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Qubits Steve Reinhardt Director of Software Tools D-Wave Systems qOp Tools Directions

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Page 1: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

Qubits

SteveReinhardtDirectorofSoftwareToolsD-WaveSystems

qOp ToolsDirections

Page 2: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

TheqOp goalsaretoestablishkeyabstractionsthatarevaluableforapplicationsandhigher-leveltoolsandeffectivelyexecutethemon

D-Wavesystems.

Page 3: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

qOp Tools

• Initiallydevelopedasprototypestospuruserengagement• qbsolv:HybridpartitioningoptimizationtoolsolvesavirtualQUBO*• ToQ:Constraint-satisfactionlanguageandsolver• dw:Command-lineinterfacetoSAPI• qsage:Optimizationsolversolvesaninputobjectivefunction• QuantumApprentice(QuApp):MS-Excel-basedtrainingtoolenablesexperimentationwithsmallnumbersofqubits

• qbqual:ToolthatqualifiesaQUBOforeffectiveexecutiononaD-Wavesystem

*Quadraticunconstrainedbinaryoptimizationproblem

Page 4: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• Givens• Strategies• FocusareasandRoadmap

Outline

Page 5: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• TheD-Wavesystemwillevolveandsoondeliverquantumadvantage

• Differingtypesofuserswillhavedifferingtoolrequirements• Subject-matterexperts(SMEs)arealreadysolvingD-Wave-styleproblemstodaywithexistingtools

• D-Waveisnottheonlyorganizationdevelopingtools;needtobeagoodcitizen

• AlmostallproblemsjustifyingD-Waveaccesswillbebiggerthanhardware

Givens

Page 6: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• Bilingual:conversantwithhardwareandapplicationlayers– Deephardwareand domainknowledgerequired

– Potentiallynecessaryforfirstfewgainfulapps

– Scarce

• Monolingual:conversantwithapplicationlayers– Willingtoreworkapplicationtonewformulation

– Notwillingtolearn(much)quantumannealingphysics

– Muchmoreabundant

TypesofInnovatorUsers

Page 7: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• Bilingual– Easierisnice,butdon’tgetinthewayofany potentiallyvaluablecapability

• Monolingual– Ifatallpractical,letmekeepusingmydomain- ormethod-specificinterface

andhavethatmaptoD-Wave

– IfImustchangetoanewprogramminginterface,thatisabigdeal,sothenewinterfacemustlastandevolvealongtime

– Shieldmefromnearlyallthedetailsofmappingtoagivensystem

ToolRequirements

Page 8: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• Givens• Strategies• FocusareasandRoadmap

Agenda

Page 9: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• EstablishstrongabstractionstofosterapplicationsandSME*-focusedlayeredtools– Enablesconcurrentdevelopmentbyhardware,tools,andappdevelopers

• Addvalueclosertothesystem• Deliverandrespondquickly– Distinguishbetweenprototypesandproducts

• Collaboratewithcapablepartnersviaopen-sourcewhenappropriate

• Whenquantumadvantageisreal,deliverittomultipledomainsquickly

Strategies

*Subject-matterexpert

Page 10: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• Mapproblemtoahigher-orderbinaryoptimization(HUBO)onanenergyscale

• MapHUBOtoaQUBO• OptimizetheQUBO• Partitiontofitonhardwareafterfollowingsteps• Mapfromvirtualtophysicalconnectivity• Scaletolimitednumericalrange• Controlforhardwareskew• Micro-adjustannealingforbestresults• Correctforquantumerrors

OneApproachtoUsingtheQMI*

*QuantumMachineInstruction

Page 11: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• Mapproblemtoahigher-orderbinaryoptimization(HUBO)onanenergyscale

• MapHUBOtoaQUBO

• OptimizetheQUBO• Partitiontofitonhardwareafterfollowingsteps• Mapfromvirtualtophysicalconnectivity• Scaletolimitednumericalrange• Controlforhardwareskew• Micro-adjustannealingforbestresults• Correctforquantumerrors

OneApproachtoUsingtheQMI

Method-dependent

Method-independent

VirtualQUBO

Page 12: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

VirtualQUBOAbstraction

Abstraction

qbsolv

https://pixabay.com/en/superhero-human-hero-woman-female-152840/

… Modelingframeworks

Istheabstractionhighlyuseful?

VirtualQUBO

Isiteffectivelyimplementable?

