Question of the DayQuestion of the Day

Think about a team sport and imagine Think about a team sport and imagine two different types of coaches. One two different types of coaches. One coach shouts at the players when the coach shouts at the players when the team loses and threatens to remove team loses and threatens to remove players who make mistakes. The other players who make mistakes. The other coach gives the team pep talks and coach gives the team pep talks and advice when they lose.advice when they lose.

Which team do you think would be more Which team do you think would be more successful? Explain your reasoning.successful? Explain your reasoning.

Ancient ChinaAncient China

A Brief HistoryA Brief History

(1700 B.C.E. – 220 C.E.)(1700 B.C.E. – 220 C.E.)

What is a Dynasty?What is a Dynasty?

A dynasty is a A dynasty is a familyfamily or group or group that rules for several that rules for several generationsgenerations. They might rule . They might rule for a very long time or a relatively for a very long time or a relatively short period.short period.

Shang Dynasty Shang Dynasty

1700 B.C.E. – 1027 1700 B.C.E. – 1027 B.C.E.B.C.E.

FirstFirst Chinese Chinese DynastyDynasty

Believed Believed Ancestors Ancestors lived with the gods lived with the gods and controlled what and controlled what happened in life – happened in life – therefore were very therefore were very respectfulrespectful of and of and courteouscourteous to elders. to elders.

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty

1. Oracle Bones were were used by religious used by religious leaders to answer leaders to answer important questions or important questions or to predict theto predict the future..

2.2. Developed a Developed a system of writing using using characters – the writing characters – the writing allowed the leaders to allowed the leaders to communicate throughout the empire.throughout the empire.

3.3. Developed Developed Bronze metal work – both metal work – both artwork and artwork and weapons and armor. weapons and armor.

Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty

1027 B.C.E. – 221 B.C.E. – 221 B.C.E.B.C.E.

Overthrew the the Shang DynastyShang Dynasty

First ruler to state the First ruler to state the idea of a “idea of a “Mandate from Heaven” – – “god-given” right to “god-given” right to rule and to pass rule rule and to pass rule down within a family.down within a family.

Government broke Government broke down into down into 66 rival rival states by the end of states by the end of the Dynasty – the Dynasty – basically separate basically separate small empires. small empires.

Qin (Qin (ChinChin) Dynasty) Dynasty

221221 B.C.E. – B.C.E. – 206 206 B.C.E.B.C.E. UnitedUnited the area known as China the area known as China

today by today by defeatingdefeating all rival all rival states and implementing a strong states and implementing a strong centralized centralized bureaucracybureaucracy to to protect his rule. protect his rule.

Qin (Chin) DynastyQin (Chin) Dynasty

A bureaucracy is structured like a A bureaucracy is structured like a pyramidpyramid, with a few people at , with a few people at the top and many at the bottom. the top and many at the bottom. At each At each levellevel, people , people directdirect those who are those who are belowbelow them. them.

Leader (The Dragon King) took Leader (The Dragon King) took name ShiHuangDi. (First Emperor name ShiHuangDi. (First Emperor of China)of China)

Qin (Chin) DynastyQin (Chin) Dynasty

Standardized Standardized writing, money, weights & measuresweights & measures, laws, education..

Began building Great Wall of Began building Great Wall of China to protect his empire from China to protect his empire from Mongol Mongol invasioninvasion

Built Built Tomb with life-size clay with life-size clay army (thousands of soldiers, no army (thousands of soldiers, no two faces the same) two faces the same)

Han DynastyHan Dynasty

206206 B.C.E. – 221 C.E. B.C.E. – 221 C.E. Local warrior defeated other leaders Local warrior defeated other leaders

after after ShiHuangDi’sShiHuangDi’s death to take death to take control of the Empire.control of the Empire.

Kept Qin’s administration structure and Kept Qin’s administration structure and standardization, but put local standardization, but put local governorsgovernors with some power in place to with some power in place to oversee different oversee different provincesprovinces (regions) (regions) and returned to and returned to ConfucianConfucian ideals ideals

Han DynastyHan Dynasty

Confucius was a Chinese Confucius was a Chinese philosopherphilosopher who taught that people needed to who taught that people needed to respectrespect the old ways in order for China to the old ways in order for China to maintainmaintain its greatness. Treat its greatness. Treat others how you wanted to be treated.

Started Started public schoolspublic schools for Chinese youth for Chinese youth and built Confucian Universities. and built Confucian Universities.

Mandated (required) educational criteria Mandated (required) educational criteria for for government workersgovernment workers, built the , built the Grand School to train government Grand School to train government workers. workers.

Achievements of the Achievements of the Han DynastyHan Dynasty WarfareWarfare

– Use of Use of Iron Iron for for the first type of the first type of armor and armor and swordsswords

– The use of the The use of the crossbowcrossbow

– The invention The invention of the of the KiteKite

Achievements of the Achievements of the Han DynastyHan Dynasty GovernmentGovernment

– Government officials were now Government officials were now chosen based on their chosen based on their abilityability and and knowledge knowledge not not their their social statussocial status. .

– Men had to pass a long and difficult Men had to pass a long and difficult civil servicecivil service exam. exam.

– They were They were not not allowed to serve in allowed to serve in their home district to prevent them their home district to prevent them from from giving giving special special favorsfavors to to friendsfriends and family. and family.

Achievements of the Achievements of the Han DynastyHan Dynasty AgricultureAgriculture

– TheThe chain chain pump pump – helped move – helped move water water

– Iron plowsIron plows– The The

WheelbarrowWheelbarrow

IndustryIndustry– The production of The production of

SilkSilk (Silk making (Silk making was kept a secret was kept a secret for centuries – for centuries – punishment for punishment for passing on the passing on the secret was death)secret was death)

– The mining of The mining of SaltSalt

Achievements of the Achievements of the Han DynastyHan Dynasty ArtArt

– The invention of The invention of paperpaper– CalligraphyCalligraphy – the art of fine – the art of fine

handwritinghandwriting

Achievements of the Achievements of the Han DynastyHan Dynasty MedicineMedicine

– Ancient Chinese Ancient Chinese believed that believed that illnesses happened illnesses happened when the forces of when the forces of yinyin and and yang yang in the in the body were out of body were out of balancebalance. To balance . To balance they tried:they tried:

AcupunctureAcupuncture Moxibustion – Moxibustion –

setting material on setting material on fire on your skinfire on your skin

– Learned to judge health Learned to judge health by the by the heartbeatheartbeat and and discovered that blood discovered that blood circulatescirculates

– Also discovered an Also discovered an anestheticanesthetic – something – something that takes away the that takes away the feeling of painfeeling of pain

Achievements of the Achievements of the Han DynastyHan Dynasty ScienceScience

– The Chinese under the Han made a The Chinese under the Han made a number of scientific advancesnumber of scientific advances Moon shines because it reflects the light Moon shines because it reflects the light

of the sunof the sun SeismographSeismograph – instrument for – instrument for

detecting earthquakesdetecting earthquakes Compass Compass

Other Chinese Other Chinese InventionsInventions GunpowderGunpowder FireworksFireworks Coin moneyCoin money ObservatoriesObservatories