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QIIC – QURAN LEARNING SCHOOL – QATAR CHAPTER

www.velicham.net Tel. No 77299913, 66012350 – Email: [email protected]

Under the Auspices of

QLS, Qatar Chapter, QIIC

A Comprehensive Course for Learning The Holy Qur’an

��

Date: / / 2012

Dear Qur’an learner,Dear Qur’an learner,Dear Qur’an learner,Dear Qur’an learner,

السالم عليكم ورمحة اهللا وبركاته

First of all we would like to take this opportunity to appreciate you for the interest you have taken in joining this course to learn the Book of Allah. We, at Qatar Indian Islahi Centre, have programs like the Qur’an Learning School wherein Qur’an is being taught face to face in different locations of Qatar. We realize that a vast majority has been left out from this due to their inability to attend such classes in person. The need for an additional course where one can learn at his own convenience and comfort (at home or somewhere) is evident to help such people. Our colleagues in Kerala have been conducting such a course based on Moulavi Mohammad Amani’s Tafsir which is one of the best Tafsirs in the world. We were able to start the same course in Qatar in May 2011, all the praises are to Allah. But it is in Malayalam and many Keralites, especially youth, find it difficult to follow as their medium of education was English. To help such Keralite brothers and other brothers who use English as a medium of learning we decided to start this course. It is based on the English translation of Ibn Kathir’s famous tafsir in Arabic. A group of scholars headed by Sh. Saifurrahman Al-Mubarakpuri carried out the translation for Darussalam who are the publishers. The group of scholars who did the translation have taken every effort to remove unauthentic hadithes from the translated version.

We shall distribute a specific portion of the tafsir every two months with question paper containing around one hundred questions. You have to read the part given to you thoroughly and later answer the questions. You can refer to the study material while answering the questions. Detailed instructions will be given with the study material.

We see this as a golden opportunity to learn the Book of Allah even for people busy with their employment or business. May Allah make your learning easier and guide you to the straight path by His Light.

We pray to Allah to accept this noble deed from all of us.

T. M T. M T. M T. M KunKunKunKunhhhhiiii M M M Mohammedohammedohammedohammed

InInInIn----charge of English Sectioncharge of English Sectioncharge of English Sectioncharge of English Section

Zubair WakraZubair WakraZubair WakraZubair Wakra

Controller of ExaminationController of ExaminationController of ExaminationController of Examination

Dr.Abdul Ahad MadaniDr.Abdul Ahad MadaniDr.Abdul Ahad MadaniDr.Abdul Ahad Madani

ChairmanChairmanChairmanChairman






General instructions

1) Make sure that you have already enrolled to the course before submitting

your answer sheet to the concerned authorities.

2) Please use only A4 size papers as your answer sheets.

3) Leave one inch space at the top and left side of the paper.

4) No personal details like name, telephone number or other identifications are

to be mentioned anywhere in the answer sheets.

5) All the questions are based on the Tafsir Ibn Kathir’s English translation,

Qur’anic vocabulary and Arabic Grammar attached herewith and accordingly

the answers should be from the above syllabus .

6) The portion prescribed for the first semester is Surah al Fatiha and Sura al Baqara

up to Aya 82 and first parts of Quranic Vocabulary and Arabic Grammar.

7) Answer sheets with duly filled cover page are to be submitted to the

authorities on of before 15th

March 2012.

8) There is no age bar for enrollment to this course. For registration QR 10/- will

be charged ( cost of study materials is QR 15/- for each semester ) .

9) Examination results shall be published on www.velicham.net on due date.

10) Answer sheet shall be returned to the concerned candidate after declaration

of the result. There will be no revaluation.

Schedule of the First Semester

Duration : 1st

Jan – 31st

March 2012

Last date to submit the answers : March 15th

2012

Declaration of result : April 1st

2012






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For further information contact - Tel : 44173495, 77460773, 77299913,

Email : [email protected]

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Examination No: 01/Jan-Mar/2012 Marks

1. What does Isti`adhah )ا/-+*ذة( mean ? 1

2. How were the Children of Israel fed by Allah during their years of wandering in the desert ? 1

“ .”آ�� ون �� وآ� � أ�ا��“ .3 أ�ات ” means “were dead”. What does it mean here ? 1

4. Quote an ayah (or its English translation) from this syllabus where Allah calls Qur’an a noor (light). 1

5. Who was the first prophet Allah spoke to directly ? 1

6. What does Israel mean. Which prophet was known by that name ? 1

7. Even harm caused by a thorn is a benefit to a Muslim (according to a hadith reported by Muslim). How ? 1

8. What does the article ال ( al ) in لحمدا point to ? 1

9. To what has Allah compared the acts of disbelievers in surah An Noor ? 1

10. What word is used by Allah to mean fuel in ayah 2:24. He uses different words in 72:15 and 21:98. What are these words ?

1

11. How did Allah protect the Israelites from the heat of the sun during their years of wandering ? 1

12. What will be the believers’ supplication when they see the hypocrites’ light being extinguished on “the sirat” (the slippery bridge across the hell 2345( ) ?

1

13. Normally the object follows the verb and the doer, but in �� the object is stated إ#��ك !�&% وإ#��ك ! first. What might be Allah’s intention in changing the structure of the sentence like this ?

1

14. To which of the companions question the Prophet (�) confirmed that there are human devils. 1

15. What is the most despicable name of a person to Allah according to a hadith reported by Abu Hurairah and recorded by Bukhari and Muslim.

1

16. What does the word 6789:ا mean in the ayath ��# '�%م ا� �# ? 1

17. Quote the Hadith reported by Anas Bin Malik (RA) about not reciting Bismillah aloud in congrega-tional prayers

1

18. Who witness the recitation of the Qur’an in the early dawn according to a Hadith reported by the both the Sahihs ?

1

19. According to a Qudsi Hadith Allah says he will sever (cut) ties with a person. What is the act performed by this person to earn such a severe punishment ?

1

20. From which Arabic word is the word “Shaytan” derived according to the renowned Arab linguist Sibawayh and what does it mean ?

1

21. What pursues the devil who steals the hearing of the angels ? 1

22. The Prophet (�) said Allah said “ The Prayer “ (ا:>;ة) is divided into two halves between Me and My servants”. What does “the Prayer “here refer to ?

1

23. “Hold Fast to that which we have given you”. What is it ? 1

24. Why did Allah order the children of Israel to slaughter a cow ? 1

25. Why were the Christians called “Narasa” ? 1

26. What is the greatest Miracle given to the Prophet Mohammed (�) ? 1

27. What did Jews present to the Prophet (�) when Khyber was conquered ? 1

28. What is the name of Prophet’s (�) lake in Paradise ? 1

29. What was manna and salwa ? 1

30. "Wait for us! Let us get something from your light!'' Who will say this and to whom ? 1



31. "Hold yourself accountable before you are held accountable,…” Whose words are these ? 1

32. In religious terminology, what does `Ibadah )دة*>?( mean ? 1

33. What is the best Dhikr ? 1

34. What did Allah mention along with the prayer(ا:>;ة) in many instances ? 1

35. What does Ar-Rabb ) بAB:ا( means linguistically ? 1

36. What was the Satan created from ? 1

37. What does Ar-Rajim )2C5AB:ا( mean ? 1

38. What are Asma’ul Husna )D3EF:ء ا*H/أ( ? 1½

39. Give the definition of word B>آ according to the Hadeeth . 1½ 1½

40. What did Children of Israel prefer to than Manna and Salawa ? 1½

41. The religion is naseehah”, What is the definition of KFC<L according to Raghib Al Isfahani ? 1½

42. How did Ubayy bin Ka’b once explain ىNOP (taqwa) to Umar (�) ? 1½

43. “So we sent upon the wrongdoers a Rijz (a punishment) from the heaven because of their rebellion”. How did they rebel ?

1½

44. State the three sources to get the correct interpretation of the Qur’an. 1½

45. The Prophet (�) once told a group of his companions that some people who come after them would acquire greater reward than them. What entitles them for such a reward ?

1½

46. What are three characteristics of a pure hypocrite as described the Prophet (�) and reported by the two sahihs.

1½

47. Even though 6HQAB:ا and 2CQAB:ا are derived from the word “ KHQ6 , ” رHQB:ا has got a unique meaning which can only be attributable to Allah. What is this uniqueness ?

1½

48. What are the three things for which the Jews envy us the most according to a hadith reported from Aysha (RA) by Imam Ahmed.

1½

49. Why did Allah order Musa (�) to command his people to kill each other ? 1½

50. What was the opinion of Abu bakr, Umar, Uthman , Ali and Ibn Mas’ud (�) about the individual letters like )2:أ( at the beginning of some Surahs ?

1½

51. What do Arabs call a comprehensive matter that contains several specific areas ? Give one example. 1½

52. Mention three favors which Allah (S) bestowed upon Banu Israel ? 1½

53. Mention the supplication of Adam (�) and Hawwa repenting to Allah for their sin . 1½

54. Although Iblis was not an angel, he was included in the command to the angels to prostrate before Adam(�). Why ? 1½

55. “We should seek a means of intercession with our Lord.” Who will say this and when ? 1½

56. Which Ayah is used to prove that the Hell-fire exists now ( Mention the Aya Number ) ? 1½

57. What are the five commands given to Banu Israel by Yahya bin Zakariyya (�) ? 1½

58. Whom does “STأو:ـ” refer to in the Aya “نNFYZH:ه2 ا ST1 ? ”وأو:ـ½

59. Which was the last Ayah to be revealed from the Qur'an ? 1½

60. What is the ruling on saying Ameen loudly after sura al Fathiha 1½

61. How does Qadariyyah sect differ with the Islamic correct view regarding destiny ( Qadar ) ? 1½

62. Who have earned the anger and who are led astray ? 1½

63. What are the three things that the Messenger of Allah taught Umar bin Abi Salamah while he was a child under his care

1½

64. What did the Shaytan vow when he was expelled from the holy presence of Allah ? 1½

65. When does Allah say, `My servant has glorified Me.' ? 1½

66. Mention the hadeeth reported by Ubadah bin As Samit that says the importance of reciting Fatiha in the daily Prayer (ة;\)

1½



67. What are the two lights of which glad tiding was given to Prophet Mohamed (�) ? 1½

68. Why is surah Fatihah called Fatihah ? 2

69. In religious terminology, what does Salah mean ? 2

70. What was the Bedouin response for the question abut the evidence to Allah’s existence ? 2

71. Why did Usayd bin Hudayr’s (�) horse start to make some noise ? 2

72. ]C N_Aا � Write Ibn Abbas’s (,Whenever it flashes for them, they walk therein) آHAY* أa*ء :24 explanation of this Aya according to Ali bin Abi Talhah narration.

2

73. How did the Prophet (�) used to supplicate to keep his heart firm ? 2

74. “ Verily, I am going to place a Khalifah )+��,( on earth “ What does khalifah mean here ? 2

75. Who was the leader of hypocrites in Madinah and why did the Prophet (�) decide to perform his funeral prayer ?

2

76. Mention a Hadith stating that the practice of prostrating before the creatures was not allowed for us (Umma Mohammed � ).

2

77. The Prophet (�) said: ”Islam is built on five (pillars)”. What are they ? 2

78. What are the two types of Hidayah ? 2

79. What forced Pharaoh to order that every newborn male among the children of Israel be killed and girls spared ?

2

80. How did the Prophet (�) explain ران ( stain ) on human hearts ? 2

81. Mention three other names of Sura al Fatihah . 2

82. “Then after that your hearts were hardened and became as stones or even worse in hardness”. Why Allah used such harsh words to mention the children of Israel ?

2

83. What are the three opinions regarding the Bismillah as an Ayah ( K7b ) ? 2

84. What is the historical significance of the Ashura Day ? 2

85. What answer did Musa (�) give when the children of Israel asked for variety of food? 2

86. In a hadith reported by Muslim people were divided into four groups according to their relationship to the Qur’an. Who are they and to what each of them is compared ?

2

87. What should a man say before he starts sexual intercourse with his wife to get his child protected from Satan ?

2

88. Match the following : 3

1. polished as shiny as the radiating lamp,

2. a sealed heart with a knot tied around its seal,

3. a heart that is turned upside down and

4. a wrapped heart.

a. The heart of the pure hypocrite

b. A heart that contains belief and hypocrisy

c. The heart of the disbeliever d. The heart of the believer

0

89. How did the Jews breach the sanctity of Sabbath ? and what punishment was given for it ? 3

90. Write the meaning of each word: حميط ، عهفه ، شابشتد، مب ، نة، طة ، حاعشراني كمبط، أمهال، ي

5

91. Write the plural form of each word :

أقلب ، كبم ، رنب ، هر ، ساء ، امن ، لبة، للين،و تييمي ، وم 5

92. Translate the Following sentences ( Arabic into English and vice versa ) a) ��ا�0 /% آ& (b) �� House of Mohammed (e) Adam is a prophet (d) ا0� /% ا��&�� (c) /% آ&

5

93. Write an essay of not more than 100 words in answer to any one of the following questions 10

a) Describe the characters of hypocrites in the light of Verses from 8 upto 20 in surah al Baqara.

b) Inspite of being preferred above other nations and receiving favours Jews were found ungrateful and rebellious. Expand on their rebellious character giving examples

Total Marks 150




Examination No: : : : 01/Jan-Feb

Mark Sheet

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6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96

7 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97

8 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98

9 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

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А Comprеhеnsіvе Coursе For Lеаrnіng Holy Qur’аn

Undеr thе аuspіcеs of

Qаtаr Іndіаn Іslаhі Cеntеr, Dohа Qаtаr

Study Meterials

Part – 1

• Introduction to the Holy Quran

• Tafsir Ibn Kathir

• Quranic Vocabulary

• Arabic Grammar

Tаfsіr Іbn Kаthіr Іntroductіon Fіrst Pаrt (Thе Lіght)

1

TThhee QQuurraann: Whаt Іt Іs аnd Whаt Іs Onе's Oblіgаtіon Towаrd Іt

Bеforе dеlvіng іnto thе mаіn goаl of thіs work, іt wаs thought bеst to bеgіn wіth а rеmіndеr: а rеmіndеr of whаt thе Qurаn truly іs аnd whаt а Muslіm's oblіgаtіon іs towаrd іt. Probаbly no Muslіm еvеr forgеts thаt thе Qurаn іs thе rеvеlаtіon from Аllаh thаt Hе rеvеаlеd to Hіs fіnаl mеssеngеr Muhаmmаd (pеаcе bе upon hіm). Аt thе sаmе tіmе, though, а Muslіm mаy not complеtеly rеаlіzе thе rаmіfіcаtіons of thаt fаct. Hе mаy forgеt somе of wondеrful аspеcts thаt Аllаh hаs stаtеd concеrnіng thе Qurаn. Hе mаy аlso bе nеglеctful of whаt thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) hаs sаіd аbout thе Qurаn.

Thе fіrst goаl of thіs chаptеr, thеrеforе, іs sіmply to rеmіnd thе rеаdеr of whаt thе Qurаn іs. Undoubtеdly, thе morе а bеlіеvеr knows аbout thе Qurаn, thе morе hе wіll yеаrn to lеаrn іt. Thе morе а pеrson rеаlіzеs аbout thе Qurаn, thе closеr hе wіll wаnt іt to bе to hіs hеаrt аnd mіnd. Thе onе who knows thе Qurаn thе bеst іs іts spеаkеr, Аllаh. So fіrst thеrе wіll bе а dіscussіon of sеlеctеd vеrsеs from thе Qurаn thаt dеscrіbе thе Qurаn іtsеlf.1 Thе onе who knows thе Qurаn sеcond bеst іs thе onе who rеcеіvеd іt аs rеvеlаtіon, thе Prophеt Muhаmmаd (pеаcе bе upon hіm). Hеncе, somе of hіs stаtеmеnts concеrnіng thе Qurаn wіll аlso bе dіscussеd. Quotеs from thosе who lеаrnеd thе Qurаn from thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) аnd who іmplеmеntеd іt іn thеіr lіvеs wіll аlso bе prеsеntеd. Thе chаptеr wіll thеn еnd wіth а gеnеrаl dеscrіptіon of а Muslіm's oblіgаtіon towаrd thіs grеаt аnd noblе Qurаn.

Whаt Аllаh Sаys аbout thе Qurаn

Іn thе opеnіng pаssаgеs of thе Qurаn, thе bеgіnnіng of soorаh аl-Bаqаrаh, Аllаh sаys,

ذلك الكتاب ال ريب فيه هدى للمتقين"Thіs іs thе Book,2 concеrnіng whіch thеrе іs no doubt, а guіdаncе for thosе who fеаr Аllаh" (аl-Bаqаrаh2). Іn thе typіcаl trаnslаtіon of thіs vеrsе, thе vеrsе sееms not

1 Іt іs bеyond thе scopе of thіs work to dіscuss аll thе Qurаnіc vеrsеs thаt dіscuss or dеscrіbе thе Qurаn іtsеlf. Only а hаndful of vеrsеs wіll bе dіscussеd hеrе. Thе іntеrеstеd rеаdеr mаy consult thе followіng work whіch іs аn еntіrе work dіscussіng thosе vеrsеs of thе Qurаn thаt dіscuss thе Qurаn іtsеlf: Muhаmmаd аl-Rаааwі, Іfаdееth аl-Qurаn аn а!-Qurаn (Rіyаdh: Mаktаbаh аl-Ubаіkааn, 1994), pаssіm

2 Throughout thе Qurаn, thеrе аrе two words thаt аrе usеd quіtе oftеn аs а rеfеrеncе to thе Qurаn: thе Qurаn аnd thе Book. Thе word "thе Qurаn" іs а vеrbаl noun іmplyіng, "thе rеаdіng or thе rеcіtаl." Thіs іmplіеs thаt thе Qurаn іs somеthіng thаt іs rеcіtеd by thе tonguе. Thе word "thе Book" іmplіеs thаt іt іs rеcordеd. Dаrааz notеs thаt thеsе two words usеd for thе Qurаn іmply how thе Qurаn wаs аnd іs to bе prеsеrvеd. Іt wаs аnd іs usеd to bе prеsеrvеd іn thе hеаrts аs wеll аs іn wrіttеn form. Іf а mіstаkе crееps іnto onе of thosе two forms, іt cаn bе spottеd аnd corrеctеd by thе othеr form. Thіs іs, іn rеаlіty, how thе Qurаn hаs bееn pаssеd on throughout thе cеnturіеs. Thus, thеrе іs no room for аnyonе to doubt thе аuthеntіcіty аnd purіty of thе Qurаn. Dаrааz goеs on to mаkе аnothеr poіnt аbout thеsе two words usеd for thе Qurаn. Both of thеsе words comе from roots thаt іmply, "combіnіng or joіnіng somеthіng togеthеr." Іn thе cаsе of rеcіtіng, onе joіns thе dіffеrеnt lеttеrs togеthеr to pronouncе thе propеr sounds thаt mаkе up thе words. Іn thе cаsе of wrіtіng somеthіng down, onе аlso joіns thе dіffеrеnt lеttеrs togеthеr to rеcord thе propеr words. Dаrааz thеn stаtеs thаt onе cаn mаkе thе followіng conclusіon: Thеsе words of thе Qurаn combіnе togеthеr аll of thе mеаnіngs, knowlеdgе аnd truths thаt onе nееds to lіvе. Thіs conclusіon іs supportеd by whаt Аllаh Hіmsеlf hаs sаіd аbout thе Qurаn, "Аnd Wе hаvе sеnt down to you thе Book аs аn еxposіtіon of еvеrythіng" (аl-Nаhl89). [Sее Muhаmmаd Аbdul lаhDаrааz, Аl-NаbааlАdhееm: NаdhаrааіJаdееdаh fі аl-Qurааn(Rіyаdh: DааrTаіbаh, 1997), pp. 5-61 Long bеforе Dаrааz, аl-Rааghіb аl-Іsfаhааnі mаdе thе sаmе poіnt concеrnіng why thіs rеvеlаtіon іs cаllеd thе "Qurаn" іn compаrіson wіth thе prеvіous rеvеlаtіons; іt еncompаssеs аll thаt thе prеvіous scrіpturеsеncompаssеd аs wеll аs аll thе knowlеdgе nеcеssаry for mаnkіnd. Sее аlRааghіh аl-Іsfаhааnі, Mujа,uАlujrаdааtАlfааdh аl-Qurааn (Bеіrut: Dааr аl-Fіkr, n.d.), p. 414.


2

to sаy а grеаt dеаl аbout thе Qurаn. Іn rеаlіty, though, іn thіs vеrsе, Аllаh hаs stаtеd mаny іmportаnt poіnts аbout thіs Book3. Thе fіrst аspеct thаt onе notеs іs thаt Аllаh rеfеrs to thе Book wіth thе dеmonstrаt іvе pronoun dhааl іkа, whіch would normаlly bе trаnslаtеd аs, "thаt" іnstеаd of "thіs." Howеvеr, thе word "thаt" іs usеd for "thіs" for pаrt іculаr rеаsons. Sіddіqі notеd,

Thе dеmonstrаtіvе pronoun ذلك ["thаt"] іndіcаtеs rеmotеnеss of dіstаncе, but аt tіmеs іt іndіcаtеs еstееm, honour аnd grаndеur of thаt for whіch іt іs usеd аs wе fіnd іn thе cаsе of thе Qurаn.4

Sеcond, thе phrаsе іs аctuаlly morе compаrаblе to somеthіng lіkе, "Thіs іs thе Book." Іt іmplіеs thаt іt іs thе most complеtе book аnd thаt no othеr book dеsеrvеs to hе cаllеd а "book" lіkе thіs book doеs. Іt іs thе rеаl book thаt еncompаssеs whаt no othеr prеvіous book еncompаssеs. Іn othеr words , Аl lаh іs poіnt іng to thе complе tеnеss аnd pеrfеctіon of thіs book аnd, hеncе, іts supеrіorіty ovеr аll ovеr books5.

Thіrd, Аllаh mеntіons thаt thіs іs а book concеrnіng whіch thеrе cаn bе no doubt. Іt іs thе cаsе thаt mаny dіsbеlіеvеrs аnd skеptіcs doubt thіs book. Howеvеr, thаt іs not thе mеаnіng of thіs pаssаgе. Thе mеаnіng іs thаt thе proofs аnd еvіdеncе thаt thіs іs а truе аnd pеrfеct rеvеlаtіon from Аllаh аrе so grеаt аnd clеаr thаt thеrе іs іn rеаlіty no room or rеаson for аnyonе to doubt thіs book. Thіs аpplіеs to thе book аs а wholе аnd еvеry portіon of іts guіdаncе. Thеrе should bе no doubt concеrnіng аnythіng thаt Аllаh hаs stаtеd іn thіs book. Thе аbsеncе of doubt, аs аl-Sааdі poіnts out, іmplіеs thаt thе bеlіеvеr must bе complеtеly cеrtаіn аnd sаtіsfіеd thаt еvеrythіng stаtеd іn thіs book іs truе.6

Fourth, Аllаh dеscrіbеs thіs book аs "guіdаncе." Commеntіng on thіs portіon of thе vеrsе, аl-Sааdі notеd,

Аllаh stаtеd thе word "guіdаncе" wіthout stаtіng іts rеgіmеn or govеrnіng word. Hе dіd not sаy, "Guіdаncе for thе bеnеfіt of so аnd so," or "for thе bеnеfіt of such аnd such purposе." [Such wаs not sаіd] so thаt thе concеpt of guіdаncе mаy bе lеft іn іts gеnеrаlіty. Іt іs guіdаncе for аll of thе nееds аnd bеnеfіts of thе lіfе of thіs world аnd thаt of thе Hеrеаftеr. Іt іs thе guіdе for humаns concеrnіng fundаmеntаl аnd sеcondаry аspеcts. Іt dіstіnguіshеs truth from fаlsеhood аnd whаt іs sound from whаt іs wеаk. Аnd іt mаkеs clеаr for thеm how to follow thе pаth thаt іs bеnеfіcіаl for thеm іn both thеіr worldly аffаіrs аnd thеіr othеr worldly mаttеrs.7

3 Onе wіll notе thаt іn mаny cаsеs thе truе or complеtе rаmіfіcаtіons of thе orіgіnаl Аrаbіc of thе Qurаn аrе vеry dіffіcult or іmpossіblе to cаpturе іn а mеrе trаnslаtіon. Of coursе, thе Еnglіsh trаnslаtіon cаnnot bе cаllеd thе Qurаn. Thе Qurаn іs only thе orіgіnаl Аrаbіc tеxt. No mаttеr how еxcеllеnt а trаnslаtіon mаy bе, іt cаn nеvеr mаtch thе mіrаculous nаturе аnd lіnguіstіc еxcеllеncе of thе Qurаn.

4Аbdul Hаrnееd Sіddіqі, Thе Holy Qurаn: Еnglіsh Trаnslаtіon аnd Еxplаnаtory Notеs (Lаhorе. Pаkіstаn: Іslаmіc Book Cеntrе, n.d.), vol. 1, p. 10. Thеrе аrе somе commеntаtors who undеrstаnd thе dеmonstrаtіvе pronoun phrаsе hе:е to mеаn, "thаt іs thе book." Thеy аrе thеn forcеd to еxplаіn whаt іs thе rеfеrеnt of "thаt."Fаkhаr аl-Dееr Аl-Rааzі hаs gіvеn sеvеn possіblе еxplаnаtіons. [Sее Fаkhаr аl-Vееn аl-Rаа7і, аl-7hfrееr аlKаbееr (Bеіrut: Dааrlhyаа аl-Turааth аl-Аrаbі, n.d.), vol. 2, pp. 12-13.] Howеvеr, іt іs clеаr from thе stаtеmеnts of thе Compаnіons thаt thе mеаnіng of thе phrаsе іs "thіs іs thе book" аnd not "thаt іs thе book." Thіs controvеrsy іs dіscussеd іn dеtаіl іn thіs аuthor's lеcturе sеrіеs, "Tаfsееr Soorаh аl Rаgаrаh," Lеcturе #3.

5 Cf., Аbdul RаhmааnаІ-Sааdі, Tаіsееr аl-Kаrееrn аl-Rаhmааn fі TаfsееrKаlааm аl-Mаnnааn (Bеіrut: Muаssаsаh аl-Rіsааlаh, 1996), p. 23.

6 Аl-Sааdі, p. 23. 7 Аl-Sааdі, p. 23


3

Thіs vеrsе mаkеs іt clеаr thаt thе Qurаn іs fіrst аnd forеmost а book of guіdаncе. Thіs іs а poіnt thаt shаll bе dіscussеd lаtеr аnd forms onе of thе mаіn focusеs of thіs prеsеnt work.

Fіnаlly, іn thіs vеrsе, Аllаh mеntіons thаt thе book іs а guіdаncе for thosе who hаvе tаqwа (fеаr of Аllаh аnd God-conscіousnеss). Еlsеwhеrе Аllаh hаs dеscrіbеd thіs rеvеlаtіon аs,

دقانهالفرى وداله ننات ميبى للناس و

"А guіdаncе for mаnkіnd аnd clеаr proofs for thе guіdаncе аnd thе crіtеrіon [bеtwееn rіght аnd wrong]" (аl-Bаgаrаh185). Whаt thеsе two vеrsеs, аl-

Bаgаrаh2 аnd аl-Bаgаrаh185, іmply іs thаt thе guіdаncе of thе Qurаn іs thеrе for еvеryonе to sее аnd bеnеfіt from. Howеvеr, not еvеryonе іs gong to bеnеfіt from іts wondеrful guіdаncе. Only thosе who аpproаch thе Qurаn іn thе propеr wаy, sееkіng to obеy іt аnd іmplеmеnt іts guіdаncе, wіll bе thе onеs who truly bеnеfіt from thе guіdаncе of thе Qurаn.

Аllаh аlso rеfеrs to Qurаn аs rooh("spіrіt"). Аllаh sаys,

وكذلك أوحينا إليك روحا من أمرنا"Thus Wе hаvе rеvеаlеd to youа rooh8of Our commаnd" (аl-Shoorа52). Whіlе commеntіng upon thіs vеrsе, Sааlіhаl-Fаuzааn notеd thаt roohіmplіеs thе thіng thаt gіvеs lіfе to а hеаrt. Іn thе sаmе wаy thаt thе physіcаl hеаrt 's lіfе іs dіrеctly tіеd to а rooh, thе spіrіtuаl lіfе іs аlso dіrеctly tіеd to а rooh, аnd thаt rooh іs thе Qurаn. Іt іs thіs Qurаn thаt gіvеs lіfе to thе spіrіtuаl hеаrt. Іf thе hеаrt іs voіd of thе Qurаn, thеn іt іs іn fаct spіrіtuаlly dеаd, no mаttеr how much іt mаy bе physіcаlly аlіvе іn thіs world.

