Qualities of an Excellent Leader

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GOVERNMENT IS AN INSTITUION THROUGH

WHICH A SOCIETYMAKES AND ENFORCES

PUBLIC POLICIES

What are public policies?

·All the things a government decides to do·······

HOW DO YOU GET POWER??

·One person or group took over another group or area·Forced all within its rule to submit to their authority

FORCE THEORY

·Develops naturally out of a family·One head of a family, the decision-maker·Families become clans, clans become tribes

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

·God gives those who are born into royalty a “right” to power·Questioning ruler is questioning God·Punishable by banishment or death

DIVINE RIGHT THEORY

·Give up some freedoms for “The General Will”·Voluntary act·Gov’t exists to serve the will of the people

SOCIAL CONTRACT

·Legislative – Make Laws·Executive – Execute, enforce and administer·Judicial – Interpret, determine meaning and settle societal disputes

3 JOBS OF GOVERNMENT

Origins of American Government

Greeks and Romans

Greeks ·Democracy - Form of government in which people rule themselves·Each male had ability to participate and help make laws and policies

Romans·Republic·People elect officials to represent them in government·1 year terms

400-500 BC

ENLIGHTENMENT

A Period of European history of art and rebirth of Greek and Roman thought (da vinci, Michelangelo)

John Locke·Separation of Church and State·Cannot force religion on people·"Life Liberty and Property"

Jean-Jacques Rousseau·Social Contract·We give up certain freedoms of the general good of all

ENGLISH ORIGINS

Magna Carta·King is not above law·1st document limiting power of King

English Bill of Rights·Says Parliament (England's Congress) is more powerful then King·King cannot change law without their approval

IDEAS FROM ENGLAND

Limited Government·Government is restricted in what it can do·Each individual has rights the gov’t cannot take away

Representative Gov’t·Gov’t should be the will of the people·People should have a say

COLONIAL ATTEMPTS AT GOVERNMENT

·Mayflower Compact·Fundamental Orders of Connecticut·Virginia Assembly - 2 Houses·Council of State - Upper house, selected by governor·House of Burgesses - Selected by Colonists

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

·1st attempt at a federal (national) government 1781·Firm friendship between states

Positives of A of C·Protected States Rights·No Strong Central Gov't·Northwest Ordinance of 1787·Creates system for bringing states into the union·Population of 60K, draft constitution, ask permission

Weaknesses of the Articles

·Power to Tax·Regulate commerce between states·Raise a military·Make states obey (9/13)·Make changes (amendments) (13/13)

ECONOMIC TROUBLE

·England controls world trade - makes America go through them·Plays each state against the others·States in $$ trouble - print more money - inflation

SHAYS REBELLION

·Farmers in Mass. rebel against high taxes·Attack courts and shut them down·Result - Proves A of C isn't working

US CONSTITUTION

BIG QUESTIONS!!·Make small changes or totally re-write A of C?·We need a leader - how much power should he/they have?·What do we do with slaves?

Constitutional Convention - Philly 1787

How will the people be represented?

Option 1 - By Population·Virginia Plan·2 houses, each by population·Supported by big states

Option 2 - By equality·New Jersey Plan·1 house, each state gets equal votes·Supported by smaller states

HMMMMMMMMM WHAT SHOULDWE DO??? ANYONE HAVE ANY GOOD IDEAS???????????

THE GREAT COMPROMISE

·2 houses·Equal votes in upper (Senate)·Population in lower (House of Representatives)·Slaves - 3/5 compromise·3/5 slaves will be counted towards population

Approving the Constitution

NOT ALL AGREED WITH THE CONSTITUTION - MANY FELT IT DID NOT DO ENOUGH TO PROTECT THE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OF STATES AND PEOPLE

Federalists·Pro-Constitution·Liked the balance of power·Federalist Papers·Anonymous

Anti-Federalists·Anti-Constitution·Too much power in Central Gov't·Not enough personal liberties

Compromise

Bill of Rights

1st 10 Amendments (Changes) to the Constitution

1 - Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and redress2 - Right to bare arms3 - No Quartering4 - No illegal searches5 - Double jeopardy, testify against self, due process and eminent domain

6 - Speedy and public trial7 - Right to a jury in Civil suits8 - No cruel and unusual punishment or excessive bail9 - Gov't cannot take away any rights not in Con.10 - Anything not in the Constitution is up to the states

5 Principles of the Con.

1 - Popular Sovereignty2 - Limited Government3 - Checks and Balances4 - Judicial Review5 - Federalism

3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT

Legislative Branch

·Translate Public will into public policy through laws·2 Houses - Senate and House of Rep·H of R - 25, 7 years a citizen, live in the state·Senate - 30, 9 years, live in state

Executive Branch

·Administer Laws - Put them into practice·President - 35, Natural born citizen, Resident for 14 years·2, 4 yr terms (22nd amend.) - max is 10 years (FDR 12)·Can Veto bills - overruled with 3/4 vote in congress·Impeach - Bring charges against - twice, both not guilty

Roles of the President

·Chief of State - Head of the Country·Chief Executive - Boss of Exec Branch·Chief Diplomat - Foreign Policy Leader·Commander in Chief - Military leader·Chief Legislator - Make policy for laws

Vice President

·2 Constitutional duties·Take over for President·Break ties in the Senate·“I am vice president. In this I am nothing, but I may be everything” – John Adams

·“The most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived” – J.A.·TR annoyed with the tinkling of the prisms of a chandelier in his study states: “Take it to the office of the Vice President. He doesn’t have anything to do. It will keep him awake.” – Still there today

Possibly Interesting Prez Facts

·WASHINGTON - GENERAL·LINCOLN – LOSES ELECTION BUT GETS FAMOUS·GRANT – FAILS OUT OF W.P. – GROCERY CLERK·WILSON – PHD OF POLY SCI (JHU)·TRUMAN – VP, SENATOR BUT WAS BANKRUPT·CLINTON – SAX PLAYER, RHODES SCHOLAR, GOV.·W BUSH – GOV, OWNER OF BASEBALL TEAM, SON OF PRES

Possibly Interesting Prez Facts

·30 former soldiers·12 generals·17 governors·4 sets of relatives·14 formers vp’s·16 senators·19 house of reps

·WASPs·MALE·2 WOMEN VP CANDIDATES·MOSTLY PROTESTANTS·JFK (RC)LIEBERMAN

·PS Act (1967)·25th AMENDMENT (1967)·VP fills position of president

·What about disability?·Reagan – removes tumor – Bush 1 pres for 8 hours·Garfield – 80 days·Wilson - 7 months·Bush 2 - twice

Judicial Branch

·A system of Courts to interpret the laws and settle disputes·Supreme Court - Rules Constitutional or unconstitutional - Not guilty or not guilty

Supreme Court

·9 Justices·Serve Life terms - Why?·Only see the most important cases each year

·Chief – John Roberts·Harvard Undergrad, Harvard Law

·Antonin Scalia·Georgetown, Harvard law

·Anthony Kennedy·Stanford, Harvard Law

·Clarence Thomas·Holy Cross, Yale Law

·Ruth Bader Ginsberg·Cornell, Harvard Law, Columbia Law

·Stephen Breyer·Stanford, Harvard law

·Samuel Alito·Princeton, Yale Law

·Sonia Sotomajor·Princeton, Yale Law

·Elena Kagan·Princeton, Harvard Law

·Sandra Day O’Connor (R)·David Souter (R)·John Paul Stevens (R)

FUN FACT O’ THE DAY

·4 born in NY including 3 in NYC·2 born in Trenton, NJ·2 from San Fran area of Cali·1 Georgia