questions of relationship
TRANSCRIPT
Is the problem you are working on focus on Questions of Relationship?
Is the problem you are working on focus on Questions of Relationship?
Questions of relationship focus on how two or more variables co-vary or co-relate with each other.
Or how increases or decreases in one variable are accompanied by increases or decreases in another variable.
Here is an equation to use as a guide
Here is an equation to use as a guide
An Increase or decrease in
Here is an equation to use as a guide
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
Here is an equation to use as a guide
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Here is an equation to use as a guide
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
By variable we mean something that varies or
changes, like temperature, speed, weight, test scores,
etc.
Let’s see an example:
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase.
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase.
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase.
as
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase.
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase.
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase.
TemperatureAn Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase.
TemperatureAn Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase.
TemperatureAn Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Burglaries
Researchers hypothesize that as the temperature increases burglaries increase. Test this hypothesis with the data set provided.
TemperatureAn Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Burglaries
Therefore, this is a question of Relationship
Let’s see what the data might look like for this word problem:
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100
Let’s see what the data might look like for this word problem:
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100
Let’s see what the data might look like for this word problem:
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100
Let’s see what the data might look like for this word problem:
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100
Let’s see what the data might look like for this word problem:
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100
What do we mean when we say that a relationship exists between two variables – in this case – temperature and burglaries?
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100
What we mean is that the two variables vary (increase or decrease) in either the same or opposite directions.
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100
A simple way to illustrate this idea of covary-ing is to see the relative rank of the values of one variable and see if those ranks are similar to the relative rank of the values of the other variable
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100
Let’s begin by rank ordering the average temperature values.
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 This is the highest value so we’ll give it a #1 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
This is the 2nd highest value so we’ll give it a #2 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
This is the 3rd highest value so we’ll give it a #3 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
This is the 4th highest value so we’ll give it a #4 Rank
#3
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
This is the 7th highest value so we’ll give it a #7 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
This is the 5th highest value so we’ll give it a #5 Rank
#7
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
This is the 6th highest value so we’ll give it a #6 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
Now, let’s do the same for the number of burglaries:
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
This is the highest value so we’ll give it a
#1 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
This is the 2nd highest value so we’ll give it a
#2 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
This is the 3rd highest value so we’ll give it a
#3 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
This is the 4th highest value so we’ll give it a
#4 Rank#3
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
This is the 7th highest value so we’ll give it a
#7 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
This is the 5th highest value so we’ll give it a
#5 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
This is the 6th highest value so we’ll give it a
#6 Rank
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
Notice that the relative rank order for temperature and burglaries across each month
is the SAME.
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
The highest rank on one is the highest rank order on the other.
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
The highest rank on one is the highest rank order on the other.
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
The 2nd highest rank on one is the 2nd highest rank order on the other.
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
Ect. Ect. Ect.
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
This is a way of visualizing how an increase in one is accompanied by an increase in another.
What would an increase in one variable and an decrease in another variable look like?
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 10
Feb 40o 25
Mar 20o 5
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 60
Jun 80o 80
Jul 90o 100 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
What would an increase in one variable and an decrease in another variable look like?
#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 100
Feb 40o 80
Mar 20o 60
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 5
Jun 80o 25
Jul 90o 10
What would an increase in one variable and an decrease in another variable look like?
What would an increase in one variable and an decrease in another variable look like?
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 100
Feb 40o 80
Mar 20o 60
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 5
Jun 80o 25
Jul 90o 10#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
Notice that in this case, as temperature increases burglaries decrease.
Month Average Temperature
Number of Burglaries
Jan 30o 100
Feb 40o 80
Mar 20o 60
Apr 60o 40
May 70o 5
Jun 80o 25
Jul 90o 10#1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6 #1
#2
#3
#4
#7
#5
#6
Let’s consider other word problems
An ice cream parlor owner wishes to know the degree to which ice cream sales are related to average monthly temperature.