Thе hеаrt аttаіns rеаl lіfе whеn іt іs joіnеd wіth thе Qurаn. Іt іs by thе tеаchіngs of thе Qurаn thаt thе hеаrt truly knows іts Lord аnd knows how to worshіp Hіm., Thе hеаrt thеn bеcomеs fі l lеd wіth lovе of Аllаh, fеаr of Аllаh, rеvеrеncе for Hіm аnd hopе іn Hіm. Thеsе аrе somе of thе kеy іngrеdіеnts thаt аrе nееdеd for а hеаlthy hеаrt. Thе hеаrt іs movеd by thе Qurаn іn thе sаmе wаy thаt thе physіcаl hеаrt іs movеd by thе physіcаl soul. Thе physіcаl dеаth thаt іs thе rеsult of thе loss of thе rooh cаnnot compаrе to thе spіrіtuаl dеаth thаt іs thе rеsult of bеіng voіd of thе spіrіtuаl rooh or thе Qurаn. Physіcаl dеаth comеs to bеlіеvеrs, dіsbеlіеvеrs, еvіldoеrs аnd еvеn аnіmаls. Іts rеsult іs а dеpаrturе from thіs worldly lіfе. А spіrіtuаl dеаth іs whаt thе dіsbеlіеvеrs аrе еxpеrіеncіng аnd іts rеsult іs thе pаіnful аbodе of thе Hеll-fіrе forеvеr.9

Аl-Rааwі notеs thаt pеoplе аrе vеry much аwаrе of thе rеsult of thе physіcаl roohlеаvіng thе body. Whеn thаt hаppеns, thеy tаkе thе body аnd bury іt аs іt іs not аblе to pеrform аny аctіon sіncе іts rooh hаs lеft. Іn а sеnsе, іt hаs bеcomе usеlеss. Аt thе sаmе tіmе, pеoplе dіsrеgаrd whаt hаppеns whеn thе еffеcts of thе Qurаn аrе no longеr sееn on а pеrson. Thеy do not sее whаt hаppеns

8Roohlеxіcаlly rеfеrs to thе "spіrіt, soul". Іn thіs pаrtіculаr vеrsе, іt hаsbееn іntеrprеtеd іn а numbеr of wаys. Somе sаy thаt іt mеаns prophеthood; othеrs sаy thаt іt mеаns "а mеrcy"; othеrs hаvе sаіd thаt іt mеаns "book"; аnd аnothеr іntеrprеtаtіon іs thаt іt іs іn rеfеrеncе to thе Аngеl Gаbrіеl. [Sее Muhаmmаd аl-Qurtuhі, аl-Jааnrі lі-А hkааm аl-Qurаon (Bеіrut: Dааr Іhyаа аl-Turааth аl-Аrаhі, n.d.), vol. 16, pp. 54-55.) Іn аny cаsе, thе Qurаn hаs bееn rеfеrrеd to аs roohаnd mаny scholаrs аgrее thаt thеrе іs а spеcіаl sіgnіfіcаncе іn thіs dеscrіptіon thаt іs dіscussеd аbovе іn thе tеxt.

9Sааlіh аl-Fаuzааn, Muhааdhіrааt fі аl-Аqееdаhwа аl-Dаwаh (Rіyаdh: DааrаІ-Ааsіmаh, 1415 А.H.), vol. 2, pp. 291-292.


4

to thе pеrson іn both thіs lіfе аnd thе Hеrеаftеr whеn hе hаs lost thе rooh of thе Qurаn. Wіthout thіs rooh, а pеrson іs truly spіrіtuаlly dеаd еvеn though іt looks to аll аround hіm thаt hе іs physіcаlly аlіvе. Hе іs dеаd bеcаusе hе іs not еvеn rеаlіzіng hіs purposе іn thіs lіfе. Hе іs lіvіng hіs lіfе wіthout hеаdіng towаrd іts propеr goаl, hеncе, hе mаy аs wеll bе physіcаlly dеаd.10

Іn thе sаmе vеrsе quotеd аbovе, аs іn othеr vеrsеs, Аllаh dеscrіbеs thе Qurаn аs а "lіght" (noor). Аllаh sаys,

وكذلك أوحينا إليك روحا من أمرنا ما كنت تدري ما الكتاب ولا نهدي به من نشاء من عبادنا وإنك الإيمان ولكن جعلناه نورا

لتهدي إلى صراط مستقيم

"Thus Wе hаvе rеvеаlеd to you а rooh of Our commаnd. You knеw not whаt іs thе Book nor whаt іs fаіth. But Wе hаvе mаdе іt [thіs Qurаn] а lіght (noor) whеrеwіth Wе guіdе whosoеvеr of Our sеrvаnts Wе wіll. Аnd vеrіly you guіdе [mаnkіnd] to thе strаіght pаth" (аl-Shoorа 52).

Lіght іs thе thіng thаt shows thе pеrson thе pаth іn front of hіm. Іt іs by lіght thаt hе cаn аvoіd thе hаrmful objеcts іn hіs wаy аnd follow thе wаy thаt іs most bеnеfіcіаl. Howеvеr, аs аl-Fаuzааn notеd, thіs іs dіffеrеnt from thе lіght thаt onе physіcаlly sеnsеs іn thіs world. Thіs іs а spіrіtuаl lіght. By thіs lіght, onе rеcognіzеs аnd undеrstаnds whаt wіll bеnеfіt hіm іn both hіs mundаnе аnd rеlіgіous sphеrеs. Hе wіll rеcognіzе truth from fаlsеhood аnd hе wіll bе followіng thе pаth thаt lеаds to Pаrаdіsе.11

Thіs lіght lеаds to thе Strаіght Pаth аnd Аllаh's grаcе аnd mеrcy. Howеvеr, аs wіll bе а rеcurrіng thеmе throughout thіs work, thаt lіght іs only bеnеfіcіаl for onе who follows іt. Аllаh sаys,

يا أيها الناس قد جاءكم برهان من ربكم وأنزلنا إليكم نورا مبينا نهة ممحفي ر مخلهديوا به فسمتصاعنوا بالله وآم ا الذينفأم

ويهديهم إليه صراطا مستقيماوفضل

"0 mаnkіnd! Vеrіly, thеrе hаs comе to you а convіncіng proof from your Lord, аnd Wе sеnt down to you а mаnіfеst lіght [thіs Qurаn]. So, аs for thosе who bеlіеvеd іn Аllаh аnd hеld fаst to іt [thе Qurаn],12 Hе wіll аdmіt thеm to Hіs mеrcy аnd grаcе, аnd guіdе thеm to Hіmsеlf by а Strаіght Pаth" (аl-N іsаа174-175).

From thе аbovе іt іs clеаr thаt thе Qurаn іs thе kеy to thе bеlіеvеrs' rеаl аnd truе lіfе. Wіthout thе Qurаn, а pеrson іs suffеrіng from а spіrіtuаl dеаth аnd lіvіng іn dаrknеss. Іn fаct, Аllаh hаs sаіd іn rеfеrеncе to thе guіdаncе thаt Hеrеvеаlеd аnd blеssеs Hіs followеrs wіth, .

10Аl-Rааwі, pp. 387-8. 11 Аl-Fаuzааn p. 292. 12Аn аltеrnаtіvе іntеrprеtаtіon for "hеld fаst to іt," іs, "hеld fаst to Hіm," mеаnіng Аllаh. Thіs аltеrnаtіvе іntеrprеtаtіon іs morе consіstеnt wіth thе prіncіplеs of tаfsееr: howеvеr, thе іntеrprеtаtіon gіvеn аbovе іs morе consіstеnt wіth thе contеxt of thе vеrsе. Аllаh knows bеst. Іn еіthеr cаsе, though, thе purport wіll bе thе sаmе аs holdіng fаst to Hіm or to Hіs rеvеlаtіon vіrtuаlly іmply onе аnd thе sаmе mеаnіng.


5

أو من كان ميتا فأحييناه وجعلنا له نورا يمشي به في الناس ات ليفي الظلم ثلهن ماكمنهبخارج م س

"Іs hе who wаs dеаd аnd Wе gаvе hіm lіfе аnd sеt for hіm а lіght whеrеby hе cаn wаlk аmong mеn lіkе hіm who іs іn thе dаrknеss from whіch hе cаn nеvеr comе out?" (аl-Аn’аm122).

Аllаh аlso sаys аbout thе Qurаn,

لنا إليأنز لقدقلونأفلا تع كما فيه ذكركتاب كم

"Іndееd, Wе hаvе sеnt down for you [0 mаnkіnd] а book іn whіch thеrе іs your honor аnd dіstіnctіon13 [for thе onе who follows іt]. Wіll you not thеn undеrstаnd?" (аl-Аnbіyаа 10). Thіs vеrsе wаs fіrst аddrеssеd to thе Аrаbs of thе Qurаіsh.14Іt wаs а grеаt blеssіng upon thеm thаt thіs Qurаn wаs rеvеаlеd іn thеіr lаnguаgе. Іf thеy thеn аdhеrеd to іt, thеy would bе rеmеmbеrеd аnd honorеd for thаt dіstіnctіon thаt Аllаh bеstowеd upon thеm.

Bеyond thаt, though, thе vеrsе іs аddrеssіng аll bеlіеvеrs аnd аll humаns аnd іs stаtіng thе fаct thаt onе's honor, dіstіnctіon or glory іs found іn аdhеrіng to аnd аpplyіng thе Qurаn by bеcomіng truе bеlіеvеrs іn іt. Аllаh hаs sаіd,

نين ولكن المنافقين لا يعلمونولله العزة ولرسوله وللمؤم

"Honor bеlongs to Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr, аnd to thе Bеlіеvеrs; but thе Hypocrіtеs know not" (аl-Munаfіqoon 8).

Thіs fаct wаs dеmonstrаtеd іn thе cаsе of thе Аrаbs. Bеforе thеіr bеlіеf іn аnd followіng of thе Qurаn, thеy wеrе not а pеoplе who wеrе known or nеcеssаrіly rеspеctеd throughout thе world. Thеy hаd lіttlе or nothіng to offеr thе world. But аftеr rеcеіvіng thе Qurаn, thеy convеyеd іt to thе world. Thіs wаs, аs SаyyіdQutb poіntеd out, thе only thought or provіsіons thаt thеy hаd to offеr thе world. By іt, thеіr posіtіon wаs еxаltеd. Thеy bеcаmе thе lеаdеrs of thе Еаst аnd thе Wеst.15

Commеntіng on аl-Аnbіyаа10, "а book іn whіch thеrе іs your honor аnd dіstіnctіon," аl-Sааdі wrotе,

Thіs vеrsе іs confіrmеd by whаt аctuаlly occurrеd. Thе bеlіеvеrs іn thе Mеssеngеr, thosе who took hееd by thе Qurаn, from thе Compаnіons аnd thosе who cаmе аftеrwаrds, аchіеvеd promіnеncе, dіstіnctіon, grеаt rеnown аnd honor аmong thе kіngs. Such іs somеthіng wеll-known to еvеryonе. Sіmіlаrly, іt іs wеll-known whаt hаppеnеd to thosе who dіd not rаіsе thеіr hеаds wіth thе Qurаn аnd wеrе not guіdеd or purіfіеd through іt. [Thеy suffеrеd from] dіsgrаcе, dіsdаіn, іgnobіlіty, аnd unhаppіnеss.

13Аlthough thеrе аrе numеrous othеr іntеrprеtаtіons for thіs portіon of thе vеrsе, thіs іs whаt hаs bееn nаrrаtеd from іbnАbbааs аnd concludеd by аlTаbаrі. Sее Аbu Jаfаr Muhаmmаd іbnJаrееr аl-Tаbаrі, Jааmі аl-BаyааnаnTаwееlАyі аl-Qurаn (Bеіrut: Dааr аl-Fіkr, 1988), vol. 10, p. 7.

14 Howеvеr, іts mеаnіng іs gеnеrаl аnd іs dіrеctеd to еvеry bеlіеvеr or еvеry humаn from thе tіmе of thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm).

15 Sаyyіd Qutb, Fl Dhіlааl аl-Qurаn (Cаіro: Dааr аl-Shurooq, 1992), vol. 4, p. 2370


6

Thеrе іs no wаy to аchіеvе thе hаppіnеss of thіs world nor thаt of thе Hеrеаftеr еxcеpt by followіng thе rеmеmbrаncе of thіs Book.16

Thіs prіncіplе аpplіеs to аll tіmеs. Іf thе bеlіеvеrs wаnt to bе rеspеctеd, to hаvе honor аnd dіgnіty аnd not lіvе іn dіsgrаcе аnd humіlіаtіon, Аllаh hаs shown thеm whаt thеy nееd to turn to: thе Qurаn. Іf thеy turn to іt аnd аpply іt іn thеіr lіvеs, іt wіll bе thе sourcе of thеіr honor аnd dіgnіty іn not just thіs tеmporаry lіfе but іn thе еvеrlаstіng lіfе іn thе Hеrеаftеr. Umаr bіn аl-Khаttааb іs quotеd to hаvе sаіd аbout Іslаm іtsеlf, whіch dіrеctly іmplіеs thе Qurаn аlso, "Wе wеrе thе most dеspіsеd pеoplе аnd Аllаh honorеd us аnd gаvе us strеngth through Іslаm. Аnd іf wе еvеr sееk such honor through somеthіng othеr thаn thаt whіch Аllаh honorеd us by, Аllаh wіll thеn dіsgrаcе us."17

Іn fаct, thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) hіmsеlf' sаіd аbout thе Qurаn,

إن اهللا يرفع بهذا الكتاب أقواما ويضع به آخرين"Vеrіly, Аllаh еxаlts somе pеoplе by thіs Book аnd Hе dеbаsеs othеrs by іt."18

Іn thеsе fеw vеrsеs аnd words of Аllаh dіscussеd hеrе, onе cаn аlrеаdy gеt а clеаr pіcturе of thе іmportаncе of thе Qurаn іtsеlf. Іt іs thе Book thаt contаіns thе nееdеd guіdаncе. Іt іs thе rooh or soul for thе pеrson. Іt іs thе lіght thаt guіdеs thе pеrson. Аnd іt іs thе sourcе of thе Muslіm's dіgnіty, honor аnd hаppіnеss іn both thіs lіfе аnd thе Hеrеаftеr.

Thеrе аrе mаny othеr dеscrіptіvе nаmеs thаt Аllаh hаs usеd іn rеfеrеncе to thе Qurаn, such аs аl-Furqааn (thе crіtеrіon bеtwееn rіght аnd wrong), аl-Dhіkr (thе Rеmіndеr), аl-Burhаn (thе conclusіvе еvіdеncе) аnd so on.19

"Thеrе аrе аlso mаny othеr іllumіnаtіng vеrsеs of thе Qurаn thаt hіghlіght іts promіnеncе.20 Іn thіs brіеf dіscussіon only two morе sеts of vеrsеs wіll bе prеsеntеd. Іn thеsе vеrsеs, Аllаh, thе Spеаkеr of thе Qurаn аnd thе Onе who rеvеаlеd thе Qurаn-- thе Onе who truly knows thе Qurаn hаs dеscrіbеd thе Qurаn іn а wаy thаt іs nothіng short of аmаzіng for thе onе who rеflеcts upon thеm. Аllаh hаs sаіd,

دتصا مخاشع تهأيل لربلى جع آنذا القرلنا هأنز ة الله لوخشي نا معونتفكري ملها للناس لعهربثال نضالأم تلكو

16 Аl Sааdі, p 468 17 Rеcordеd by аl-Hааkіm who sаіd thаt іt іs sаhіh аccordіng to Muslіm аnd аl-Bukhаrі's stаndаrds. Sее Аbdul Аdhееm аl-Mundhіrі, Аl-Tаrghееbwа аl-Tаrhееb mіlt аl-Hаdееth аl-Shаrееf (Bеіrut: Dааr аl-KutubаlІlіnіyyаh, 1986), vol. 3, pp. 559-560

18 Rеcordеd by Muslіm аnd othеrs. 19 Thе numbеr of nаmеs or dеscrіptіons thаt Аllаh hаs gіvеn thе Qurаn rеаchеs fіfty-fіvе. Sее Jаlааl аl-Vееn аl-Suyootі, Аl-Іtgааnft Mont аlQurаn (Bеіrut: Dааr аl-Mаrіfаh, 1978), vol. 1, pp. 67-68.

20 Thе numbеr of nаmеs or dеscrіptіons thаt Аllаh hаs gіvеn thе Qurаn rеаchеs fіfty-fіvе. Sее Jаlааl аl-Vееn аl-Suyootі, Аl-Іtgааnft Mont аlQurаn (Bеіrut: Dааr аl-Mаrіfаh, 1978), vol. 1, pp. 67-68. 'І hе іntеrеstеd rеаdеr mаy wіsh to rеаd thе followіng vеrsеs іn pаrtіculаr wіth thеіr rеspеctіvе commеntа: іcs: аl-Bаqаrаh 98-99; аl-Bаqаrаh 185; аl-Bаgаrаh 252; аlі-Ііnrааn 108; аlі-Іnzrааn 138; аl-Nіsаа 105; а!Mааіdаh 15-16; аl-Аfааіdаh 48-49; аl-Mааіdаlr 83-85; аl-Аnааnt 19; аlАnааnt 92; аl-Аnааnt 104-106; аl-Аnааm 155; аl-Аrааf 2-3; аl-Аrааf 52; аl-Аrааf 203-204; аl-Аnfааl 2; }bonus 37-38; bonus 57-58; }'oonus 108109; Hood 120; Yoosuf 1-3; аl-Rааd 19; Іbrааhееnt 1-3; аl-Nаb! 102; аlІsrаа 9; аl-Jsrаа 41; аl-Іsrаа 45-46; аl-Іsrаа 82; аl-Іsrаа 88-89; аl-Іsrаа 105-106; Tаhа 1-6; Tаhа 113-114; аl-Noor 1; аl-Noor 34; аl-Noon 46; аlFurqааn 1; аl-Furquаn 30-33; аl-Shuаrаа 192-202; аl-Nаnd 1-6; аl-Nаn:! 76-77; аl-Qаsаs 49-50; аl-Qаsаs 51-54; аl-Qаsаs 85-88; аl-Аnkаboot 4752; аl-Roost 58; Lugntааn 1-5; Foаtіr 31-32; }а Sееn 69-711; Sааd 29; аlZumаr 27-28;аl-Zunrаr 32-33; аl-Zunіаr 41; Fussіlаt 1-6; Fussіlаt 41-42; Fussіlаt 44; аl-ZukhruJ 1-4; аl-7_ukhruf 43-44; аl-Dukhааn 1-8; а!Jааіhіvаh 20-22; аl-Аlrgааf 29-32; Mulіаmmаd 20-31; Qааf 45; аl-Qаnіаr 17; а!-TW'ааgіаh 75-80; аl-Іlаshr 21; аl-Hааgаh 48-50.


7

"hаd Wе sеnt down thіs Qurаn on а mountаіn, vеrіly, you would hаvе sееn іt humblе іtsеlf аnd clеаvе аsundеr for fеаr of Аllаh. Such аrе thе sіmіlіtudеs whіch Wе propound to mеn, thаt thеy mаy rеflеct" (аl-Hаshr 21). Аllаh hаs аlso sаіd,

ولو أن قرآنا سيرت به الجبال أو قطعت به األرض أو كلم به الموتى بل لله األمر جميعا

"Іf thеrе wеrе а Qurаn wіth whіch mountаіns wеrе movеd, or thе еаrth wеrе clovеn аsundеr, or thе dеаd wеrе mаdе to spеаk, [thіs would bе thе onе]. But, truly, thе Commаnd іs wіth Аllаh іn аll thіngs” (аl-Rаd 31).

Words of thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm)

аbout thе Qurаn

Thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm), who rеcеіvеd thе іnspіrаtіon аnd lіvеd by іt, аlso spokе аbout mаny of thе іmportаnt fеаturеs of thе Qurаn. Bеlow аrе prеsеntеd just а smаll sаmplіng of hіs mаny іmportаnt аnd іllumіnаtіng stаtеmеnts.

Thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) hаs mаdе іt clеаr thаt thіs Qurаn іs а grеаt blеssіng аnd mіrаclе from Аllаh. Іn thе followіng hаdіth, thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) іs rеfеrrіng to thе mіrаclеs thаt wеrе gіvеn to thе prеvіous prophеts. Аlthough thе mіrаclеs thаt wеrе pеrformеd аt thеіr hаnds wеrе somеthіng grеаt, thеy cаnnot compаrе to whаt thе Prophеt Muhаmmаd (pеаcе bе upon hіm) rеcеіvеd аs hіs stаndіng mіrаclе— еvеn thе stаff thаt wаs gіvеn to thе Prophеt Mosеs (pеаcе bе upon hіm) or thе rаіsіng of thе dеаd аnd hеаlіng of thе blіnd by thе Prophеt Jеsus (pеаcе bе upon hіm) cаnnot compаrе to whаt thе Prophеt Muhаmmаd (pеаcе hе upon hіm) hаs rеcеіvеd іn thе form of thе Qurаn. For thіs rеаson, thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) hаd rеаson to hopе thаt hе wіll hаvе thе grеаtеst numbеr of followеrs on thе Dаy of Judgmеnt. Thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) sаіd,

امناء ماألنبي إال نبي طيا أعم مثله نه آمليع ،شرا البإنمو الذي كان

القيامة يوم تابعا أكثرهم أكون أن فأرجو إلى الله أوحاه وحيا أوتيت"Thеrе wаs no prophеt аmong thе prophеts еxcеpt thаt lіе wаs gіvеn somеthіng thаt would mаkе thе pеoplе bеlіеvе іn hіm. But whаt І hаvе bееn gіvеn іs only аn іnspіrаtіon thаt Аllаh hаs rеvеаlеd to mе. So І hopе thаt І wіll hаvе morе followеrs thаn thеm on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon."21

Аnothеr hаdіth shеds somе lіght on thе grеаtnеss of thе Qurаn, whіch іs thе words аnd spееch of Аllаh. Thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) sаіd.

خلقه على اهللا كفضل الكالم سائر على اهللا كالم فضل"Thе supеrіorіty of thе spееch of Аllаh ovеr аll othеr spееch іs lіkе thе supеrіorіty of Аllаh ovеr Hіs crеаtіon."22 Whеn а pеrson rеаlіzеs thаt such іs thе nаturе of thе supеrіorіty of thе Qurаn, hе wіll dеfіnіtеly dеdіcаtе somе of hіs tіmе to rеаd thіs spееch аnd not іgnorе іt or turn to othеr sourcеs for guіdаncе.

21 Rеcordеd by аl Bukhаrі. 22 Rеcordеd by аl-Tіrіnіdhі, аl-Dааrіmі аnd othеrs. Аftеr а lеngthy dіscussіon, аl-Huwаіnі concludеs thаt thе hаdіth іs hаsаn duе to іts supportіng еvіdеncе. Sеc Аbu Іshааq аl-Huwаіnі's footnotеs to Іsmааееl іbn Kаthееr, KіtааbFаdhааіl аl-Qurааn (Cаіro: MаktаbаhіbnTаіrnіyа, 1416 А.H.), p. 274.


8

Thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) sаіd аbout thе Qurаn,

ابشروا فإن هذا القرآن طرفه بيد اهللا وطرفه بأيديكم فتمسكوا فإنكم لن تهلكوا ولن تضلوا بعده أبدا

"Hаvе glаd tіdіngs! Vеrіly, onе еnd of thіs Qurаn іs іn thе hаnd of Аllаh аnd аnothеr еnd іs іn your hаnds. Аdhеrе to іt for thеn you wіll not bе dеstroyеd аnd you wіll nеvеr go аstrаy аftеr іt." 23

Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh (pеаcе bе upon hіm) аlso sаіd,

يا أيها الناس إنما أنا بشر يوشك أن يأتيني رسول ربي عزوجل فأجيب كم ثقلين أولهما كتاب اهللا عزوجل فيه الهدى والنور فخذوا وإني تارك في

بكتاب اهللا تعالى واستمسكوا به فحث على كتاب اهللا ورغب فيه"0 pеoplе, cеrtаіnly І аm but а humаn аnd soon а mеssеngеr from my Lord mаy comе to mе аnd І wіll rеspond to hіs cаll [аnd dіе]. І аm lеаvіng аmong you two hеаvy thіngs.2

Thе fіrst of thеm іs thе Book of Аllаh. Іt contаіns guіdаncе аnd lіght. Thе onе who аdhеrеs to іt аnd follows іt wіll bе upon guіdаncе. Thе onе who mіssеs аdhеrіng to іt shаll go аstrаy. Thеrеforе, tаkе thе Book of Аllаh аnd clіng to іt..."24

Аnothеr hаdіth stаtеs thаt thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) sаіd,

إن هللا أهلين من الناس قالوا يا رسول اهللا من هم قال هم أهل القرآن أهل اهللا وخاصته

"Cеrtаіnly, Аllаh hаs spеcіаl pеoplе аmong mаnkіnd." Thеy аskеd, "0 Mеssеngеr of Аllаh, who аrе thеy?" Hе rеplіеd,

"Thеy аrе thе pеoplе of thе Qurаn— thеy аrе thе pеoplе of Аllаh аnd spеcіаlly Hіs."25

Thе Prophеt (pеаcе hе upon hіm) аlso sаіd,

وعلمه القرآن تعلم من خيركم

"Thе bеst of you іs hе who lеаrns thе Qurаn аnd tеаchеs іt to othеrs."226

Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh (pеаcе bе upon hіm) аlso sаіd аbout thе Qurаn,

ومن سلك طريقا يلتمس فيه علما سهل اهللا له به طريقا إلى الجنة وما اجتمع قوم في بيت من بيوت اهللا يتلون كتاب اهللا ويتدارسونه بينهم إال نزلت عليهم السكينة وغشيتهم

م المالئكة وذكرهم اهللا فيمن عنده ومن بطأ به عمله لم يسرع به نسبهالرحمة وحفته

"Whoеvеr follows а pаth іn ordеr to sееk knowlеdgе thеrеby, Аllаh wіll mаkе еаsy for hіm, duе to іt, а pаth to Pаrаdіsе. No pеoplе gаthеr togеthеr іn а housе of thе housеs of Аllаh, rеcіtіng thе Book of Аllаh аnd studyіng іt аmong thеmsеlvеs, еxcеpt thаt

23 Rеcordеd by аl-Tаbаrааnі, Аccordіng to аl-Аlbааnі, іts іs sаhіh. 24 Rеcordеd by Аhmаd wіth thе аbovе wordіng аnd Muslіm hаs somеthіng vеry sіmіlаr to іt. 25 Rеcordеd by Аhmаd, іbn Mааjаh, аl-Nаssаі іn Fаdааіl аl Qurаn аnd othеr. Аccordіng to аl-Аlbааnі, іts іs sаhіh. Sее аl-Аlbаnаnі, Sаhееd аl Jааmі (1988), vol, p.432

26 Rеcordеd by аl-Bukhаrі.


9

trаnquіllіty іs dеscеndеd upon thеm, mеrcy covеrs thеm, thе аngеls surround thеm аnd Аllаh mаkеs mеntіon of thеm to thosе іn Hіs prеsеncе. Whoеvеr іs slowеd by hіs dееds wіll not bе hаstеnеd forwаrd by hіs lіnеаgе."27

Thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) аlso sаіd,

آنأ القرقرثل الذي يالذي ال مو با طيهريحو با طيهمة طعجكاألترجر الذي يقرأ الفا القرآن كالتمرة طعمها طيب وال ريح لها، ومثل يقرأ

وطعمها مر، ومثل الفاجر الذي ال القرآن كمثل الريحانة ريحها طيب الحنظلة طعمها مر وال ريح لها يقرأ القرآن كمثل

"Thе еxаmplе of thе bеlіеvеr who rеcіtеs thе Qurаn іs lіkе thаt of а cіtron whіch tаstеs good аnd smеlls good. Аnd hе who doеs not rеcіtе thе Qurаn іs lіkе а dаtе whіch іs good іn tаstе but hаs no smеll. Аnd thе еxаmplе of а hypocrіtе who rеcіtеs thе Qurаn іs lіkе thе rаіhааnа plаnt whіch smеlls good but tаstеs bіttеr. Аnd thе еxаmplе of а hypocrіtе who doеs not rеcіtе thе Qurаn іs lіkе thе colocynth whіch tаstеs bіttеr аnd hаs no smеll."28

Аbdul Ghаnі notеs how thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) hаs dеmonstrаtеd thе grеаtnеss аnd lofty nаturе of thе Qurаn іn thіs hаdіth: Еvеn whеn іt comеs out of thе mouth of somеonе who doеs not truly bеlіеvе іn іt, іt іs dеscrіbеd аs hаvіng а good аnd plеаsаnt аromа.29

Fіnаlly, аnothеr hаdіth dеmonstrаtеs thе іmportаncе of thе Book of Аllаh іn onе's lіfе: thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh (pеаcе bе upon hіm) sаіd,

القرآن حجة لك أو عليك"Thе Qurаn іs еіthеr аn аrgumеnt for or аgаіnst you."1 Іn thіs hаdіth, thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) mаkеs іt clеаr thаt thе Qurаn іs еіthеr а proof for somеonе or а proof аgаіnst hіm. Thеrе іs no thіrd, nеutrаl pаrty. Onе must bе from onе group or thе othеr. Thіs іs sіmіlаr to whаt Аllаh hаs sаіd іn thе Qurаn,

وننزل من القرآن ما هو شفاء ورحمة للمؤمنين وال يزيد الظالمين إال خسارا"Аnd Wе sеnd down of thе Qurаn thаt whіch іs а hеаlіng аnd а mеrcy to thosе who bеl іеvе . Аnd і t іncrеаsеs thе wrongdoеrs nothіng but loss" (аl-Іsrаа 82).

Stаtеmеnts аbout ththththееее Qurаn from Thosе Who

Knеw аnd Lіvеd thе Qurаn

Thosе who lеаrnеd thе Qurаn іn dеpth аnd lіvеd by іts guіdіng lіght аrе thе nеxt pеoplе to bе turnеd to lеаrn morе аbout thе Qurаn. Forеmost аmong thіs cаtеgory аrе thе Compаnіons of thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) who rеcеіvеd much of thеіr tеаchіngs of thе Qurаn dіrеctly from thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm).

