quantifying the reasons for non-enrollment and...
TRANSCRIPT
Quantifying the reasons for non-enrollment and drop-out
Anna AgarwalMIT India Reading group – 2nd Dec’06
Reference:
Report “The social context of elementary education in rural India”,October 2004, commissioned by Azim PremjiFoundation.
Reasons for never attending schools
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII*,1998-99
* The National Family Health Survey (NFHS), The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
50% of boys, in both rural and urban India, never attend because of these 2 factors!
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
When was primary education made Free for 6-14 years (only in 2002?) – more discussed later
*
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
Girls more interested than boys!! ☺
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
compare with urban females (poverty, uneducated parents) and rural males (Gender bias)
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
Another major cause (gender bias)
Reasons for dropping out of schools
Reasons dropping out of schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
Reasons: Inconducive home env, poor quality schooling
This includes lack of proper toilet facilities, marriage
Why do children in Rural India never enroll in school
* NSSO - National Sample Survey Organisation, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India
Why do children in Rural India never enroll in school
10% to 2% ☺
Again a decrease !
1. Opportunity costs not so dominant anymore ?2. Does not tally with NFHS data...
?
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
compare with urban females (poverty, uneducated parents) and rural males (Gender bias)
Still a big factor (15+35= 50) !! ( could be due to poverty, poor schooling, high costs of schooling... )
‘Earlier class II pass could read postcards, now they cant even write their names’, complained a father during the FGD in urban Sitapur. ‘What is the use of sending him to school?. I pulled him out after class 4 and he now helps me with my work.’
Gender bias
“ Analyzing the cause of drop-out among children, the survey finds that the major cause was withdrawal by parents, for two major reasons: 1) the child being needed for other activities and 2) schooling being expensive” Probe Report 1999.
* PROBE is the Public Report on Basic Education for India. It was supported by the Center for Development Economics (India) and published in 1999 by the Oxford University Press.
Similar findings