quality of life and social well being a presentation to annual policy dialogue meeting, friday 27 th...

Quality of life and social well beingA Presentation to Annual policy dialogue meeting, Friday 27th Jan 2012

REPOA

1

Outline

• Key messages • Progress against targets by key areas

- Education - Health and Nutrition - Water and Sanitation- Social Protection

• Conclusion


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Education Indicators • Literacy rate among population 15+• Net enrolment at pre-primary, primary, secondary and higher

education• Percent of cohort completing standard VII• Percentage passing PSLE and CSEE• Transition rate from standard VII to Form I• Pupil/teacher ration and pupil/textbook ratio


3


Key messages

• The country has achieved significant progress in enrollments at all levels from primary to tertiary.

• Enrollments in primary education significant but less than desired.

• Persistent high levels of illiteracy among adult population especially rural women.

• There are “serious” concerns over quality of education in primary and secondary education

• Drop out rates for primary schools are increasing - Poor learning outcomes among primary school pupils

- Performance of secondary students in CSEE in recent years has been dismal

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(A)Education

(i) Adult literacyMKUKUTA target: 80% by 2010

• The country had almost wiped out illiteracy in the 1980 after achieving universal primary education.

• Greater improvements of literacy among women than men since 2004/05.

• Significant regional variation

• More illiteracy in the rural areas especially among rural women.

TDHS 2004/5 TDHS 2010Men 80% 82%

Women 67% 72%

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(ii) Net enrollment at primary education MKUKUTA target: 99% by 2012

• Substantial progress from 66% in 2001 to the peak of 97% in 2007 • Gradual reduction to 94% in 2011 (figure 1).

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Target 2012

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

100

88.5

90.5

94.8

96.1

97.3 97.2

95.995.4

94

99

Year

Net

enr

olm

ent r

ate

(%)

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Quality of life and social well beingA Presentation to Annual policy dialogue meeting, Friday 27th Jan 2012 • Overall gender parity in access to education has been achieved. Data 2011 NER (Boys) = 93.7 NER (Girls) = 94.2

(iii) Percent of cohort completing standard 7 MKUKUTA target: 90% by 2010 • By 2011, only 63% of those enrolled in standard 1 seven years of age completed standard 7

at the age of 13 years.• A worrying picture. • High drop out rate – especially due to truancy• Significant drop out even before finishing first four years of education.

(iv) Percent of students passing the primary school leaving examinations MKUKUTA target: 60% by 2010

• Fluctuated around 50% over the past four years • Overall girls tends to perform more poorly compared to boys (except in Kilimanjaro region)

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(vi) Pupil teacher ratio Recommended ratio: 40:1• By 2011, PTR in primary school was 48:1.• There are significant concerns related to quality of education. • Tests conducted in 2011 by UWEZO on basic numeracy and literacy showed poor learning

outcomes indicating urgency to improve quality of tuition• Concerns on quality of education are also manifested in Secondary education. • Poor performance in form four examinations.

Higher education • Significant increase in the number of public and private universities in recent years • Sustained uptrend in the numbers of students in higher learning an increase of 350% in the

last ten years


Health Indicators

• Infant mortality rate• U5 mortality rates• Immunisation• Stunting and wasting• Maternal mortality rate • Births attended by skilled personnel • HIV prevalence 15-24• Persons with advanced HIV infections receiving ARV• TB treatment completion rate

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Key messages (continues)

• Overall health status of the population as measured by life expectancy at birth shows gradual improvement over the years.

• There has been significant improvements in child survival over the past ten years.

• Improvements in life expectancy and child survival are largely due to improvements in Tanzania’s health system.

• Child malnutrition and maternal health remain problematic areas in the health sector.

• There is a growing burden of communicable and chronic diseases.

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B) Health

(i) Life expectancy at birth • Gradual increase over the years.

Year Life expectancy

1967 42

2002 51

2010 58

• Increases associated with reduction in child mortality. • In turn, child survival rates is due to improvements in Tanzania healthcare system e.g.