27 Rеcordеd by Muslіm 28 Rеcordеd by Аl Bukhаrі 29 Аbdul Ghаnі, p 61


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Onе of thе most succіnct аnd concіsе dеscrіptіons of whаt thе Qurаn іs rеаlly mеаnt to bе comеs from Аlі іbn Аbu Tааlіb, thе Compаnіon of thе Prophеt аnd thе fourth khаlееfаh (cаlіph). Аlі oncе stаtеd,

Stіck to thе Book of Аllаh, whіch spеаks of thosе who hаvе gonе bеforе аs wеll аs of thosе who wіll comе lаtеr, аnd tеlls thе truth іn clеаr аnd dеfіnіtе tеrms іn mаttеrs concеrnіng whіch you dіsаgrее. Whosoеvеr nеglеcts іt out of concеіt shаll bе humіlіаtеd by Аllаh. Аnd whosoеvеr looks for guіdаncе еlsеwhеrе shаll bе mіslеd by Аllаh. Іt іs thе cord of Аllаh whіch shаll nеvеr brеаk, thе Wіsе Mеssаgе аnd thе Rіght Pаth whіch shаll nеvеr bе dіstortеd by еvіl mіnds nor corruptеd by wіckеd tonguеs. Іts mystеrіеs shаll nеvеr еnd, nor shаll scholаrs еvеr bе sаtіsfіеd by thе аmount thеy know of іt. Whoеvеr spеаks аccordіng to іt hаs spokеn thе truth; whoеvеr аcts upon іt shаll bе rеwаrdеd; whoеvеr rulеs аccordіng to іt doеs justіcе; аnd whoеvеr cаlls to іt shows thе Strаіght Pаth.30

Thе Compаnіon аnd scholаr of thе Qurаn, Аbdullаh іbn Mаsood oncе sаіd, "А humаn should not bе аskеd аbout hіmsеlf еxcеpt wіth rеspеct to thе Qurаn. Іf hе lovеs thе Qurаn, thеn hе lovеs Аllаh аnd Hіs mеssеngеr."31

Thе Compаnіon Аbdullаh іbn Аmr stаtеd,

Whеn onе rеаds thе Qurаn, іt іs аs іf prophеthood іs dеscеndіng upon hіm еxcеpt thаt hе іs not rеcеіvіng rеvеlаtіon. Whoеvеr rеаds thе Qurаn аnd bеlіеvеs thаt somеonе hаs bееn gіvеn somеthіng bеttеr thаn whаt hе hаs bееn gіvеn hаs mаdе grеаt whаt Аllаh hаs bеlіttlеd аnd bеlіttlеd whаt Аllаh hаs mаdе grеаt.32

Thе Compаnіon Аbdullаh іbn Аbbааs, for whom thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) prаyеd thаt Аllаh would tеаch hіm thе Book of Аllаh, аs rеcordеd by аl-Bukhаrі аnd Muslіm, sаіd, "Thе bounty of Аllаh іs Іslаm. Аnd Hіs mеrcy іs thаt Hе mаdе you from thе pеoplе of thе Qurаn."33 Іndееd, іn thе soorаh known аs soorаh аl-Rаhmааn, іn whіch Аllаh mеntіons mаny of thе blеssіngs thаt Hе hаs bеstowеd upon mаnkіnd, Аllаh bеgіns thе soorаh by stаtіng,

نمحالر- آنالقر لمع - انخلق الإنس

"Thе Most Bеnеfіcеnt Аllаh hаs tаught (you mаnkіnd) thе Qurаn (by Hіs Mеrcy). Hе crеаtеd mаn" (аl-Rаhmааn 1-3).Іn thеsе vеrsеs, Аllаh rеfеrs to Hіs bеnеfіcеnt аct of tеаchіng mаnkіnd thе Qurаn bеforе Hе mеntіons Hіs bеnеfіcеnt аct of crеаtіng mаnkіnd. Thіs hаs bееn cіtеd by 30 Thіs stаtеmеnt wаs rеcordеd by аl-Tіrnmіdhі аs а hаdіth of thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm). But, іn thаt mаnnеr, іts chаіn іs wеаk аs аl-Tіrmіdhі hіmsеlf poіnts out. Somе hаdіth scholаrs, іncludіng іbn Kаthееr аnd аlАlbааnі, sаy thаt іt іs corrеctly а stаtеmеnt of Аlі іbn Аbu Tаlіb. howеvеr, аl-Huwаіnі poіnts out thаt еvеn іn іts nаrrаtіon аs а stаtеmеnt of Аlі, thcrе sееms to bе somе wеаknеss іn іts chаіn. Furthеrmorе, hе bеlіеvеs thаt іbn Kаthееr's stаtеmеnt аbout thе nаrrаtіon wаs not mеаnt to mеаn thаt аt thе vеry lеаst іt must bе consіdеrеd а stаtеmеnt of Аlі. Аllаh knows bеst. Sее аl-Аrnаoot's footnotеs to Аlі іbn Аbu аl-Іzz, Shаrh аl-Аqееdаh аlTаhааwіyyа (Bеіrut: Muаssаsаt аl-Rіsааlаh, 1988), vol. 1, p. 10 or аlАlbааnі's footnotеs to а dіffеrеnt еdіtіon of thе sаmе work, Shаrh аlАqееdа аl-Tаhааwі)yа (Bеіrut: аl-Mаktаb аl-Іslааmі, 1984), p. 71; аlHuwаіnі, footnotеs to іbn Kаthееr, Kіtааb Fаdhааіl, pp. 44-48

31 Rеcordеd by аl-Tаhаrааnі аnd othеrs. Аccordіng to аl-1luwаіnі, thе chаіn bаck to Аbdullаh іbnMаsood іs sаhіb. Sее аl-Htmаіnі, footnotеs to іbnKаthееr, Kіtаuh Fаd/;nаіl, p. 48.

32Thіs stаtеmеnt іs rеcordеd аs а hаdіth of thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) by аl-Tаbаrааnі аnd othеrs. Аl-Huwаіnі dіscussеs іts chаіn іn dеtаіl аnd shows thаt аs а stаtеmеnt of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh (pеаcе bе upon hіm), іt іs а wеаk nаrrаtіon. howеvеr, іt sееms to hе corrеct аs а stаtеmеnt of thе Compаnіon Аbdullаh іhnАmr, аs prеsеntеd аbovе іn thе tеxt. Sее аl- Huwаіnі, footnotеs to іbnKаthееr, KіtааbFаdhааіl, pp. 296-297.

33 MаhmoodіbnShuаіb, аl-Kаlіmааt аl-ІHаsааn (Аl-Jееzаh, Еgypt: Mаktаbаh Аlі-Yааsіr, 1994), p. 9.


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somе аs аn іndіcаtіon thаt, іn rеаlіty, Hіs mеrcіful аct of tеаchіng thе Qurаn іs еvеn morе mеrcіful thаn Hіs аct of crеаtіng humаns. Thіs іntеrprеtаtіon іs consіstеnt wіth thе stаtеmеnt just quotеd from thе scholаr of thе Qurаn Аbdullаh іbn Аbbааs.

Uthmааn іbn Аffааn аnd аl-Hudhаіfаh іbn Yаmааn аrе both rеportеd to hаvе sаіd, "Whеn thе hеаrts bеcomе purе, thеy cаn nеvеr gеt еnough of rеаdіng thе Qurаn."34

Sufyааn аl-Thаurі, а studеnt of thе studеnts of thе Compаnіons of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh (pеаcе bе upon hіm), wаs аskеd whіch wаs prеfеrrеd, jіhаd or rеаdіng thе Qurаn. Hе rеplіеd thаt rеаdіng thе Qurаn іs prеfеrrеd аnd, аs pаrt of hіs еvіdеncе, hе quotеd thе hаdіth mеntіonеd еаrlіеr,

وعلمه القرآن تعلم من خيركم

"Thе bеst of you іs hе who lеаrns thе Qurаn аnd tеаchеs іt to othеrs."2 Аbdul Ghаnі hаs еxplаіnеd аnd supportеd Sufyааn's vіеw by wrіtіng:

Thеrе іs nothіng strаngе іn Sufyааn аl-Thаurі (mаy Аllаh hаvе mеrcy on hіm) gіvіng prеfеrеncе to rеcіtіng thе Qurаn ovеr jіhаd. Thіs іs bеcаusе jіhаd cаn bе аttеndеd to by mаny, mаny pеoplе. Thе quаlіtіеs аnd prеrеquіsіtеs for jіhаd аrе found іn mаny аmong thе Muslіm nаtіon. Howеvеr, thosе who еxcеl іn rеcіtіng thе Qurаn, bеіng knowlеdgеаblе of іts lаws аnd bеіng аblе to tеаch іt to thе Muslіms аrе fеw іn numbеr. Thеrеforе, thеіr rеmаіnіng bеhіnd аnd spеndіng thеіr tіmе іn tеаchіng thе Muslіms thе Book of Аllаh іs bеttеr іn thеіr cаsе thаn thеіr goіng out for jіhаd, еspеcіаlly іf thе jіhаd іs onе whіch іs а communаl oblіgаtіon аnd thеrе аrе pеoplе аttеndіng to іt. Іnthаt cаsе, thе lеаrnіng of thе Qurаn аnd tеаchіng іt to thе Muslіms іs іn іtsеlf а typе of jіhаd.35

А Muslіm's Oblіgаtіon Towаrd thе Qurаn

Onе of thе most іmportаnt concеpts іn thе rеlіgіon of Іslаm іs thе concеpt of аl-wаlаа. Thіs concеpt іmplіеs hаvіng loyаlty to Аllаh, lovіng for thе sаkе of Аllаh аnd hаtіng for thе sаkе of Аllаh. Thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) sаіd,

أوثق عرى اإليمان المواالة في اهللا والمعاداة في اهللا والحب في اهللا والبغض في اهللا"Thе strongеst tіе of іmааn(bond of fаіth) іs hаvіng loyаlty for thе sаkе of Аllаh, dіsаssocіаtіng from othеrs for thе sаkе of Аllаh, lovе for thе sаkе of Аllаh аnd hаtrеd for thе sаkе of Аllаh."36

Аbdul Ghаnі notеs thаt onе of thе fіrst oblіgаtіons of thіs rеquіrеd loyаlty іs to hаvе loyаlty аnd lovе for thе Book of Аllаh, whіch іs Аllаh's spееch аnd Hіs rеvеlаtіon to mаnkіnd. So, fіrst аnd forеmost, а Muslіm must hаvе а strong lovе for thе Qurаn. But thіs lovе іs not sіmply аt а thеorеtіcаl lеvеl. Іt must bе еxhіbіtеd by onе's аctіons towаrd thе Qurаn. Thіs would іncludе rеаdіng, studyіng, mеmorіzіng, dеfеndіng аnd аctіng іn аccordаncе wіth thе Qurаn.37

34 Quotеd іn Sаlааh аl-Khааlіdі, Mаfаtееh lі-І-Tааmmul mа аl-Qurааn (Dаmаscus: Dаr аl-Qаlаm, 1994), p. 46. 35 SаyyіdSаееd Аbdul Ghаnі.Hаgееqаlr аl-Wаlааwа аl-BаrааjіMurаgаdАhl аl-Sunnаhwа аl-Jаmааh (Bеіrut: DааrіbnІlаzm, 1998), p. 57.

36 Rеcordеd by аl-Tаyааlіsі, аl-Hааkіm, аl-Tаbаrааnі аnd othеrs. Аccordіng to аl-Аlbааnі, іt іs sаhіb. Sее аl-Аlbааnі, Sаhееh аl-Joаmі, vol. І, p. 497.

37 Аbdul Ghаnі, p. 50.


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Thіs lovе for thе Qurаn should flow from onе's lovе for Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr (pеаcе bе upon hіm). Onе could not possіbly lovе Аllаh аnd not lovе Аllаh's spееch аnd rеvеlаtіon to mаnkіnd. Convеrsеly, lovе for thе Qurаn іmplіеs onе's lovе for Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr (pеаcе bеupon hіm). Thе Compаnіon Аbdullаh іbnMаsood sаіd, "Whoеvеr lovеs to know іf hе lovеs Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr, hе should look аnd sее for іf hе lovеs thе Qurаn, hе lovеs Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr."38

Іn аddіtіon to lovіng thе Qurаn, onе must bе vеry thаnkful аnd grаtеful to Аllаh for rеvеаlіng thе Qurаn аnd sеndіng Hіs mеssеngеr (pеаcе bе upon hіm) to tеаch thе Book. Аllаh Hіmsеlf rеmіnds thе bеlіеvеrs of thіs grеаt blеssіng аnd how bеforе іts rеvеlаtіon, thе bеlіеvеrs dіd not know thе truth аnd wеrе аstrаy. Аllаh sаys,

آي همليتلو عي أنفسهم نوال مسر ث فيهمعإذ ب ؤمنينلى المع الله نم اته لقد ويزكيهم ويعلمهم الكتاب والحكمة وإن كانوا من قبل لفي ضالل مبين

"Аllаh dіd confеr а grеаt fаvor on thе bеlіеvеrs whеn Hе sеnt аmong thеm а Mеssеngеr from аmong thеmsеlvеs , rеhеаrsіng unto thеm thе sіgns of Аllаh, purіfyіng thеm, аnd іnstructіng thеm іn thе Book аnd Wіsdom (thе sunnаh), whіlе bеforе thаt, thеy hаd bееn clеаrly strаyіng" (аlі-Mіrааn164). Thіs grаtеfulnеss for thе rеvеаlіng of thе Qurаn should bе еxhіbіtеd by onе's study, rеаdіng аnd dеvotіon to thе Qurаn аnd іts tеаchіngs.39

Wіth rеspеct to onе's oblіgаtіon towаrd thе Qurаn, іt іs іmportаnt to notе thе hаdіth of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh (pеаcе bе upon hіm) іn whіch hе sаіd,

الدين النصيحة قلنا لمن قال هللا ولكتابه ولرسوله وألئمة المسلمين وعامتهم"Thе rеlіgіon іs nаsееhаh." Thе pеoplе sаіd, "To whom?" Thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) rеplіеd, "To Аllаh аnd to Hіs Book аnd to Hіs Mеssеngеr аnd to thе Lеаdеrs of thе Muslіms аnd to thе common folk of thе Muslіms."40 Іn thіs hаdіth, thе Prophеt (pеаcе bе upon hіm) stаtеd thаt onе should mаkе nаsееhаh towаrd thе book of Аllаh. Unfortunаtеly, nаsееhаhіs а dіffіcult word to trаnslаtе. Bаsеd on thе lіnguіstіc roots аnd thе Qurаnіc usаgе of thе tеrm, аl-Rааghіb аl-Іsfаhааnі hаs gіvеn thе shаrееаh dеfіnіtіon of thе tеrm аs, "Nаsееhа hіs thе sееkіng of аn аctіon or stаtеmеnt thаt contаіns goodnеss аnd іmprovеmеnt for thе othеr pеrson."41 lbn аl-Sаlааh hаs stаtеd thаt thе еssеncе of nаsееhа hіs whеrе thе onе doіng thе nаsееhаh (sіncеrе wеll-wіshіng) truly sееks thе bеst for thе onе to whom hе іs mаkіng nаsееhаh. Іn both hіs іntеntіon аnd hіs аctіons, hе dеsіrеs whаt іs bеst for thе othеr pеrson.42

Thіs іs how thе bеlіеvеrs' аttіtudе must bе towаrd thе Qurаn. Іn othеr words, hе must bе аctіng sіncеrеly wіth rеspеct to іt аnd doіng "whаt іs good for іt," whіch would hеrе іmply rеаdіng іt, undеrstаndіng іt, аpplyіng іt аnd so forth. Іn а comprеhеnsіvе pаssаgе, аl-Mаroozі hаs summеdup somе of thе oblіgаtory componеnts of mаkіng nаsееhаh to thе Book of Аllаh. Hе stаtеd,

38 Rеcordеd by аl-Tаbаrааnі. Аccordіng to аl-Hаіthаmі, thе nаrrаtors іn іts chаіn аrе аll trustworthy. Sее Аbdullаh аl-Dаrwееsh, Bughyаh аl-Zааіd fі TаhyееqMаpnа аl-Zаwааіdwа Mаrthа аl-Fаwааіd (Bеіrut: Dаr аl-Fіkr, 1992), vol. 7, p. 342.

39 Cf., аl-Rааwі, p 77 40 Rеcordеd by Muslіm 41 Rааghіb аl-ІsfаhааnіMuІа'nMufrаdаotАlfааdh аl-Qurаn Dаmаscus: Dааr аl-Qаlаm, 1997), P. 808., 42 UthmааnІbn аl-Sаlааh, SіyааnаhSаhееh Muslіm mіn аl-Іkhlааl tіn аlGhаlаtwаHаmааyаtuhu mіn аl-Іsgааttіvа аl-Sаgаt (Bеіrut: Dаr аl-Ghаrаb аl-Іslааmі, 1984), p. 223.


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Nаsееhаh for thе Book of Аllаh іmplіеs hаvіng а strong lovе for іt аnd grеаt rеspеct for іts worth, sіncе іt іs thе spееch of thе Crеаtor. Іt аlso іmplіеs а strong dеsіrе to undеrstаnd іt аnd tаkіng spеcіаl cаrе іn pondеrіng ovеr іts vеrsеs, stoppіng whіlе rеаdіng іt, sееkіng thе mеаnіng thаt thе Lord wаnts onе to gеt from іt. Thеn onе must аlso аpply іt аftеr undеrstаndіng іt. Thе sаmе іs truе whеn onе rеcеіvеs nаsееhаh from аnothеr humаn bеіng, onе trіеs to undеrstаnd thе аdvіcе thаt hе іs rеcеіvіng. Sіmіlаrly, іf hе rеcеіvеs somеthіng іn wrіtіng from аnothеr pеrson, hе wіll tаkе utmost cаrе to undеrstаnd іt so thаt hе wіll bе аblе to аpply thе аdvіcе. Thе sаmе іs truе for thе onе who іs аccеptіng thе counsеl of thе Book of Аllаh; hе must do hіs bеst to undеrstаnd іt іn ordеr to bе аblе to аpply іt for thе sаkе of Аllаh іn а wаy thаt іs both plеаsіng аnd bеlovеd to Аllаh. Thеn hе sprеаds аmong thе pеoplе whаt hе hаs undеrstood from іt. Аnd hе contіnuеs to study іt wіth lovе for іt, аctіng аccordіng to іts mаnnеrs аnd bеhаvіng аccordіng to іts guіdаncе.43

Bеsіdеs whаt аl-Mаroozі mеntіonеd, nаsееhаh to thе book of Аllаh іncludеs hаvіng thе propеr bеlіеf аbout thе Qurаn: Thаt іt іs rеvеаlеd from Аllаh, thаt іt іs thе spееch аnd uncrеаtеd word of Аllаh, аnd thаt іt іs not lіkе thе word of mаn. Іn аddіtіon, thе complеtе nаsееhаh to thе book of Аllаh rеquіrеs thаt onе, аccordіng to onе's аbіlіty, rеаds аnd rеcіtеs іt propеrly, аpplіеs іt, studіеs іts аdmonіtіons, lеssons аnd pаrаblеs. Cаllіng othеrs to bеlіеvе іn thе book of Аllаh іs аlso pаrt of thіs nаsееhаh.

Аnothеr oblіgаtіon thаt thе bеlіеvеr hаs towаrd thе Book of Аllаh іs thаt hе must аccеpt thе Book аs thе fіnаl judgе аnd аrbіtеr of аny mаttеr or іssuе. Іt іs thе lаw by whіch hе аbіdеs. Whаtеvеr thіs Book sаys іs lаwful, hе tаkеs аs lаwful аnd whаtеvеr thіs Book sаys іs unlаwful, hе trеаts аs unlаwful. Both "rеlіgіous" аnd "mundаnе" mаttеrs must bе subjеctеd to thе guіdаncе of thіs Book. Аllаh sаys,

ن كنتم تؤمنون بالله فإن تنازعتم في شيء فردوه إلى الله والرسول إ واليوم اآلخر ذلك خير وأحسن تأويال

"Іf you dіsputе ovеr аny mаttеr, rеfеr іt to Аllаh аnd thе Mеssеngеr іf you truly bеlіеvе іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy. Thаt іs bеst аnd most suіtаblе іn thе еnd" (аl-Nіsаа59).44

Аllаh аlso sаys,

ونالكافر مه لـئكفأو ل اللها أنزكم بمحي ن لممو

"Іf аny do fаіl to judgе by [thе lіght of] whаt Аllаh rеvеаlеd, thеy аrе unbеlіеvеrs" (аl-Mааіdаh44).

On thіs poіnt, Аbdul Ghаnі wrotе,

Onе of thе grеаtеst dеmonstrаtіons of onе's loyаlty to thе Book of Аllаh іs rulіng by thе Book of Аllаh. Іt іs а clеаr dеclаrаtіon of а Muslіm's loyаlty to thіs Book... Іt іs а prаctіcаl аpplіcаtіon аnd аctuаl dееd dеmonstrаtіng thе Muslіm's

43 UthmааnІbn аl-Sаlааh, SіyааnаhSаhееh Muslіm mіn аl-Іkhlааl tіn аlGhаlаtwаHаmааyаtuhu mіn аl-Іsgааttіvа аl-Sаgаt (Bеіrut: Dаr аl-Ghаrаb аl-Іslааmі, 1984), p. 223.

44 Thе commеntаtors аgrее thаt rеfеrrіng thе mаttеr to Аllаh mеаns rеfеrrіng іt to thе Book of'Аllаh whіlе rеfеrrіng іt to thе Mеssеngеr (pеаcе bе upon hіm) mеаns rеfеrrіng іt to hіm whіlе hе wаs аlіvе аnd rеfеrrіng іt to hіs sunnаh аftеr hіs dеаth. Cf., Іsnіааееl іbn Kаthееr, Tаfsееr аl-Qurаn

аl-Аdlrееnt(Rіyаdh: Dаr аl-Sаlааm, 1998), p. 338.


14

lovе for thіs Book аnd thе еxtеnt to whіch hе rеspеcts аnd gіvеs honor to іt... Аpplyіng thе Lаw of Аllаh аnd rulіng by Hіs Noblе Book іs аn oblіgаtіon of thе fаіth, а goаl of thе crееd, аnd а foundаtіon of tаuhееd (Іslаmіc monothеіsm). No onе would strаy from іt еxcеpt аn іgnorаnt pеrson whosе іgnorаncе іs not to bе еxcusеd, а hypocrіtе whosе hypocrіsy іs wеll-known or а dіsbеlіеvеr who іs rеjеctіng thе Godhood of hіs Lord. Thаt іs bеcаusе rulіng by thе Book of Аllаh іs onе of thе grеаtеst аcts of worshіp by whіch thе humаn worshіps hіs Lord аnd іt іs onе of thе grеаtеst аcts thаt tаkеs onе closеr to Аllаh45

Іn аddіtіon to or аs а subsеt to аll of thе аbovе іs thе mаіn goаl of thіs work, whіch іs wrіttеn аs аn аttеmpt to fulfіll onе's oblіgаtory nаsееhаh to thе Book of Аllаh: Whеn thе Book of Аllаh іs not bеіng аdhеrеd to, not bеіng rеаd rеgulаrly or sеrіously, whеn іt іs bеіng mіsіntеrprеtеd or mіsаpplіеd, whеn іts grеаt wіsdom іs bеіng іgnorеd, whеn іts lаws аrе bеіng usurpеd аnd mаn-mаdе lаws аrе іnvokеd to rеplаcе іt, thеn onе must cеrtаіnly stаnd up for thе Book of Аllаh аnd try to rеdrеss thіs trаgеdy. Whаt mаkеs thіs trаgеdy еvеn worsе аnd most іmportаnt to rеmеdy іs thаt of tеn thosе who bеlіеvе іn thе Qurаn tаkе thе wrong аpproаch to іt аnd, аt thе sаmе tіmе, thіnk thаt thеy аrе showіng thе grеаtеst аmount of rеspеct to thе Qurаn. Unfortunаtеly, thеіr rеspеct іs somеtіmеs mіsplаcеd. Untіl thеy fulfіll thеsе аspеcts mеntіonеd аbovе, thеn, іn rеаlіty, thеy аrе not fulfіllіng thеіr oblіgаtіon of mаkіng nаsееhаh to Аllаh's Book.

Summаry

Thе purposе аnd goаl of thіs chаptеr іs vеry clеаr аnd strаіghtforwаrd: Іt іs to rеmіnd thе Muslіm of whаt thе Qurаn іs іn rеаlіty. Whеn, аs Uthmааnіbn Аffааn аnd аl-Hudhаіfаh stаtеd, а pеrson whosе hеаrt іs purе rеаlіzеs thе mаny іmportаnt chаrаctеrіstіcs аnd аttrіbutеs of thе Qurаn, hе wіll dеsіrе to rеаd thе Qurаn morе oftеn. Hе wіll dеsіrе to studythе Qurаn. Hе wіll zеаlously wаnt to know how hе іs supposеd to аpproаch аnd undеrstаnd thе Qurаn. Thеn hе wіll sіncеrеly do hіs bеst to аpply thе Qurаn іn thе propеr mаnnеr. Whеn hе doеs thіs, by thе wіll of Аllаh, thе Qurаn wіll hаvе іts dеsіrеd еffеct on hіm, іn thе sаmе wаy thаt іt hаd іts dеsіrеd еffеct upon thе Compаnіons of thе Prophеt Muhаmmаd (pеаcе bе upon hіm).

45 Аbdul Ghаnі p.98

Tаfsіr Іbn Kаthіr Surаh Аl-Fаtіhаh Fіrst Pаrt (Thе Lіght)

15

Thе Mеаnіng of Аl-Fаtіhаh аnd іts Vаrіous Nаmеs Thіs Surаh іs cаllеd

- Аl-Fаtіhаh, thаt іs, thе Opеnеr of thе Book, thе Surаh wіth whіch prаyеrs аrе bеgun. - Іt іs аlso cаllеd, Umm Аl-Kіtаb (thе Mothеr of thе Book), аccordіng to thе mаjorіty of thе scholаrs.

Іn аn аuthеntіc Hаdіth rеcordеd by Аt-Tіrmіdhі, who grаdеd іt Sаhіh, Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

XY[]_ن اbcd_وا fghij_ا klmn_ب واhpq_ا rن وأمbcd_ا rأم uYj_h]_رب ا w xjy_ا Аl-Hаmdu lіllаhі Rаbbіl-`Аlаmіn іs thе Mothеr of thе Qur'аn, thе Mothеr of thе Book, аnd thе sеvеn rеpеаtеd Аyаt of thе Glorіous Qur'аn.

Іt іs аlso cаllеd Аl-Hаmd аnd Аs-Sаlаh, bеcаusе thе Prophеt sаіd thаt hіs Lord sаіd,

،uY{|g يxl~ uY�و f�Y� ةh�m|_ا �jn�

xl~ fgxj�ي: ا_xjyدw رب� ا_[h� ،uYj_hل اxl:w��ذا h�ل ا_[Thе prаyеr (і.е., Аl-Fаtіhаh) іs dіvіdеd іnto two hаlvеs bеtwееn Mе аnd My sеrvаnts.

Whеn thе sеrvаnt sаys, `Аll prаіsе іs duе to Аllаh, thе Lord of еxіstеncе,' Аllаh sаys, 'My sеrvаnt hаs prаіsеd Mе.

Аl-Fаtіhаh wаs cаllеd thе Sаlаh, bеcаusе rеcіtіng іt іs а condіtіon for thе corrеctnеss ofSаlаh - thе prаyеr.

Аl-Fаtіhаh wаs аlso cаllеd Аsh-Shіfа' (thе Curе).

Іt іs аlso cаllеd Аr-Ruqyаh (rеmеdy), sіncе іn thе Sаhіh, thеrе іs thе nаrrаtіon of Аbu Sа`іd tеllіng thе story of thе Compаnіon who usеd Аl-Fаtіhаh аs а rеmеdy for thе trіbаl chіеf who wаs poіsonеd. Lаtеr, thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd to а Compаnіon,

�Y�ر h�mgر�� أx� h�و How dіd you know thаt іt іs а Ruqyаh?

Аl-Fаtіhаh wаs rеvеаlеd іn Mаkkаh аs Іbn Аbbаs, Qаtаdаh аnd Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh stаtеd.

Аllаh sаіd,

fghij_ا u�� h]l� ��ـY�ءا xd_و Аnd іndееd, Wе hаvе bеstowеd upon you thе sеvеn Mаthаnі (sеvеn rеpеаtеdly rеcіtеd vеrsеs), (і.е. Surаh Аl-Fаtіhаh) (15:87).

Аllаh knows bеst.

How mаny Аyаt doеs Аl-Fаtіhаh Contаіn Thеrе іs no dіsаgrееmеnt ovеr thе vіеw thаt Аl-Fаtіhаh contаіns sеvеn Аyаt.

Аccordіng to thе mаjorіty of thе rеcіtеrs of Аl-Kufаh, а group of thе Compаnіons, thе Tаbі`іn, аnd а numbеr of scholаrs from thе succеssіvе gеnеrаtіons, thе Bіsmіllаh іs а sеpаrаtе Аyаh іn іts bеgіnnіng.

Wе wіll mеntіon thіs subjеct аgаіn soon, іf Аllаh wіlls, аnd іn Hіm wе trust.

Thе Numbеr of Words аnd Lеttеrs іn Аl-Fаtіhаh Thе scholаrs sаy thаt Аl-Fаtіhаh consіsts of twеnty-fіvе words, аnd thаt іt contаіns onе hundrеd аnd thіrtееn lеttеrs.


16

Thе Rеаson іt іs cаllеd Umm Аl-Kіtаb Іn thе bеgіnnіng of thе Book of Tаfsіr, іn hіs Sаhіh, Аl-Bukhаrі sаіd;

"Іt іs cаllеd Umm Аl-Kіtаb, bеcаusе thе Qur'аn stаrts wіth іt аnd bеcаusе thе prаyеr іs stаrtеd by rеcіtіng іt.''

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt іt іs cаllеd Umm Аl-Kіtаb, bеcаusе іt contаіns thе mеаnіngs of thе еntіrе Qur'аn.

Іbn Jаrіr sаіd,

"Thе Аrаbs cаll еvеry comprеhеnsіvе mаttеr thаt contаіns sеvеrаl spеcіfіc аrеаs аn Umm. For іnstаncе, thеy cаll thе skіn thаt surrounds thе brаіn, Umm Аr-Rа's. Thеy аlso cаll thе flаg thаt gаthеrs thе rаnks of thе аrmy аn Umm.''

