Twenty Questions

Subject: Plants

Twenty Questions

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20

1. What are the major distinctions betweens plants and algae

Apical meristems Multicellular embryos dependent on the

parent plant Alternation of generations Sporangia that produce walled spores Gametangia that produce gametes

2. Summarize the general process of Alternation of Generations

Male and female gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis

Fertilization results in a diploid zygote The zygotes undergoes mitosis and develops

into the diploid sporophyte The sporophyte produces haploid spores by

meiosis A spore develops by mitosis into a gametophyte

3. What are the four major divisions of plants?

Bryophytes; seedless vascular plants; gymnosperms; angiosperms

4. Name and describe two reproductive structures of angisperms.

An angiosperm has its gametophytes in its flowers and its seeds packaged inside fruits

Anther- sac on stamen in which pollen grains develop Carpel- female; consists of a stalk an ovary at the

base and a sticky tip known as the stigma

5. Name three types of plant tissue.

Dermal, Vascular, Ground

6. Name and describe three types of plant cells.

Parenchyma cells- most abundant; throughout plant; perform most metabolism

Collenchyma cells- grouped in cylinders; help support growing parts of plant

Schlerenchyma cells- exist where plant is no longer growing; tough cell walls

7. What are stomata and how do they function?

8. Give three distinguishing characteristics of monocots and dicots.

9. Name the hormone responsible for fruit ripening.

Ethylene

10. Describe the xylem. What is the driving force behind the movement within?

In xylem, it is actually tension (negative pressure) caused by transpiration that drives long-distance transport

11. What is the function of auxin?

12. Why is nitrogen important to the plant? Where does it come from?

13. What is double fertilization?

Two sperm nuclei of a pollen grain unite with nuclei of the embryo sac of an angiosperm

One sperm nucleus unites with the egg to form the triploid, primary endosperm nucleus

The other sperm unites with the two nuclei located in a single cell at the center of the embryo sac.

Double fertilization is unique to angiosperms.

14. What is phototropism and how does it work?

15. Name two adaptations that aid in the uptake of water by roots.

16. Explain the purpose of phloem and how it moves substances.

Sugar transport The phloem transports the organic products

of photosynthesis throughout the plant via translocation

Source to Sink

17. What is the largest organelle in most mature plant cells?

Vacuole

18. What is vascular cambium?

The vascular cambium is a type of meristem in the vascular tissue of plants. The vascular cambium is the source of both the secondary xylem (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem (outwards), and is located between these tissues in the stem and root. A few leaves have a vascular cambium

Found in Dicots and gymnosperms

19. Name adaptations important for terrestrial plants.

Vascular tissue Must protect gametes, zygotes, and embryos

from drying out Produces gametes in gametangium Most release their offspring to the air or rely

on animals

20. Summarize the results of the transpiration lab.