question: these two photos were taken from the same place 63 years apart. how are they alike? how...
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Earth Science Rocks!Warm up October 29
Question: These two photos were taken from the same place 63 years apart. How are they alike? How are they different?
1941 2004
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Opening:
• Streambed DemonstrationHow does water contribute to erosion?How does gravity contribute to erosion?
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Ag Upsala Glacier, South America
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Grinnell Glacier, Montana
• 1935 • 2005
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South Cascade Glacier, Washington
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Earth Science Rocks!
• MYP Unit Question: How does land change?
• Area of Interaction: Environment
• Learner Profile: Caring and Principled
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Earth Science Rocks!
• Standard: Investigate the scientific view of how the Earth’s surface is formed.
• Learning Target: Today I am learning about erosion by ice and wind because I will know how to protect my mountain house or beach house.
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Erosion by Ice
• A glacier is a huge mass of ice and snow that moves over land. It erodes and deposits large amounts of rock material.
• p. 352-356
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How glaciers form
• Glaciers form in very cold areas. The snow piles up year after year.
• Over time, the weight of the snow packs the snow and forms a giant mass of ice.
• Gravity causes them to flow slowly like a “river of ice”
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Glacier ice is the largest reservoir of fresh water on the planet, storing an estimated 75 percent
of the world’s supply
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A glacier can range in length from the equivalent of a football field to more than 100 miles.
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The Antarctic ice sheet is actually a glacier. If it were to melt, sea levels would rise 210
feet
NASA image of Antartica taken from space
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Though it sits on the equator, Mount Kilimanjaro is glaciated
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• A single glacier ice crystal can grow to be as large as a baseball
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Mountain valleys are typically “V” shaped before being taken oven by a glacier; during glaciation, the valley
widens and deepens and becomes “U” shaped.
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Alaska is estimated to have more than 100,000 glaciers. Most remain unnamed.
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Erosion by Wind
• Wind carries and deposits sediment. Deserts, coastlines, and areas with little plant coverage are the most affected by wind erosion.
• p. 350-351
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Sand dunes at the beach
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leeward leewardwindward
Piles of sand deposited by wind - Leeward side has a steeper slope
Sand Dunes
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Sand Dunes in the desert
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Barchan dunes of the Namib Desert
Crescent shaped dunes formed from a unidirectional (one-direction) wind.
Barchan dune east of Gilf Kebir Plateau Saudi Arabia
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Ripple marks are miniature dunes within a dune (not more than 2 inches tall). Formed by cross winds and appear to be traveling in a different direction than the large dune.
Hueco Bolson Desert – Texas
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The Dust Bowl of the 1930s
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Rock formations in the Wadi Desert in Egypt
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Formed when wind and water weather (erode) softer material first. Arches National Canyon, Utah
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Wind carries fine particles that work like a sand blaster (i.e. sand, silt, clay, and ice particles)
Ventifact on Mt. Falconer - Canada
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Formed in arid environments when wind carries finer, more lightweight particles such as sand away. Large particles are left behind and protect from further erosion
Desert pavement
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Yellowish, fine grained silt and clay sized particles formed by glaciers millions of years ago; carried and deposited by wind.
Loess Deposits - Banks, Pennsylvania
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Base of a rock is weathered and eroded more quickly due to sand blasting.
Sand grains can only be picked up a couple of feet.
Pedestal rockAfrica