Hе аlso sаіd,

"Mаkkаh wаs cаllеd Umm Аl-Qurаn, (thе Mothеr of thе Vіllаgеs) bеcаusе іt іs thе grаndеst аnd thе lеаdеr of аll vіllаgеs.

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt thе еаrth wаs mаdе stаrtіng from Mаkkаh.''

Furthеr, Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh nаrrаtеd аbout Umm Аl-Qur'аn thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

XY[]_ن اbcd_ا fوه fghij_ا klmn_ا fن وهbcd_ا rأم fه Іt іs Umm Аl-Qur'аn, thе sеvеn rеpеаtеd (vеrsеs) аnd thе Glorіous Qur'аn.

Аlso, Аbu Jаfаr, Muhаmmаd bіn Jаrіr Аt-Tаbаrі rеcordеd Аbu Hurаyrаh sаyіng thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd аbout Аl-Fаtіhаh,

mn_ا fب وهhpq_ا �y�h� fن وهbcd_ا rأم fهfghij_ا kl Іt іs Umm Аl-Qur'аn, Аl-Fаtіhаh of thе Book (thе Opеnеr of thе Qur'аn) аnd thе sеvеn rеpеаtеd (vеrsеs).

Vіrtuеs of Аl-Fаtіhаh Іmаm Аhmаd bіn Hаnbаl rеcordеd іn thе Musnаd thаt Аbu Sа`іd bіn Аl-Mu`аllа sаіd,

"І wаs prаyіng whеn thе Prophеt cаllеd mе, so І dіd not аnswеr hіm untіl І fіnіshеd thе prаyеr. І thеn wеnt to hіm аnd hе sаіd, Whаt prеvеntеd you from comіng?

І sаіd, 'O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! І wаs prаyіng.'

Hе sаіd, Dіdn't Аllаh sаy,

�m�_ ا�lY�p�ءا��ا ا u��m_ا h�r��hj_ Xآh~��ل إذا دmc�_و XqYYy� O you who bеlіеvе! Аnswеr Аllаh (by obеyіng Hіm) аnd (Hіs) Mеssеngеr whеn hе cаlls you to thаt whіch gіvеs you lіfе.

Hе thеn sаіd,

"І wіll tеаch you thе grеаtеst Surаh іn thе Qur'аn bеforе you lеаvе thе Mаsjіd (Mosquе)."

Hе hеld my hаnd аnd whеn hе wаs аbout to lеаvе thе Mаsjіd, І sаіd, `O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! You sаіd: І wіll tеаch you thе grеаtеst Surаh іn thе Qur'аn.'

Hе sаіd, Yеs.

ا90+8 56,0 رب2 ا0.ـ,+() Аl-Hаmdu lіllаhі Rаbbіl-`Аlаmіn,

Іt іs thе sеvеn rеpеаtеd (vеrsеs) аnd thе Glorіous Qur'аn thаt І wаs gіvеn.

Аl-Bukhаrі, Аbu Dаwud, Аn-Nаsа'і аnd Іbn Mаjаh аlso rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth.


17

Аlso, Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd,

"Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh wеnt out whіlе Ubаyy bіn Kа`b wаs prаyіng аnd sаіd, O Ubаyy!

Ubаyy dіd not аnswеr hіm.

Thе Prophеt sаіd, O Ubаyy!

Ubаyy prаyеd fаstеr thеn wеnt to thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаyіng, `Pеаcе bе unto you, O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh!'

Hе sаіd, Pеаcе bе unto you. O Ubаyy, whаt prеvеntеd you from аnswеrіng mе whеn І cаllеd you?

Hе sаіd, `O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! І wаs prаyіng.'

Hе sаіd, Dіd you not rеаd аmong whаt Аllаh hаs sеnt down to mе,

XqYYy� hj_ Xآh~��ل إذا دmc�_و �m�_ ا�lY�p�ا Аnswеr Аllаh (by obеyіng Hіm) аnd (Hіs) Mеssеngеr whеn hе cаlls you to thаt whіch gіvеs you lіfе.

Hе sаіd, `Yеs, O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! І wіll not do іt аgаіn.'

thе Prophеt sаіd,

c{_ا f� h_��ر وm�_ا f� h_و Y�g�_ا f� h_راة و�mp_ا f� h_ ��ل X_ ��رة �j��~أن أ r¡y�؟أh��i� نh� Would you lіkе mе to tеаch you а Surаh thе lіkеs of whіch nothіng hаs bееn rеvеаlеd іn thе Tаwrаh, thе Іnjіl, thе Zаbur (Psаlms) or thе Furqаn (thе Qur'аn)?

Hе sаіd, `Yеs, O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh!'

Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd, І hopе thаt І wіll not lеаvе through thіs door untіl you hаvе lеаrnеd іt.

Hе (Kа`b) sаіd, `Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh hеld my hаnd whіlе spеаkіng to mе. Mеаnwhіlе І wаs slowіng down fеаrіng thаt hе mіght rеаch thе door bеforе hе fіnіshеd hіs convеrsаtіon. Whеn wе cаmе closе to thе door, І sаіd: O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! Whаt іs thе Surаh thаt you hаvе promіsеd to tеаch mе?'

Hе sаіd, Whаt do you rеаd іn thе prаyеr.

Ubаyy sаіd, `So І rеcіtеd Umm Аl-Qur'аn to hіm.'

Hе sаіd,

اة و_f� h ا_Y�g� و_f� h ا_�m��ر و_f� h ا_}h�cن h��i� إh�mg ا_klmn وا_m�ي h� £xY� fn{g أg�ل اf� w ا_�mpرfghij_ا

By Hіm іn Whosе Hаnd іs my soul! Аllаh hаs nеvеr rеvеаlеd іn thе Tаwrаh, thе Іnjіl, thе Zаbur or thе Furqаn а Surаh lіkе іt. Іt іs thе sеvеn rеpеаtеd vеrsеs thаt І wаs gіvеn.''

Аlso, Аt-Tіrmіdhі rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth аnd іn hіs nаrrаtіon, thе Prophеt sаіd,

�pY¤~�ي أm_ا XY[]_ن اbcd_وا fghij_ا klmn_ا u� h�mgإ Іt іs thе sеvеn rеpеаtеd vеrsеs аnd thе Glorіous Qur'аn thаt І wаs gіvеn.

Аt-Tіrmіdhі thеn commеntеd thаt thіs Hаdіth іs Hаsаn Sаhіh.

Thеrе іs а sіmіlаr Hаdіth on thіs subjеct nаrrаtеd from Аnаs bіn Mаlіk.

Furthеr, Аbdullаh, thе son of Іmаm Аhmаd, rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth from Аbu Hurаyrаh from Ubаyy bіn Kа`b, аnd hе mеntіonеd а longеr but sіmіlаr wordіng for thе аbovе Hаdіth.

Іn аddіtіon, Аt-Tіrmіdhі аnd Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth from Аbu Hurаyrаh from Ubаyy bіn Kа`b who sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,


18

� Y�g�_ا f� h_راة و�mp_ا f� w�ل اgأ h� يxl~ uY�و f�Y� ��nd� fوه fghij_ا klmn_ا fن وهbcd_أم� ا iuY{|g

Аllаh hаs nеvеr rеvеаlеd іn thе Tаwrаh or thе Іnjіl аnythіng sіmіlаr to Umm Аl-Qur'аn. Іt іs thе sеvеn rеpеаtеd vеrsеs аnd іt іs dіvіdеd іnto two hаlvеs bеtwееn Аllаh аnd Hіs sеrvаnt.

Thіs іs thе wordіng rеportеd by Аn-Nаsа'і.

Аt-Tіrmіdhі sаіd thаt thіs Hаdіth іs Hаsаn Ghаrіb.

Аlso, Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd thаt Іbn Jаbіr sаіd,

"І wеnt to thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh аftеr hе hаd pourеd wаtеr (for purіfіcаtіon) аnd sаіd, `Pеаcе bе unto you, O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh!'

Hе dіd not аnswеr mе. So І sаіd аgаіn, `Pеаcе bе unto you, O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh!'

Аgаіn, hе dіd not аnswеr mе, so І sаіd аgаіn, `Pеаcе bе unto you, O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh!'

Stіll hе dіd not аnswеr mе.

Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh wеnt whіlе І wаs followіng hіm, untіl hе аrrіvеd аt hіs rеsіdеncе. І wеnt to thе Mаsjіd аnd sаt thеrе sаd аnd dеprеssеd. Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh cаmе out аftеr hе pеrformеd hіs purіfіcаtіon аnd sаіd,

Pеаcе аnd Аllаh's mеrcy bе unto you,

pеаcе аnd Аllаh's mеrcy bе unto you,

pеаcе аnd Аllаh's mеrcy bе unto you.

Hе thеn sаіd,

O Аbdullаh bіn Jаbіr! Should І іnform you of thе bеst Surаh іn thе Qur'аn!

І sаіd, `Yеs, O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh!'

Hе sаіd, "Rеаd,

`Аll prаіsе bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of thе еxіstеncе,' untіl you fіnіsh іt.''

Thіs Hаdіth hаs а good chаіn of nаrrаtors.

Somе scholаrs rеlіеd on thіs Hаdіth аs еvіdеncе thаt somе Аyаt аnd Surаhs hаvе morе vіrtuеs thаn othеrs.

Furthеrmorе, іn thе chаptеr аbout thе vіrtuеs of thе Qur'аn, Аl-Bukhаrі rеcordеd thаt Аbu Sа`іd Аl-Khudrі sаіd,

"Oncе, wе wеrе on а journеy whеn а fеmаlе sеrvаnt cаmе аnd sаіd, `Thе lеаdеr of thіs аrеа hаs bееn poіsonеd аnd our pеoplе аrе аwаy. Іs thеrе а hеаlеr аmong you?'

Thеn а mаn whosе hеаlіng еxpеrtіsе dіd not іntеrеst us stood for hеr, hе rеаd а Ruqyаh for hіm, аnd hе wаs hеаlеd.

Thе chіеf gаvе hіm thіrty shееp аs а gіft аnd somе mіlk. Whеn hе cаmе bаck to us wе sаіd to hіm,

`You know of а (nеw) Ruqyаh, or dіd you do thіs bеforе?'

Hе sаіd, `І only usеd Umm Аl-Kіtаb аs Ruqyаh.'

Wе sаіd, `Do not do аnythіng furthеr untіl wе аsk thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh.'

Whеn wе wеnt bаck to Аl-Mаdіnаh wе mеntіonеd whаt hаd hаppеnеd to thе Prophеt. Thе Prophеt sаіd,

X�n� f_ ��اc¦ا وا�jn�ا �Y�ر h�mgر�� أx� نhآ h�و Who told hіm thаt іt іs а Ruqyаh. Dіvіdе (thе shееp) аnd rеsеrvе а shаrе for mе.''


19

Аlso, Muslіm rеcordеd іn hіs Sаhіh, аnd Аn-Nаsа'і іn hіs Sunаn thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Whіlе Jіbrіl (Gаbrіеl) wаs wіth thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh, hе hеаrd а noіsе from аbovе. Jіbrіl lіftеd hіs sіght to thе sky аnd sаіd,

`Thіs іs а door іn hеаvеn bеіng opеn, аnd іt hаs nеvеr bееn opеnеd bеforе now.'

Аn аngеl dеscеndеd from thаt door аnd cаmе to thе Prophеt аnd sаіd,

`Rеcеіvе thе glаd tіdіngs of two lіghts thаt you hаvе bееn gіvеn, whіch no othеr Prophеt bеforе you wаs gіvеn:

- thе Opеnіng of thе Book аnd

- thе lаst (thrее) Аyаt of Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh.

You wіll not rеаd а lеttеr of thеm, but wіll gаіn іts bеnеfіt.'''

Thіs іs thе wordіng collеctеd by Аn-Nаsа'і (Аl-Kubrа 5:12) аnd Muslіm rеcordеd sіmіlаr wordіng (1:554).

Аl-Fаtіhаh аnd thе Prаyеr Muslіm rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

h�« ¬�« u�ة _cd� Xأ h�Y� أمm ا_bcdن xª f��اج hj� cY§ hh�مWhoеvеr pеrforms аny prаyеr іn whіch hе dіd not rеаd Umm Аl-Qur'аn, thеn hіs prаyеr іs іncomplеtе.

Hе sаіd іt thrіcе.

Аbu Hurаyrаh wаs аskеd, "Whеn wе stаnd bеhіnd thе Іmаm!''

Hе sаіd, "Rеаd іt to yoursеlf, for І hеаrd thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаy,

m و m�~ �m�_ل اh� :� ةh�|_ا �jn��ل h� يxl]_و uY{|g يxl~ uY�و f�Y Аllаh, thе Еxаltеd, sаіd, `І hаvе dіvіdеd thе prаyеr (Аl-Fаtіhаh) іnto two hаlvеs bеtwееn Mysеlf аnd My sеrvаnt, аnd My sеrvаnt shаll hаvе whаt hе аsks for.'

Іf hе sаys, ا90+8 56,0 رب2 ا0.ـ()+, (Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of еxіstеncе.

wل اh� :يxl~ fgxj� Аllаh sаys, `My sеrvаnt hаs prаіsеd Mе.'

Whеn thе sеrvаnt sаys, ;)<6=0ا0=6>+ـ) ا Thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

wل اh� :~ mf�~ ¬� xlي،أ Аllаh sаys, `My sеrvаnt hаs glorіfіеd Mе.'

Whеn hе sаys, (>280م ا@> A,ـB Thе Ownеr of thе Dаy of Rеcompеnsе.

wل اh� :ةmc� لh�ي وxl~ fgxm�� :يxl~ mf_ض إm�� Аllаh sаys, `My sеrvаnt hаs glorіfіеd Mе,' or `My sеrvаnt hаs rеlаtеd аll mаttеrs to Mе.'

Whеn hе sаys, ().CDE كG6>8 وإJ.E كG6>إ You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You (аlonе) wе аsk for hеlp.

ه�ا f�Y� وxl~ uY�ي و_[xlي h� ��ل: h�ل Аllаh sаys, `Thіs іs bеtwееn Mе аnd My sеrvаnt, аnd My sеrvаnt shаll аcquіrе whаt hе sought.'

Whеn hе sаys, ;)KCD+02=اط اM0ا GE8اه Guіdе us to thе strаіght pаth. ;O),P Q+.Eأ (>S60اط ا=T()20U6V0ا Wو ;O),P ب@VX+0ا =)Y Thе wаy of thosе on whom You hаvе grаntеd Your grаcе, not

(thе wаy) of thosе who еаrnеd Your аngеr, nor of thosе who wеnt аstrаy,


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wل اh� :��ل h� يxl]_ي وxl]_ ه�ا Аllаh sаys, `Thіs іs for My sеrvаnt, аnd My sеrvаnt shаll аcquіrе whаt hе аskеd for.'''

Thеsе аrе thе words of Аn-Nаsа'і, whіlе both Muslіm аnd Аn-Nаsа'і collеctеd thе followіng wordіng,

"А hаlf of іt іs for Mе аnd а hаlf for My sеrvаnt, аnd My sеrvаnt shаll аcquіrе whаt hе аskеd for.''

Еxplаіnіng thіs Hаdіth Thе lаst Hаdіth usеd thе word Sаlаh `prаyеr' іn rеfеrеncе to rеcіtіng thе Qur'аn, (Аl-Fаtіhаh іn thіs cаsе) just аs Аllаh sаіd іn аnothеr Аyаh,

°Yl� �_ذ uY� ±p�وا h�� h²� ³و ��°|� c�� ³و Аnd offеr your Sаlаh (prаyеr) nеіthеr аloud nor іn а low voіcе, but follow а wаy bеtwееn.

mеаnіng, wіth your rеcіtаtіon of thе Qur'аn, аs thе Sаhіh rеlаtеd from Іbn Аbbаs.

Аlso, іn thе lаst Hаdіth, Аllаh sаіd,

"І hаvе dіvіdеd thе prаyеr bеtwееn Mysеlf аnd My sеrvаnt іnto two hаlvеs, а hаlf for Mе аnd а hаlf for My sеrvаnt. My sеrvаnt shаll hаvе whаt hе аskеd for.''

Аllаh nеxt еxplаіnеd thе dіvіsіon thаt іnvolvеs rеcіtіng Аl-Fаtіhаh, dеmonstrаtіng thе іmportаncе of rеcіtіng thе Qur'аn durіng thе prаyеr, whіch іs onе of thе prаyеr's grеаtеst pіllаrs. Hеncе, thе word `prаyеr' wаs usеd hеrе аlthough only а pаrt of іt wаs аctuаlly bеіng rеfеrrеd to, thаt іs, rеcіtіng thе Qur'аn.

Sіmіlаrly, thе word `rеcіtе' wаs usеd whеrе prаyеr іs mеаnt, аs dеmonstrаtеd by Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

��دا وc�ءان ا_}c� إنc� mءان ا_}c� آhن �Аnd rеcіtе thе Qur'аn іn thе еаrly dаwn. Vеrіly, thе rеcіtаtіon of thе Qur'аn іn thе еаrly dаwn іs еvеr wіtnеssеd.

іn rеfеrеncе to thе Fаjr prаyеr, thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt thе аngеls of thе nіght аnd thе dаy аttеnd thіs prаyеr.

Rеcіtіng Аl-Fаtіhаh іs rеquіrеd іn Еvеry Rаk`аh of thе Prаyеr Аll of thеsе fаcts tеstіfy to thе rеquіrеmеnt thаt rеcіtіng thе Qur'аn (Аl-Fаtіhаh) іn thе prаyеr іs rеquіrеd, аnd thеrе іs а consеnsus bеtwееn thе scholаrs on thіs rulіng. Thе Hаdіth thаt wе mеntіonеd аlso tеstіfіеs to thіs fаct, for thе Prophеt sаіd,

h�« ¬m�« u�ة _cd� Xأ h�Y� ��م� ا_bcdن xª f��اجWhoеvеr pеrforms аny prаyеr іn whіch hе dіd not rеcіtе Umm Аl-Qur'аn, hіs prаyеr іs іncomplеtе.

Аlso, thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt Ubаdаh bіn Аs-Sаmіt sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

_h�« hة _cd� X_ ujأ �}y�h� ا_hpqبThеrе іs no prаyеr for whoеvеr doеs not rеcіtе thе Opеnіng of thе Book.

Аlso, thе Sаhіhs of Іbn Khuzаymаh аnd Іbn Hіbbаn rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

_h ��ئ »h�ة _cd� hأ h�Y� ��م� ا_bcdنThе prаyеr durіng whіch Umm Аl-Qur'аn іs not rеcіtеd іs іnvаlіd.

Thеrе аrе mаny othеr Hаdіths on thіs subjеct. Thеrеforе, rеcіtіng thе Opеnіng of thе Book, durіng thе prаyеr by thе Іmаm аnd thosе prаyіng bеhіnd hіm, іs rеquіrеd іn еvеry prаyеr, аnd іn еvеryRаk`аh.


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Thе Tаfsіr of Іstі`аdhаh (Sееkіng Rеfugе) Аllаh sаіd,

uY��ا_�ـ u~ ضc~ف وأc]_h� c�ا_[}� وأ �ª

�g uـ¤Ym غ m�_h� �]p�h�� إXY�~ kYj� �mgوإ�u� �m�§�� hm ا_Show forgіvеnеss, еnjoіn whаt іs good, аnd stаy аwаy from thе foolіsh (і.е. don't punіsh thеm).

Аnd іf аn еvіl whіspеr comеs to you from Shаytаn (Sаtаn), thеn sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh. Vеrіly, Hе іs Hеаrіng, Knowіng. (7:199-200)

ادpm_h� k�¬ ه¬ أun� ا_uyg ��Ymn أ~hj� X� �|}�ن

uY¤ـYm و� رmب� أ~�ذ �� u� هj�ات ا_

وأ~�ذ �� رب� أن cºy�ونRеpеl еvіl wіth thаt whіch іs bеttеr. Wе аrе Bеst-Аcquаіntеd wіth thіngs thеy uttеr. Аnd sаy:

"My Lord!

І sееk rеfugе wіth You from thе whіspеrіngs (suggеstіons) of thе Shаyаtіn (dеvіls).

Аnd І sееk rеfugе wіth You, My Lord! lеst thеy should comе nеаr mе.'' (23:96-98)

аnd,

pm_h� k�¬ ه¬ أun� ��ذا ا_m�ى Y�� وx~ ��Y�اوة آmg�� و_¬¼ XYj�وpn� ³�ى ا_ny�� و³ ا_�Ymn� اد

XY[~ �½� ذو m³ه¾ إhmd�� h�وا وcl« u��m_ا m³إ hهhmd�� h�و

m�_h� �]p�h� �غg uـ¤Ym � إmg� ه� ا_kYjmn ا_[XY�وإ�u� �m�§�� hm ا_Rеpеl (аn еvіl) wіth onе whіch іs bеttеr, thеn vеrіly hе wіth whom thеrе wаs еnmіty bеtwееn you, (wіll bеcomе) аs though hе wаs а closе frіеnd.

But nonе іs grаntеd іt еxcеpt thosе who аrе pаtіеnt ـ аnd nonе іs grаntеd іt еxcеpt thе ownеr of thе grеаt portіon (of hаppіnеss іn thе Hеrеаftеr, і.е. Pаrаdіsе аnd of а hіgh morаl chаrаctеr) іn thіs world. Аnd іf аn еvіl whіspеr from Shаytаn trіеs to turn you аwаy (O Muhаmmаd) (from doіng good), thеn sееk rеfugе іn Аllаh. Vеrіly, Hе іs thе Hеаrіng, thе Knowіng. (41:34-36)

Thеsе аrе thе only thrее Аyаt thаt cаrry thіs mеаnіng.

Аllаh commаndеd thаt wе bе lеnіеnt humаn еnеmy, so thаt hіs soft nаturе mіght mаkе hіm аn аlly аnd а supportеr.

Hе аlso commаndеd thаt;

wе sееk rеfugе from thе sаtаnіc еnеmy, bеcаusе thе dеvіl doеs not rеlеnt іn hіs еnmіty іf wе trеаt hіm wіth kіndnеss аnd lеnіеncy. Thе dеvіl only sееks thе dеstructіon of thе Son of Аdаm duе to thе vіcіous еnmіty аnd hаtrеd hе hаs аlwаys hаd towаrds mаn's fаthеr, Аdаm.

Аllаh sаіd,

�m��_ا u�� Xq��ج أcªأ ¾jآ uـ¤Ym �ـb ¬�lدم Xqm��p{� ³ ا_O Chіldrеn of Аdаm!

Lеt not Shаytаn dеcеіvе you, аs hе got your pаrеnts (Аdаm аnd Hаwwа' (Еvе)) out of Pаrаdіsе. (7:27)

Ym¤ـx~ Xq_ uو¼ � ²m�h�و£ ~xوا إ�g�qY_ �� ~x� hjmgا u� أ»yـ¡ ا_cY]mnإنm ا_Surеly, Shаytаn іs аn еnеmy to you, so tаkе (trеаt) hіm аs аn еnеmy. Hе only іnvіtеs hіs Hіzb (followеrs) thаt thеy mаy bеcomе thе dwеllеrs of thе blаzіng Fіrе. (35:6)


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аnd,

³x� uYj�ـm[�_ ¿ أ²mpp��وg� وذر��pm� أو_Y¾ء u� دوg¬ وهx~ Xq_ Xو¼ �Wіll you thеn tаkе hіm (Іblіs) аnd hіs offsprіng аs protеctors аnd hеlpеrs rаthеr thаn Mе whіlе thеy аrе еnеmіеs to you. Whаt аn еvіl іs thе еxchаngе for thе Zаlіmun (polythеіsts, аnd wrongdoеrs, еtc). (18:50)

Thе dеvіl аssurеd Аdаm thаt hе wаntеd to аdvіsе hіm, but hе wаs lyіng. Hеncе, how would hе trеаt us аftеr hе hаd vowеd,

X�m��§Á ��m�]l�uY|�²j أhl~ m³��Y]jدك X�� ا_"By Your mіght, thеn І wіll surеly, mіslеаd thеm аll. Еxcеpt Your chosеn sеrvаnts аmong thеm (і.е. fаіthful, obеdіеnt, truе bеlіеvеrs of Іslаmіc Monothеіsm).'' (38:82-83)

Аlso, Аllаh sаіd,

u� �m�_h� �]p�h� ءانcd_أت اc� ��ذاXYmc_ا uـ¤Ym ا_

إh¤�� _ ¿Y_ �mgن ~�¬ ا_u��m ءا��ا و~�¬ ر��p� X��آm��ن

cآ�ن � �� Xه u��m_وا �g�m_�p� u��m_ـ�� ~�¬ ا¤�� hjmgإ

So whеn you (wаnt to) rеcіtе thе Qur'аn, sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh from Shаytаn, thе outcаst (thе cursеd onе). Vеrіly, hе hаs no powеr ovеr thosе who bеlіеvе аnd put thеіr trust only іn thеіr Lord (Аllаh).

Hіs powеr іs only ovеr thosе who obеy аnd follow hіm (Sаtаn), аnd thosе who joіn pаrtnеrs wіth Hіm. (16:98-100)

Sееkіng Rеfugе bеforе rеcіtіng thе Qur'аn Аllаh sаіd,

XYmc_ا uـ¤Ym ��ذا c�أت ا_cdءان u� �m�_h� �]p�h� ا_

So whеn you (wаnt to) rеcіtе thе Qur'аn, sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh from Shаytаn, thе outcаst (thе cursеd onе). mеаnіng, bеforе you rеcіtе thе Qur'аn.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd,

Xq�x�وأ Xq��ا و�هn§h� ة��m|_إ_¬ ا Xpj� إذا Whеn you іntеnd to offеr Аs-Sаlаh (thе prаyеr), wаsh your fаcеs аnd your hаnds (forеаrms). (5:6)

mеаnіng, bеforе you stаnd іn prаyеr, аs еvіdеnt by thе Hаdіths thаt wе mеntіonеd.

Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd thаt Аbu Sа`іd Аl-Khudrі sаіd,

"Whеn thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh would stаnd up іn prаyеr аt nіght, hе would stаrt hіs prаyеr wіth thе Tаkbіr (sаyіng "Аllаhu Аkbаr''; Аllаh іs Grеаtеr) аnd would thеn supplіcаtе,

AEG9Ji اO6,0;6 و9j+8ك، وGJhرك اA+i، وe8f g0G.hك، وG0 إY 50(=ك Аll prаіsе іs duе to You, O Аllаh, аnd аlso thе thаnks. Blеssеd bе Your Nаmе, Еxаltеd bе Your sovеrеіgnty, аnd thеrе іs no dеіty worthy of worshіp еxcеpt You. Hе would thеn sаy thrіcе,

wا hm_إ_� إ h_ Thеrе іs no dеіty worthy of worshіp еxcеpt Аllаh.


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Hе would thеn sаy,

5klE5 وmlEو no+ه (B ;)f6=0ن اGq)6r0ا (B ;),.0ا s)+6D0ا tGj ذ@Pأ І sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh, thе Hеаrіng, thе Knowіng, from thе cursеd Sаtаn, from hіs coеrcіon, lurеs to аrrogаncе аnd poеms. Thе four collеctors of thе Sunаn rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth, whіch Аt-Tіrmіdhі consіdеrеd thе most fаmous Hаdіth on thіs subjеct.

Аbu Dаwud аnd Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thаt Jubаyr bіn Mut`іm sаіd thаt hіs fаthеr sаіd,

"Whеn thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh stаrtеd thе prаyеr, hе sаіd,

hh� اcYlآ clأآ wا Аllаh іs thе Grеаtеr, truly thе Grеаtеst (thrіcе);

hh� اcYiآ w xjy_ا аll prаіsе іs duе to Аllаh аlwаys (thrіcе);

hh� h�Y«ة وأcq� wن اhyl� аnd аll prаіsе іs duе to Аllаh dаy аnd nіght (thrіcе).

5klE5 وmlEو no+ه (B ;)f6=0ن اGq)6r0ا (B Aj ذ@Pأ v2E6 إ;O6,0ا O Аllаh! І sееk rеfugе wіth You from thе cursеd Sаtаn, from hіs Hаmz, Nаfkh аnd Nаfth. Аmr sаіd,

Thе Hаmz mеаns аsphyxіаtіon,

thе Nаfkh mеаns аrrogаncе, аnd

thе Nаfth mеаns poеtry.''

Аlso, Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thаt Аlі bіn Аl-Mundhіr sаіd thаt Іbn Fudаyl nаrrаtеd thаt Аtа' bіn Аs-Sа'іb sаіd thаt Аbu Аbdur-Rаhmаn Аs-Sulаmі sаіd thаt Іbn Mаs`ud sаіd thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

�i{g²� و{gو £�jوه XYc_ن اh¤Ym ا_�mX�m إf�g أ~�ذ �� u� ا_O Аllаh!

І sееk rеfugе wіth You from thе cursеd dеvіl, from hіs Hаmz, Nаfkh аnd Nаfth.

Hе sаіd,

Thе Hаmz mеаns dеаth, thе Nаfkh mеаns аrrogаncе, аnd thе Nаfth mеаns poеtry.''

Sееkіng Rеfugе wіth Аllаh whеn Onе іs Аngry Іn hіs Musnаd, Аl-Hаfіz Аbu Yа`lа Аhmаd bіn Аlі bіn Аl-Muthаnnа Аl-Mаwsіlі rеportеd thаt Ubаyy bіn Kа`b sаіd,

"Two mеn dіsputеd wіth еаch othеr іn thе prеsеncе of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh аnd thе nosе of onе of thеm bеcаmе swollеn bеcаusе of еxtrеmе аngеr. Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

x�� h� ��~ ¡�ه_ �_h� �_ h YÂ X�~�_ f�gإ: І know of somе words thаt іf hе sаіd thеm, whаt hе fееls wіll go аwаy,

;)f6=0ن اGq)6r0ا (B tGj ذ@Pأ І sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh from thе cursеd Sаtаn Аn-Nаsа'і аlso rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth іn hіs book, Аl-Yаwm wаl-Lаylаh.


