Quantitative measurements

of sleepiness

Väsymyksen kvantitatiiviset

mittausmenetelmät

Pia Forsman, PhD

Department of Physics

University of Helsinki

Week LECTURE, Pia, D104

Tue, 12:15-14:00

LECTURE, Pia, D104

Wed, 14:15-16:00

EXERCISE, Aino, D104

Wed, 16:15-18:00

3 13.1

Safety, health

14.1

Sleep: why, how

4 20.1

Factors in sleepiness

21.1

Factors in sleepiness

(cont)

21.1

PVT

5 27.1

Subjective tests

Performance testing

28.1

Performance testing

(cont)

28.1

WiiFit

6 3.2

Physiologic testing

4.2

Physiologic testing

(cont)

4.2

HRV

7 10.2

Driving performance

11.2

Recap

11.2

VOG

8 18.2

EEG

PASS = 10 lectures + 4 exercises = 5 CREDITS

http://electronics.physics.helsinki.fi/teaching/quantitative-

measurements-of-sleepiness-spring-2015/

• PROTOCOLS!!!

• Ethical permits, anyone?

• Excessive daytime sleepiness

• Sleep logs, actigraphy

Subjective tests

• Objective tests

• performance (fitness for duty)

• physiologic (online operator

monitoring)

• embedded performance

monitoring

•Gold standards vs reality?

Measurements

Physiologic tests

Online operator monitoring

• (Observer Rated Drowsiness (ORD))

• Electro Oculography (EOG)

• Infrared Reflectance Oculography (IROG)

• Video Oculography (VOG)

Physiologic tests

Observer Rated Drowsiness, ORD (1/3)

Wiegand et al National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence, Blacksburg/VA, 2009

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=TwWAKPlLnWc

Physiologic tests

Observer Rated Drowsiness, ORD (2/3)

Pylkkönen et al Sleepiness and stress among long-haul truck drivers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health 2013

32 drivers: 31 non-night shifts, 28 night shifts

Significant (p<0.01) correlations are

bolded

9:15-11:40

12:30-14:55

15:30-17:55

18:30-20:55

23:30-01:55

2:30-04:55

Physiologic tests

Observer Rated Drowsiness, ORD (3/3)

Anund et al PLoS ONE 2013;8(5):e64782

Physiologic tests

Infrared Reflectance Oculography, IROG (1/3)

Johns et al. Somnologie 2007;11:234-242

www.wearvigo.com

Price: $119

Price: $4000 (?)

$30000 (f=500Hz)

http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/3280461.htm

Physiologic tests

Infrared Reflectance Oculography, IROG (2/3)

Johns Alertness monitor US 7616125 B2, US 7791491 B2

http://www.optalert.com/jds-vs-bac

Stephan et al Monash University, Accident Research Centre, 2006; No. 252.

Physiologic tests

Infrared Reflectance Oculography, IROG (3/3)

Anderson et al Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(9):907-920

Ahlström et al Detecting sleepiness by Optalert: final report 2010

Individual correlation coefficients ,

percentage of individuals with sig-

nificant correlations

▼ p < 0.05 (hourly bins compared to average of first 16 h)

“…only 4 of 12 participants received warnings triggered based on JDS ...

… 1 participant fell asleep and drove into the ditch with JDS = 3…”

Percent Eye Closure,

(PERCLOS)

Physiologic tests

Video Oculography, VOG, Eye tracking (1/3)

VueMate

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Etm5zWrlLCs)

EyeCom

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFgO9mHfysc)

Price: 40 k€

(60 Hz)

Price: 22 k€

(120 Hz, buy one, rent one)

Physiologic tests

Video Oculography, VOG, Eye tracking (2/3)

García et al Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Alcalá de Henares, Spain, June 3-7, 2012

Sens 80%

Spec 92%

Physiologic tests

Video Oculography, VOG, Eye tracking (3/3)

Chua et al Physiol Rep 2014;2(8):e12129

Anund et al PLoS ONE 2013;8(5):e64782

9:15-11:40

12:30-14:55

15:30-17:55

18:30-20:55

23:30-01:55

2:30-04:55

Physiologic tests

Electro Oculography, EOG (1/3)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrooculography

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qP4pqQWnIZY

Physiologic tests

Electro Oculography, EOG (2/3)

Ishimaru et al UBICOMP 14 ADJUNCT, September 13 - 17, 2014, Seattle, WA, USA

Raw EOG signal (vertical), while

user blinks seven times.

Raw EOG signal (horizontal),

while user reads.

Price: 3755 €

http://developers.jins.com/en/

Physiologic tests

Electro Oculography, EOG (3/3)

During extended wakefulness,

subjects blink less frequently.

Chua et al Physiol Rep 2014;2(8):e12129,

Hallvig et al Biological Psychology 2014;101:18–23

Between subject differences are stable

across sleep deprivation exposures.

First experiment

Second experiment

Blink Duration and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale plotted

across time of driving for daytime and night time driving.

Daytime driving

Night time driving

Time (min) Time (min)