questions describe hamilton’s vision for the us economy. how does it compare to jefferson’s?...
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Questions• Describe Hamilton’s vision for the US
economy. How does it compare to Jefferson’s?
• Discuss Hamilton’s view on whether government power should be at the state or national level. How does this compare to Jefferson’s?
• Discuss Hamilton’s view on regular people. How does it compare with Jefferson’s?
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The New Republic
Jefferson
Vs.
Hamilton
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First Administration under the Constitution
• George Washington is the first President.
• John Adams is the first Vice-Pres.
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Alexander Hamilton is the First Secretary of Treasury
• Born poor in Nevis (island in Caribbean).
• Lawyer from New York.
• Aide to George Washington during the Revolutionary War.
• Becomes leader of the Federalists.
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Thomas Jefferson is the First Secretary of State
• Rich Planter from Virginia.
• Governor of VA during War.
• Author of Dec. of Indep.
• Becomes leader of the Democratic-Republicans. (later just Democrats)
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Ideas on Political Parties
• Political Parties are thought to be bad—everybody is supposed to be concerned about the public good.
• But quickly, disagreements begin to occur between Jefferson and Hamilton.
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What Hamilton is for:
• 1. A very strong national Govt.
• 2. Govt. should aide in the development of manufacturing to create a more diversified economy.
• 3. Distrusts “the people.” Thinks that the rich should decide things.
• 4. Favors England.
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What Jefferson is for:
• Favors “States’ Rights.” Wants a limited Federal Govt.
• Thinks farming is good —manufacturing bad. Wants a country of small, independent farmers.
• Believes that “The People” are good.
• Favors France.
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Hamilton’s Financial Plan
• Wanted to link the wealthy and powerful to the national govt.
• New govt. should take responsibility for existing Revolutionary War debt.– A. National Debt = Certificates (“Funding the Debt”).– B. State Debts = “Assumption.”
• Hamilton’s System would create a permanent national debt (“A blessing, not a curse”).
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Deal with the Opposition
• Madison and Jefferson emerge as leaders of opposition to Hamilton’s plans.
• Strike deal over dinner to get passage of assumption of state debt in exchange for moving federal capital from Philadelphia to the South (How Washington D.C. is created).
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Warm Up• What was the name of the political party that
formed around the ideas of Alexander Hamilton?
• A = federalists.
• What was the name of the party that formed around the ideas of Jefferson?
• A = Democratic-Republicans
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• Who favored the common people?
• A = Jefferson.
• Who wanted a powerful government and factories?
• A = Hamilton
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National Bank
• Hamilton is for the creation of a national Bank.
• Would create national currency and loan $ to start factories.
• Jefferson is opposed—says is unconstitutional and would favor rich.
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Interpretation of Constitution
• Elastic Clause: congress shall “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for carrying out the powers listed in the Constitution.
• A.K.A. The Necessary and Proper Clause.
• Hamilton interprets broadly, means the Federal Govt. can do all kinds of things.
• Jefferson interprets narrowly—wants powers of Federal Govt. to be limited.
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Hamilton Wants New Sources of Income
• Western Land Sales were only previous Nat. govt. direct income.
• Hamilton proposes 2 new taxes.
a. Tax on distillers of alcohol.
b. Tariff on imports.
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The Whiskey Rebellion
• Hamilton gets a new tax passed on distilled liquor.
• This was bad for western farmers who turned their corn to whiskey so they could transport it easier.
• Farmers in Western Pennsylvania would not pay and did violence against the tax collectors.
• Washington and Hamilton led federal troops to put down the rebellion.
• Important because it showed that the National govt. was not weak like under the Articles of Confederation.
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Whiskey Rebellion
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Whiskey Rebellion
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Soon, people begin to support one or the other.
• Those that follow Hamilton are called the Federalists.
• Those that follow Jefferson are called Democratic-Republicans (later they just become Democrats).
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The French Revolution
• Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans support the Revolution.
• Hamilton and the Federalists don’t—they see it as the common people getting out of control.
• Soon, France and England go to War.
• The Democratic-Republicans support France.
• The Federalists support England.
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What happens
• At First, Hamilton is able to get much of his program to become law.
