quaestio: how do our model organisms perform the life process of transport?
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Quaestio: How do our model organisms perform the life process of transport?. Nunc Agenda: Think about the path food takes. What happens to those nutrients after they are absorbed through the villi of the small intestine? . What is Transport?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Quaestio: How do our model organisms perform the life process of transport?
Nunc Agenda:Think about the path food takes. What
happens to those nutrients after they are absorbed through the villi of the small
intestine?
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What is Transport?• Transport: The life process by which
substances move into or out of cells or are distributed within cells.
• Remember, every cell requires substances from the environment to survive and all organisms need to have a way of getting materials to and from each cell. – Question: Can you name some of these materials?
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Key ideas• Nutrients, gases, and wastes must be
transported throughout the organism
• Small animals have cells in direct contact with the environment so diffusion alone is sufficient for transport
• Larger, more complex organisms require circulatory systems to move materials within the body
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A circulatory system must have 3 parts:
– 1. A fluid in which materials are transported.
– 2. A network of tubes or body spaces through which the fluid flows.
– 3. A way of pumping fluid through the tubes or spaces.
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Protozoans• Unicellular
• Perform cell transport through diffusion and active transport
• Cell is in direct contact with the external environment
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Diffusion
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Hydra– Recall: Hydras have two
layers of cells.• The Ectoderm• The Endoderm
–Both cell layers are in direct contact with the external environment.
–Materials pass by diffusion and active transport
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Earthworm
• Large and complex• All cells NOT in contact with the external
environment• Closed –circulatory system– Transports materials around the body within tubes
or blood vessels
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Earthworm anatomy• 4 main parts of circulatory system– Dorsal vessel • On top – over the digestive tract
– Ventral vessel• On bottom – below the digestive tract
– Aortic arches• 5 “hearts” that force blood down the ventral vessel
– Capillaries• Smallest blood vessels - allows for diffusion of materials
in and out of cells
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Top View
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Top View
Aortic Arches
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Earthworm blood
• Blood = a fluid that carries nutrients, gases, wastes, water, and other dissolved substances
• No red blood cells – But do have hemoglobin-like pigments to carry O2
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Earthworm Circulation• Aortic arches pump blood
into the ventral blood vessel
• Blood then enters the dorsal vessel at the posterior end and return to heart
• Capillaries branch off the main vessels
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Grasshopper circulation• Open – circulatory system– Blood flows within vessels some of the time, but
in other areas blood flows directly into body spaces called sinuses
– Blood directly bathes cells for exchange of materials
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Grasshopper Circulatory System: Side View
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Grasshopper circulation
• Single blood vessel = the aorta– Dorsal (on back)
• A tubular set of hearts is located along the back of the animal.– Blood moves through a dorsal blood vessel and then out
into sinuses and directly bathes cells.– Blood then reenters blood vessels.
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Grasshopper Blood• Grasshopper blood does not contain hemoglobin.
It is actually called hemolymph.– It is colorless.
– It does not transport O2 or CO2.• These respiratory gases are transported on a different
pathway.
– Hemolymph’s function is to transport nutrients and wastes.
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Comparison Of Open And Closed Circulatory Systems
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Questions:
• What are the main parts of a circulatory system?
• Name the processes that are involved in the transport of materials in protists.
• How does a closed circulatory system differ from an open circulatory system?
• What type of circulatory system do you expect to find in a bee?