queensland western australia pre-biotic organic · pdf filevictor harbor bordertown kingston...
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Chromatogram of fluid inclusions of a > 2.7 bn years old hydrothermal quartz boulder (run time from 25 to 55 min)
Analysis of hydrothermal quartz veins from the Archaean Yilgarn craton, impact-
generated quartz veins of the Shoemaker-crater and hydrothermal quartz boulders
from a 2.7 to 3 billon years old conglomerate near Murchison (West Australia).
In one of the samples from the conglomerate, a wide spectrum of organic com-
pounds such as bromomethane, butane, benzene and toluene have been detected.
The time interval between the quartz formation, its erosion and its sedimentation is
unknown.
Possibly, the analyzed quartz sample was formed in a hydrothermal vein long before
any living cells have existed on earth. In this case, the given result would be the first
indication for pre-biotic organic chemistry.
Pre-biotic organic chemistry in hydrothermal quartz veins from the Archaean Yilgarn province, Australia Mayer, C.(1), Schreiber, U.(1), Dyker, G.(2), Kirnbauer, T.(3), Mulder, I.(4), Sattler, T.(4), Schöler, H.(4), and Tubbesing, C.(4)
(1)University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, (2)Ruhr-University Bochum, (3) Technische Fachhochschule „Georg Agricola“, Bochum, (4)University of Heidelberg (all Germany)
EGU General Assembly 2013 | Poster EGU2013-7712 | G11 | BG1.1 Corresponding author: [email protected] Schreiber, Oliver Locker-Grütjen & Christian Mayer (2012): Hypothesis: Origin of Life in Deep-Reaching Tectonic Faults. Orig Life Evol Biosph. DOI 10.1007/s11084-012-9267-4
Hypothetical model for the origin of life in early continental crust (Schreiber et al. 2012)
From upper mantle, ascending of: scCO2, scH2O, scN2?, Traces of H2, CH4, NH3
Noble gases: He, Rn, Ne etc.; dissolved: Me1+, Me2+, Actinides, SO2/H2S, Halogenides, Boron compounds
Me2+
Me3+ (REE)
water column, 2 kbar (if opencompletely)
Apatite in dissolution (Ca2+,PO4
4-)
gabbroide rock in dissolution
Formation of quartz and ore dykes;
siliceous-, mineral-,metallic surfaces
reaction environments in cavities or micro cracks
(nm – cm)
H2O
scH2O
scCO2
Ori
gin
of
pre
bio
tic m
ole
cule
s
Drawn by G. Berberich, 2013
CO2
H2O undersaturated by CO2
scH2O/H2O Transition zonedepending on geothermal gradient and caused by
earth tides, earthquakes etc.
Ass
umed
cru
stal
thi
ckne
ss o
f p
roto
-co
ntin
ent
Tem
per
atur
e g
rad
ient
may
be
vari
able
1 km
5 km
10 km
20 km
H2O saturated by CO2
3. Ascending of CO2 bubbles inCO2-undersaturated H2O
2. Condensation of prebiotic molecules and chain-linking
1. Enrichment of molecules
7. High concentration of prebiotic molecules in nanopores
6. Enrichment of prebiotic molecules on top of the water column
5. Release of prebiotic molecules 4. Burst of bubbles into small frag-
ments which accumulate at the water surface
3. Bubbles reaching water-gas inter-face
2. Bubbles partially stabilized by single layer lipid membrane
1. Slowly expanding bubbles
Transition zone
CO2
scCO2
Transition zone
4. Micro bubbles remain intact and might serve as micro-compartments for enriched prebiotic molecules
3. Finalising of single-layer lipid membrane
2. Shrinking of bubbles 1. Diffusion of CO2 � H2O
3. Ascending of CO2 bubbles inCO2-saturated H2O
2. Condensation of prebiotic mole-cules and chain-linking
1. Enrichment of molecules
scC
O2/
CO
2 Tr
ans.