- Better malaria control- Vitamin A supplementation

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(ii) Maternal HealthMKUKUTA target: Reduced maternal mortality to 265 deaths per 100,000 births by 2010.

• Modest decline since 2004/5 TDHS 2004/5 TDHS 2010

578 454

• Factors contributing to poor maternal health

- Poor nutrition - Malaria - High workload among expectant mothers - Low utilization of family planning - Teenage pregnancies

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(c) Water & Sanitation Goal 3

Increased access to clean, affordable and safe water, sanitation, decent shelter and safe and sustainable environment

Indicators for water and sanitation

• Proportion of population with access to piped or protected water as their main drinking water source

• Percentage of households with basic sanitation facilities • Percentage of schools having adequate sanitation facilities

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2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/201130%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

65%

57.80%

0.479

90%

86%

0.81

0.55

MKUKUTA Targets - Rural Routine data - RuralSurvey data - Rural Linear (Survey data - Rural)MKUKUTA Targets - Urban Routine data - Other urban areasSurvey data - Urban including Dar es Salaam Linear (Survey data - Urban including Dar es Salaam)Linear (Survey data - Urban including Dar es Salaam) Routine data - Dar es SalaamLinear (Routine data - Dar es Salaam) Linear (Routine data - Dar es Salaam)

Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on


Figure 45: Proportion of population with access to water supply and MKUKUTA targets, by residence, 2007/08-2010/11

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2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/120

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

51.5

387.1

68 41.6

119.6

428.6

Foreign Funds (DPs) Local Funds (GoT) Total Development Budget

TZS

billi

ons


Figure 49: Foreign and local development financing to water sector, 2005/2006 to 2011/2012 (TZS billions)

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Sanitation


Total Total Total Urban RuralTDHS

2004/05HBS 2007 TDHS 2010

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

80.6 85.0 79.4 78.6 79.7

3.84.8

0.9 1.9 0.62.6

2.8

5.1

15.3

1.6

12.97.5

13.72.0

17.8

No toilet

Flush/pour flush toilet

Ventilated improved pit latrine

Pit latrine

Perc

enta

ge o

f hou

seho

lds

Figure 47: Household access to basic sanitation, 2004/05, 2007 and 2010

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Goals 4 & 5

• Goal 4: Adequate social protection and provision of basic needs and services for vulnerable and needy

• Goal 5: Effective system to ensure universal access to quality and affordable public services

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Indicators

• Proportion of children in child labour

• Proportion of children with disabilities attending primary school

• Proportioned of orphaned children attending primary school

• Proportion of eligible elderly people accessing medical exemptions in public facilities

• Proportion of population reporting satisfaction with health facilities

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Quality of life and social well beingA Presentation to Annual policy dialogue meeting, Friday 27th Jan 2012 • Children with disability and orphans attending primary schools

– NPS used a small sample of disabled children and found that 57.6% of these were enrolled compared to the 82.3% for children without disabilities

– No differences in access to education for pupils who have lost one parent. A gap is observed where the children have lost both parents

% Enrolled

Total 81.8%

Non-orphan 81.5%

Father deceased 87.3%

Mother deceased 83.6%

Both parents deceased 72.3%

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• Eligible elderly people accessing medical exemptions – Data for the indicator not available in HMIS– Available information points to limited implementation of user fee

exemption regime– Example of best practice available. e.g in Morogoro municipality

MORETEA is working with the LGA to issue local ID cards to older people

– Possible approaches for working with private facilities are proposed

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• Proportion of population reporting satisfaction with health facilities– No new data available – In 2008, 64 % reported to be satisfied with health

services provided – New data in 2012 (Views of the People and Afro

barometer Surveys)

quality of life and social well being a presentation to annual policy dialogue meeting, friday 27 th...

Documents

quality of education

primary education significant

years of education

universal primary education

secondary education

annual policy dialogue

primary schools

key areas education