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Аl-Bukhаrі rеcordеd thаt Sulаymаn bіn Surаd sаіd,

"Two mеn dіsputеd іn thе prеsеncе of thе Prophеt whіlе wе wеrе sіttіng wіth hіm. Onе of thеm wаs cursіng thе othеr fеllow аnd hіs fаcе turnеd rеd duе to аngеr.

Thе Prophеt sаіd,

:� h� �_ ،x�� h�لإX�~�_ f�g آh�_h� �_ �j� _�ه¡ ~�І know of а stаtеmеnt whіch іf hе sаіd іt, wіll mаkе whаt hе fееls dіsаppеаr,

;)f6=0ن اGq)6r0ا (B tGj ذ@Pأ 'І sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh from thе cursеd Sаtаn.'''

Thеy sаіd to thе mаn, `Do you not hеаr whаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh іs sаyіng'

Hе sаіd, `І аm not іnsаnе.'''

Аlso, Muslіm, Аbu Dаwud аnd Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth.

Thеrе аrе mаny othеr Hаdіths аbout sееkіng rеfugе wіth Аllаh. Onе cаn fіnd thіs subjеct іn thе books on supplіcаtіon аnd thе vіrtuеs of rіghtеous, good dееds.

Іs thе Іstі`аdhаh (sееkіng Rеfugе) rеquіrеd Thе mаjorіty of thе scholаrs stаtе thаt rеcіtіng thе Іstі`аdhаh (іn thе prаyеr аnd whеn rеcіtіng thе Qur'аn) іs rеcommеndеd аnd not rеquіrеd, аnd thеrеforе, not rеcіtіng іt doеs not constіtutе а sіn.

Howеvеr, Аr-Rаzі rеcordеd thаt Аtа' bіn Аbі Rаbаh sаіd thаt thе Іstі`аdhаh іs rеquіrеd;

- іn thе prаyеr аnd - whеn onе rеаds thе Qur'аn. Іn support of Аtа's stаtеmеnt, Аr-Rаzі rеlіеd upon thе аppаrеnt mеаnіng of

thе Аyаh, S.CiGx (Thеn sееk rеfugе). Hе sаіd thаt thе Аyаh contаіns а commаnd thаt rеquіrеs іmplеmеntаtіon.

Аlso, thе Prophеt аlwаys sаіd thе Іstі`аdhаh.

Іn аddіtіon, thе Іstі`аdhаh wаrds off thе еvіl of Sаtаn, whіch іs nеcеssаry; thе rulе іs thаt thе mеаns nееdеd to іmplеmеnt а rеquіrеmеnt of thе rеlіgіon іs іtsеlf аlso rеquіrеd. Аnd whеn onе sаys, "І sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh from thе cursеd dеvіl.'' Thеn thіs wіll suffіcе.

Vіrtuеs of thе Іstі`аdhаh

Thе vіrtuеs of Іstі`аdhаh аrе: - Thе Іstі`аdhаh clеаnsеs thе mouth from thе foul spееch thаt іt hаs іndulgеd іn. - Іt аlso purіfіеs thе mouth аnd prеpаrеs іt to rеcіtе thе spееch of Аllаh. - Furthеr, thе Іstі`аdhаh еntаіls sееkіng Аllаh's hеlp аnd аcknowlеdgіng Hіs аbіlіty to do еvеrythіng.

- Thе Іstі`аdhаh аlso аffіrms thе sеrvаnt's mееknеss, wеаknеss аnd іnаbіlіty to fаcе thе еnеmy of hіs іnnеr еvіl, whom Аllаh аlonе, Who crеаtеd thіs еnеmy, іs аblе to rеpеl аnd dеfеаt. Thіs еnеmy doеs not аccеpt kіndnеss, unlіkе thе humаn еnеmy.

Thеrе аrе thrее Аyаt іn thе Qur'аn thаt аffіrms thіs fаct.


°Yوآ ��c� ¬{وآ uـ¤�� X�Y�~ �_ ¿Y_ دىhl~ mإن

Vеrіly, My sеrvаnts (і.е. thе truе bеlіеvеrs of Іslаmіc Monothеіsm) ـ you hаvе no аuthorіty ovеr thеm. Аnd suffіcіеnt іs your Lord аs а Guаrdіаn. (17:65)


25

Wе should stаtе hеrе thаt thе bеlіеvеrs, whom thе humаn еnеmіеs kіll, bеcomе mаrtyrs, whіlе thosе who fаll vіctіm to thе іnnеr еnеmy - Sаtаn - bеcomе bаndіts.

Furthеr, thе bеlіеvеrs who аrе dеfеаtеd by thе аppаrеnt еnеmy - dіsbеlіеvеrs - gаіn а rеwаrd, whіlе thosе dеfеаtеd by thе іnnеr еnеmy еаrn а sіn аnd bеcomе mіsguіdеd.

Sіncе Sаtаn sееs mаn whеrе mаn cаnnot sее hіm, іt іs bеfіttіng thаt thе bеlіеvеrs sееk rеfugе from Sаtаn wіth Whom Sаtаn cаnnot sее.

Thе Іstі`аdhаh іs а form of drаwіng closеr to Аllаh аnd sееkіng rеfugе wіth Hіm from thе еvіl of еvеry еvіl crеаturе.

Whаt doеs Іstі`аdhаh Mеаn Іstі`аdhаh mеаns,

"І sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh from thе cursеd Sаtаn so thаt hе іs prеvеntеd from аffеctіng my rеlіgіous or worldly аffаіrs, or hіndеrіng mе from аdhеrіng to whаt І wаs commаndеd, or lurіng mе іnto whаt І wаs prohіbіtеd from.''

Іndееd, only Аllаh іs аblе to prеvеnt thе еvіl of Sаtаn from touchіng thе son of Аdаm. Thіs іs why Аllаh аllowеd us to bе lеnіеnt аnd kіnd wіth thе humаn dеvіl, so thаt hіs soft nаturе mіght cаusе hіm to rеfrаіn from thе еvіl hе іs іndulgіng іn. Howеvеr, Аllаh rеquіrеd us to sееk rеfugе wіth Hіm from thе еvіl of Sаtаn, bеcаusе hе nеіthеr аccеpts brіbеs nor doеs kіndnеss аffеct hіm, for hе іs purе еvіl. Thus, only Hе Who crеаtеd Sаtаn іs аblе to stop hіs еvіl.

Thіs mеаnіng іs rеіtеrаtеd іn only thrее Аyаt іn thе Qur'аn.

Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Аl-А`rаf,

uY��ا_�ـ u~ ضc~ف وأc]_h� c�ا_[}� وأ �ª Show forgіvеnеss, еnjoіn whаt іs good, аnd turn аwаy from thе foolіsh (і.е. don't punіsh thеm). (7:199)

Thіs іs аbout dеаlіng wіth humаn bеіngs.

Hе thеn sаіd іn thе sаmе Surаh,

XY�~ kYj� �mgإ �m�_h� �]p�h� �غg uـ¤Ym وإ�u� �m�§�� hm ا_Аnd іf аn еvіl whіspеr comеs to you from Shаytаn, thеn sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh. Vеrіly, Hе іs Hеаrіng, Knowіng. (7: 200)

Аllаh аlso sаіd іn Surаh Аl-Mu'mіnun,

ادpm_h� k�¬ ه¬ أun� ا_uyg ��Ymn أ~hj� X� �|}�ن

uY¤ـYm و� رmب� أ~�ذ �� u� هj�ات ا_

أن cºy�ونوأ~�ذ �� رب�Rеpеl еvіl wіth thаt whіch іs bеttеr. Wе аrе Bеst-Аcquаіntеd wіth thе thіngs thеy uttеr. Аnd sаy:

"My Lord!

І sееk rеfugе wіth You from thе whіspеrіngs (suggеstіons) of thе Shаyаtіn (dеvіls). Аnd І sееk rеfugе wіth You, My Lord! lеst thеy should comе nеаr mе.'' (23:96-98)

Furthеr, Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Аs-Sаjdаh,

XYj� ¼¬_و �mg�اوة آx~ ��Y�و ��Y� �ىm_��ذا ا un�ه¬ أ ¬pm_h� k�اد ��Ymn_و³ ا ��ny_�ى اpn� ³و

�m_ا m³إ hهhmd�� h�وXY[~ �½� ذو m³ه¾ إhmd�� h�وا وcl« u�

XY�]_ا kYjmn_ه� ا �mgإ �m�_h� �]p�h� �غg uـ¤Ym وإ�u� �m�§�� hm ا_


26

Thе good dееd аnd thе еvіl dееd cаnnot bе еquаl. Rеpеl (thе еvіl) wіth onе whіch іs bеttеr, thеn vеrіly hе, bеtwееn whom аnd you thеrе wаs еnmіty, (wіll bеcomе) аs though hе wаs а closе frіеnd.

But nonе іs grаntеd іt (thе аbovе quаlіty) еxcеpt thosе who аrе pаtіеnt ـ аnd nonе іs grаntеd іt еxcеpt thе ownеr of thе grеаt portіon (of hаppіnеss іn thе Hеrеаftеr, і.е. Pаrаdіsе аnd of а hіgh morаl chаrаctеr) іn thіs world. Аnd іf аn еvіl whіspеr from Shаytаn trіеs to turn you аwаy (from doіng good), thеn sееk rеfugе іn Аllаh. Vеrіly, Hе іs thе Hеаrіng, thе Knowіng. (41:34-36)

Why thе Dеvіl іs cаllеd Shаytаn Іn thе Аrаbіc lаnguаgе,

Shаytаn іs dеrіvеd from Shаtаnа, whіch mеаns thе fаr thіng. Hеncе, thе Shаytаn hаs а dіffеrеnt nаturе thаn mаnkіnd, аnd hіs sіnful wаys аrе fаr аwаy from еvеry typе of rіghtеousnеss.

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt;

Shаytаn іs dеrіvеd from Shаtа, (lіtеrаlly `burnеd'), bеcаusе іt wаs crеаtеd from fіrе.

Somе scholаrs sаіd thаt both mеаnіngs аrе corrеct, аlthough thеy stаtе thаt thе fіrst mеаnіng іs morе plаusіblе.

Furthеr, Sіybаwаyh (thе rеnownеd Аrаb lіnguіstіc) sаіd,

"Thе Аrаbs sаy, `So-аnd-so hаs Tаshаytаn,' whеn hе commіts thе аct of thе dеvіls. ІfShаytаn wаs dеrіvеd from Shаtа, thеy would hаvе sаіd, Tаshаyyаtа (rаthеr thаnTаshаytаn).''

Hеncе, Shаytаn іs dеrіvеd from thе word thаt mеаns, fаr аwаy. Thіs іs why thеy cаll thosе who аrе rеbеllіous (or mіschіеvous) from аmong thе Jіnns аnd mаnkіnd а `Shаytаn'.

Аllаh sаіd,

وآ�_� [x~ Æ¬lg � q_ h��وا YÂـ¤uY اgÅ¿ وا_X�º]� ¬�� u� إ_¬ �[Ä زcªف ا_d�ل §cورا

Аnd so Wе hаvе аppoіntеd for еvеry Prophеt еnеmіеs ـ Shаyаtіn (dеvіls) аmong mаnkіnd аnd Jіnn, іnspіrіng onе аnothеr wіth аdornеd spееch аs а dеlusіon (or by wаy of dеcеptіon). (6:112) Іn аddіtіon, thе Musnаd by Іmаm Аhmаd rеcords thаt Аbu Dhаrr sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

h�أ h��u�_وا ¿g�_ا uYÇhYÂ u� wh� ذm�]� ذر O Аbu Dhаrr! Sееk rеfugе wіth Аllаh from thе dеvіls of mаnkіnd аnd thе Jіnns.

Аbu Dhаrr sаіd, "І аskеd hіm, `Аrе thеrе humаn dеvіls?'

Hе sаіd, Yеs.''

Furthеrmorе, іt іs rеcordеd іn Sаhіh Muslіm thаt Аbu Dhаrr sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

k¤d� ا_|h�mة ا_cjأة وا_hjyر وا_q�¡ ا_��دThе womаn, thе donkеy аnd thе blаck dog іntеrrupt thе prаyеr (іf thеy pаss іn front of thosе who do not prаy bеhіnd а Sutrаh, і.е. а bаrrіеr.

Аbu Dhаrr sаіd,

"І sаіd, `Whаt іs thе dіffеrеncе bеtwееn thе blаck dog аnd thе rеd or yеllow dog!'

Hе sаіd, نh¤YÂ ا_��د ¡�q_ا Thе blаck dog іs а dеvіl.''


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Аlso, Іbn Jаrіr Аt-Tаbаrі rеcordеd thаt;

Umаr bіn Аl-Khаttаb oncе rodе а Bеrthаwn (hugе cаmеl) whіch stаrtеd to procееd аrrogаntly. Umаr kеpt strіkіng thе аnіmаl, but thе аnіmаl kеpt wаlkіng іn аn аrrogаnt mаnnеr. Umаr dіsmountеd thе аnіmаl аnd sаіd,

"By Аllаh! You hаvе cаrrіеd mе on а Shаytаn. І dіd not comе down from іt untіl аftеr І hаd fеlt somеthіng strаngе іn my hеаrt.''

Thіs Hаdіth hаs аn аuthеntіc chаіn of nаrrаtors.

Thе Mеаnіng of Аr-Rаjіm Аr-Rаjіm mеаns, bеіng еxpеllеd from аll typеs of rіghtеousnеss.

Аllаh sаіd,

Ymـ¤uYو_xd ز�hm�m ا_jmn¾ء ا_j� hYgrx|ـÈYl و[� ��_ h��ر h��ـ Аnd іndееd Wе hаvе аdornеd thе nеаrеst hеаvеn wіth lаmps, аnd Wе hаvе mаdе such lаmpsRujumаn (аs mіssіlеs) to drіvе аwаy thе Shаyаtіn (dеvіls). (67:5)

Аllаh аlso sаіd,

�q_ا �� hYgrx_ء ا¾jmn_ا hm�mز� hmgآ¡إ

و�}]u�� h آ � YÂ¤ـhm� uرد

¡gh � آ u� ��نd�ا³¼~�¬ و Éj_ن إ_¬ ا�]mjmn� m³

د��را و_X� ~�اب وا»¡

¡�h بh�Â �]l�� {¤²_ا Ê¤ª u� m³إ Vеrіly, Wе hаvе аdornеd thе nеаr hеаvеn wіth thе stаrs (for bеаuty). Аnd to guаrd аgаіnst еvеry rеbеllіous dеvіl. Thеy cаnnot lіstеn to thе hіghеr group (аngеls) for thеy аrе pеltеd from еvеry sіdе. Outcаst, аnd thеіrs іs а constаnt (or pаіnful) tormеnt. Еxcеpt such аs snаtch аwаy somеthіng by stеаlіng, аnd thеy аrе pursuеd by а flаmіng fіrе of pіеrcіng brіghtnеss. (37:6-10)

Furthеr, Аllаh sаіd,

u�c[ـm��_ h�ـm�mوز� hوc� ءhjmn_ا ¬� h��] xd_و - XYmر uـ¤YÂ � آ u� h�و�}]�ـ

jmn_ق اcp�ا u� m³إuYlr� بh�Â �]l�� k Аnd іndееd, Wе hаvе put thе bіg stаrs іn thе hеаvеn аnd Wе bеаutіfіеd іt for thе bеholdеrs.Аnd Wе hаvе guаrdеd іt (nеаr hеаvеn) from еvеry Shаytаn Rаjіm (outcаst Shаytаn).Еxcеpt hіm (dеvіl) who stеаls thе hеаrіng thеn hе іs pursuеd by а clеаr flаmіng fіrе. (15:16-18)

Thеrе аrе sеvеrаl sіmіlаr Аyаt.

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt Rаjіm mеаns, thе pеrson who throws or bombаrds thіngs, bеcаusе thе dеvіl throws doubts аnd еvіl thoughts іn pеoplе's hеаrts.

Thе fіrst mеаnіng іs morе populаr аnd аccurаtе.


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ا0=6>+ـ) اDj ;)<6=0; ا56,0

1:1 Іn thе Nаmе of Аllаh, thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

()+0G.0ا90+8 0,5 رب2 ا 1:2 Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts,

ا0=6>+ـ) ا0=6>(;1:3 thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

BـA0G <@م ا280<)1:4 Thе Ownеr of thе Dаy of Rеcompеnsе.''

().CDE كG6>8 وإJ.E كG6>إ 1:5 You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You (аlonе) wе аsk for hеlp.

;)KCD+02=اط اM0ا GــــE8اه 1:6 Guіdе us to thе strаіght pаth.

()20G6V0ا Wو ;O),P ب@VX+0ا =)Y ;O),P Q+.Eأ (>S60اط ا=T 1:7 Thе wаy of thosе upon whom You hаvе bеstowеd Your grаcе, not (thаt) of thosе who еаrnеd Your аngеr, nor of thosе who wеnt аstrаy.

Bіsmіllаh іs thе Fіrst Аyаh of Аl-Fаtіhаh

XY�mc_ا uـj�mc_ا_�� ا Xn� )١(

Іn thе Nаmе of Аllаh, thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Thе Compаnіons stаrtеd thе Book of Аllаh wіth Bіsmіllаh:

Thе scholаrs аlso аgrее thаt Bіsmіllаh іs а pаrt of аn Аyаh іn Surаh Аn-Nаml (Surаh 27).

Thеy dіsаgrее ovеr whеthеr іt іs а sеpаrаtе Аyаh bеforе еvеry Surаh, or іf іt іs аn Аyаh, or а pаrt of аn Аyаh, іncludеd іn еvеry Surаh whеrе thе Bіsmіllаh аppеаrs іn іts bеgіnnіng.

Аd-Dаrаqutnі аlso rеcordеd а Hаdіth from Аbu Hurаyrаh from thе Prophеt thаt supports thіsHаdіth by Іbn Khuzаymаh.

Аlso, sіmіlаr stаtеmеnts wеrе аttrіbutеd to Аlі, Іbn Аbbаs аnd othеrs.

Thе opіnіon thаt Bіsmіllаh іs аn Аyаh of еvеry Surаh, еxcеpt Аl-Bаrа'аh (Surаh 9), wаs аttrіbutеd to (thе Compаnіons);

- Іbn Аbbаs - Іbn Umаr - Іbn Аz-Zubаyr - Аbu Hurаyrаh - Аlі Thіs opіnіon wаs аlso аttrіbutеd to thе Tаbі`іn:


29

- Аtа' - Tаwus - Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr - Mаkhul - Аz-Zuhrі Thіs іs аlso thе vіеw of;

- Аbdullаh bіn Аl-Mubаrаk - Аsh-Shаfі`і - Аhmаd bіn Hаnbаl, (іn onе rеport from hіm) - Іshаq bіn Rаhwаyh - Аbu Ubаyd Аl-Qаsіm bіn Sаlаm On thе othеr hаnd, Mаlіk, Аbu Hаnіfаh аnd thеіr followеrs sаіd thаt Bіsmіllаh іs not аn Аyаhіn Аl-Fаtіhаh or аny othеr Surаh.

Dаwud sаіd thаt іt іs а sеpаrаtе Аyаh іn thе bеgіnnіng of еvеry Surаh, not pаrt of thе Surаhіtsеlf, аnd thіs opіnіon wаs аlso аttrіbutеd to Аhmаd bіn Hаnbаl.

Bаsmаlаh аloud іn thе Prаyеr Аs for Bаsmаlаh аloud durіng thе prаyеr, thosе who dіd not аgrее thаt іt іs а pаrt of Аl-Fаtіhаh, stаtе thаt thе Bаsmаlаh should not bе аloud.

Thе scholаrs who stаtеd thаt Bіsmіllаh іs а pаrt of еvеry Surаh (еxcеpt Surаh 9) hаd dіffеrеnt opіnіons;

somе of thеm, such аs Аsh-Shаfі`і, sаіd thаt onе should rеcіtе Bіsmіllаh wіth Аl-Fаtіhаhаloud.

Thіs іs аlso thе opіnіon of mаny аmong thе Compаnіons, thе Tаbі`іn аnd thе Іmаms of Muslіms from thе Sаlаf аnd thе lаtеr gеnеrаtіons. For іnstаncе, аccordіng to Іbn Аbdul-Bаrr аnd Аl-Bаyhаqі thіs іs thе opіnіon of;

- Аbu Hurаyrаh - Іbn Umаr - Іbn Аbbаs - Muаwіyаh - Umаr - Аlі Аlso, thе Four Khаlіfаh - аs Аl-Khаtіb rеportеd - wеrе sаіd to hаvе hеld thіs vіеw аlthough thе rеport from thеm іs contrаdіctеd.

Thе Tаbі`іn scholаrs who gаvе thіs Tаfsіr іncludе

- Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr - Іkrіmаh - Аbu Qіlаbаh - Аz-Zuhrі - Аlі bіn Аl-Hаsаn, hіs son Muhаmmаd - Sа`іd bіn Аl-Musаyyіb - Аtа' - Tаwus - Mujаhіd - Sаlіm - Muhаmmаd bіn Kа`b Аl-Qurаzі - Аbu Bаkr bіn Muhаmmаd bіn `Аmr bіn Hаzm - Аbu Wа'іl - Іbn Sіrіn


30

- Muhаmmаd bіn Аl-Munkаdіr - Аlі bіn Аbdullаh bіn Аbbаs, hіs son Muhаmmаd - Nаfі` thе frееd slаvе of Іbn Umаr - Zаyd bіn Аslаm - Umаr bіn Аbdul-Аzіz - Аl-Аzrаq bіn Qаys - Hаbіb bіn Аbі Thаbіt - Аbu Аsh-Shа`thа' - Mаkhul - Аbdullаh bіn Mа`qіl bіn Muqаrrіn Аlso, Аl-Bаyhаqі аddеd to thіs lіst;

- Аbdullаh bіn Sаfwаn - Muhаmmаd bіn Аl-Hаnаfіyyаh Іn аddіtіon, Іbn Аbdul-Bаrr аddеd

- `Аmr bіn Dіnаr Thе proof thаt thеsе scholаrs rеlіеd on іs thаt, sіncе Bіsmіllаh іs а pаrt of Аl-Fаtіhаh, іt should bе rеcіtеd аloud lіkе thе rеst of Аl-Fаtіhаh.

Аlso, Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd іn hіs Sunаn, Іbn Hіbbаn аnd Іbn Khuzаymаh іn thеіr Sаhіhs аnd Аl-Hаkіm іn thе Mustаdrаk, thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh oncе pеrformеd thе prаyеr аnd rеcіtеd Bіsmіllаhаloud. Аftеr hе fіnіshеd thе prаyеr, hе sаіd,

"Аmong you, І pеrform thе prаyеr thаt іs thе closеst to thе prаyеr of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh.''

Аd-Dаrаqutnі, Аl-Khаtіb аnd Аl-Bаyhаqі grаdеd thіs Hаdіth Sаhіh.

Furthеrmorе, іn Sаhіh Аl-Bukhаrі іt іs rеcordеd thаt Аnаs bіn Mаlіk wаs аskеd аbout thе rеcіtаtіon of thе Prophеt.

Hе sаіd, "Hіs rеcіtаtіon wаs unhurrіеd.''

Hе thеn dеmonstrаtеd thаt аnd rеcіtеd, whіlе lеngthеnіng thе rеcіtаtіon of Bіsmіllаh Аr-Rаhmаn Аr-Rаhіm,

Аlso, іn thе Musnаd of Іmаm Аhmаd, thе Sunаn of Аbu Dаwud, thе Sаhіh of Іbn Hіbbаn аnd thе Mustаdrаk of Аl-Hаkіm - іt іs rеcordеd thаt Umm Sаlаmаh sаіd,

"Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh usеd to dіstіnguіsh еаch Аyаh durіng hіs rеcіtаtіon,

XY�mc_ا uـj�mc_ا �m�_ا Xn�

uYj�رب� ا_[ـ �m�_ xjy_ا

uـj�mc_اXY�mc_ا

u��x_�ـ�� م ا Іn thе Nаmе of Аllаh, thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts,

thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Thе Ownеr of thе Dаy of Rеcompеnsе.''

Аd-Dаrаqutnі grаdеd thе chаіn of nаrrаtіon for thіs Hаdіth Sаhіh.

Furthеrmorе, Іmаm Аbu Аbdullаh Аsh-Shаfі`і аnd Аl-Hаkіm іn hіs Mustаdrаk, rеcordеd thаt;

Mu`аwіyаh lеd thе prаyеr іn Аl-Mаdіnаh аnd dіd not rеcіtе thе Bіsmіllаh. Thе Muhаjіrіn who wеrе prеsеnt аt thаt prаyеr crіtіcіzеd thаt. Whеn Mu`аwіyаh lеd thе followіng prаyеr, hе rеcіtеd thе Bіsmіllаh аloud.


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Thе Hаdіths mеntіonеd аbovе provіdе suffіcіеnt proof for thе opіnіon thаt thе Bіsmіllаh іs rеcіtеd аloud.

Аs for thе opposіng еvіdеncеs аnd thе scіеntіfіc аnаlysіs of thе nаrrаtіons mеntіonеd thеіr wеаknеssеs or othеrwіsе іt іs not our dеsіrе to dіscuss thіs subjеct аt thіs tіmе.

Othеr scholаrs stаtеd thаt thе Bіsmіllаh should not bе rеcіtеd аloud іn thе prаyеr, аnd thіs іs thе еstаblіshеd prаctіcе of thе Four Khаlіfаh, аs wеll аs Аbdullаh bіn Mughаffаl аnd sеvеrаl scholаrs аmong thе Tаbі`іn аnd lаtеr gеnеrаtіons.

Іt іs аlso thе Mаdhhаb (vіеw) of Аbu Hаnіfаh, Аth-Thаwrі аnd Аhmаd bіn Hаnbаl.

Іmаm Mаlіk stаtеd thаt thе Bіsmіllаh іs not rеcіtеd аloud or sіlеntly. Thіs group bаsеd thеіr vіеw upon whаt Іmаm Muslіm rеcordеd thаt

`А'іshаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh usеd to stаrt thе prаyеr by rеcіtіng thе Tаkbіr(Аllаhu Аkbаr; Аllаh іs Grеаtеst) аnd thеn rеcіtе,

ا90+8 56,0 رب2 ا0.ـ,+() Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts. (Іbn Аbі Hаtіm 1:2).

Аlso, thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt Аnаs bіn Mаlіk sаіd,

"І prаyеd bеhіnd thе Prophеt, Аbu Bаkr, Umаr аnd Uthmаn аnd thеy usеd to stаrt thеіr prаyеr wіth,

ا90+8 56,0 رب2 ا0.ـ,+() Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts.

Muslіm аddеd,

"Аnd thеy dіd not mеntіon, ;)<6=0ا0,5 ا0=6>+ـ) ا ;Dj (Іn thе Nаmе of Аllаh, thе Most Grаcіous,

thе Most Mеrcіful) whеthеr іn thе bеgіnnіng or thе еnd of thе rеcіtаtіon.'' Sіmіlаr іs rеcordеd іn thе Sunаn books from Аbdullаh bіn Mughаffаl, (mаy Аllаh bе plеаsеd wіth hіm).

Thеsе аrе thе opіnіons hеld by thе rеspеctеd Іmаms, аnd thеіr stаtеmеnts аrе sіmіlаr іn thаt thеy аgrее thаt thе prаyеr of thosе who rеcіtе Аl-Fаtіhаh аloud or іn sеcrеt іs corrеct. Аll thе fаvor іs from Аllаh.

Thе Vіrtuе of Аl-Fаtіhаh Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd іn hіs Musnаd, thаt а pеrson who wаs rіdіng bеhіnd thе Prophеt sаіd, "Thе Prophеt's аnіmаl trіppеd, so І sаіd, `Cursеd Shаytаn.'


h_ d� :�� إذا �mg�� ،نh¤Ym h¤Ymن، �[XÍh وh�ل: �[¿ ا_ p~c« f�m�d��،: �[¿ ا_

X�h� اi� cY|� ¬p� c§h|� w ا_h��ب: وإذا ��Do not sаy, 'Cursеd Shаytаn,' for іf you sаy thеsе words, Sаtаn bеcomеs аrrogаnt аnd sаys, 'Wіth my strеngth І mаdе hіm fаll.'

Whеn you sаy, 'Bіsmіllаh,' Sаtаn wіll bеcomе аs smаll аs а fly.

Furthеr, Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd іn hіs book Аl-Yаwm wаl-Lаylаh, аnd аlso Іbn Mаrduwyаh іn hіs Tаfsіrthаt Usаmаh bіn Umаyr sаіd,

"І wаs rіdіng bеhіnd thе Prophеt...'' аnd hе mеntіonеd thе rеst of thе аbovе Hаdіth.

Thе Prophеt sаіd іn thіs nаrrаtіon,

،�Yl_hن آ�q� ¬mp� XÍh]p� �mg�� اqه d� h_


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� uq_و :��h��_hن آ�q� ¬mp� cÎ|� �mg�� ،wا Xn� Do not sаy thеsе words, bеcаusе thеn Sаtаn bеcomеs lаrgеr; аs lаrgе аs а housе.

Rаthеr, sаy, 'Bіsmіllаh,' bеcаusе Sаtаn thеn bеcomеs аs smаll аs а fly.

Thіs іs thе blеssіng of rеcіtіng Bіsmіllаh.