zo
ne
Lipids
prebiotioc molecules
scCO2
>2.7 Billion years old conglomerate near Murchison
L Woods
L Amadeus
L Macleod
L Mackay
L Auld
L Disappointment
L Carnegie
L Wells
L Carey
L Rebecca
L Dundas
L Cowan
L Moore
L Barlee
L Austin
L Maurice(Carle-Thulka)
L FromeL Torrens
L Eyre South
L Gairdner
L Everard
L Blanche
L Eyre North
L Pedder
L Dalrymple
L Alexandrina
L Argyle
R
Dar
ling
River
LachlanR
Bogan
R
Macq
uarie
R
Gwydir R
Dry
sdale
R
Fitzroy
Riv
er
Vic
tori
aR
Roper R
Go
yde
rR
R
McA
rthur
R
Nicholson
Warr
eg
o
Riv
er
Neb
ine
Ck
Moonie R
Mara
noa
R
Daw
son
R
Be
lyand
oR
Burdekin
R
Holroyd R
Gilbert
Leic
hh
ard
tR
Flin
ders
River
NormanR
Par
oo
R
Thom
son
R
Bullo
oR
iver
Dia
man
tina
River
Georg
ina
RSan
dove
r
R
Finke
Cooper
Ck
War
burto
n
R
Macumba
R
DeR
Fortescue R
Ashburton
River
Gascoyne R
Murc
his
on
R
Grey
River
Murray
R
Murrumbidgee
MitchellR
DalyRiver
Ord R
R
GR
EAT
DIV
IDIN
G
RA
NG
E
GR
EA
T
RAN
GE
MACDONNELL
PETERMANN
RANGES
HAMERSLEY RANGE
KINGLEOPOLD
RANGES
FLIN
DE
RS
RA
NG
ES
RA
DIV
IDIN
G
Mt Meharry1253
Mt Squires704
Mt Ord947
Mt Remarkable751
Mt Evelyn366
Mt Zeil1531
Mt Woodroffe1435
St Mary Peak1168
Mt Kosciuszko2229
Ulu u-Ayers Rock863
r
Mt Buller1805
Round Mtn1586
Consuelo Peak1174
Mt Dalrymple1300
Bartle Frere1622
Mt Ossa1617
T A N A M I D E S E R T
S I M P S O N D E S E R T
G R E A T V I C T O R I A D E S E R T
G I B S O N D E S E R T
G R E A T S A N D Y D E S E R T
L I T T L E S A N D Y D E S E R T
S T R Z E L E C K I
D E S E R T
A R N H E M L A N D
N U L L A R B O R P L A I N
K I M B E R L E Y
P I L B A R A
C A P E
Y O R K
P E N I N S U L A
G U L F C O U N T R Y
B A R K L Y
T A B L E L A N D
CH
AN
NE
L
CO
UN
TR
Y
V I C T O R I A
T A S M A N I A
A C T
N E W S O U T H W A L E S
Q U E E N S L A N D
N O R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y
W E S T E R N A U S T R A L I A
S O U T H A U S T R A L I A
Warrior Reefs
Osprey Reef
Willis Group
Lihou Reefs
Flinders Reefs
Marion Reef
Saumarez Reef
GR
EA
T
BA
RR
IER
REEF
Ashmore Reef
Scott Reef
Rowley Shoals
Flinders IKing I
Cape Barren I
Bruny I
Lord Howe I
Kangaroo I
Fraser I
Curtis I
Hinchinbrook I
Prince of Wales I
Moa I
Mornington I
Vanderlin I
Groote Eylandt
Wessel IsCroker IMelville I
Bathurst I
Augustus I
Barrow I
Dirk Hartog I
Bigge I
TORRES STRA IT
GULF
OF
CARPENTAR IA
Halifax Bay
BroadSound
Repulse Bay
BAS S STRA IT
GREAT AUSTRAL IAN B IGHT
Spen
cer G
ulf
JosephBonaparte
Gulf
Shark Bay
CollierBay
Blue Mud Bay
Van DiemenGulf
TASMAN SEA
CORAL SEA
SOLOMON SEA
ARAFURA SEA
T IMOR S EA
S O U T H P A C I F I C O C E A N
I N D I A N O C E A N
I N D I A N O C E A N
S O U T H E R N O C E A N
S O U T H P A C I F I C O C E A N
P A P U A N E W
G U I N E A
I N D O N E S I AS O L O M O N
I S L A N D S
EAST TIMOR
MADURA
NEW GEORGIA
ISLANDS
LOMBOKJAVA
BALI
SUMBASUMBAWA
FLORES
TIMOR
TANIMBARWETAR
ALOR
D'ENTRECASTEAUXISLANDS
Yulara
Hermannsburg
Papunya
Narrogin
Lancelin
Telfer
Newman
Port Hedland
