qprobe: detecting the bottleneck in cellular … · 2015. 12. 9. · independent, bottleneck...
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QPROBE: DETECTING THE BOTTLENECK IN
CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
NIMANTHA BARANASURIYANATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
VISHNU NAVDAMICROSOFT RESEARCH INDIA
VENKAT PADMANABHANMICROSOFT RESEARCH INDIA
SETH GILBERTNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
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The Big Picture
Internet
CellularNetwork
YouTubeServer
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Internet
CellularNetwork
YouTubeServer
The Big Picture
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The Big Picture
Internet
CellularNetwork
YouTubeServer
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Where is the Bottleneck?
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Wireless WAN
QProbe
Where is the Bottleneck?
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Alternate connection (e.g., WiFi)
Downsize media content
Route around the bottleneck
Pick a different replica
Why Detect?
Wireless WAN
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PF Scheduler
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PF Scheduler
Packet scheduler in cellular base stations
Per-device vs FIFO queues
Fairness vs no notion of fairness
Existing tools are unusable
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Internet
CellularNetwork
TCPServer
QXDM BackgroundDownloaders
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Schedulingfrequencydecreaseswithincreasingloadatthebasestation
Effect of base station load on slot gaps
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QProbe Design
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Internet
CellularNetwork
QProbeServer
1 2 ... 253t
QProbe PacketTrain
QProbeApp
UDP0BytePayload
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Internet
CellularNetwork
QProbeServerQProbe
App
1 2 ... 253t
QProbe PacketTrain
1 2 ... 25
QProbe PacketTrain
3~t
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Internet
CellularNetwork
QProbeServerQProbe
App
1 2 ... 253t
QProbe PacketTrain
1 2 25
QProbe PacketTrain
3 ...
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Internet
CellularNetwork
QProbeServer
1 2 ... 253t
QProbe PacketTrain
Can also happen due tocross traffic in the WAN
1 2 25
QProbe PacketTrain
3 ...
QProbeApp
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#back-to-backpackets,itself,can’taccuratelydetectthebottlenecklocation.
#Back-to-back packets for Wireless and WAN bottlenecks
Wireless bottleneck WAN bottleneck
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Internet
CellularNetwork
QProbeServer
1 ... 25
UDPMTUBytePayloadTTL=HopCount- 1
2t
Load Load...
QProbeApp
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Withloadpackets,#back-to-backpacketscandetectwirelessbottlenecks.
#Back-to-back packets for Wireless and WAN bottlenecks
Wireless bottleneck WAN bottleneck
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1 ... 252t
Load Load
T
...
1 . .. 252Load Load...
ThinWANPipe
Stretch-factor =Received gaps
Sent gaps
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Loadpacketsincreasesthestretch-factor.ThisallowsusdetectWANbottlenecks.
Stretch factors for Wireless and WAN bottlenecks
Wireless bottleneck WAN bottleneck
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Wireless
Yes
QProbe Algorithm
No
Unclassified
Packetgapsatthereceiver
WAN
Yes
#back-to-back<
bb_threshold
#back-to-back>
bb_threshold
Stretch_factor>
sf_threshold
Yes No
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Evaluation
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Measurement Study
Evaluation
~500 runs for which the ground truth is known
Classification accuracy: 97.4%
Controlled Experiments
Classification model using a 10-cross validation decision tree
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Measurement Study
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iPhone App implementation
15 well-provisioned Azure servers
51 PlanetLab servers
2 months of data
8116 runs of QProbe
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iPhone App implementation
15 well-provisioned Azure servers
51 PlanetLab servers
2 months of data
8116 runs of QProbe
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iPhone App implementation
15 well-provisioned Azure servers
51 PlanetLab servers
2 months of data
8116 runs of QProbe
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iPhone App implementation
15 well-provisioned Azure servers
51 PlanetLab servers
2 months of data
8116 runs of QProbe
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642 Users | 33 Countries | 51 ISPs
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Technology Runs Wireless WAN
3G 2573 215 (8.35%) 97 (3.77%)
LTE 5480 441 (8.05%) 837 (15.27%)
Summary of QProbe Runs
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QProbe Results (3G)
Ground Truth Wireless WAN
Wireless 187 161(86.1%) 26(13.9%)
WAN 76 13(17.11%) 63(82.89%)
3G Classified Runs: 84.3%
QProbe Classification
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QProbe Results (LTE)
Ground Truth Wireless WAN
Wireless 330 307(93.03%) 23(6.97%)
WAN 708 116(16.38%) 592(83.62%)
LTE Classified Runs: 81.2%
QProbe Classification
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QProbe: lightweight, platform independent, bottleneck detection technique
Uses less than 4KB of data and runs in ~700ms
Extensive evaluations show >85% bottleneck detection accuracy
Data and code available atwww.comp.nus.edu.sg/~nimantha/qprobe.html
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http://cdn1.dottech.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/binary_tunnel_wallpaper.jpg?2b1f17http://www.clker.com/cliparts/P/C/k/o/0/k/router-down-hi.pnghttp://status.freeftpspace.net/assets/img/server.pnghttp://g-ec2.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/wireless/detail/nokia-lumia928-veriz-black-main-lg.jpghttp://yizhantech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Cell-towers.jpghttp://www.psdgraphics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/round-rating-buttons.jpg
Image Credits
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