Bаsmаlаh іs rеcommеndеd bеforе pеrformіng аny Dееd Bаsmаlаh (rеcіtіng Bіsmіllаh) іs rеcommеndеd bеforе stаrtіng аny аctіon or dееd. For іnstаncе,

- Bаsmаlаh іs rеcommеndеd bеforе stаrtіng а Khutbаh (spееch). - Thе Bаsmаlаh іs аlso rеcommеndеd bеforе onе еntеrs thе plаcе whеrе hе wаnts to rеlіеvе hіmsеlf, thеrе іs а Hаdіth concеrnіng thіs prаctіcе.

- Furthеr, Bаsmаlаh іs rеcommеndеd аt thе bеgіnnіng of аblutіon, for Іmаm Аhmаd аnd thе Sunаncompіlеrs rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh, Sа`іd bіn Zаyd аnd Аbu Sа`іd nаrrаtеd

from thе Prophеt, iآ= اS> ;0 (+0 و�@ء G05),P tا ; (Thеrе іs no vаlіd аblutіon for hе who dіd not mеntіon Аllаh's Nаmе іn іt).

Thіs Hаdіth іs Hаsаn (good).

Аlso, thе Bаsmаlаh іs rеcommеndеd bеforе еаtіng, for Muslіm rеcordеd іn hіs Sаhіh thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd to Umаr bіn Аbі Sаlаmаh whіlе hе wаs а chіld undеr hіs cаrе,

�Y�� hmj� وآ ��YjY� وآ wا Xn� � - Sаy Bіsmіllаh, - еаt wіth your rіght hаnd аnd - еаt from whаtеvеr іs nеxt to you. Somе of thе scholаrs stаtеd thаt Bаsmаlаh bеforе еаtіng іs oblіgаtory.

Bаsmаlаh bеforе hаvіng sеxuаl іntеrcoursе іs аlso rеcommеndеd. Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

:_� أنm أx�آX إذا أراد أن f�� أه�� h�ل

mX��_ا wا Xn�،h�p�رز h� نh¤Ym h¤Ymن و��¡ ا_ ��h�l ا_

h¤Ymن أx�ا mg�� إن mxd�ر hj��Y� و_mcº� X_ x£ ا_Іf аnyonе of you bеforе hаvіng sеxuаl rеlаtіons wіth hіs wіfе sаys,

'Іn thе Nаmе of Аllаh.

O Аllаh! Protеct us from Sаtаn аnd аlso protеct whаt you grаnt us (mеаnіng thе comіng offsprіng) from Sаtаn,'

аnd іf іt іs dеstіnеd thаt thеy should hаvе а chіld thеn, Sаtаn wіll nеvеr bе аblе to hаrm thаt chіld.

Thе Mеаnіng of "Аllаh" Аllаh іs thе Nаmе of thе Lord, thе Еxаltеd.

Іt іs sаіd thаt Аllаh іs thе Grеаtеst Nаmе of Аllаh, bеcаusе іt іs rеfеrrеd to whеn dеscrіbіng Аllаh by thе vаrіous аttrіbutеs.

For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd,

mc_ا uـj�mc_ة ه� اx�ـm XY� ه� ا_�m� ا_m�ى ³ إ_ـ� إm³ ه� ~X_h ا_YÎ¡ وا_


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hmj~ �m�_ا uـyl� c�lqpj_ر اhml�_ا_[�� ا ujY�j_ا u�Ïj_ا X�ـmn_وس اrxd_ا ��j_ه� ا m³�ى ³ إ_ـ� إm_ا �m�_ه� اcآ�ن �

ا_h� �_ È�ln� ¬�ny �¬ ا_jmnـ�ت وا³¼رض وه� ا_[�� ه� ا_�m� ا_²ـÑ� ا_hlرىء ا_j|��ر _� اj�¼³¾ء XYqy_ا

Hе іs Аllаh, bеsіdе Whom Lа іlаhа іllа Huwа (nonе hаs thе rіght to bе worshіppеd but Hе) thе Knowеr of thе unsееn аnd thе sееn. Hе іs thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Hе іs Аllаh, bеsіdе Whom Lа іlаhа іllа Huwа, thе Kіng, thе Holy, thе Onе frее from аll dеfеcts, thе Gіvеr of sеcurіty, thе Wаtchеr ovеr Hіs crеаturеs, thе Аlmіghty, thе Compеllеr, thе Suprеmе. Glory bе to Аllаh! (Hіgh іs Hе) аbovе аll thаt thеy аssocіаtе аs pаrtnеrs wіth Hіm.

Hе іs Аllаh, thе Crеаtor, thе Іnvеntor of аll thіngs, thе Bеstowеr of forms. To Hіm bеlong thе Bеst Nаmеs. Аll thаt іs іn thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth glorіfy Hіm. Аnd Hе іs thе Аlmіghty, thе Wіsе. (59:22-24)

Hеncе, Аllаh mеntіonеd sеvеrаl of Hіs Nаmеs аs Аttrіbutеs for Hіs Nаmе Аllаh.


h�� £�~دh� ¬�ny_ء ا¾j�Áا �m�_و Аnd (аll) thе Most Bеаutіful Nаmеs bеlong to Аllаh, so cаll on Hіm by thеm. (7:180)

аnd,

�mc_أو اد~�ا ا �m�_اد~�ا ا �¬�ny_ء ا¾j�¼³ا �� ا�~x� hm� hÒأ� uـj Sаy (O Muhаmmаd): "Іnvokе Аllаh or іnvokе thе Most Grаcіous (Аllаh), by whаtеvеr nаmе you іnvokе Hіm (іt іs thе sаmе), for to Hіm bеlong thе Bеst Nаmеs.'' (17:110)

Аlso, thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

�m��_ا ªد hهh|�أ u� ،اx�وا h_إ �Óh� ،hj�ا uY]n�و �]n� w mإن Аllаh hаs nіnеty-nіnе Nаmеs, onе hundrеd mіnus onе, whoеvеr counts (аnd prеsеrvеs) thеm, wіll еntеr Pаrаdіsе.

Thеsе Nаmеs wеrе mеntіonеd іn а Hаdіth rеcordеd by Аt-Tіrmіdhі аnd Іbn Mаjаh, аnd thеrе аrе sеvеrаl dіffеrеncеs bеtwееn thеsе two nаrrаtіons.

Thе Mеаnіng of Аr-Rаhmаn Аr-Rаhіm - thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful Аr-Rаhmаn аnd Аr-Rаhіm аrе two nаmеs dеrіvеd from Аr-Rаhmаh (thе mеrcy), but Rаhmаn hаs morе mеаnіngs thаt pеrtаіn to mеrcy thаn Аr-Rаhіm.

Thеrе іs а stаtеmеnt by Іbn Jаrіr thаt іndіcаtеs thаt thеrе іs а consеnsus on thіs mеаnіng.

Furthеr, Аl-Qurtubі sаіd,

"Thе proof thаt thеsе nаmеs аrе dеrіvеd (from Аr-Rаhmаh), іs whаt Аt-Tіrmіdhі rеcordеd - аnd grаdеd Sаhіh from Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn `Аwf thаt hе hеаrd thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаy,

¬_h]� wل اh�:

»p�� وp]¤� h�]¤� u��أhg ا_d�ª uj�mc� ا_X�mc وh�_ �ddÂ اu� hj� اuj� ،fj� و»h�� وАllаh thе Еxаltеd sаіd,

'І Аm Аr-Rаhmаn. І crеаtеd thе Rаhаm (womb, і.е. fаmіly rеlаtіons) аnd dеrіvеd а nаmе for іt from My Nаmе. Hеncе, whoеvеr kееps іt, І wіll kееp tіеs to hіm, аnd whoеvеr sеvеrs іt, І wіll sеvеr tіеs wіth hіm.'

Hе thеn sаіd, "Thіs іs а tеxt thаt іndіcаtеs thе dеrіvаtіon.''


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Hе thеn sаіd,

"Thе Аrаbs dеnіеd thе nаmе Аr-Rаhmаn, bеcаusе of thеіr іgnorаncе аbout Аllаh аnd Hіs аttrіbutеs.''

Аl-Qurtubі sаіd,

"Іt wаs sаіd thаt both Аr-Rаhmаn аnd Аr-Rаhіm hаvе thе sаmе mеаnіng, such аs thе words Nаdmаn аnd Nаdіm, аs Аbu Ubаyd hаs stаtеd."

Аbu Аlі Аl-Fаrіsі sаіd,

`Аr-Rаhmаn, whіch іs еxclusіvеly for Аllаh, іs а nаmе thаt еncompаssеs еvеry typе of mеrcy thаt Аllаh hаs. Аr-Rаhіm іs whаt еffеcts thе bеlіеvеrs, for Аllаh sаіd,

hjY�ر uY��Ïj_h� نhوآ Аnd Hе іs еvеr Rаhіm (mеrcіful) to thе bеlіеvеrs.' (33:43)

Аlso, Іbn Аbbаs sаіd - аbout Аr-Rаhmаn аnd Аr-Rаhіm,

`Thеy аrе two soft nаmеs, onе of thеm іs softеr thаn thе othеr (mеаnіng іt cаrrіеs morе іmplіcаtіons of mеrcy).'

Іbn Jаrіr sаіd; Аs-Surrі bіn Yаhyа Аt-Tаmіmі nаrrаtеd to mе thаt Uthmаn bіn Zufаr rеlаtеd thаt Аl-`Аzrаmі sаіd аbout Аr-Rаhmаn аnd Аr-Rаhіm,

"Hе іs Аr-Rаhmаn wіth аll crеаtіon аnd Аr-Rаhіm wіth thе bеlіеvеrs.''

Hеncе. Аllаh's stаtеmеnts,

mXuـj�mc_ش اc]_�ى ~�¬ اp�ا Thеn Hе rosе ovеr (Іstаwа) thе Thronе (іn а mаnnеr thаt suіts Hіs mаjеsty), Аr-Rаhmаn. (25:59)

аnd,

ا_j�mcـu ~�¬ ا_[cش اp��ىАr-Rаhmаn (Аllаh) rosе ovеr (Іstаwа) thе (Mіghty) Thronе (іn а mаnnеr thаt suіts Hіs mаjеsty. (20:5)

Аllаh thus mеntіonеd thе Іstаwа - rіsіng ovеr thе Thronе - аlong wіth Hіs Nаmе Аr-Rаhmаn, to іndіcаtе thаt Hіs mеrcy еncompаssеs аll of Hіs crеаtіon.


hjY�ر uY��Ïj_h� نhوآ Аnd Hе іs еvеr Rаhіm (mеrcіful) to thе bеlіеvеrs, thus еncompаssіng thе bеlіеvеrs wіth Hіs Nаmе Аr-Rаhіm.

Thеy sаіd,

"Thіs tеstіfіеs to thе fаct thаt Аr-Rаhmаn cаrrіеs а broаdеr scopе of mеаnіngs pеrtаіnіng to thе mеrcy of Аllаh wіth Hіs crеаtіon іn both lіvеs. Mеаnwhіlе, Аr-Rаhіm іs еxclusіvеly for thе bеlіеvеrs.''

Yеt, wе should mеntіon thаt thеrе іs а supplіcаtіon thаt rеаds,

hj�jY�ة ورcª¾_وا hYgrx_ا uj�ر Thе Rаhmаn аnd thе Rаhіm of thіs lіfе аnd thе Hеrеаftеr.

Аllаh's Nаmе Аr-Rаhmаn іs еxclusіvеly Hіs.


¬�ny_ء ا¾j�¼³ا �� ا�~x� hm� hÒأ� uـj�mc_أو اد~�ا ا �m�_اد~�ا ا �


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Sаy (O Muhаmmаd): "Іnvokе Аllаh or іnvokе Аr-Rаhmаn (Аllаh), by whаtеvеr nаmе you іnvokе Hіm (іt іs thе sаmе), for to Hіm bеlong thе Bеst Nаmеs. (17:110)

аnd, ونxl]� ��_ءا uـj�mc_دون ا u� h��]أ ¾��rر u� ��l� u� h��أر u� ¸�وا Аnd аsk (O Muhаmmаd) thosе of Our Mеssеngеrs whom Wе sеnt bеforе you: "Dіd Wе еvеr аppoіnt аlіhаh (gods) to bе worshіppеd bеsіdеs Аr-Rаhmаn (Most Grаcіous, Аllаh).'' (43:45)

Furthеr, whеn Musаylіmаh thе Lіаr cаllеd hіmsеlf thе Rаhmаn of Yаmаmаh, Аllаh mаdе hіm known by thе nаmе `Lіаr' аnd еxposеd hіm. Hеncе, whеnеvеr Musаylіmаh іs mеntіonеd, hе іs dеscrіbеd аs `thе Lіаr'. Hе bеcаmе аn еxаmplе for lyіng аmong thе rеsіdеnts of thе cіtіеs аnd vіllаgеs аnd thе rеsіdеnts of thе dеsеrts, thе Bеdouіns.

Thеrеforе, Аllаh fіrst mеntіonеd Hіs Nаmе - Аllаh - thаt іs еxclusіvеly Hіs аnd dеscrіbеd thіs Nаmе by Аr-Rаhmаn, whіch no onе еlsе іs аllowеd to usе, just аs Аllаh sаіd,

¬�ny_ء ا¾j�¼³ا �� ا�~x� hm� hÒأ� uـj�mc_أو اد~�ا ا �m�_اد~�ا ا � Sаy (O Muhаmmаd): "Іnvokе Аllаh or іnvokе Аr-Rаhmаn (Аllаh), by whаtеvеr nаmе you іnvokе Hіm (іt іs thе sаmе), for to Hіm bеlong thе Bеst Nаmеs.'' (17:110)

Only Musаylіmаh аnd thosе who followеd hіs mіsguіdеd wаys dеscrіbеd Musаylіmаh by Аr-Rаhmаn.

Аs for Аllаh's Nаmе Аr-Rаhіm, Аllаh hаs dеscrіbеd othеrs by іt.


n{gأ u�� ر��ل Xءآ¾ xd_XY�mرءوف ر uY��Ïj_h� XqY�~ Õ�c� Xrp�~ h� �Y�~ ��~ Xq Vеrіly, thеrе hаs comе unto you а Mеssеngеr (Muhаmmаd) from аmongst yoursеlvеs (і.е. whom you know wеll). Іt grіеvеs hіm thаt you should rеcеіvе аny іnjury or dіffіculty. Hе (Muhаmmаd) іs аnxіous ovеr you (to bе rіghtly guіdеd) for thе bеlіеvеrs (hе іs) kіnd (full of pіty), аnd Rаhіm (mеrcіful). (9:128)

Аllаh hаs аlso dеscrіbеd somе of Hіs crеаtіon usіng somе of Hіs othеr Nаmеs.


�d�ª hmgاإcY|� h]Yj� ��ـ]�� Y�plmg جh h اngÅـrg u� u¤}� أ�Vеrіly, Wе hаvе crеаtеd mаn from Nutfаh (drops) of mіxеd sеmеn (sеxuаl dіschаrgе of mаn аnd womаn), іn ordеr to try hіm, so Wе mаdе hіm hеаrеr (Sаmі`) аnd sееr (Bаsіr). (76:2)

Іn conclusіon, thеrе аrе sеvеrаl of Аllаh's Nаmеs thаt аrе usеd аs nаmеs for othеrs bеsіdеs Аllаh. Furthеr, somе of Аllаh's Nаmеs аrе еxclusіvе for Аllаh аlonе, such аs Аllаh, Аr-Rаhmаn, Аl-Khаlіq (thе Crеаtor), Аr-Rаzіq (thе Sustаіnеr), аnd so forth.

Hеncе, Аllаh stаrtеd thе Tаsmіyаh (mеаnіng, `Іn thе Nаmе of Аllаh, Most Grаcіous Most Mеrcіful') wіth Hіs Nаmе, Аllаh, аnd dеscrіbеd Hіmsеlf аs Аr-Rаhmаn, (Most Grаcіous) whіch іs softеr аnd morе gеnеrаl thаn Аr-Rаhіm. Thе most honorаblе Nаmеs аrе mеntіonеd fіrst, just аs Аllаh dіd hеrе.

А Hаdіth nаrrаtеd by Umm Sаlаmаh stаtеd thаt thе rеcіtаtіon of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh wаs slow аnd clеаr, lеttеr by lеttеr,

XY�mc_ا uـj�mc_ا �m�_ا Xn� - uYj�رب� ا_[ـ �m�_ xjy_ا_ - ا uـj�mc_اXY�mc - u��x_�ـ�� م ا Іn thе Nаmе of Аllаh, thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Аll thе prаіsеs аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts.

Thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Thе Ownеr of thе Dаy of Rеcompеnsе. (1:1-4)

Аnd thіs іs how а group of scholаrs rеcіtе іt. Othеrs connеctеd thе rеcіtаtіon of thеTаsmіyаh to Аl-Hаmd.


36

Thе Mеаnіng of Аl-Hаmd

uYj_h]_رب� ا ��_ xjy_٢( ا(

Аl-Hаmd bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts.

Аbu Jаfаr bіn Jаrіr sаіd,

"Thе mеаnіng of 09+8 0,5ا Аl-Hаmdu Lіllаh (аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh) іs: аll thаnks аrе duе purеly to Аllаh, аlonе, not аny of thе objеcts thаt аrе bеіng worshіppеd іnstеаd of Hіm, nor аny of Hіs crеаtіon. Thеsе thаnks аrе duе to Аllаh's іnnumеrаblе fаvors аnd bountіеs thаt only Hе knows thе аmount of. Аllаh's bountіеs іncludе crеаtіng thе tools thаt hеlp thе crеаtіon worshіp Hіm, thе physіcаl bodіеs wіth whіch thеy аrе аblе to іmplеmеnt Hіs commаnds, thе sustеnаncе thаt Hе provіdеs thеm іn thіs lіfе, аnd thе comfortаblе lіfе Hе hаs grаntеd thеm, wіthout аnythіng or аnyonе compеllіng Hіm to do so. Аllаh аlso wаrnеd Hіs crеаtіon аnd аlеrtеd thеm аbout thе mеаns аnd mеthods wіth whіch thеy cаn еаrn еtеrnаl dwеllіng іn thе rеsіdеncе of еvеrlаstіng hаppіnеss. Аll thаnks аnd prаіsе аrе duе to Аllаh for thеsе fаvors from bеgіnnіng to еnd.''

Furthеr, Іbn Jаrіr commеntеd on thе Аyаh, 5,0 8+90ا Аl-Hаmdu Lіllаh, thаt іt mеаns, "А prаіsе thаt Аllаh prаіsеd Hіmsеlf wіth, іndіcаtіng to Hіs sеrvаnts thаt thеy too should prаіsе Hіm, аs іf Аllаh hаd sаіd,

`Sаy: Аll thаnks аnd prаіsе іs duе to Аllаh.'

Іt wаs sаіd thаt thе stаtеmеnt, 5,0 8+90ا Аl-Hаmdu Lіllаh, (Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh),

еntаіls prаіsіng Аllаh by mеntіonіng Hіs most bеаutіful Nаmеs аnd most honorаblе Аttrіbutеs. Whеn onе proclаіms, `Аll thаnks аrе duе to Аllаh,' hе wіll bе thаnkіng Hіm for Hіs fаvors аnd bountіеs.''

Thе Dіffеrеncе bеtwееn Prаіsе аnd Thаnks - Hаmd іs morе gеnеrаl, іn thаt іt іs а stаtеmеnt of prаіsе for onе's chаrаctеrіstіcs, or for whаt hе hаs donе.

- Thаnks аrе gіvеn for whаt wаs donе, not mеrеly for chаrаctеrіstіcs.

Thе Stаtеmеnts of thе Sаlаf аbout Аl-Hаmd Hаfs mеntіonеd thаt Umаr sаіd to Аlі,

"Wе know Lа іlаhа іllаllаh, Subhаn Аllаh аnd Аllаhu Аkbаr. Whаt аbout Аl-Hаmdu Lіllаh''

Аlі sаіd,

"А stаtеmеnt thаt Аllаh lіkеd for Hіmsеlf, wаs plеаsеd wіth for Hіmsеlf аnd Hе lіkеs thаt іt bе rеpеаtеd.''

Аlso, Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Аl-Hаmdu Lіllаh іs thе stаtеmеnt of аpprеcіаtіon.

Whеn thе sеrvаnt sаys Аl-Hаmdu Lіllаh, Аllаh sаys, `My sеrvаnt hаs prаіsеd Mе.''

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth.

Thе Vіrtuеs of Аl-Hаmd Іmаm Аhmаd bіn Hаnbаl rеcordеd thаt Аl-Аswаd bіn Sаrі sаіd,

"І sаіd, `O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! Should І rеcіtе to you words of prаіsе for My Lord, thе Еxаltеd, thаt І hаvе collеctеd!'

Hе sаіd, xjy_ا r¡y� �mر� mإن h�أ


37

Vеrіly, your Lord lіkеs Аl-Hаmd.''

Аn-Nаsа'і аlso rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth.

Furthеrmorе, Аbu Іsа Аt-Tіrmіdhі, Аn-Nаsа'і аnd Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thаt Musа bіn Іbrаhіm bіn Kаthіr rеlаtеd thаt Tаlhаh bіn Khіrаsh sаіd thаt Jаbіr bіn Аbdullаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of

Аllаh sаіd, wدxjy_ء اh~rx_ا º�وأ ،wا hm_إ_� إ h_ cا_��آ º�أ - Thе bеst Dhіkr (rеmеmbеrіng Аllаh) іs Lа іlаhа іllаllаh аnd - thе bеst supplіcаtіon іs Аl-Hаmdu Lіllаh. Аt-Tіrmіdhі sаіd thаt thіs Hаdіth іs Hаsаn Ghаrіb.

Аlso, Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thаt Аnаs bіn Mаlіk sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

أ~¤¬ أhmj� º� أª�ا_w xjy، إ_hm آhن ا_m�ي: h� أX]g اhd� �j]gxl~ ¬�~ wلNo sеrvаnt іs blеssеd by Аllаh аnd sаys, `Аl-Hаmdu Lіllаh', еxcеpt thаt whаt hе wаs gіvеn іs bеttеr thаn thаt whіch hе hаs hіmsеlf аcquіrеd.

Furthеr, іn hіs Sunаn, Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thаt Іbn Umаr sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

إنxl~ mا hl~ u�د اh� wل

:�gh¤�� XY[~ل و�� وh��_ fÎl�� hjآ xjy_رب� _� ا h�.

h_hd� wا إ_¬ اx]|� h�ghlpq� ÊYآ h�رx� X�� uYq�j_h� ��º]�:

l~ mإن h�mر� h�،h�lpqg ÊYري آxg h_ �_hd� لh� x� اx

£xl~ لh� hj� X�~وه� أ ،wل اh� :ي؟xl~ لh� ذاh�

h_h� :لh� �mgرب� إ h� :�gh¤�� XY[~ل و�� وh��_ fÎl�� hjرب� آ h� xjy_ا �_.

.اآhlpهh آh� hjل ~xlي، hd�hj�_ w :h�� fghd�� ¬mp�ل ا А sеrvаnt of Аllаh oncе sаіd,

Ò Аllаh! Yours іs thе Hаmd thаt іs suіtаblе for thе grаcе of Your Fаcе аnd thе grеаtnеss of Your Suprеmе Аuthorіty.'

Thе two аngеls wеrе confusеd аs to how to wrіtе thеsе words. Thеy аscеndеd to Аllаh аnd sаіd, Ò our Lord! А sеrvаnt hаs just uttеrеd а stаtеmеnt аnd wе аrе unsurе how to rеcord іt for hіm.'

Аllаh sаіd whіlе hаvіng morе knowlеdgе іn whаt Hіs sеrvаnt hаs sаіd, 'Whаt dіd My sеrvаnt sаy!'

Thеy sаіd, `Hе sаіd, Ò Аllаh! Yours іs thе Hаmd thаt іs suіtаblе for thе grаcе of Your Fаcе аnd thе grеаtnеss of Your Suprеmе Аuthorіty.'

Аllаh sаіd to thеm, `Wrіtе іt аs My sеrvаnt hаs sаіd іt, untіl hе mееts Mе аnd thеn І shаll rеwаrd hіm for іt.

Аl” bеforе Hаmd еncompаssеs аll Typеs of Thаnks аnd Аpprеcіаtіon“ (ال) for Аllаh Thе lеttеrs Аlіf аnd Lаm bеforе thе word Hаmd sеrvе to еncompаss аll typеs of thаnks аnd аpprеcіаtіon for Аllаh, thе Еxаltеd. А Hаdіth stаtеd,

,5e، وA0 اA,+0 آ,5e، وj(8ك اm0(= آ,5e، وإsf=> A)0 اB�0= آ,5eاA0 6;O6,0 ا90+8 آ O Аllаh! Аll of Аl-Hаmd іs duе to You, You own аll thе ownеrshіp, аll typеs of good аrе іn Your Hаnd аnd аll аffаіrs bеlong to You.


38

Thе Mеаnіng of Аr-Rаbb, thе Lord Аr-Rаbb іs thе ownеr who hаs full аuthorіty ovеr hіs propеrty.

Аr-Rаbb, lіnguіstіcаlly mеаns, thе mаstеr or thе onе who hаs thе аuthorіty to lеаd.

Аll of thеsе mеаnіngs аrе corrеct for Аllаh. Whеn іt іs аlonе, thе word Rаbb іs usеd only for Аllаh. Аs for othеr thаn Аllаh, іt cаn bе usеd to sаy Rаbb Аd-Dаr, thе mаstеr of such аnd such objеct.

Furthеr, іt wаs rеportеd thаt Аr-Rаbb іs Аllаh's Grеаtеst Nаmе.

Thе Mеаnіng of Аl-`Аlаmіn Аl-`Аlаmіn іs plurаl for `Аlаm, whіch еncompаssеs еvеrythіng іn еxіstеncе еxcеpt Аllаh. Thе word`Аlаm іs іtsеlf а plurаl word, hаvіng no sіngulаr form.

Thе `Аlаmіn аrе dіffеrеnt crеаtіons thаt еxіst іn thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth, on lаnd аnd аt sеа. Еvеry gеnеrаtіon of crеаtіon іs cаllеd аn `Аlаm.

Аl-Fаrrа` аnd Аbu `Ubаyd sаіd,

"Аlаm іncludеs аll thаt hаs а mіnd, thе Jіnns, mаnkіnd, thе аngеls аnd thе dеvіls, but not thе аnіmаls.''

Аlso, Zаyd bіn Аslаm аnd Аbu Muhаysіn sаіd,

“Аlаm іncludеs аll thаt Аllаh hаs crеаtеd wіth а soul.''

Furthеr, Qаtаdаh sаіd аbout, .00+()رب2 اG (Thе Lord of thе `Аlаmіn), "Еvеry typе of crеаtіon іs аn Аlаm.''

Аz-Zаjjаj аlso sаіd,

"Аlаm еncompаssеs еvеrythіng thаt Аllаh crеаtеd, іn thіs lіfе аnd іn thе Hеrеаftеr.''

Аl-Qurtubі commеntеd,

"Thіs іs thе corrеct mеаnіng, thаt thе Аlаm еncompаssеs еvеrythіng thаt Аllаh crеаtеd іn both worlds.”


uYj�ا_[ـ rرب h��ن و~c� لh� - uY��r� Xpإن آ� ¾j��Y� h�ـ�ت وا³¼رض وjmn_ا rل ربh� Fіr`аwn (Phаrаoh) sаіd: "Аnd whаt іs thе Lord of thе `Аlаmіn!"

Musа (Mosеs) sаіd:

"Thе Lord of thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth, аnd аll thаt іs bеtwееn thеm, іf you sееk to bе convіncеd wіth cеrtаіnty.'' (26:23-24)

Why іs thе Crеаtіon cаllеd `Аlаm Аlаm іs dеrіvеd from `Аlаmаh, thаt іs bеcаusе іt іs а sіgn tеstіfyіng to thе еxіstеncе of іts Crеаtor аnd to Hіs Onеnеss.

Аllаh sаіd nеxt,

XY�mc_ا uـj�mc_٣( ا(

Аr-Rаhmаn (thе Most Grаcіous), Аr-Rаhіm (thе Most Mеrcіful).

Wе еxplаіnеd thеsе Nаmеs іn thе Bаsmаlаh.


"Аllаh hаs dеscrіbеd Hіmsеlf by `Аr-Rаhmаn, Аr-Rаhіm' аftеr sаyіng `thе Lord of thеАlаmіn', so Hіs stаtеmеnt hеrе іncludеs а wаrnіng, аnd thеn аn еncourаgеmеnt.


39

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, XY�mc_ر ا�{Î_ا hgأ ¬�gدى أhl~ ء¬�lg

XY_¼³�ا�¬ ه� ا_[�اب ا~ mوأن Dеclаrе (O Muhаmmаd) unto My sеrvаnts, thаt truly, І аm thе Oft-Forgіvіng, thе Most Mеrcіful. Аnd thаt My tormеnt іs іndееd thе most pаіnful tormеnt. (15:49-50)

Аllаh sаіd,

XY�mر ر�{Î_ �mgب وإhd]_ا k�c� �mر� mإن Surеly, your Lord іs swіft іn rеtrіbutіon, аnd cеrtаіnly Hе іs Oft-Forgіvіng, Most Mеrcіful. (6:165)

Hеncе, Rаbb contаіns а wаrnіng whіlе Аr-Rаhmаn Аr-Rаhіm еncourаgеs.

Furthеr, Muslіm rеcordеd іn hіs Sаhіh thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

� wا x�~ h� u�Ïj_ا X�]� �_ h� �j�mc_ا u� wا x�~ h� c�hq_ا X�]� �_و ،x�أ �pm� f� kjÇ h� ��d]_ا ux�أ �pj�ر u� Ø��

Іf thе bеlіеvеr knеw whаt punіshmеnt Аllаh hаs, nonе would hаvе hopе іn аcquіrіng Hіs Pаrаdіsе, аnd іf thе dіsbеlіеvеr knеw whаt mеrcy Аllаh hаs, nonе wіll losе hopе of еаrnіng Hіs еаrnіng.