Paraburdoo
OnslowPannawonica
Karratha Roebourne
Exmouth
Carnarvon
DenhamMeekatharra
Wiluna
Warburton
Leinster
Laverton
Leonora
Mount Magnet
BalladoniaNorseman
Esperance
Kambalda
Northampton
MorawaDongara
Moora
Dalwallinu
Wongan Hills
MerredinKellerberrinNortham
York
Corrigin
Southern Cross
Pingelly
CollieLake Grace
KatanningBusselton
Margaret River
DenmarkMount Barker
Manjimup
Kojonup
Ravensthorpe
Jerramungup
Tom Price
Yarrie
Daly River
Yuendumu
Tennant Creek
Elliott
Kalkarindji(Wave Hill)
Lajamanu
Borroloola
Katherine Barunga (Bamyili)
Ngukurr
Numbulwar
AlyangulaPine Creek
Batchelor
Jabiru
OenpelliNguiu
NhulunbuyGaliwinku
Maningrida
Oodnadatta
Innamincka
Port Douglas
Bamaga
WeipaLockhart River
KowanyamaCooktown
NormantonDoomadgee
Georgetown
Mareeba
Innisfail
Greenvale
Ingham
Ayr
BowenCharters Towers
Hughenden Collinsville
Cloncurry
BouliaWinton
Longreach
Barcaldine Emerald
Clermont
Moranbah
Blackall
Tambo
Springsure
Windorah
Proserpine
DysartMiddlemount
Blackwater
Woorabinda
Biloela
Kalumburu
Wyndham
Kununurra
Halls CreekFitzroy Crossing
Derby
Broome
Lombadina
Birdsville
Thursday Island
BalranaldHay
Ivanhoe
GawlerNuriootpa
Murray Bridge
Victor Harbor
Bordertown
Kingston SE
Naracoorte
Millicent
Ouyen
Swan Hill
Horsham
Hamilton
Portland
Ararat
Smithton
Queenstown
Wilcannia
White Cliffs
Andamooka
Coober Pedy
Tarcoola
Woomera
Marree
Leigh Creek
Ceduna
Streaky BayWudinna
Tumby Bay
Port Lincoln
Kingscote
Cleve
Port Augusta
Hawker
Peterborough
Port Pirie
ClareKadinaRenmark
CharlevilleQuilpie
Thargomindah
Cunnamulla
Broken Hill
Deniliquin Tumut
Bega
CoomaNarooma
Batemans BayUlladulla
Gilgandra
CowraYoung
GriffithWest Wyalong
Narrandera
Katoomba
Bairnsdale
BenallaWangaratta
Echuca
SaleMoe
Wonthaggi
Kingston
UlverstoneGeorge Town
Bridgewater
Burnie
St Marys
Bowral
Cobar
Nyngan
Bourke Brewarrina
Lightning RidgeCollarenebri
Walgett
Moree
Narrabri
Gunnedah
MudgeeParkes
Singleton
SconeTaree
Kempsey
Yamba
BallinaTenterfield
Glen Innes
GraftonInverell
St GeorgeDirranbandi Goondiwindi
SuratTara
RomaMiles
TaroomGayndah
Gympie
Kingaroy
Dalby
Gatton
Beaudesert
Warwick
Monto
Mount Isa
Armidale
Bunbury
RockinghamMandurah
Kalgoorlie-Boulder
Geraldton
LauncestonDevonport
Whyalla
Mount Gambier
Bendigo
Melton
Mildura
Shepparton
Ballarat
Warrnambool
Alice Springs
Darwin
Wagga Wagga
Dubbo
BathurstOrange Maitland
Tamworth
Goulburn
Albury–Wodonga
NowraQueanbeyan
Port Macquarie
Coffs Harbour
Tweed Heads
Lismore
Cairns
Mackay
Rockhampton
Gladstone
Bundaberg
Maryborough
Hervey Bay
Toowoomba
Sunbury
Albany
Palmerston
Traralgon
CANBERRA
WOLLONGONG
CENTRAL COAST
NEWCASTLE
GEELONG
HOBART
GOLD COAST
TOWNSVILLE
SUNSHINE COAST
MELBOURNE
ADELAIDESYDNEY
BRISBANE
PERTH
Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn
Simple Conic Projection with Standard Parallels 18°S and 36°S
500 kilometres100 0 100 200 300 400
AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA
HYPSOMETRIC TINTS BATHYMETRIC TINTS
