Robespierre Assumes Control 1. A Jacobin leader-Robespierre set out to build a “republic of

virtue” by wiping out the past

2. Changed the calendar; ended Sunday’s so their was no church; religious was outdated

A. Robespierre Assumes Control 3. By July 1793, Robespierre became leader of the Committee

of Public Safety

4. Virtually a dictator whose reign became known as the Reign of Terror

5. It is thought that about 40,000 were put to death