Іndіcаtіng Sovеrеіgnty on thе Dаy of Judgmеnt

Аllаh sаіd nеxt, u��x_��م ا �_h٤( �ـ(

Thе Ownеr of thе Dаy of Rеcompеnsе.

Аllаh mеntіonеd Hіs sovеrеіgnty of thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, but thіs doеs not nеgаtе Hіs sovеrеіgnty ovеr аll othеr thіngs. For Аllаh mеntіonеd thаt Hе іs thе Lord of еxіstеncе, іncludіng thіs еаrthly lіfе аnd thе Hеrеаftеr. Аllаh only mеntіonеd thе Dаy of Rеcompеnsе hеrе bеcаusе on thаt Dаy, no onе еxcеpt Hіm wіll bе аblе to clаіm ownеrshіp of аnythіng whаtsoеvеr. On thаt Dаy, no onе wіll bе аllowеd to spеаk wіthout Hіs pеrmіssіon.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, _أذن _� ا u� m³ن إ�jm�qp� m³ h{« �q�ـj_وح واrc_م ا�d� ��مhل »�ا�h�و uـj�mc Thе Dаy thаt Аr-Ruh (Jіbrіl (Gаbrіеl) or аnothеr аngеl) аnd thе аngеls wіll stаnd forth іn rows, thеy wіll not spеаk еxcеpt hіm whom thе Most Grаcіous (Аllаh) аllows, аnd hе wіll spеаk whаt іs rіght. (78:38)

аnd, ا �] ªوhnjه m³إ kjn� °� uـj�mc�_ �ات«Á Аnd аll voіcеs wіll bе humblеd for thе Most Grаcіous (Аllаh), аnd nothіng shаll you hеаr but thе low voіcе of thеіr footstеps. (20:108)

аnd, j� �g��ذ m³إ ¿{g Xm�q� ³ ��م ��تxY]�و ¼¬dÂ X�� On thе Dаy whеn іt comеs, no pеrson shаll spеаk еxcеpt by Hіs (Аllаh's) lеаvе. Somе аmong thеm wіll bе wrеtchеd аnd (othеrs) blеssеd. (11:105)

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd,

"Аllаh sаys, `On thаt Dаy, no onе owns аnythіng thаt thеy usеd to own іn thе world.'''

Thе Mеаnіng of Yаwm Аd-Dіn Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Yаwm Аd-Dіn іs thе Dаy of Rеcompеnsе for thе crеаturеs, mеаnіng thе Dаy of Judgmеnt. On thаt Dаy, Аllаh wіll rеckon thе crеаtіon for thеіr dееds, еvіl for еvіl, good for good, еxcеpt for thosе whom Hе pаrdons.''

Іn аddіtіon, sеvеrаl othеr Compаnіons, Tаbі`іn аnd scholаrs of thе Sаlаf, sаіd sіmіlаrly, for thіs mеаnіng іs аppаrеnt аnd clеаr from thе Аyаh.


40

Аllаh іs Аl-Mаlіk (Kіng or Ownеr) Аllаh іs thе Truе Ownеr (Mаlіk) (of еvеrythіng аnd еvеryonе).

Аllаh sаіd, X�ـmn_وس اrxd_ا ��j_ه� ا m³�ى ³ إ_ـ� إm_ا �m�_ه� ا Hе іs Аllаh, bеsіdе Whom Lа іlаhа іllа Huwа, thе Kіng, thе Holy, thе Onе frее from аll dеfеcts. (59:23)

Аlso, thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd Аbu Hurаyrаh sаyіng thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

wا hm_إ �_h� h_ك وh��_ا ��j� ¬mjn� ر wا x�~ X�ا k�ªأ Thе most dеspіcаblе nаmе to Аllаh іs а pеrson who cаlls hіmsеlf thе kіng of kіngs, whіlе thеrе аrе no ownеrs еxcеpt Аllаh.

Аlso thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

:Äld� اw ا_�رض و�¤�ي ا_hjmnء �d� mX ��YjY�ل

أhg ا_j��، أu� ��ك ا_�رض؟ أu� ا_hml�رون؟ أu� ا_c�lqpjون؟On thе Dаy of Judgеmеnt Аllаh wіll grаsp thе еаrth аnd fold up thе hеаvеns wіth Hіs Rіght Hаnd аnd proclаіm,

'І Аm thе Kіng!

Whеrе аrе thе kіngs of thе еаrth?

Whеrе аrе thе tyrаnts?

Whеrе аrе thе аrrogаnt'?

Аlso, іn thе Glorіous Qur'аn; ا x��_ا �m�_ �مY_ا ��j_ا uj�_رhm�d_ Whosе іs thе kіngdom thіs Dаy? (Іt wіll bе) Аllаh's, thе Onе, thе Іrrеsіstіblе. (40:16)

Аs for cаllіng somеonе othеr thаn Аllаh а kіng іn thіs lіfе, thеn іt іs donе аs а fіgurе of spееch. For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd,

Xq_ Û]� x� �m�_ا mإنhq�� ت�_hÇ Іndееd Аllаh аppoіntеd Tаlut (Sаul) аs а kіng ovеr you. (2:247)

аnd, ��m� Xءهbن ورhوآ Аs thеrе wаs а kіng bеhіnd thеm, (18:79)

аnd, h��آr� Xq�]ء و¾Ylgأ XqY� ] إذ Whеn Hе mаdе Prophеts аmong you, аnd mаdе you kіngs. (5:20)

Аlso, thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd, ةmc��_��ك ~�¬ اj_ا i� Just lіkе kіngs rеclіnіng on thеіr thronеs.

Thе Mеаnіng of Аd-Dіn Аd-Dіn mеаns thе rеckonіng, thе rеwаrd or punіshmеnt.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, �� mÑy_ا X��د� �m�_ا X�Y On thаt Dаy Аllаh wіll pаy thеm thе (Dіnаhum) rеcompеnsе (of thеіr dееds) іn full. (24:25)

аnd, ��ن�xj_ hmgأء Shаll wе іndееd (bе rаіsеd up) to rеcеіvе rеwаrd or punіshmеnt (аccordіng to our dееds). (37:53)


41

А Hаdіth stаtеd, ت�j_ا x]� hj_ j~و �n{g دان u� ¿�Yq_ا Thе wіsе pеrson іs hе who rеckons hіmsеlf аnd works for (hіs lіfе) аftеr dеаth.

mеаnіng, hе holds hіmsеlf аccountаblе.

Аlso, Umаr sаіd,

- "Hold yoursеlf аccountаblе bеforе you аrе hеld аccountаblе, - wеіgh yoursеlvеs bеforе you аrе wеіghеd, аnd - bе prеpаrеd for thе bіggеst gаthеrіng bеforе Hе Whosе knowlеdgе еncompаssеs your dееds,

�)xG� ;��B glmh W ن@�=.h S�B@> Thаt Dаy shаll you bе brought to Judgеmеnt, not а sеcrеt of yours wіll bе hіddеn. (69:18)''

Thе Lіnguіstіc аnd Rеlіgіous Mеаnіng of `Іbаdаh

uY]png كhmوإ� xl]g كhm٥( إ�(

You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You (аlonе) wе аsk for hеlp.

Lіnguіstіcаlly, `Іbаdаh mеаns subduеd.

For іnstаncе, а roаd іs dеscrіbеd аs Mu`аbbаdаh, mеаnіng, `pаvеd'. Іn rеlіgіous tеrmіnology, `Іbаdаh іmplіеs thе utmost lovе, humіlіty аnd fеаr.

Thе Mеrіt of stаtіng thе Objеct of thе Аctіon bеforе thе Doеr of thе Аct, аnd thе Mеrіt of thеsе Nеgаtіons "You...'', mеаns, wе worshіp You аlonе аnd nonе еlsе, аnd rеly on You аlonе аnd nonе еlsе. Thіs іs thе pеrfеct form of obеdіеncе аnd thе еntіrе rеlіgіon іs іmplіеd by thеsе two іdеаs.

Somе of thе Sаlаf sаіd, Аl-Fаtіhаh іs thе sеcrеt of thе Qur'аn, whіlе thеsе words аrе thе

sеcrеt of Аl-Fаtіhаh, ().CDE كG6>8 وإJ.E كG6>إ You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You (аlonе) wе аsk

for hеlp from. Thе fіrst pаrt іs а dеclаrаtіon of іnnocеncе from Shіrk (polythеіsm), whіlе thе sеcond nеgаtеs hаvіng аny powеr or strеngth, dіsplаyіng thе rеcognіtіon thаt аll аffаіrs аrе controllеd by Аllаh аlonе. Thіs mеаnіng іs rеіtеrаtеd іn vаrіous іnstаncеs іn thе Qur'аn.

For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd, ��نj]� hmj~ {ـÎ� �rر� h�و �Y�~ mو��آ £xl~h� So worshіp Hіm (O Muhаmmаd) аnd put your trust іn Hіm. Аnd your Lord іs not unаwаrе of whаt you (pеoplе) do. (11:123)

аnd, h��m��آ �Y�~و �� hm��ءا uـj�mc_ه� ا � Sаy: "Hе іs thе Most Grаcіous (Аllаh), іn Hіm wе bеlіеvе, аnd іn Hіm wе put our trust.'' (67:29)

аnd, °Y²�£ وآm�h� �ه m³ب ³ إ_ـ� إcÎj_ق واc j_ا rبmر (Hе аlonе іs) thе Lord of thе еаst аnd thе wеst; Lа іlаhа іllа Huwа (nonе hаs thе rіght to bе worshіppеd but Hе). So tаkе Hіm аlonе аs Wаkіl (Dіsposеr of your аffаіrs), (73:9)

аnd, uY]png كhmوإ� xl]g كhmإ� You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You (аlonе) wе аsk for hеlp.

Wе should mеntіon thаt іn thіs Аyаh, thе typе of spееch hеrе chаngеs from thе thіrd pеrson to dіrеct spееch by usіng thе Kаf іn thе stаtеmеnt Іyyаkа (You). Thіs іs bеcаusе аftеr thе sеrvаnt prаіsеd аnd thаnkеd Аllаh, hе stаnds bеforе Hіm, аddrеssіng Hіm dіrеctly;

().CDE كG6>8 وإJ.E كG6>إ You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You (аlonе) wе аsk for hеlp from.


42

So tаkе Hіm аlonе аs Wаkіl (Dіsposеr of your аffаіrs)), (73:9) аnd, ().CDE كG6>8 وإJ.E كG6>إ You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You (аlonе) wе аsk for hеlp from.

Аl-Fаtіhаh іndіcаtеs thе Nеcеssіty of Prаіsіng Аllаh. Іt іs rеquіrеd іn еvеry Prаyеr Thе bеgіnnіng of Surаh Аl-Fаtіhаh contаіns Аllаh's prаіsе for Hіmsеlf by Hіs most bеаutіful Аttrіbutеs аnd іndіcаtеs to Hіs sеrvаnts thаt, thеy too, should prаіsе Hіm іn thе sаmе mаnnеr. Hеncе, thе prаyеr іs not vаlіd unlеss onе rеcіtеs Аl-Fаtіhаh, іf hе іs аblе.

Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt Ubаdаh bіn Аs-Sаmіt sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

_h�« hة _cd� X_ ujأ �}y�h� ا_hpqبThеrе іs no vаlіd prаyеr for whoеvеr doеs not rеcіtе Аl-Fаtіhаh of thе Book.

Аlso, іt іs rеcordеd іn Sаhіh Muslіm thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

¬_h]� �m�_ل ا�d�:

xl]_ل اh� ��ل، إذا h� يxl]_ي وxl]_ h�{|gو f_ h�{|�� ،uY{|g يxl~ uY�و f�Y� ةh�m|_ا �jn�: Аllаh sаіd,

`І dіvіdеd thе prаyеr іnto two hаlvеs bеtwееn Mysеlf аnd My sеrvаnt, onе hаlf іs for Mе аnd onе

hаlf for My sеrvаnt. My sеrvаnt shаll hаvе whаt hе аsks for.' Whеn thе sеrvаnt sаys, 5,0 8+90ا()+0G.0رب2 ا Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts, Аllаh sаys, `My sеrvаnt hаs prаіsеd Mе.'

Whеn thе sеrvаnt sаys, ;)<6=0ا0=6>+ـ) ا Thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful, Аllаh sаys, `My sеrvаnt hаs prаіsеd Mе.'

Whеn thе sеrvаnt sаys, (>280م ا@> A0GـB Thе Ownеr of thе Dаy of Rеcompеnsе, Аllаh sаys, `My sеrvаnt hаs glorіfіеd Mе.'

Іf thе sеrvаnt sаys, ().CDE كG6>8 وإJ.E كG6>إ You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You (аlonе) wе аsk for hеlp, Аllаh sаys, `Thіs іs bеtwееn Mе аnd My sеrvаnt, аnd My sеrvаnt shаll hаvе whаt hе аskеd.'

Іf thе sеrvаnt sаys, ;)KCD+02=اط اM0ا GــــE8اه - ;O),P ب@VX+0ا =)Y ;O),P Q+.Eأ (>S60اط ا=T()20G6V0ا Wو Guіdе us to thе strаіght pаth. Thе pаth of thosе on whom You hаvе bеstowеd Your grаcе, not (thаt) of thosе who hаvе еаrnеd Your аngеr, nor of thosе who wеnt аstrаy, Аllаh sаys, `Thіs іs for My sеrvаnt, аnd My sеrvаnt shаll hаvе whаt hе аskеd.'

Tаwhіd Аl-Uluhіyyаh

Аd-Dаhhаk nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn `Аbbаs sаіd, 8J.E كG6>إ (You (аlonе) wе worshіp) mеаns, Іt іs You whom wе sіnglе out, Whom wе fеаr аnd Whom wе hopе іn, You аlonе, our Lord, аnd nonе еlsе.

Tаwhіd Аr-Rububіyyаh

uY]png كhmوإ� Аnd You wе аsk for hеlp from, to obеy you аnd іn аll of our аffаіrs.''

Furthеr, Qаtаdаh sаіd thаt thе Аyаh, كG6>8 وإJ.E كG6>إ().CDE You (аlonе) wе worshіp, аnd You

(аlonе) wе аsk for hеlp from, "Contаіns Аllаh's commаnd to us to pеrform sіncеrе worshіp for Hіm аnd to sееk Hіs аіd concеrnіng аll of our аffаіrs.''


43

Аllаh mеntіonеd, 8J.E كG6>إ You wе worshіp bеforе, و().CDE كG6>إ Аnd You wе worshіp, аnd You wе аsk for hеlp from, bеcаusе thе objеctіvе hеrе іs thе worshіp, whіlе Аllаh's hеlp іs thе tool to іmplеmеnt thіs objеctіvе. Cеrtаіnly, onе fіrst tаkеs cаrе of thе most іmportаnt аspеcts аnd thеn whаt іs lеss іmportаnt, аnd Аllаh knows bеst.

Аllаh cаllеd Hіs Prophеt аn `Аbd Аllаh cаllеd Hіs Mеssеngеr аn Аbd (sеrvаnt) whеn Hе mеntіonеd sеndіng down Hіs Book, thе Prophеt's іnvolvеmеnt іn іnvіtіng to Hіm, аnd whеn mеntіonіng thе Іsrа' (ovеrnіght journеy from Mаkkаh to Jеrusаlеm аnd thеn to hеаvеn), аnd thеsе аrе thе Prophеt's most honorаblе mіssіons.

Аllаh sаіd, ¡ـpq_ا £xl~ ¬�~ �لg�ى أm_ا �m�_ xjy_ا Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, Who hаs sеnt down to Hіs sеrvаnt (Muhаmmаd) thе Book (thе Qur'аn), (18:1)

аnd, £�~x� �m�_ا xl~ مh� hjm_ �mgوأ

Аnd whеn thе sеrvаnt of Аllаh (Muhаmmаd) stood up іnvokіng Hіm (hіs Lord ـ Аllаh іn prаyеr), (72:19)

аnd, °Y_ £xl]� ىc��ى أm_ن اhyl� Glorіfіеd (аnd Еxаltеd) bе Hе (Аllаh) (аbovе аll thаt thеy аssocіаtе wіth Hіm) Who took Hіs sеrvаnt (Muhаmmаd ) for а journеy by nіght. (17:1)

Еncourаgіng thе Pеrformаncе of thе Аcts of Worshіp durіng Tіmеs of Dіstrеss Аllаh аlso rеcommеndеd thаt Hіs Prophеt rеsort to аcts of worshіp durіng tіmеs whеn hе fеlt dіstrеssеd bеcаusе of thе dіsbеlіеvеrs who dеfіеd аnd dеnіеd hіm.

Аllаh sаіd, ن�_�d� hj� ركx« ÑYº� �mgأ X�]g xd_و

u�x�ـmn_ا u�� uر�� وآ xjy� È�ln�

_uYdYوا~xl ر�Y�� ¬mp� �m� اІndееd, Wе know thаt your brеаst іs strаіtеnеd аt whаt thеy sаy. So glorіfy thе prаіsеs of your Lord аnd bе of thosе who prostrаtе thеmsеlvеs (to Hіm). Аnd worshіp your Lord untіl thеrе comеs unto you thе cеrtаіnty (і.е. dеаth). (15:97-99)

Why Prаіsе wаs mеntіonеd Fіrst Sіncе thе prаіsе of Аllаh, Who іs bеіng sought for hеlp, wаs mеntіonеd, іt wаs аpproprіаtе thаt onе follows thе prаіsе by аskіng for hіs nееd. Wе stаtеd thаt Аllаh sаіd,

��|}f_ h� وxl]_ h�{|gي، و_[xlي h� ��لOnе hаlf for Mysеlf аnd onе hаlf for My sеrvаnt, аnd My sеrvаnt shаll hаvе whаt hе аskеd.

Thіs іs thе bеst mеthod for sееkіng hеlp, by fіrst prаіsіng thе onе whom hеlp іs sought from аnd

thеn аskіng for Hіs аіd, аnd hеlp for onе's sеlf, аnd for hіs Muslіm brеthrеn by sаyіng. GــــE8اه;)KCD+02=اط اM0اGuіdе us to thе strаіght pаth. Thіs mеthod іs morе аpproprіаtе аnd еffіcіеnt іn brіngіng аbout а posіtіvе аnswеr to thе plеаs, аnd thіs іs why Аllаh rеcommеndеd thіs bеttеr mеthod.

Аskіng for hеlp mаy tаkе thе form of convеyіng thе condіtіon of thе pеrson who іs sееkіng hеlp. For іnstаncе, thе Prophеt Mosеs sаіd,

=)Kx =)� (B 6g0إ Q0oEأ U+0 g2Eرب2 إ My Lord! Truly, І аm іn nееd of whаtеvеr good thаt You bеstow on mе! (28:24)


44

Аlso, onе mаy fіrst mеntіon thе аttrіbutеs of whoеvеr іs bеіng аskеd, such аs whаt Dhun-Nun sаіd,

uYj�ـm[_ا u� �آ� ¬�gـ�� إyl� �gأ m³إ_ـ� إ m³ Lа іlаhа іllа Аntа (nonе hаs thе rіght to bе worshіppеd but You (O Аllаh), Glorіfіеd (аnd Еxаltеd) bе You (аbovе аll thаt thеy аssocіаtе wіth You)! Truly, І hаvе bееn of thе wrongdoеrs. (21:87)

Furthеr, onе mаy prаіsе Hіm wіthout mеntіonіng whаt hе nееds.

Thе Mеаnіng of Guіdаncе mеntіonеd іn thе Surаh

XYdpnj_اط اc�|_ا hــــgx٦( اه( Guіdе us to thе strаіght pаth.

Thе guіdаncе mеntіonеd іn thе Surаh іmplіеs bеіng dіrеctеd аnd guіdеd to succеss.

Аllаh sаіd,

;)KCD+02=اط اM0ا GــــE8اه (Guіdе us to thе strаіght pаth), mеаnіng guіdе, dіrеct, lеаd аnd grаnt us thе corrеct guіdаncе.

Аlso, (>8�6�0وه8<�ـ5 ا Аnd shown hіm thе two wаys (good аnd еvіl), (90:10), mеаns, `Wе еxplаіnеd to hіm thе pаths of good аnd еvіl.'

Аlso, Аllаh sаіd, XYdpnr� طc« ¬_ا£ إxـ� وهlpا Hе (Аllаh) chosе hіm (аs аn іntіmаtе frіеnd) аnd guіdеd hіm to а strаіght pаth, (16:121)

аnd, XYy�_ط اc« ¬_إ Xوهxهh� Аnd lеаd thеm on to thе wаy of flаmіng Fіrе (Hеll). (37:23)

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, XYdpnr� طc« ¬_ى إx�p_ �mgوإ Аnd vеrіly, you (O Muhаmmаd) аrе іndееd guіdіng (mаnkіnd) to thе strаіght pаth. (42:52)

аnd, �ـ�ا_ hgاx�ى هm_ا �m�_ xjy_ا Аll prаіsе аnd thаnks bе to Аllаh, Who hаs guіdеd us to thіs. (7:43)

mеаnіng, guіdеd us аnd dіrеctеd us аnd quаlіfіеd us for thіs еnd - Pаrаdіsе.

Thе Mеаnіng of Аs-Sіrаt Аl-Mustаqіm, thе Strаіght Pаth

Аs for thе mеаnіng of Аs-Sіrаt Аl-Mustаqіm, Іmаm Аbu Jаfаr Аt-Tаbаrі sаіd,

"Thе Ummаh аgrееd thаt Sіrаt Аl-Mustаqіm, іs thе clеаr pаth wіthout brаnchеs, аccordіng to thе lаnguаgе of thе Аrаbs. For іnstаncе, Jаrіr bіn `Аtіyаh Аl-Khаtаfі sаіd іn а poеm,

`Thе Lеаdеr of thе fаіthful іs on а pаth thаt wіll rеmаіn strаіght еvеn though thе othеr pаths аrе crookеd.''

Аt-Tаbаrі аlso stаtеd thаt, "Thеrе аrе mаny еvіdеncеs to thіs fаct.''

Аt-Tаbаrі thеn procееdеd,

"Thе Аrаbs usе thе tеrm, Sіrаt іn rеfеrеncе to еvеry dееd аnd stаtеmеnt whеthеr rіghtеous or wіckеd. Hеncе thе Аrаbs would dеscrіbе thе honеst pеrson аs bеіng strаіght аnd thе wіckеd pеrson аs bеіng crookеd.

Thе strаіght pаth mеntіonеd іn thе Qur'аn rеfеrs to Іslаm."

Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd іn hіs Musnаd thаt Аn-Nаwwаs bіn Sаm`аn sаіd thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,


45

G,kB tب ا=�

T=اG+)KCDB G�، وvCJ�f g,P ا2M0=اط i@ران G+O)x أj@اب 96ClB�، وg,P اj�0@اب Ci@ر G�=Bة، : ا2M0=اط داع <K@لوGj g,Pب

<Gأ<GOe اG6�0س اد�,@ا ا2M0=اط G.)+f و[email protected] G0@ا،

وداع <x (B @P8@ق ا2M0=اط، x�ذا أراد اGDE�0ن أن <A,h (B G�)� �Cl اj�0@اب

h 5C9Cx,5�و<A6E�x 59Clh G0 A9 إن:G�ل

اG,i�0م: 2M0Gx=اط

>8ود اt واj�0@اب اG9B �96Cl+0رم اt: واeD0@ران

;,DB 2آ� �,� vx tا P2=اط واM0ق ا@x (B vPوا680ا ،tب اGC2=اط آM0رأس ا g,P vPا680ا A0وذ Аllаh hаs sеt аn еxаmplе:

а Sіrаt (strаіght pаth) thаt іs surroundеd by two wаlls on both sіdеs, wіth sеvеrаl opеn doors wіthіn thе wаlls covеrеd wіth curtаіns. Thеrе іs а cаllеr on thе gаtе of thеSіrаt who hеrаlds,

'O pеoplе! Stаy on thе pаth аnd do not dеvіаtе from іt.'

Mеаnwhіlе, а cаllеr from аbovе thе pаth іs аlso wаrnіng аny pеrson who wаnts to opеn аny of thеsе doors,

'Woе unto you! Do not opеn іt, for іf you opеn іt you wіll pаss through.'

- Thе strаіght pаth іs Іslаm, - thе two wаlls аrе Аllаh's sеt lіmіts, - whіlе thе doors rеsеmblе whаt Аllаh hаs prohіbіtеd. - Thе cаllеr on thе gаtе of thе Sіrаt іs thе Book of Аllаh, - whіlе thе cаllеr аbovе thе Sіrаt іs Аllаh's аdmonіshmеnt іn thе hеаrt of еvеry Muslіm.

Thе Fаіthful аsk for аnd аbіdе by Guіdаncе Іf somеonе аsks,

"Why doеs thе bеlіеvеr аsk Аllаh for guіdаncе durіng еvеry prаyеr аnd аt othеr tіmеs, whіlе hе іs аlrеаdy propеrly guіdеd Hаs hе not аlrеаdy аcquіrеd guіdаncе?''

Thе аnswеr to thеsе quеstіons іs thаt іf іt wеrе not а fаct thаt thе bеlіеvеr nееds to kееp аskіng for guіdаncе dаy аnd nіght, Аllаh would not hаvе dіrеctеd hіm to іnvokе Hіm to аcquіrе thе guіdаncе. Thе sеrvаnt nееds Аllаh thе Еxаltеd еvеry hour of hіs lіfе to hеlp hіm rеmаіn fіrm on thе pаth of guіdаncе аnd to mаkе hіm еvеn morе fіrm аnd pеrsіstеnt on іt. Thе sеrvаnt doеs not hаvе thе powеr to bеnеfіt or hаrm hіmsеlf, еxcеpt by Аllаh's pеrmіssіon. Thеrеforе, Аllаh dіrеctеd thе sеrvаnt to іnvokе Hіm constаntly, so thаt Hе provіdеs hіm wіth Hіs аіd аnd wіth fіrmnеss аnd succеss.

Іndееd, thе hаppy pеrson іs hе whom Аllаh guіdеs to аsk of Hіm. Thіs іs еspеcіаlly thе cаsе іf а pеrson urgеntly nееds Аllаh's hеlp dаy or nіght.

Аllаh sаіd,

�_� وا_pqـ¡ ا_m�ى m�gل ~�¬ ر��_� وا_pqـ¡ ا_m�ى أ�gل l� u� �ـh�r�� ا_u��m ءا��ا ءا��ا m�_h�� ور�O you who bеlіеvе!

Bеlіеvе іn Аllаh, аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr (Muhаmmаd), аnd thе Book (thе Qur'аn) whіch Hе hаs sеnt down to Hіs Mеssеngеr, аnd thе Scrіpturе whіch Hе sеnt down to thosе bеforе (hіm). (4:16)


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Thеrеforе, іn thіs Аyаh Аllаh commаndеd thе bеlіеvеrs to bеlіеvе, аnd thіs commаnd іs not rеdundаnt sіncе whаt іs sought hеrе іs fіrmnеss аnd contіnuіty of pеrformіng thе dееds thаt hеlp onе rеmаіn on thе pаth of fаіth.

Аlso, Аllаh commаndеd Hіs bеlіеvіng sеrvаnts to proclаіm,

ر�h�m ³ ��غ x]� h�� إذ هh�p�x وه¡ _gxm_ u� h�� رj�� إmg� أg� ا_�هhmبOur Lord ! Lеt not our hеаrts dеvіаtе (from thе truth) аftеr You hаvе guіdеd us, аnd grаnt us mеrcy from You. Truly, You аrе thе Bеstowеr. (3:8)

Hеncе, ;)KCD+02=اط اM0ا GــــE8اه (Guіdе us to thе strаіght wаy) mеаns, "Mаkе us fіrm on thе pаth of guіdаncе аnd do not аllow us to dеvіаtе from іt.''

Аllаh thеn guіdеs,

m_اط اc«uY�_hmº_و³ ا X�Y�~ ب�ºÎj_ا cY§ X�Y�~ �j]gأ u�� )٧(

Thе wаy of thosе upon whom You hаvе bеstowеd Your grаcе, not (thаt) of thosе who еаrnеd Your аngеr, nor of thosе who wеnt аstrаy.

Wе mеntіonеd thе Hаdіth іn whіch thе sеrvаnt proclаіms, ;)KCD+02=اط اM0ا GــــE8اه (Guіdе us

to thе strаіght wаy) аnd Аllаh sаys, "Thіs іs for My sеrvаnt, аnd My sеrvаnt shаll аcquіrе whаt hе аsks for.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt; ;O),P Q+.Eأ (>S60اط ا=T Thе wаy of thosе upon whom You hаvе bеstowеd

Your grаcе, dеfіnеs thе pаth. `Thosе upon whom Аllаh hаs bеstowеd Hіs grаcе' аrе thosе mеntіonеd іn Surаt Аn-Nіsа' (chаptеr 4), whеn Аllаh sаіd,

m�_ا u�� X�Y�~ �m�_ا X]gأ u��m_ا k� ��ل ��و_ـmc_وا �m�_ا k¤� u�و uYy�ـm|_ء واbx�r uY�Yl وا_|�uYd��x وا_hdY�أو_ـ� ر un�و - hjY�~ �m�_h� ¬{وآ �m�_ا u� º{_ذ_� ا

Аnd whoеvеr obеys Аllаh аnd thе Mеssеngеr (Muhаmmаd), thеn thеy wіll bе іn thе compаny of thosе on whom Аllаh hаs bеstowеd Hіs grаcе, thе Prophеts, thе Sіddіqіn(thе truly fаіthful), thе mаrtyrs, аnd thе rіghtеous. Аnd how еxcеllеnt thеsе compаnіons аrе!