Heights and depths are shown in metres
2000 1500 1000 500 200 0 200
EDITION 3
Population figures based on
2006 Census data
Populated places
1 000 000 or greater
100 000 - 999 999
20 000 - 99 999
Less than 20 000
State boundary
Reef
Spot elevation
Lake, non-perennial
Lake, perennial
River, non-perennial
River, perennial
1435Road, principal sealed
Road, principal unsealed
Road, secondary sealed
Road, secondary unsealed
Road, minor sealed
Road, minor unsealed
Operational railways
AUSTRALIA FOLIO MAPProduced by the National Geographic Information GroupGeoscience Australia, GEOCAT 73102www.ga.gov.au
© Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2011This material is released under the Creative CommonsAttribution 3.0 Australia Licence
9 314231 000687
Murchinson
Jack HillsN‘ Jack Hills
Shoemaker Crater
L Woods
L Amadeus
L Macleod
L Mackay
L Auld
L Disappointment
L Carnegie
L Wells
L Carey
L Rebecca
L Dundas
L Cowan
L Moore
L Barlee
L Austin
L Maurice(Carle-Thulka)
L FromeL Torrens
L Eyre South
L Gairdner
L Everard
L Blanche
L Eyre North
L Pedder
L Dalrymple
L Alexandrina
L Argyle
R
Dar
ling
River
LachlanR
Bogan
R
Macq
uarie
R
Gwydir R
Dry
sdale
R
Fitzroy
Riv
er
Vic
tori
aR
Roper R
Go
yde
rR
R
McA
rthur
R
Nicholson
Warr
eg
o
Riv
er
Neb
ine
Ck
Moonie R
Mara
noa
R
Daw
son
R
Be
lyand
oR
Burdekin
R
Holroyd R
Gilbert
Leic
hh
ard
tR
Flin
ders
River
NormanR
Par
oo
R
Thom
son
R
Bullo
oR
iver
Dia
man
tina
River
Georg
ina
RSan
dove
r
R
Finke
Cooper
Ck
War
burto
n
R
Macumba
R
DeR
Fortescue R
Ashburton
River
Gascoyne R
Murc
his
on
R
Grey
River
Murray
R
Murrumbidgee
MitchellR
DalyRiver
Ord R
R
GR
EAT
DIV
IDIN
G
RA
NG
E
GR
EA
T
RAN
GE
MACDONNELL
PETERMANN
RANGES
HAMERSLEY RANGE
KINGLEOPOLD
RANGES
FLIN
DE
RS
RA
NG
ES
RA
DIV
IDIN
G
Mt Meharry1253
Mt Squires704
Mt Ord947
Mt Remarkable751
Mt Evelyn366
Mt Zeil1531
Mt Woodroffe1435
St Mary Peak1168
Mt Kosciuszko2229
Ulu u-Ayers Rock863
r
Mt Buller1805
Round Mtn1586
Consuelo Peak1174
Mt Dalrymple1300
Bartle Frere1622
Mt Ossa1617
T A N A M I D E S E R T
S I M P S O N D E S E R T
G R E A T V I C T O R I A D E S E R T
G I B S O N D E S E R T
G R E A T S A N D Y D E S E R T
L I T T L E S A N D Y D E S E R T
S T R Z E L E C K I
D E S E R T
A R N H E M L A N D
N U L L A R B O R P L A I N
K I M B E R L E Y
P I L B A R A
C A P E
Y O R K
P E N I N S U L A
G U L F C O U N T R Y
B A R K L Y
T A B L E L A N D
CH
AN
NE
L
CO
UN
TR
Y
V I C T O R I A
T A S M A N I A
A C T
N E W S O U T H W A L E S
Q U E E N S L A N D
N O R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y
W E S T E R N A U S T R A L I A
S O U T H A U S T R A L I A
Warrior Reefs
Osprey Reef
Willis Group
Lihou Reefs
Flinders Reefs
Marion Reef
Saumarez Reef
GR
EA
T
BA
RR
IER
REEF
Ashmore Reef
Scott Reef
Rowley Shoals
Flinders IKing I
Cape Barren I
Bruny I
Lord Howe I
Kangaroo I
Fraser I
Curtis I
Hinchinbrook I
Prince of Wales I
Moa I
Mornington I
Vanderlin I
Groote Eylandt
