HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Quartz Plate R&D Status

F. Duru, S. Ayan, U. Akgun, J. Olson, A. Albayrak, Y. OnelThe University Of Iowa

V.Podrasky, C. Sanzeni, D.R.WinnFairfield University

L. Cremaldi, E. EllisonThe University of Mississippi

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Summary of last presentation…

• We tested UVT and Quartz plates, UV absorbing wavelength shifting fibers and liquids. Also, wrapping materials: Tyvek and Al-Mylar .– July’04 @ CERN – Aug’04 @ Fermilab– Jan’ 05 @ Fermilab

• Cerenkov light collected from quartz plates with WLS fibers reached 25% of regular HE plates. Low-OH Polymicro solarization quartz is our choice over high-OH Polymicro. Peace fiber geometry collected light more efficiently. Small plate size is better.

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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From last presentation…

• GE-Quartz should be compared to Polymicro. • Radiation damage tests need to be done.• Surface scan studies should be completed.• Liquid WLS with quartz capillaries need to be

investigated. Should work on new quartz tubes and capillaries.

• Salycylic Acid was used as wavelength shifter with GE-Quartz.

Pterphenyl needs to be investigated as a WLS material to increase light.

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Radiation Damage Studies• Seven sets of quartz in the form of fiber are irradiated in

Argonne IPNS for 313 hours.• The fibers were tested for optical degradation before

and after 17.6 Mrad of neutron and 73.5 Mrad of gamma radiation.

REM Hole Diagram Test Setup

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Radiation Damage Studies

• Low OH solarization quartz is a better UV transmitter than High-OH quartz.

• Polymicro manufactured a special radiation hard solarization quartz plate.

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Surface Uniformity Tests

• We tested all quartz fiber geometries for surface light collection non-uniformities with UV-LED (380nm), Nitrogen Laser(337nm), and Mercury lamp.

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Surface Uniformity Tests

• S-Shape gives more uniform signal.

Surface NonUniformity

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

S-Shape Y_Shape HE Shape PEACE

No

nU

nif

orm

ity(

%)

BLUE_LED

UV_LED

MERCURY

•All the others have a surface nonuniformity around 60%.

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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UV Reflective Material Tests• We tested Aluminized Mylar, German Mylar, HEM, and

Tyvek. • Only Aluminized-Mylar and Tyvek are UV-sensitive. • Aluminized-Mylar is ~7 times better reflective material then

Tyvek.Al Mylar / Tyvek Reflectivity

0

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4000 5000 6000 7000 8000x-axis position

Ra

tio

BLUE LED RATIOS

UV LED RATIOS

DC LIGHT RATIOS

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Univ. of Mississippi Tests

• Pterphenol (PTP) is a fast WLS and Scintillator (~1ns).

• Quartz plates can be wrapped in foil+ptp wrappers. Or ptp can directly be deposited on quartz plates.

• Radiation tests in progress. • Making test beam plans for

CERN 2006.

quartz

ptp + wrapperfiber

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Pterphenol Tests• Pterphenol crystals placed between quartz and Tyvek. A large light

enhancement is seen. • Additional light yield dominated by PTP scintillation property. • PTP must be tested for radiation hardness - optimistic.

Quartz ¼”

PTP-on-Tyvek

RCA8854BlueEnhanced

Sr90

quartz

ADC COUNT (1/4pC/count)

1 pe

Scintillation (95%) + wls (5%)

Quartz + PTP

Only Quartz

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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PTP Radiation Tests

• Dry PTP samples are mixed in Toluene. A liquid C14 source is dissolved into the vial.

• The scintillation vial is inserted into a scintillation counter/MCA and rates recorded vs dose.

• Cs137 source ~1.5 MRad/dy. (Mississippi).

• Neutron irradiations being set up IPNS @ Argonne.

• Protons @ IUCF - Indiana Cyclotron. (20MRad ~ 5e14 n/cm2 )

PMT PMT

scintillation vialMCA

Counter

light enclosure

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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PTP Radiation Tests

C14 Beta Spectrum @ 15MRad

Toluene + PTx + C14

152274 / 100s

15 MRad Cs137

Toluene + PT + C14

150973 / 100s

0 MRad Cs137 beta spectrum

No difference

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 50 100 150 200

Counts per Second vs Dose

CP

S

MRad

156 KeV

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Fairfield University Studies

• Liquid Core WLS Quartz Capillaries0.8mm OD, 0.7 mm ID, 25 mm coatingBenzyl Alcohol and POPOP WLS

• Top 2 – 0.65 mm quartz “plugs” in the endsbottom 2 – quartz “cup” 0.85mm ID, 1.1 mm OD capped ends

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Quartz Capillary Properties

• 50-75 mm wall thicknesses, 0.5-3 mm ID

• Kapton, polyimide buffer coatings

• Liquid Cores: Benzyl Alcohol (n~1.55 -most tests), Methylnaphthalene (n~1.61)

• WLS at present limited to PPO, POPOP, bisMSB (for simplicity)

• Ends plugged with: “plugs” or “caps” from fused quartz; plugs held at present with few microns of optical epoxy.

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Plastic & Quartz Capillaries

• Maximum length of liquid core fibers produced = 2.8 m (limited by ceiling height)

• Filling uses vertical vacuum/liquid column, then hand plugging• Bubbles (compromises in rig) prevent full measurements

(limited by size of bath tray for hand plugging)

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Numerical Aperture Rig

0.0100

0.1000

1.0000

0.0000 0.2000 0.4000 0.6000 0.8000

Series1

2 per. Mov. Avg.(Series1)

• Laser external injection or WLS Capture• Measures input, output light cone angles and intensities• Stepper motor settable; PMT or cooled Si• Clear Test Fiber – manufacturer quotes N.A.=0.60

External Laser Injection . Measured N.A.= 0.62 +/- 0.02(fraction transmitted vs sin angle)

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Quartz Capillaries

• WLS Liquid Core Quartz CapillaryN.A.~ 0.26 by Ext. Injected laser LightAsymmetry from canted endplug~ 2-3 degrees off perpendicular by micro-inspection

• UV Stimulated->visible WLS LightUV laser illumination perpendicular to fiberWLS Liquid Core Quartz CapillaryN.A. = 0.23, by trapped WLS light

• Varying distance of UV spot along fiber: <5% variation xmitted intensity over a distance of 6-30 cm from fiber end (large effect 1<d<5 cm)

0

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-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

0.1

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sin theta

Va

ctu

al

/ V

ma

x

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Quartz Capillary Summary

• WLS liquid core fibers with robust cladding demonstrated

• Measured N.A. and capture consistent with core, cladding refractive indices

• Observed attenuation of WLS trapped light less than 5% over ~1 foot lengths

• Simple fill methods need some improvement• Endplugs need refinement• Need more UV transparent or no buffer

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Future Plans• Every institution will continue with their local tests. • We are ready for the next step : “Quartz Plate

Calorimeter Prototype”

Geant4 simulation of 50 GeV electron with a 50mm copper absorber, 5 mm quartz plate prototype calorimeter.

HCAL Fall Meeting 10/15/2005, Fermilab

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Quartz Plate Calorimeter Prototype

• Planning & Simulations until Jan’06• Construction end of Feb’06• Fermilab Test Beam March’06• Cern Test Beam Summer 06.

Geant4 simulation of 25 GeV pion with a 50mm copper absorber, 5mm quartz plate prototype calorimeter.