• But Jefferson is elected President in 1800
• Hamilton is killed by Jefferson’s Vice-President—Aaron Burr—in a duel.
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Burr Kills Hamilton
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Hamilton or Jefferson
• Federalist
• Supports France
• Thinks US should stick to farming.
• Doesn’t think “common” people should have much of a say in government.
• First Sec. of Treasury.
• Wants powerful national government.
• Favors a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
• Thought the govt. should encourage manufacturing.
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Key Federalists are:
• George Washington
• John Adams
• John Marshall
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Key Democratic Republicans
• James Madison
• James Monroe
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Quotes—Jefferson of Hamilton
• “We should not be dependant on foreign countries any longer, therefore, we should strive to develop a more diversified economy by developing manufacturing.”
• “The people lack for judgment and thus should have as little to do with the government as possible.”
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Jefferson or Hamilton
• “Those that labor the earth are the chosen people of God”
• “The French Revolution is awful…it is a tyranny of democracy…the people have gone crazy.”
• “The Constitution says nothing of a National Bank and therefore the government does not have the power to create one.”
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Alien and Sedition Acts
• John Adams became President after Washington served 2-terms.
• A lot of people from France (as well as Democratic-Republicans) were trying to get the US to help France and go to war with England.
• Adams and the Federalists passed the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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• Alien Act —Gave the president the power to deport any aliens that he thought were “dangerous to the peace and safety of the US.”
• Sedition Act —Made it a crime to say or print anything bad about the President or the government.
• These laws were so unpopular that Adams lost to Jefferson in 1800.
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Marbury v. Madison
• Federalists try to appoint Federalist judges before Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans take office.
• Adams appoints judges all the way until his last evening as president.
• These last appointed judges are called the “midnight judges.”
• William Marbury is one of these judges.
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Marbury (Cont.)• Marbury’s commission is not delivered.
• When Jefferson becomes Pres. the next day, he appoints James Madison as Sec. of State.
• Madison refuses to deliver Marbury’s appointment.
• Marbury sues Madison.
• Case goes to the Supreme Court where it declares the Judiciary Act that allowed the creation of new judges to be unconsitutional
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• FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM
• Supreme Court
• Courts of Appeals
• District Courts
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John Marshall• Greatest Supreme Court Chief
Justice
• Marshall is a Federalist
• 1803— Marbury V. Madison establishes precedent of judicial review.
• Judicial review means that the Supreme court gets to determine if laws passed by Congress are Constitutional.
• Makes Supreme Court powerful.
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Foreign Policy Legacy
• Washington’s Farewell Address urges against foreign alliances. THE US SHOULD TRY TO STAY NEUTRAL AND MIND ITS OWN BUSSINESS.
• Most energy is expended with westward expansion.
• Isolationism is dominant in regards to foreign affairs.
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The War of 1812• US tires to remain neutral in Napoleonic war between France and
England.
• Both sides capture US ships trying to ship goods to the other country.
• The British begin forcing captured US sailors to serve in their navy (this is called Impressment).
• US Tries and Embargo, but it only hurts the US economy.
• The US finally goes to war against England (War of 1812)
• War ends in 1815 with nothing changed.
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The Hartford Convention
• During the War of 1812, Federalists meet in Harford, Conn.
• They talk of dropping out of the US because they don’t like the war.
• They don’t, but meeting makes them look unpatriotic and after the war, nobody will support them and the party dies.
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Key Terms• Whiskey Rebellion
• Impressment
• Alien Act
• Sedition Act
• Marbury v. Madison
• War of 1812
• John Marshall
• John Adams
• Democratic Republicans
• Federalists
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Review
• Anti-Federalists
• Federalist Papers
• Articles of Confederation
• Bill of Rights
• Virginia Plan
• New Jersey Plan
• Great Compromise
• 3/5 Compromise
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The first Presidents and their Parties/States
• 1788-1796 Washington—Federalist. (VA)
• 1796-1800 J.Adams—Federalist (Mass.)
• 1800-1808 Jefferson—Dem.-Rep.(VA)
• 1808-1816 Madison—Dem.-Rep.(VA)
• 1816-1824 Monroe—Dem.-Rep.(VA)
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