Wessel IsCroker IMelville I
Bathurst I
Augustus I
Barrow I
Dirk Hartog I
Bigge I
TORRES STRA IT
GU LF
OF
C A RPENTA R IA
Halifax Bay
BroadSound
Repulse Bay
BAS S STRA IT
GREAT AUSTRAL IAN B IGHT
Spen
cer G
ulf
JosephBonaparte
Gulf
Shark Bay
CollierBay
Blue Mud Bay
Van DiemenGulf
TASMAN SEA
CORAL SEA
SOLOMON SEA
A RA FURA SEA
T IMOR SEA
S O U T H P A C I F I C O C E A N
I N D I A N O C E A N
I N D I A N O C E A N
S O U T H E R N O C E A N
S O U T H P A C I F I C O C E A N
P A P U A N E W
G U I N E A
I N D O N E S I AS O L O M O N
I S L A N D S
EAST TIMOR
MADURA
NEW GEORGIA
ISLANDS
LOMBOKJAVA
BALI
SUMBASUMBAWA
FLORES
TIMOR
TANIMBARWETAR
ALOR
D'ENTRECASTEAUXISLANDS
Yulara
Hermannsburg
Papunya
Narrogin
Lancelin
Telfer
Newman
Port Hedland
Paraburdoo
OnslowPannawonica
Karratha Roebourne
Exmouth
Carnarvon
DenhamMeekatharra
Wiluna
Warburton
Leinster
Laverton
Leonora
Mount Magnet
BalladoniaNorseman
Esperance
Kambalda
Northampton
MorawaDongara
Moora
Dalwallinu
Wongan Hills
MerredinKellerberrinNortham
York
Corrigin
Southern Cross
Pingelly
CollieLake Grace
KatanningBusselton
Margaret River
DenmarkMount Barker
Manjimup
Kojonup
Ravensthorpe
Jerramungup
Tom Price
Yarrie
Daly River
Yuendumu
Tennant Creek
Elliott
Kalkarindji(Wave Hill)
Lajamanu
Borroloola
Katherine Barunga (Bamyili)
Ngukurr
Numbulwar
AlyangulaPine Creek
Batchelor
Jabiru
OenpelliNguiu
NhulunbuyGaliwinku
Maningrida
Oodnadatta
Innamincka
Port Douglas
Bamaga
WeipaLockhart River
KowanyamaCooktown
NormantonDoomadgee
Georgetown
Mareeba
Innisfail
Greenvale
Ingham
Ayr
BowenCharters Towers
Hughenden Collinsville
Cloncurry
BouliaWinton
Longreach
Barcaldine Emerald
Clermont
Moranbah
Blackall
Tambo
Springsure
Windorah
Proserpine
DysartMiddlemount
Blackwater
Woorabinda
Biloela
Kalumburu
Wyndham
Kununurra
Halls CreekFitzroy Crossing
Derby
Broome
Lombadina
Birdsville
Thursday Island
BalranaldHay
Ivanhoe
GawlerNuriootpa
Murray Bridge
Victor Harbor
Bordertown
Kingston SE
Naracoorte
Millicent
Ouyen
Swan Hill
Horsham
Hamilton
Portland
Ararat
Smithton
Queenstown
Wilcannia
White Cliffs
Andamooka
Coober Pedy
Tarcoola
Woomera
Marree
Leigh Creek
Ceduna
Streaky BayWudinna
Tumby Bay
Port Lincoln
Kingscote
Cleve
Port Augusta
Hawker
Peterborough
Port Pirie
ClareKadinaRenmark
CharlevilleQuilpie
Thargomindah
Cunnamulla
Broken Hill
Deniliquin Tumut
Bega
CoomaNarooma
Batemans BayUlladulla
Gilgandra
CowraYoung
GriffithWest Wyalong
Narrandera
Katoomba
Bairnsdale
BenallaWangaratta
Echuca
SaleMoe
Wonthaggi
Kingston
UlverstoneGeorge Town
Bridgewater
Burnie
St Marys
Bowral
Cobar
Nyngan
Bourke Brewarrina
Lightning RidgeCollarenebri
Walgett
Moree
Narrabri
Gunnedah
MudgeeParkes
Singleton
SconeTaree
Kempsey
Yamba
BallinaTenterfield
Glen Innes
GraftonInverell
St GeorgeDirranbandi Goondiwindi
SuratTara
RomaMiles
TaroomGayndah
Gympie
Kingaroy
Dalby
Gatton
Beaudesert
Warwick
Monto
Mount Isa
Armidale
Bunbury
RockinghamMandurah
Kalgoorlie-Boulder
Geraldton