An ice cream parlor owner wishes to know the degree to which ice cream sales are related to average monthly temperature.
An ice cream parlor owner wishes to know the degree to which ice cream sales are related to average monthly temperature.
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
An ice cream parlor owner wishes to know the degree to which ice cream sales are related to average monthly temperature.
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
An ice cream parlor owner wishes to know the degree to which ice cream sales are related to average monthly temperature.
Ice cream sales
An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
An ice cream parlor owner wishes to know the degree to which ice cream sales are related to average monthly temperature.
Ice cream sales
An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
An ice cream parlor owner wishes to know the degree to which ice cream sales are related to average monthly temperature.
Ice cream sales
An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
An ice cream parlor owner wishes to know the degree to which ice cream sales are related to average monthly temperature.
Ice cream sales
An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Temperature
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
E.g., a jet can fly as slow as 0 mph and as fast as 700 mph. It’s speed can take on any number of values in between 0 and 700 (e.g., 2.8 mph or 345.6 mph )
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
E.g., A person can be as young as zero or as old as 100+
(e.g., 6.32 years or 98.9 years)
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
with variables that can take on limited values like gender, year in school or whether a person has experienced something or not.
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
with variables that can take on limited values like gender, year in school or whether a person has experienced something or not.
E.g., with gender, male can take on a value of 1and female a value of 2.
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
with variables that can take on limited values like gender, year in school or whether a person has experienced something or not.
or
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
with variables that can take on limited values like gender, year in school or whether a person has experienced something or not.
female can take on a value of 1 and male a value of 2.
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
with variables that can take on limited values like gender, year in school or whether a person has experienced something or not.
Year in school can take on a value of 1 for freshmen, 2 for sophomore, 3 for junior
and 4 for senior.
Some word problems will look for a relationship between variables that can take on unlimited values like speed, age, height or weight
with variables that can take on limited values like gender, year in school or whether a person has experienced something or not.
Experience can mean I experienced it = 1 or I did not experience it = 2 (e.g., exposed to gamma
rays or not exposed to gamma rays)
Let’s see an example of this,
Researchers wish to know if there is a relationship between the average freeway driving speed and gender.
In this case the wording of our relationship equation will change from
In this case the wording of our relationship equation will change from
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
In this case the wording of our relationship equation will change from
to
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
In this case the wording of our relationship equation will change from
to
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
Variable 1Higher and
lower scores in
tend to be related to
certain groups in Variable 2
In this case the wording of our relationship equation will change from
to
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
Variable 1Higher and
lower scores in
tend to be related to
certain groups in Variable 2
Because variables like Gender can neither
increase nor decrease
Let’s see how this works in our word problem about gender and freeway speed.
Researchers wish to know if there is a relationship between the average freeway driving speed and gender.
Researchers wish to know if there is a relationship between the average freeway driving speed and gender.
Variable 1Higher and
lower scores in
tend to be related to
certain groups in Variable 2
Researchers wish to know if there is a relationship between the average freeway driving speed and gender.
Variable 1Higher and
lower scores in
tend to be related to
certain groups in Variable 2
Researchers wish to know if there is a relationship between the average freeway driving speed and gender.
Freeway Driving Speed
Higher and lower scores
in
tend to be related to
certain groups in Variable 2
Researchers wish to know if there is a relationship between the average freeway driving speed and gender.
Freeway Driving Speed
Higher and lower scores
in
tend to be related to
certain groups in Variable 2
Researchers wish to know if there is a relationship between the average freeway driving speed and gender.
