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Quantum
Computers RUBEN GUZMAN
RICHARD CASTILLO
JORGE VAQUERO
ANTONIO JACOBO
SRJC, Spring 2014, PHYS43
What's quantum
Computing --a computation device that makes direct use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data
Babbage engine Silicon Wafers Atoms
1m 1X 10^-7 m 1 1X 10^-11m
Every 18 months microprocessors double in speed
Faster = Smaller
Origins
The field of quantum computing was first
introduced by Yuri Manin in 1980 and Richard
Feynman in 1982.
Richard Feynman
Yuri Manin
Theoretical Quantum
Computer
Quantum logic gates and connect them into a
network.
Like a classical gate a quantum logic gate
performs one elementary quantum operation,
usually on 2 qubits with the added functionality of
superposition.
Simons algorithm
There exist quantum algorithms, such as Simon's
algorithm, which run faster than any possible
probabilistic classical algorithm.
Simon's problem is a computational problem in
the model of decision tree complexity or query
complexity, conceived by Daniel Simon in 1994.
Simon exhibited a quantum algorithm, usually
called Simon's algorithm, that solves the problem
exponentially faster than any (deterministic or
probabilistic) classical algorithm.
Modern Vs Quantum
Modern Computer:
Only two states in which a bit can exist
Can only perform one operation at a given time
Quantum Computer:
Multiple states can exist
Can perform multiple operations at a given time
Possibilities of Quantum
Computing
Factoring very large numbers
Shor’s Algorithm
RSA
Quantum Simulation:
Study the interactions between molecules and
atoms
Design new drugs or new materials
(superconductors r.t.)
Endless possibilites (ex: laser)
NASA
Just acquired a
quantum computer
(Google)
512 quibits
Running D-Wave
quantum system
Will manage huge
repositories of data
Coordination of robotic
rovers
Search for exoplants
State of Development A general timeline of quantum computing:
1982 Richard Feynman proposes a basic model for a quantum computer.
1998 First working nuclear magnetic resonance 2-qubit quantum computer at Oxford University
2000 First working nuclear magnetic resonance 5-qubit quantum computer at the Technical University of Munich
2000 First working nuclear magnetic resonance 7-qubit quantum computer at Los Alamos National Laboratory
2006 First 12 qubit quantum computer benchmarked
2006 Cristophe Boehme, University of Utah, demonstrates the feasibility of reading spin-data on a silicon-phosphorus quantum computer.
2008 Qubit stored for over 1 second in atomic nucleus
2009 Lifetime of qubits extended to hundreds of milliseconds
2009 Quantum entanglement demonstrated over 240 micrometres
2010 Qubits manipulated electrically, not magnetically
2012 Physicists create a working transistor from a single atom
State of Development
2013 Coherent superposition of an ensemble of approximately 3 billion qubits for 39 minutes at room temperature. The previous record was 2 seconds.
Though surviving for 39 minutes may not sound like very long, it only requires one-hundred-thousandth of a second to perform an operation on a single qubit. So theoretically, over 20 million operations could be performed before the qubits’ data decayed by 1 percent.
Researchers still needed to refreeze the qubits to their original temperature before their data could be read. Only 37 percent of the quibits made it through the process.
Quantum Computing
Although quantum computing possesses major
obstacles their potential has many applications
that outweigh the costs. Some of the applications
include cryptanalysis, computer models of
weather systems or of complex chemical
reactions and problems which involve a great
multitude of variables.
Reference
http://io9.com/what-will-nasa-be-doing-with-its-new-quantum-computer-1468333514
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-05-30/what-quantum-computing-can-do-for-you
http://modular.fas.harvard.edu/edu/Fall2001/124/misc/arjen_lenstra_factoring.pdf
https://uwaterloo.ca/institute-for-quantum-computing/quantum-computing-101
http://www.nec.com/en/global/rd/innovative/quantum/03.html
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer.htm
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~taha/teaching/05F/210/news/2005_09_16.htm