LauncestonDevonport
Whyalla
Mount Gambier
Bendigo
Melton
Mildura
Shepparton
Ballarat
Warrnambool
Alice Springs
Darwin
Wagga Wagga
Dubbo
BathurstOrange Maitland
Tamworth
Goulburn
Albury–Wodonga
NowraQueanbeyan
Port Macquarie
Coffs Harbour
Tweed Heads
Lismore
Cairns
Mackay
Rockhampton
Gladstone
Bundaberg
Maryborough
Hervey Bay
Toowoomba
Sunbury
Albany
Palmerston
Traralgon
CANBERRA
WOLLONGONG
CENTRAL COAST
NEWCASTLE
GEELONG
HOBART
GOLD COAST
TOWNSVILLE
SUNSHINE COAST
MELBOURNE
ADELAIDESYDNEY
BRISBANE
PERTH
Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn
Simple Conic Projection with Standard Parallels 18°S and 36°S
500 kilometres100 0 100 200 300 400
AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA
HYPSOMETRIC TINTS BATHYMETRIC TINTS
Heights and depths are shown in metres
2000 1500 1000 500 200 0 200
EDITION 3
Population figures based on
2006 Census data
Populated places
1 000 000 or greater
100 000 - 999 999
20 000 - 99 999
Less than 20 000
State boundary
Reef
Spot elevation
Lake, non-perennial
Lake, perennial
River, non-perennial
River, perennial
1435Road, principal sealed
Road, principal unsealed
Road, secondary sealed
Road, secondary unsealed
Road, minor sealed
Road, minor unsealed
Operational railways
AUSTRALIA FOLIO MAPProduced by the National Geographic Information GroupGeoscience Australia, GEOCAT 73102www.ga.gov.au
© Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2011This material is released under the Creative CommonsAttribution 3.0 Australia Licence
9 314231 000687
L Woods
L Amadeus
L Macleod
L Mackay
L Auld
L Disappointment
L Carnegie
L Wells
L Carey
L Rebecca
L Dundas
L Cowan
L Moore
L Barlee
L Austin
L Maurice(Carle-Thulka)
L FromeL Torrens
L Eyre South
L Gairdner
L Everard
L Blanche
L Eyre North
L Pedder
L Dalrymple
L Alexandrina
L Argyle
R
Dar
ling
River
LachlanR
Bogan
R
Macq
uarie
R
Gwydir R
Dry
sdale
R
Fitzroy
Riv
er
Vic
tori
aR
Roper R
Go
yde
rR
R
McA
rthur
R
Nicholson
Warr
eg
o
Riv
er
Neb
ine
Ck
Moonie R
Mara
noa
R
Daw
son
R
Be
lyand
oR
Burdekin
R
Holroyd R
Gilbert
Leic
hh
ard
tR
Flin
ders
River
NormanR
Par
oo
R
Thom
son
R
Bullo
oR
iver
Dia
man
tina
River
Georg
ina
RSan
dove
r
R
Finke
Cooper
Ck
War
burto
n
R
Macumba
R
DeR
Fortescue R
Ashburton
River
Gascoyne R
Murc
his
on
R
Grey
River
Murray
R
Murrumbidgee
MitchellR
DalyRiver
Ord R
R
GR
EAT
DIV
IDIN
G
RA
NG
E
GR
EA
T
RAN
GE
MACDONNELL
PETERMANN
RANGES
HAMERSLEY RANGE
KINGLEOPOLD
RANGES
FLIN
DE
RS
RA
NG
ES
RA
DIV
IDIN
G
Mt Meharry1253
Mt Squires704
Mt Ord947
Mt Remarkable751
Mt Evelyn366
Mt Zeil1531
Mt Woodroffe1435
St Mary Peak1168
Mt Kosciuszko2229
Ulu u-Ayers Rock863
r
Mt Buller1805
Round Mtn1586
Consuelo Peak1174
Mt Dalrymple1300
Bartle Frere1622
Mt Ossa1617
T A N A M I D E S E R T
S I M P S O N D E S E R T
G R E A T V I C T O R I A D E S E R T
G I B S O N D E S E R T
G R E A T S A N D Y D E S E R T
L I T T L E S A N D Y D E S E R T
S T R Z E L E C K I
D E S E R T
A R N H E M L A N D