QuantumMachineInstruction

TargetQuantumProcessors

QMISAPI(C,C++,MATLAB,Python)SolverAPI(C,C++,MATLAB,Python)

Page 13: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• qbsolv partitionsavirtualQUBOforD-Waveexecution– AlgorithmbasedonWang,Lu,Glover,andHao [2012]– Numericalresultscompetitivewithbestotherresults;executiontime(solelyclassical)3Xfaster

– SolvesproblemsO(10X)biggerthanunderlyingD-Wavesystem– CollaboratingwithGlover,Lewis,etal.onbetteralgorithm– Anticipatingopen-sourceavailabilitythisfall

• Otherworkonhybridpartitioningoptimizationsolvers– 1QBit:”Buildinganiterativeheuristicsolverforaquantumannealer”,http://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.07605v2.pdf

– Spedalieri,Albash etal.:seeHPECandthisafternoon’spresentations

• Effectivelyimplementable?:Sofar,Yes

EffectivelyImplementable?

Page 14: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• KarpshowedthatallNPproblemsconvertibletootherNPproblems– Note:AndrewLucas(“Ising formulationsofmanyNPproblems”)isworkingwithus

• Gloveretalreportgoodsuccessconvertinghigh-valueproblemstoBQPs(==QUBOs)“TheUnconstrainedBinaryQuadraticProgrammingProblem:ASurvey”,http://leeds-faculty.colorado.edu/glover/454%20-%20xQx%20survey%20article%20as%20published%202014.pdf

• ToQ emitsvQUBO forlargeproblems– EnablesToQ tosolveproblems>hardware

– Works,butvQUBO notidealforconstraint-satisfactionproblems

• Highlyuseful?:Promising,butinsufficientdata

HighlyUsefulforSMETools?

Page 15: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• Givens• Strategies• FocusareasandRoadmap

Agenda

Page 16: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• Mapproblemtoahigher-orderbinaryoptimization(HUBO)onanenergyscale

• MapHUBOtoaQUBO

• OptimizetheQUBO• Partitiontofitonhardwareafterfollowingsteps• Mapfromvirtualtophysicalconnectivity• Scaletolimitednumericalrange• Controlforhardwareskew• Micro-adjustannealingforbestresults• Correctforquantumerrors

OneApproachtoUsingtheQMI

Method-dependent

Method-independent

VirtualQUBO

qbsolvPartitioningconstraint-sat

solver

executor

Page 17: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

Product Stack

Solver&SamplingLibraries

QCSystem

StandardModellingFrameworks

CommonLanguages,IDEs,&APIs

Models

Sampling&OptimizationEngine

Applications

HybridSamplingMethods

SATFilterRBM

BoltzmannSamples

HybridOptimizationMethods

StructuredSVM

QUBOSolutions

Page 18: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

Current qOp Components

Solver&SamplingLibraries

QCSystem

StandardModellingFrameworks

CommonLanguages,IDEs,&APIs

Models

Sampling&OptimizationEngine

ApplicationUsertraining

HybridOptimizationMethod(qbsolv)

qsage

QuApp,dw,qbqual

ToQ

Page 19: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

• qOp toolsareprototypesfornow– Rapiddelivery,rapidfeedback,rapidevolution

– Notproductionquality

– Intime,somewilllikelybecomeproducts

• Packagesmadeavailable~quarterly• qOp 2.2madeavailableAug1– ToQ:experimentalversionadded

– qbsolv:performanceimprovements

• qOp 2.3targetedforlateOctober– qbsolv:open-source-ready,moreperformanceimprovements

Practicalities

Page 20: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

qOp Roadmap – Spring 2017

Solver&SamplingLibraries

StandardModellingFrameworks

Sampling&OptimizationEngine

HybridOptimizationSolver(qbsolv)

qsage

ToQ

executor

ConstraintSatisfactione.g., Cryptol,MiniZinc

vQUBO

Page 21: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

qOp Roadmap – Fall 2017

CoreLibraries

StandardModellingFrameworks

Sampling&OptimizationEngine

HybridOptimizationSolver(qbsolv)

qsage

ToQ

executor

HybridConstraint-SatisfactionSolver

ConstraintSatisfactione.g., Cryptol,MiniZinc

vQUBO <???>

Page 22: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

TheqOp goalsaretoestablishkeyabstractionsthatarevaluableforapplicationsandhigher-leveltoolsandeffectivelyexecutethemon

D-Wavesystems.

Page 23: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

Backup

Page 24: Qubits qOpTools Directions · • Map problem to a higher-order binary optimization (HUBO) on an energy scale • Map HUBO to a QUBO • Optimize the QUBO • Partition to fit on

©2016D-WaveSystemsInc.AllRightsReserved Qubits

Wherearewegoing?

Ourgoalistoenableourcustomerstobesuccessful.

Wewanttheproducttoenablemoreuserstobuildeffectivealgorithms,modelsandapplications.

Sampling&Optimization

Engine

Models

Applications

Sample/SolutionQuality

GraphQuality

Sample/SolutionRate


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