QQ HaririTopic: Teacher Training & Education

2589157386Registration no; Name:

Planning, Budgeting & Financing

From the traditional notion of Teaching to the broader concept of Teacher Training & Education

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Hariri

REVIEW OF PLANS AND POLICIES WITH RESPECT TO TEACHER TRAINING & EDUCATION

Professional Development

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Objective: The Study will lead to improvements in

new generations of policy and practice It will give Standard-settings for teacher

education activities, teacher certification and accreditation.

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Introduction Education policy refers to the collection

of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems

Education is a social function thus it serves the society, which maintains it

Education for an independent sovereign state is almost different from a dominated nation

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Background Pakistan Education Conference 1947

opening of pre-primary schools and provision of proper training of teachers.

Governing teacher education were first articulated in the National Education Policy of 1992 Improving quality by reclaiming teachers

role in the teacher-learning process The quality of instruction would be raised

through an extensive in-service teachers’ training program

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Teacher Education National Education Policy 1998-2010 regarding Teacher

Education is: To create a matching relationship between the demand and supply of

teachers To increase the effectiveness of the system by institutionalizing in-

service training of teachers, teacher trainers and educational administrators

To upgrade the quality of pre-service teacher training programs by introducing parallel programs of longer duration at post-secondary and post-degree levels

To make the teaching profession attractive for young talented graduates, by institutionalizing a package of incentives

To develop a viable framework for policy planning and development of inservice and pre-service teacher education programs; and

To provide for management training of educational administrators at various levels (Ministry of Education 1998).

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Education Sector Reforms

Education Sector Reforms Action Plan 2001-2005-06

Improvement in Quantity and Quality National Education Assessment

System(NEAS) Teacher Resource Centers(TRCs) for

teachers

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International Commitments Pakistan has been the first country to develop a national fifteen-year

Plan of Action for Education For All National Plan of Action (NPA) 2015 outlines many issues regarding

Teacher Supply, Training and Supervision. The NPA highlights the additional need for 118,000 teachers up to 2015 The EFA NPA recommendations to teacher education including:

A relaxation of qualifications for teachers in inaccessible areas together with special incentives,

In-service training to allow for its provision every three years rather than every five years

a scaling up of best practices through the replication of mobile teachers training, Professional Development Centers (PDCs) and TRCs

Reforms of pre-service teacher training Revision of curricula and textbooks, and Improvement of teacher training institutions and their facilities (Ministry of

Education 2001).

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Lack of facilities! National education policy (1998-2010)

pointed out that the teacher education institutes are lacking facilities like

Equipment Furniture learning materials and updated

technology books and other helping aids

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BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR TEACHER TRAINING IN PAKISTAN

Professional Development

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Budget for Teacher Education & Training The primary institution for pre-service training of teachers at the federal

level is the Federal College of Education, Islamabad. The total budget of the College is in the vicinity of Rs. 37.50 million. The

budget has been increased by 7 per cent in 2010-11 over the previous year.

Nearly 78 per cent of the allocated budget will be spent on the salaries of the employees. In every year since 2008-09, the percentage share of employees-related expenses has been increasingly incrementally.

The federal government has allocated Rs. 2.1 million for Technical Panel on Teacher Education. The federal government is also implementing a national program of Teacher Training Institutions (TTIs) and for the training of elementary school teachers across Pakistan under CIDA is Rs. 1.50 billion been allocated for the four provinces.

The largest proportion of this allocation will go to Punjab (Rs. 705.09 million) followed by Sindh (Rs. 351.87 million), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Rs. 260.59 million) and Balochistan (Rs. 181.84 million). The pace of this program has been very slow resulting in low utilization

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Overall Provincial Education Budget

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Educational budgetCategories Current Budget

Regular expenditure(salaries, allowances, retirement benefits, transfers..) and operating costs(communications, utilities, occupancy costs, traveling..)

Development Budget/Expenditure Finite cost (Development schemes)

Authorities MoE

Four Functional Grops Education Division Higher Education Commission Education Federal Government Educational Institutions in the capital and federal

areas(FGEIs)After 18 amendment the MoE and Education Division authorities are placed under

Capital Administration and Development Division(CADD)

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Arrangement of Education budget

Budget Allocation for Teacher training in Pakistan in Plans Under the ESR, an estimated Rs. 2,500 million

were allocated for creating 500 TRCs for the period 2001-2004-05.

Allocation for teacher training is: 24 percent is marked for pre-service teacher training 76 percent is for in-service teacher training Similar trend is observed over the past years,

indicating that a higher priority is attached to in-service teacher training

Budget for teacher training and education has been increasing consistently over the past four years in the four provinces of Pakistan

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Provision of Budgetit is indicated in 2000 that the budget of Education

should be raised with respect to improvement in: Providing complete teaching staff Cooperation from community, teacher’s

commitment towards professional obligations, provision of funds, grants and proper physical

facilities Supervisory system Motivational and professional training of

teaching staff.

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Allocation of Budget on Teacher Education

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Graphical Representation of 7 plans

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FINANCING ON TEACHER TRAINING AND HEC

Professional Development

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Introduction An amount of Rs 18,490.00 million was

allocated to 154 development projects of the universities and Higher Education Commission (HEC). Rs 14.787 billion have been released and Rs 10.351 billion utilized showing 70% utilization

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HEC Financing HEC Spending relation to GDP – GOP

Budget and Total education spending 2001/02 2004/05

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Financial Provisions National education policy (1998-2010) pointed out

that the teacher education institutes are lacking facilities like Equipment Furniture learning materials and updated technology books and other helping aids

Huge governmental financing has become essential to provide new services like Guidance and counseling Vocational bias to secondary education and to equalize educational expenditure

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Investment in Teacher Education and Training Investment in teacher education and training is crucial for improving the

quality of students' learning Funds are allocated every year for pre- and in-service teacher training In 2011-12, the provincial budget for teacher training lies in the vicinity

of Rs. 3.18 billion, which shows an increase of 47 percent over previous year's allocation. This represents an additional allocation of Rs. 351 million for pre-service and Rs. 662 million for in-service teacher training.

The increase in allocation for pre-service teacher training will be largely absorbed in employee-related expenses of elementary teacher training colleges. These expenses have been increased by about Rs. 333 million; from Rs. 397.56 million in 2010-11 to Rs. 731.38 million in 2011-12.

The major portion of increase in the inservice teacher training will be absorbed in allowances, travel and transportation, and purchase of furniture and fixture. Regular allowances have been increased by about Rs. 558 million; from Rs. 296.44 million in 2010-11 to Rs. 854.398 million in 2011-12

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Expenditure The total expenditure of the government on education raised

from 2.2% to 4% in the year 2002-3 The teacher education expenditure has improved steadily and

consistently from a level as low as 55 percent in 2007-08 to a high level of 96 percent in 2010-11 In the past, the underutilization is almost wholly attributed to in-

service teacher training. The high expenditure in the current fiscal year is mainly attributed to

excess expenditure on regular allowances and transport in in-service teacher training, though still 16 percent of the allocated budget could not be utilized.

On the contrary, utilization has been quite high in pre-service teacher training.

The elementary teacher training colleges have incurred excess expenditure for the past three years, mainly on account of employees' salaries and allowances.

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References & Sources: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (2011). Pakistan

Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2011, Islamabad

Pakistan Education Task Force (2011), Education Emergency Pakistan, Islamabad

Annual Status of Education Report 2012 Government of Pakistan (2009), National

Education Policy, Islamabad I-SAPS (2010), Public Financing of Education in

Pakistan: Analysis of Federal and Provincial Budgets, Islamabad.

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Thank You

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