N U L L A R B O R P L A I N
K I M B E R L E Y
P I L B A R A
C A P E
Y O R K
P E N I N S U L A
G U L F C O U N T R Y
B A R K L Y
T A B L E L A N D
CH
AN
NE
L
CO
UN
TR
Y
V I C T O R I A
T A S M A N I A
A C T
N E W S O U T H W A L E S
Q U E E N S L A N D
N O R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y
W E S T E R N A U S T R A L I A
S O U T H A U S T R A L I A
Warrior Reefs
Osprey Reef
Willis Group
Lihou Reefs
Flinders Reefs
Marion Reef
Saumarez Reef
GR
EA
T
BA
RR
IER
REEF
Ashmore Reef
Scott Reef
Rowley Shoals
Flinders IKing I
Cape Barren I
Bruny I
Lord Howe I
Kangaroo I
Fraser I
Curtis I
Hinchinbrook I
Prince of Wales I
Moa I
Mornington I
Vanderlin I
Groote Eylandt
Wessel IsCroker IMelville I
Bathurst I
Augustus I
Barrow I
Dirk Hartog I
Bigge I
TORRES STRA IT
GULF
OF
CARPENTAR IA
Halifax Bay
BroadSound
Repulse Bay
BAS S STRA IT
GREAT AUSTRAL IAN B IGHT
Spen
cer G
ulf
JosephBonaparte
Gulf
Shark Bay
CollierBay
Blue Mud Bay
Van DiemenGulf
TASMAN SEA
CORAL SEA
SOLOMON SEA
ARAFURA SEA
T IMOR SEA
S O U T H P A C I F I C O C E A N
I N D I A N O C E A N
I N D I A N O C E A N
S O U T H E R N O C E A N
S O U T H P A C I F I C O C E A N
P A P U A N E W
G U I N E A
I N D O N E S I AS O L O M O N
I S L A N D S
EAST TIMOR
MADURA
NEW GEORGIA
ISLANDS
LOMBOKJAVA
BALI
SUMBASUMBAWA
FLORES
TIMOR
TANIMBARWETAR
ALOR
D'ENTRECASTEAUXISLANDS
Yulara
Hermannsburg
Papunya
Narrogin
Lancelin
Telfer
Newman
Port Hedland
Paraburdoo
OnslowPannawonica
Karratha Roebourne
Exmouth
Carnarvon
DenhamMeekatharra
Wiluna
Warburton
Leinster
Laverton
Leonora
Mount Magnet
BalladoniaNorseman
Esperance
Kambalda
Northampton
MorawaDongara
Moora
Dalwallinu
Wongan Hills
MerredinKellerberrinNortham
York
Corrigin
Southern Cross
Pingelly
CollieLake Grace
KatanningBusselton
Margaret River
DenmarkMount Barker
Manjimup
Kojonup
Ravensthorpe
Jerramungup
Tom Price
Yarrie
Daly River
Yuendumu
Tennant Creek
Elliott
Kalkarindji(Wave Hill)
Lajamanu
Borroloola
Katherine Barunga (Bamyili)
Ngukurr
Numbulwar
AlyangulaPine Creek
Batchelor
Jabiru
OenpelliNguiu
NhulunbuyGaliwinku
Maningrida
Oodnadatta
Innamincka
Port Douglas
Bamaga
WeipaLockhart River
KowanyamaCooktown
NormantonDoomadgee
Georgetown
Mareeba
Innisfail
Greenvale
Ingham
Ayr
BowenCharters Towers
Hughenden Collinsville
Cloncurry
BouliaWinton
Longreach
Barcaldine Emerald
Clermont
Moranbah
Blackall
Tambo
Springsure
Windorah
Proserpine
DysartMiddlemount
Blackwater
Woorabinda
Biloela
Kalumburu
Wyndham
Kununurra
Halls CreekFitzroy Crossing
Derby
Broome
Lombadina
Birdsville
Thursday Island
BalranaldHay
Ivanhoe
GawlerNuriootpa
Murray Bridge
Victor Harbor
Bordertown
Kingston SE
Naracoorte
Millicent
Ouyen
Swan Hill
Horsham
Hamilton
Portland
Ararat
Smithton
Queenstown
Wilcannia
White Cliffs
Andamooka
Coober Pedy
Tarcoola
Woomera
Marree
Leigh Creek
Ceduna
Streaky BayWudinna
Tumby Bay
Port Lincoln
Kingscote
Cleve
Port Augusta
Hawker
Peterborough
Port Pirie
ClareKadinaRenmark
