quaestio : what sparked the first crusade?
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Quaestio : What sparked the first Crusade?. Nunc Agenda: Work in groups of four to complete the reading questions from yesterday titled “Feud Between Pope and Emperor”. What are the Crusades?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nunc Agenda: Work in groups of four to complete the reading questions from
yesterday titled “Feud Between Pope and Emperor”
Quaestio: What sparked the
first Crusade?
Crusades = Series of wars fought by Western European knights, at the request of the Pope, with the goal of taking the Holy Land back from the Muslims AND defending the Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks
What are the Crusades?
Crusades = Series of (very confusing and poorly organized) wars fought by Western European knights (and other people) at the request of the Pope (sometimes) with the goal ofTaking the Holy Land back from the Muslims, or…Helping defend Constantinople and the whole
Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks, or…Attacking the Byzantine Empire for Venice, or…Expelling and killing Jews in Europe, or…Expelling Muslims from Spain, or…Getting rid of violent knights, or…Converting Northern European pagans, or…Attacking heretics in Southern France, or…
What are the Crusades, really?
Turn to page 259 and find one reason why the city of Jerusalem is important to each of the three Abrahamic religions.
The Holy Land & Jerusalem
The Holy Land = Jerusalem and other areas in the Levant region important to Abrahamic religions
Jews: where King David and Solomon ruled, ancient homeland, Western Wall
Christians: (above and) where Jesus lived and preached his message
Muslims: (above and) where Muhammad journeyed into heaven
The Holy Land
The Fatimid Caliphate, who were Shia Muslims, controlled Egypt and the Levant (Holy Land)
1009- Anti-Christian Fatimid Caliph destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
His son worked with Byzantines to rebuild it, but it created anger among Western Christians
Situation in Middle East
Mid-1000s- Seljuk Turks arrived and conqueredthe Abbasid Caliphate in the
Middle Eastthe Holy Land from the Egyptian
FatimidsByzantine land in Asia Minor,
coming very close to Constantinople
Seljuks at first prevented Christian pilgrims from visiting the Holy Land, but they reopened to pilgrims when they realized it would bring in money
Situation in Middle East
Church efforts to stop the violent behavior of knights against fellow Christians not working
Already very religious, recent issues like Investiture Controversy (1076) and the Great Schism (1054) made Western Christians more passionately religious
Older sons of nobles received lands, younger sons became landless knights or monks
Situation in Western Europe
Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked Pope Urban II (his rival) to send SOME knights to help him fight the Seljuk Turks in Asia Minor
1095- Council of Clermont: Pope Urban II calls on nobles and bishops to fight a Crusade against the Muslims, accusing Muslims of persecuting Christians, offering forgiveness of sins for anyone who fights
Crusades were a win-win combination of Holy War and PilgrimageIf you live, you are a pilgrimIf you die, you are a martyr
A Cry for Help
Working as a group of four, read the first version of the speech by Pope Urban II at Clermont in 1095 and answer the questions
HOMEWORK:Read the secondversion of the speech& answer the questions
Speech- Pope Urban II