qin and han dynasties libertyville high school. the qin (chin) dynasty (242-202 bc) arose out of the...
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Qin and Han Dynasties
Libertyville High School
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The Qin (Chin) Dynasty (242-202 BC)
• Arose out of the Time of Warring States
• Took title of Shi Huangdi (First Emperor)
• Applied legalist philosophical methods to run state
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Qin Dynasty• Strategy– Destroy power of other
warlords– “Strengthen the trunk,
weaken the branches”– Commanded nobility to live in
capital city– Confiscated lands, weapons
of nobility
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Qin Dynasty• Silenced criticism– Murdered hundreds of
Confucian scholars– Burned books NOT about
medicine and farming
• Centralized government power– Massive forced labor on
road building project– Strict regulation of currency,
law – even length of wagon axis
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Qin Dynasty: Results
• Unified virtually all of modern day China
• Building projects– Great Wall– Massive tomb
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Great Wall of China• Zhou rulers had built many
small walls vs. nomads• Shi Huangdi was
determined to link walls• Built by forced labor of
100,000s of peasants– Choice: work or die– Many who died became
“fill” for wall– Over 1,400 miles long (long
way to go around!)
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Huangdi’s Tomb
• Terra Cotta soldiers created to serve emperor in death– Individualized faces,
based on real soldiers of army
• Location lost until 1974
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Fall of Qin Dynasty• Regime was horribly
unpopular– High taxes & repressive
government– Scholars were either killed or
forced into hiding– Poor were worked to death on
public projects
• Shi Huangdi died and a peasants revolt broke out; Han Dynasty set up in 202 BC
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Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD)
• Considered the greatest period of Chinese history
• Liu Bang, a former Qin policeman, became leader of peasant revolt
• 202 BC: revolt successful, Bang set self up as emperor
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Han Government
• Based on Confucian principles
• Goal was the unification of China
• Accomplishments– Lowered taxes– Established civil service
Han Officials (above); nobles (below)
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Han Government• Civil service created– Jobs no longer depended on
who you knew– Initiated civil service exam,
based on Confucian ideas– Now, best person got job,
not best connected
• Today, Chinese refer to selves as “People of Han”
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Han Technology• Paper, based on wood pulp
(105 AD)• Hydraulic power (bellows of
steel mill)• Steel, combining wrought
and cast iron• Scientific explanations of
lunar & solar eclipses
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Silk Road
• From 138 BC, Han emperors ordered patrols of trade routes into Central Asia
• Began sending diplomats to other states
• Received envoys from Romans!
• Trade route reached Mediterranean shore
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Fall of Han Dynasty
• Emperors became weak, disinterested in fairness
• Peasant rebellions, nobles joined in
• Han lost control• Civil war for next 350 years