CharlevilleQuilpie
Thargomindah
Cunnamulla
Broken Hill
Deniliquin Tumut
Bega
CoomaNarooma
Batemans BayUlladulla
Gilgandra
CowraYoung
GriffithWest Wyalong
Narrandera
Katoomba
Bairnsdale
BenallaWangaratta
Echuca
SaleMoe
Wonthaggi
Kingston
UlverstoneGeorge Town
Bridgewater
Burnie
St Marys
Bowral
Cobar
Nyngan
Bourke Brewarrina
Lightning RidgeCollarenebri
Walgett
Moree
Narrabri
Gunnedah
MudgeeParkes
Singleton
SconeTaree
Kempsey
Yamba
BallinaTenterfield
Glen Innes
GraftonInverell
St GeorgeDirranbandi Goondiwindi
SuratTara
RomaMiles
TaroomGayndah
Gympie
Kingaroy
Dalby
Gatton
Beaudesert
Warwick
Monto
Mount Isa
Armidale
Bunbury
RockinghamMandurah
Kalgoorlie-Boulder
Geraldton
LauncestonDevonport
Whyalla
Mount Gambier
Bendigo
Melton
Mildura
Shepparton
Ballarat
Warrnambool
Alice Springs
Darwin
Wagga Wagga
Dubbo
BathurstOrange Maitland
Tamworth
Goulburn
Albury–Wodonga
NowraQueanbeyan
Port Macquarie
Coffs Harbour
Tweed Heads
Lismore
Cairns
Mackay
Rockhampton
Gladstone
Bundaberg
Maryborough
Hervey Bay
Toowoomba
Sunbury
Albany
Palmerston
Traralgon
CANBERRA
WOLLONGONG
CENTRAL COAST
NEWCASTLE
GEELONG
HOBART
GOLD COAST
TOWNSVILLE
SUNSHINE COAST
MELBOURNE
ADELAIDESYDNEY
BRISBANE
PERTH
Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn
Simple Conic Projection with Standard Parallels 18°S and 36°S
500 kilometres100 0 100 200 300 400
AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA
HYPSOMETRIC TINTS BATHYMETRIC TINTS
Heights and depths are shown in metres
2000 1500 1000 500 200 0 200
EDITION 3
Population figures based on
2006 Census data
Populated places
1 000 000 or greater
100 000 - 999 999
20 000 - 99 999
Less than 20 000
State boundary
Reef
Spot elevation
Lake, non-perennial
Lake, perennial
River, non-perennial
River, perennial
1435Road, principal sealed
Road, principal unsealed
Road, secondary sealed
Road, secondary unsealed
Road, minor sealed
Road, minor unsealed
Operational railways
AUSTRALIA FOLIO MAPProduced by the National Geographic Information GroupGeoscience Australia, GEOCAT 73102www.ga.gov.au
© Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2011This material is released under the Creative CommonsAttribution 3.0 Australia Licence
9 314231 000687
Australian crustal elements
Archaean
Paleo- proterozoic
Shoemaker Crater
© T. Kirnbauer
Geological map of the Shoemaker crater
FID-Analysis of a fluid inclusion of a hydrothermal quartz (Shoemaker Crater)
Landsat image of the Shoemaker crater
© T. Kirnbauer
COS
Methyl-chloride
Iso-Butylene + Butylene
1,3-Butadiene
cis-Butylene
trans-Butylene
Methylbromide
Pentene Furane
Isoprene
Methyliodide
CS2
0 10 km
Methane
Ethane
Propane Propene Acetylene Butene
Chromatogram of fluid inclusions of a > 2.7 bn years old hydrothermal quartz boulder (run time from 12.75 to 25 min)
Sampling locations
Chromatograms of fluid inclusions of different hydrothermal quartz samples
EthyliodideBenzene
p-Xylene
m-Xylene
o-Xylene+Styrene
Toluene