Freeway Driving Speed
Higher and lower scores
in
tend to be related to
certain groups in Gender
Here is what the data set would look like:
Here is what the data set would look like:
Driver
Mary
Bill
Sarah
Mike
Sally
Charles
Fred
Here is what the data set would look like:
Driver Average FreewaySpeed (mph)
Mary 66
Bill 73
Sarah 56
Mike 82
Sally 62
Charles 78
Fred 91
Here is what the data set would look like:
Driver Average FreewaySpeed (mph)
Gender 1= male
2 = female
Mary 66 2
Bill 73 1
Sarah 56 2
Mike 82 1
Sally 62 2
Charles 78 1
Fred 91 1
Driver Average FreewaySpeed (mph)
Gender 1= male
2 = female
Mary 66 2
Bill 73 1
Sarah 56 2
Mike 82 1
Sally 62 2
Charles 78 1
Fred 91 1
So, are higher speeds associated with one gender
and are lower speeds associated
with the other gender?
Driver Average FreewaySpeed (mph)
Gender 1= male
2 = female
Mary 66 2
Bill 73 1
Sarah 56 2
Mike 82 1
Sally 62 2
Charles 78 1
Fred 91 1
It appears that the number 2s (female) have lower average driving speeds than
Driver Average FreewaySpeed (mph)
Gender 1= male
2 = female
Mary 66 2
Bill 73 1
Sarah 56 2
Mike 82 1
Sally 62 2
Charles 78 1
Fred 91 1
. . . the number 1s (male)
Driver Average FreewaySpeed (mph)
Gender 1= male
2 = female
Mary 66 2
Bill 73 1
Sarah 56 2
Mike 82 1
Sally 62 2
Charles 78 1
Fred 91 1
Notice that this could
sound like a difference question.
Let’s see an example of this:
Difference question:
Difference question: Are women faster freeway drivers than men?
Difference question: Are women faster freeway drivers than men?
Same question expressed as a relationship:
Difference question: Are women faster freeway drivers than men?
Same question expressed as a relationship: Does a relationship exist between freeway speed and gender?
Difference question: Are women faster freeway drivers than men?
Same question expressed as a relationship: Does a relationship exist between freeway speed and gender?
Depending on how the question is asked it will either be a difference or a relationship question.
Some relationship questions focus on how well one or two variables predict another variable.
For example,
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
ACT ScoresAn Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
ACT ScoresAn Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
ACT ScoresAn Increase or decrease in
predict Variable 2
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
ACT ScoresAn Increase or decrease in
predict Variable 2
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
ACT ScoresAn Increase or decrease in
predictWriting Course Grades
To what degree do ACT scores predict college freshmen grades in a introduction to writing course.
ACT ScoresAn Increase or decrease in
predictWriting Course Grades
Prediction Questions are classified as Questions of Relationship
In Summary
Relationship questions ask about the degree to which a change (increase/decrease) in one variable is accompanied by a change (increase/decrease) in another variable.
Relationship questions ask about the degree to which a change (increase/decrease) in one variable is accompanied by a change (increase/decrease) in another variable.
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
is accompanied by an increaseor decrease in
Variable 2
Relationship questions can be between variables that take on unlimited values (e.g, age and weight, or age and weight),
Relationship questions can be between variables that take on unlimited values (e.g, age and weight, or age and weight),
Or between variables with limited values (e.g., gender and year in school)
Relationship questions can be between variables that take on unlimited values (e.g, age and weight, or age and weight),
Or between variables with limited values (e.g., gender and year in school)
Variable 1Higher and
lower scores in
tend to be related to
certain groups in Variable 2
Finally, relationship questions can focus on the degree to which one variable predicts another variable.
Finally, relationship questions can focus on the degree to which one variable predicts another variable.
Variable 1An Increase or decrease in
Predicts Variable 2
Some of the words to look for in your problem to determine if it is a question of relationship are:
Some of the words to look for in your problem to determine if it is a question of relationship are:
• Increase
• Decrease
• Association
• Are associated with
• Relationship
• Relate to
• Predict
• Predictive Power
Some of the words to look for in your problem to determine if it is a question of relationship are:
• Increase
• Decrease
• Association
• Are associated with
• Relationship
• Relate to
• Predict
• Predictive Power
Examine the question or problem you are working on.
Is it a question of relationship?
If so, select RELATIONSHIP