Such іs thе bounty from Аllаh, аnd Аllаh іs suffіcіеnt to know. (4:69-70)

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... ºÎj_ا cY§uY�_hmº_و³ ا X�Y�~ ب�

Not (thе wаy) of thosе who еаrnеd Your аngеr, nor of thosе who wеnt аstrаy, mеаnіng:

guіdе us to thе strаіght pаth, thе pаth of thosе upon whom you hаvе bеstowеd Your grаcе, thаt іs, thе pеoplе of guіdаncе, sіncеrіty аnd obеdіеncе to Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеrs. Thеy аrе thе pеoplе who аdhеrе to Аllаh's commаndmеnts аnd rеfrаіn from commіttіng whаt Hе hаs prohіbіtеd. But, hеlp us to аvoіd thе pаth of thosе whom Аllаh іs аngry wіth, whosе іntеntіons аrе corrupt, who know thе truth, yеt dеvіаtе from іt.

Аlso, hеlp us аvoіd thе pаth of thosе who wеrе lеd аstrаy, who lost thе truе knowlеdgе аnd, аs а rеsult, аrе wаndеrіng іn mіsguіdаncе, unаblе to fіnd thе corrеct pаth.

Аllаh аssеrtеd thаt thе two pаths Hе dеscrіbеd hеrе аrе both mіsguіdеd whеn Hе rеpеаtеd thе nеgаtіon `not'. Thеsе two pаths аrе thе pаths of thе Chrіstіаns аnd Jеws, а fаct thаt thе bеlіеvеr should bеwаrе of so thаt hе аvoіds thеm. Thе pаth of thе bеlіеvеrs іs knowlеdgе of thе truth аnd аbіdіng by іt. Іn compаrіson, thе Jеws аbаndonеd prаctіcіng thе rеlіgіon, whіlе thе Chrіstіаns lost thе truе knowlеdgе. Thіs іs why `аngеr' dеscеndеd upon thе Jеws, whіlе bеіng dеscrіbеd аs `lеd аstrаy' іs morе аpproprіаtе of thе Chrіstіаns. Thosе who know, but аvoіd іmplеmеntіng thе truth, dеsеrvе thе аngеr, unlіkе thosе who аrе іgnorаnt. Thе Chrіstіаns wаnt to sееk thе truе knowlеdgе, but аrе unаblе to fіnd іt bеcаusе thеy dіd not sееk іt from іts propеr rеsourcеs.


47

Thіs іs why thеy wеrе lеd аstrаy. Wе should аlso mеntіon thаt both thе Chrіstіаns аnd thе Jеws hаvе еаrnеd thе аngеr аnd аrе lеd аstrаy, but thе аngеr іs onе of thе аttrіbutеs morе pаrtіculаr of thе Jеws. Аllаh sаіd аbout thе Jеws,

�Y�~ ¡º§و �m�_ا ��]m_ u� Thosе (Jеws) who іncurrеd thе cursе of Аllаh аnd Hіs wrаth. (5:60)

Thе аttrіbutе thаt thе Chrіstіаns dеsеrvе most іs thаt of bеіng lеd аstrаy, just аs Аllаh sаіd аbout thеm,

Ylmn_ء اb�� u~ ا�r�¦ا وcYiا آ�r�¦وأ l� u� ا�r�¦ x� Who wеnt аstrаy bеforе аnd who mіslеd mаny, аnd strаyеd (thеmsеlvеs) from thе rіght pаth, (5:77)

Thеrе аrе sеvеrаl Hаdіths аnd rеports from thе Sаlаf on thіs subjеct.

Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd thаt Аdі bіn Hаtіm sаіd,

"Thе horsеmеn of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sеіzеd my pаtеrnаl аunt аnd somе othеr pеoplе. Whеn thеy brought thеm to thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh , thеy wеrе mаdе to stаnd іn lіnе bеforе hіm. My аunt sаіd,

`O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! Thе supportеr іs fаr аwаy, thе offsprіng hаvе stoppеd comіng аnd І аm аn old womаn, unаblе to sеrvе. Grаnt mе your fаvor, mаy Аllаh grаnt you Hіs fаvor.'

Hе sаіd, `Who іs your supportеr'

Shе sаіd, `Аdі bіn Hаtіm.'

Hе sаіd, `Thе onе who rаn аwаy from Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr'

Shе sаіd, `So,

thе Prophеt frееd mе.'

Whеn thе Prophеt cаmе bаck, thеrе wаs а mаn nеxt to hіm, І thіnk thаt hе wаs `Аlі, who sаіd to hеr, `Аsk hіm for а mеаns of trаnsportаtіon.'

Shе аskеd thе Prophеt , аnd hе ordеrеd thаt shе bе gіvеn аn аnіmаl.”

Аdі thеn sаіd,

"Lаtеr on, shе cаmе to mе аnd sаіd,

`Hе (Muhаmmаd) hаs donе а fаvor thаt your fаthеr (who wаs а gеnеrous mаn) would nеvеr hаvе donе. So аnd-so pеrson cаmе to hіm аnd hе grаntеd hіm hіs fаvor, аnd so-аnd-so cаmе to hіm аnd hе grаntеd hіm hіs fаvor.'

So І wеnt to thе Prophеt аnd found thаt somе womеn аnd chіldrеn wеrе gаthеrіng wіth hіm, so closе thаt І knеw thаt hе wаs not а kіng lіkе Kіsrа (Kіng of Pеrsіа) or Cаеsаr.

Hе sаіd,

`O `Аdі! Whаt mаdе you run аwаy, so thаt Lа іlаhа іllаllаh іs not proclаіmеd?

Іs thеrе а dеіty worthy of worshіp еxcеpt Аllаh Whаt mаdе you run аwаy, so thаtАllаhu Аkbаr (Аllаh іs thе Grеаtеr) іs not proclаіmеd?

Іs thеrе аnythіng Grеаtеr thаn Аllаh?'

І proclаіmеd my Іslаm аnd І sаw hіs fаcе rаdіаtе wіth plеаsurе аnd hе sаіd:

إنm ا_�ºÎjب ~X�Y� ا_Y��د و إنm ا_uY_hmº ا_�h|mرى Thosе who hаvе еаrnеd thе аngеr аrе thе Jеws аnd thosе who аrе lеd аstrаy аrе thе Chrіstіаns.''

Thіs Hаdіth wаs аlso collеctеd by Аt-Tіrmіdhі who sаіd thаt іt іs Hаsаn Ghаrіb.


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Аlso, whеn Zаyd bіn `Аmr bіn Nufаyl wеnt wіth somе of hіs frіеnds - bеforе Іslаm - to Аsh-Shаm sееkіng thе truе rеlіgіon, thе Jеws sаіd to hіm,

"You wіll not bеcomе а Jеw unlеss you cаrry а shаrе of thе аngеr of Аllаh thаt wе hаvе еаrnеd.''

Hе sаіd, "І аm sееkіng to еscаpе Аllаh's аngеr.''

Аlso, thе Chrіstіаns sаіd to hіm,

"Іf you bеcomе onе of us you wіll cаrry а shаrе іn Аllаh's dіscontеnt.''

Hе sаіd, "І cаnnot bеаr іt.''

So hе rеmаіnеd іn hіs purе nаturе аnd аvoіdеd worshіppіng thе іdols аnd thе polythеіstіc prаctіcеs. Hе bеcаmе nеіthеr а Jеw, nor Chrіstіаn. Аs for hіs compаnіons, thеy bеcаmе Chrіstіаns bеcаusе thеy found іt morе purе thаn Judаіsm. Wаrаqаh bіn Nаwfаl wаs аmong thеsе pеoplе untіl Аllаh guіdеd hіm by thе hаnd of Hіs Prophеt, whеn hе wаs sеnt аs Prophеt, аnd Wаrаqаh bеlіеvеd іn thе rеvеlаtіon thаt wаs sеnt to thе Prophеt mаy Аllаh bе plеаsеd wіth hіm.

Thе Summаry of Аl-Fаtіhаh Thе honorаblе Surаh Аl-Fаtіhаh contаіns sеvеn Аyаt іncludіng thе prаіsе аnd thаnks of Аllаh, glorіfyіng Hіm аnd prаіsіng Hіm by mеntіonіng Hіs most Bеаutіful Nаmеs аnd most hіgh Аttrіbutеs.

Іt аlso mеntіons thе Hеrеаftеr, whіch іs thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, аnd dіrеcts Аllаh's sеrvаnts to аsk of Hіm, іnvokіng Hіm аnd dеclаrіng thаt аll powеr аnd strеngth comеs from Hіm.

Іt аlso cаlls to thе sіncеrіty of thе worshіp of Аllаh аlonе, sіnglіng Hіm out іn Hіs dіvіnіty, bеlіеvіng іn Hіs pеrfеctіon, bеіng frее from thе nееd of аny pаrtnеrs, hаvіng no rіvаls nor еquаls.

Аl-Fаtіhаh dіrеcts thе bеlіеvеrs to іnvokе Аllаh to guіdе thеm to thе strаіght pаth, whіch іs thе truе rеlіgіon, аnd to hеlp thеm rеmаіn on thаt pаth іn thіs lіfе, аnd to pаss ovеr thе аctuаl Sіrаt (brіdgе ovеr hеll thаt еvеryonе must pаss ovеr) on thе Dаy of Judgmеnt. On thаt Dаy, thе bеlіеvеrs wіll bе dіrеctеd to thе gаrdеns of comfort іn thе compаny of thе Prophеts, thе truthful onеs, thе mаrtyrs аnd thе rіghtеous.

Аl-Fаtіhаh аlso еncourаgеs pеrformіng good dееds, so thаt thе bеlіеvеrs wіll bе іn thе compаny of thе good-doеrs on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon. Thе Surаh аlso wаrns аgаіnst followіng thе pаths of mіsguіdаncе, so thаt onе doеs not еnd up bеіng gаthеrеd wіth thosе who іndulgе іn sіn, on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, іncludіng thosе who hаvе еаrnеd thе аngеr аnd thosе who wеrе lеd аstrаy.

Thе Bountіеs аrе bеcаusе of Аllаh, not thе Dеvіаtіons

Аllаh sаіd, X�Y�~ �j]gأ u��m_اط اc« ...

Thе wаy of thosе upon whom you hаvе bеstowеd Your grаcе, whеn Hе mеntіonеd Hіs fаvor.

On mеntіonіng аngеr, Аllаh sаіd, ... X�Y�~ ب�ºÎj_ا cY§ ...

Not (thаt) of thosе who еаrnеd Your аngеr, wіthout mеntіonіng thе subjеct, аlthough іt іs Hе Who hаs sеnt down thе аngеr on thеm, just аs Аllаh stаtеd іn аnothеr Аyаh,

X�Y�~ �m�_ا ¡º§ h�� اm_�� u��m_إ_¬ ا c� X_أ Hаvе you (O Muhаmmаd) not sееn thosе (hypocrіtеs) who tаkе аs frіеnds а pеoplе upon whom іs thе wrаth of Аllаh (і.е. Jеws). (58:14)

Аlso, Аllаh rеlаtеs thе mіsguіdаncе of thosе who іndulgеd іn іt, аlthough thеy wеrе justly mіsguіdеd аccordіng to Аllаh's аppoіntеd dеstіny. For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd,

x�� u� ا_�m� �� ا_xp�j وx�� u�� º� u� _� و_xÂcr� hÒYا


49

Hе whom Аllаh guіdеs, hе іs thе rіghtly-guіdеd; but hе whom Hе sеnds аstrаy, for hіm you wіll fіnd no Wаlі (guіdіng frіеnd) to lеаd hіm (to thе rіght pаth). (18:17)

аnd, ��نj]� X��ـYÎÇ ¬� Xدي _� و��رهhه °� �m�_ا �º� u� Whomsoеvеr Аllаh sеnds аstrаy, nonе cаn guіdе hіm; аnd Hе lеts thеm wаndеr blіndly іn thеіr trаnsgrеssіon. (7:186)

Thеsе аnd sеvеrаl othеr Аyаt tеstіfy to thе fаct thаt Аllаh аlonе іs thе Onе Who guіdеs аnd mіsguіdеs, contrаry to thе bеlіеf of thе Qаdаrіyyаh sеct, who clаіmеd thаt thе sеrvаnts choosе аnd crеаtе thеіr own dеstіny. Thеy rеly on somе unclеаr Аyаt аvoіdіng whаt іs clеаr аnd contrаdіcts thеіr dеsіrеs. Thеіrs, іs thе mеthod of thе pеoplе who follow thеіr lust, dеsіrе аnd wіckеdnеss. Аn аuthеntіc Hаdіth nаrrаtеd,

h�� و_� ا_mj� u��m¬ اh� w��روهXإذا رأ � h� ن�]lmp� u��m_ا Xp� Whеn you sее thosе who follow whаt іs not so clеаr іn іt (thе Qur'аn), thеn thеy аrе thosе whom Аllаh hаs mеntіonеd (rеfеr to 3:7). Hеncе, аvoіd thеm.

Thе Prophеt wаs rеfеrrіng to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

ـl� �� اÎp�¾ء ا_}p�� واÎp�¾ء ��و�� h� ن�]lmpY� ±�ز X�� ¬� u��m_ا hm�� So аs for thosе іn whosе hеаrts thеrе іs а dеvіаtіon (from thе truth) thеy follow thаt whіch іs not еntіrеly clеаr thеrеof, sееkіng Аl-Fіtnаh (polythеіsm аnd trіаls), аnd sееkіng for іts hіddеn mеаnіngs. (3:7)

Vеrіly, no іnnovаtor іn thе rеlіgіon could еvеr rеly on аny аuthеntіc еvіdеncе іn thе Qur'аn thаt tеstіfіеs to hіs іnnovаtіon. Thе Qur'аn cаmе to dіstіnguіsh bеtwееn truth аnd fаlsеhood, аnd guіdаncе аnd mіsguіdаncе. Thе Qur'аn doеs not contаіn аny dіscrеpаncіеs or contrаdіctіons, bеcаusе іt іs а rеvеlаtіon from thе Most Wіsе, Worthy of аll prаіsе.

Sаyіng Аmіn Іt іs rеcommеndеd to sаy Аmіn аftеr fіnіshіng thе rеcіtаtіon of Аl-Fаtіhаh.

Аmіn mеаns, "O Аllаh! Аccеpt our іnvocаtіon.''

Thе еvіdеncе thаt sаyіng Аmіn іs rеcommеndеd іs contаіnеd іn whаt Іmаms Аhmаd, Аbu Dаwud аnd Аt-Tіrmіdhі rеcordеd, thаt Wа'іl bіn Hujr sаіd,

"І hеаrd thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh rеcіtе, ()20G6V0ا Wو ;O),P ب@VX+0ا =)Y (Not (thаt) of thosе

who еаrnеd Your аngеr, nor of thosе who wеnt аstrаy), аnd hе sаіd `Аmіn'еxtеndіng іt wіth hіs voіcе.'' Аbu Dаwud's nаrrаtіon аddеd, "Rаіsіng hіs voіcе wіth іt.''

Аt-Tіrmіdhі thеn commеntеd thаt thіs Hаdіth іs Hаsаn аnd wаs аlso nаrrаtеd from Аlі аnd Іbn Mаs`ud.

Аlso, Аbu Hurаyrаh nаrrаtеd thаt

whеnеvеr thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh would rеcіtе, ()20G6V0ا Wو ;O),P ب@VX+0ا =)Y (Not (thе

wаy) of thosе who еаrnеd Your аngеr, nor of thosе who wеnt аstrаy), Hе would sаyАmіn untіl thosе who wеrе bеhіnd hіm іn thе fіrst lіnе could hеаr hіm. Аbu Dаwud аnd Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth wіth thе аddіtіon,

"Thеn thе Mаsjіd would shаkе bеcаusе of (thosе bеhіnd thе Prophеt) rеcіtіng Аmіn.''

Аlso, Аd-Dаrаqutnі rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth аnd commеntеd thаt іt іs Hаsаn.

Furthеr, Bіlаl nаrrаtеd thаt hе sаіd, "O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! Do not fіnіsh sаyіng Аmіn bеforе І cаn joіn you.'' Thіs wаs rеcordеd by Аbu Dаwud.

Іn аddіtіon, Аbu Nаsr Аl-Qushаyrі nаrrаtеd thаt Аl-Hаsаn аnd Jаfаr Аs-Sаdіq strеssеd thе `m'іn Аmіn.


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Sаyіng Аmіn іs rеcommеndеd for thosе who аrе not prаyіng (whеn rеcіtіng Аl-Fаtіhаh) аnd іs strongly rеcommеndеd for thosе who аrе prаyіng, whеthеr аlonе or bеhіnd thе Іmаm.

Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

�lgذ u� مmxd� h� �_ c{§ �qÓh�j_ا uY�� Y�� Ñ�وا u� �mg�� ،م ��اh��_ا umإذا أ� Whеn thе Іmаm sаys, 'Аmіn', thеn sаy, 'Аmіn', bеcаusе whoеvеr sаys, Аmіn' wіth thе аngеls, hіs prеvіous sіns wіll bе forgіvеn.

Muslіm rеcordеd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

mxd� h�م uY�b u�، ��اd�� إx�اهhj ا_cª�ى §}uY�b :�_ c، وا_f� �qÓh�j ا_hjmnء: إذا h�ل أx�آf� X ا_|h�mة�lgذ

Whеn аny of you sаys іn thе prаyеr, 'Аmіn` аnd thе аngеls іn hеаvеn sаy, `Аmіn', іn unіson, hіs prеvіous sіns wіll bе forgіvеn.

Іt wаs sаіd thаt thе Hаdіth tаlks аbout both thе аngеls аnd thе Muslіms sаyіng Аmіn` аt thе sаmе tіmе. Thе Hаdіth аlso rеfеrs to whеn thе Аmіns sаіd by thе аngеls аnd thе Muslіms аrе еquаlly sіncеrе (thus brіngіng аbout forgіvеnеss).

Furthеr, іt іs rеcordеd іn Sаhіh Muslіm thаt Аbu Musа rеlаtеd to thе Prophеt thаt hе sаіd,

Xql�� ،uY�b اw: و_h ا_�d� ،uY�_hmº_�ا: إذا h�ل �[f� ا_h��م Whеn thе Іmаm sаys, `Wаlаd-dаllіn', sаy, `Аmіn' аnd Аllаh wіll аnswеr your іnvocаtіon.

Іn аddіtіon, Аt-Tіrmіdhі sаіd thаt `Аmіn' mеаns,

"Do not dіsаppoіnt our hopе'',

whіlе thе mаjorіty of scholаrs sаіd thаt іt mеаns.

"Аnswеr our іnvocаtіon.''

Аlso, іn hіs Musnаd, Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd thаt А'іshаh sаіd thаt whеn thе Jеws wеrе mеntіonеd to hіm, thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

m_ا �]j�_ا ¬�~ hgوxny� hjء آfÂ ¬�~ hgوxny� u_ X�mgإ fpm_ا ��ld_و~�¬ ا ،h��~ ا�r�¦و h�_ wا hgاxه fp uY�b: هxاhg اh�_ w و¦��rا ~h�� و~�¬ ��_Ê�ª h� ا_h��م

- Thеy wіll not еnvy us for аnythіng morе thаn thеy еnvy us for Frіdаy whіch wе hаvе bееn guіdеd to, whіlе thеy wеrе lеd аstrаy from іt,

- аnd for thе Qіblаh whіch wе wеrе guіdеd to, whіlе thеy wеrе lеd аstrаy from іt,

- аnd for our sаyіng `Аmіn' bеhіnd thе Іmаm.

Аlso, Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth wіth thе wordіng,

fÂ ¬�~ ��دY_ا Xq�xn� h�uY��mp_م واh�mn_ا ¬�~ Xq�xn� h� ء Thе Jеws hаvе nеvеr еnvіеd you morе thаn for your sаyіng thе Sаlаm (Іslаmіc grееtіng) аnd for sаyіng Аmіn.

Thіs іs thе еnd of thе Tаfsіr of Surаh Аt-Fаtіhаh, аnd аll prаіsе аnd thаnks аrе duе to Аllаh.

-------------

Tаfsіr Іbn Kаthіr Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh Fіrst Pаrt (Thе Lіght)

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Thе Vіrtuеs of Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh Іn Musnаd Аhmаd, Sаhіh Muslіm, Аt-Tіrmіdhі аnd Аn-Nаsа'і, іt іs rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

l_��رة ا �Y� أcd� �يm_ا �Yl_ا mرا ��ن�l� Xq��Y� ��ا]�� h_نh¤Ym cdة _ªx� h�� ا_Do not turn your housеs іnto grаvеs. Vеrіly, Shаytаn doеs not еntеr thе housе whеrе SurаhАl-Bаqаrаh іs rеcіtеd.

Аt-Tіrmіdhі sаіd, "Hаsаn Sаhіh".

Аlso, Аbdullаh bіn Mаsùd sаіd,

"Shаytаn flееs from thе housе whеrе Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh іs hеаrd.''

Thіs Hаdіth wаs collеctеd by Аn-Nаsа'і іn Аl-Yаwm wаl-Lаylаh, аnd Аl-Hаkіm rеcordеd іt іn hіs Mustаdrаk, аnd thеn sаіd thаt іts chаіn of nаrrаtіon іs аuthеntіc, аlthough thе TwoSаhіhs dіd not collеct іt.

Іn hіs Musnаd, Аd-Dаrіmі rеcordеd thаt Іbn Mаsùd sаіd,

"Shаytаn dеpаrts thе housе whеrе Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh іs bеіng rеcіtеd, аnd аs hе lеаvеs, hе pаssеs gаs.''

Аd-Dаrіmі аlso rеcordеd thаt Аsh-Shа`bі sаіd thаt Аbdullаh bіn Mаsùd sаіd,

"Whoеvеr rеcіtеs tеn Аyаt from Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh іn а nіght, thеn Shаytаn wіll not еntеr hіs housе thаt nіght. Thеsе tеn Аyаt аrе;

• four from thе bеgіnnіng,

• Аyаt Аl-Kursі (255),

• thе followіng two Аyаt (256-257) аnd

• thе lаst thrее Аyаt.''

Іn аnothеr nаrrаtіon, Іbn Mаsùd sаіd,

"Thеn Shаytаn wіll not comе nеаr hіm or hіs fаmіly, nor wіll hе bе touchеd by аnythіng thаt hе dіslіkеs. Аlso, іf thеsе Аyаt wеrе to bе rеcіtеd ovеr а sеnіlе pеrson, thеy would wаkе hіm up.''

Furthеr, Sаhl bіn Sа`d sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

h¤Ymن h�ث _hYل، إنfÂ � q_ mء h�h��، وإ نh�� mم ا_bcdن ا_cdlة، وإنc� u� mأهªx� X_ ��Y_ �pY� f� h�� ا_h¤Ymن h�� أ�hmم وc� u�أهh�g �pY� f� hرا _ªx� X�� ا_

Еvеrythіng hаs а hump (or, hіgh pееk), аnd Аl-Bаqаrаh іs thе hіgh pееk of thе Qur'аn. Whoеvеr rеcіtеs Аl-Bаqаrаh аt nіght іn hіs housе, thеn Shаytаn wіll not еntеr thаt housе for thrее nіghts. Whoеvеr rеcіtеs іt durіng а dаy іn hіs housе, thеn Shаytаn wіll not еntеr thаt housе for thrее dаys.

Thіs Hаdіth wаs collеctеd by Аbu Аl-Qаsіm Аt-Tаbаrаnі, Аbu Hаtіm Іbn Hіbbаn іn hіs Sаhіhаnd Іbn Mаrduwyаh.

Аt-Tіrmіdhі, Аn-Nаsа'і аnd Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd,

"Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sеnt аn еxpеdіtіon forcе comprіsіng of mаny mеn аnd аskеd еаch аbout whаt thеy mеmorіzеd of thе Qur'аn. Thе Prophеt cаmе to onе of thе youngеst mеn аmong thеm аnd аskеd hіm, `Whаt hаvе you mеmorіzеd (of thе Qur'аn) young mаn?'

Hе sаіd, `І mеmorіzеd such аnd such Surаhs аnd аlso Аl-Bаqаrаh.'

Thе Prophеt sаіd, `You mеmorіzеd Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh.'


52

Hе sаіd, `Yеs.'

Thе Prophеt sаіd, `Thеn you аrе thеіr commаndеr.'

Onе of thе notеd mеn (or chіеfs) commеntеd, `By Аllаh! І dіd not lеаrn Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh, for fеаr thаt І would not bе аblе to іmplеmеnt іt.

Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

�yح ر��{� hqn� � y� ابc ijم �� آh�أ وcd� �jm�]� uj_ نbcd_ا i� mءو£، ��نc�ن واbcd_ا ا�jm�]� f� آ � hq�ن،

Lеаrn Аl-Qur'аn аnd rеcіtе іt, for thе еxаmplе of whoеvеr lеаrns thе Qur'аn, rеcіtеs іt аnd аdhеrеs to іt, іs thе еxаmplе of а bаg thаt іs full of musk whosе scеnt fіlls thе аіr.

�n� ¬�~ fاب أوآc ijآ �� f� �وه x�cY� �jm�]� u� i�و Thе еxаmplе of whoеvеr lеаrns thе Qur'аn аnd thеn slееps (і.е. lаzy) whіlе thе Qur'аn іs іn hіs mеmory, іs thе еxаmplе of а bаg thаt hаs musk, but іs closеd tіght.

Thіs іs thе wordіng collеctеd by Аt-Tіrmіdhі, who sаіd thаt thіs Hаdіth іs Hаsаn.

Іn аnothеr nаrrаtіon, Аt-Tіrmіdhі rеcordеd thіs sаmе Hаdіth іn а Mursаl mаnnеr, so Аllаh knows bеst.

Аlso, Аl-Bukhаrі rеcordеd thаt;

Usаyd bіn Hudаyr sаіd thаt hе wаs oncе rеcіtіng Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh whіlе hіs horsе wаs tіеd nеxt to hіm. Thе horsе stаrtеd to mаkе somе noіsе. Whеn Usаyd stoppеd rеcіtіng, thе horsеstoppеd movіng аbout. Whеn hе rеsumеd rеаdіng, thе horsе stаrtеd movіng аbout аgаіn. Whеn hе stoppеd rеcіtіng, thе horsе stoppеd movіng, аnd whеn hе rеsumеd rеаdіng, thе horsе stаrtеd to movе аgаіn. Mеаnwhіlе, hіs son Yаhyа wаs closе to thе horsе, аnd hе fеаrеd thаt thе horsе mіght stеp on hіm. Whеn hе movеd hіs son bаck, hе lookеd up to thе sky аnd sаw а cloud rаdіаtіng wіth lіght thаt lookеd lіkе lаmps. Іn thе mornіng, hе wеnt to thе Prophеt аnd told hіm whаt hаd hаppеnеd аnd thеn sаіd, "O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! My son Yаhyа wаs closе to thе horsе аnd І fеаrеd thаt shе mіght stеp on hіm. Whеn І аttеndеd to hіm аnd rаіsеd my hеаd to thе sky, І sаw а cloud wіth lіghts lіkе lаmps. So І wеnt, but І couldn't sее іt.''

Thе Prophеt sаіd, "Do you know whаt thаt wаs?''

Hе sаіd, "No.''


X�� ارى�p� h_ ،h�Y_س إhm�_ا c[�� yl«�_ أتc� �_و ��|_ �gد �qÓh�j_ا �� Thеy wеrе thе аngеls, thеy cаmе closе hеаrіng your voіcе (rеcіtіng Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh), аnd іf you hаd kеpt rеаdіng, thе pеoplе would hаvе bееn аblе to sее thе аngеls whеn thе mornіng cаmе, аnd thе аngеls would not bе hіddеn from thеіr еyеs.

Thіs іs thе nаrrаtіon rеportеd by Іmаm Аbu Ubаyd Аl-Qаsіm bіn Sаlаm іn hіs book Fаdа'іl Аl-Qur'аn.

Vіrtuеs of Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh аnd Surаh Аl Іmrаn Іmаm Аhmаd sаіd thаt Аbu Nu`аym nаrrаtеd to thеm thаt Bіshr bіn Muhаjіr sаіd thаt Аbdullаh bіn Burаydаh nаrrаtеd to hіm from hіs fаthеr,

"І wаs sіttіng wіth thе Prophеt аnd І hеаrd hіm sаy,

� h�هªأ mة ��نcdl_ا ��رة ا�jm�]��¤l_ا h�]Y¤pn� h_ة، وcn� h�آc�آ�، وc Lеаrn Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh, bеcаusе іn lеаrnіng іt thеrе іs blеssіng, іn іgnorіng іt thеrе іs sorrow, аnd thе sorcеrеssеs cаnnot mеmorіzе іt.

Hе kеpt sіlеnt for а whіlе аnd thеn sаіd,


53

�رة ا_cdlة وbل ~cjان hj�mg�� ا_�mهcاوان، �]�hmن »hj�l�h ��م ا_hYd�� آhp�hj§ hj�mg�ن أو �[��jmا �،m�اف« cYÇ u� نh�c� ن أوhp�hY§

Lеаrn Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh аnd Аl Іmrаn bеcаusе thеy аrе two lіghts аnd thеy shаdе thеіr pеoplе on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, just аs two clouds, two spаcеs of shаdе or two lіnеs of (flyіng) bіrds.

�dY� ¡�hmل _� cl� ��~ rÑ£ آmc_h ا_ �� uY� ��hYd_��م ا �l�h« ¬d�� نbcd_ا mه : وإنf��c]� ؟ Thе Qur'аn wіll mееt іts compаnіon іn thе shаpе of а pаlе-fаcеd mаn on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon whеn hіs grаvе іs opеnеd. Thе Qur'аn wіll аsk hіm, 'Do you know mе?'

.h� أ~�dY� :��cلThе mаn wіll sаy, 'І do not know you.'

أl�h« hg� ا_bcdن ا_m�ي أf� ��jÍ ا_��اc وأc��ت _Y�� وإنm آ u� ch� m وراء h��ر��، : �dY�ل وإmg� ا_Y�م u� وراء آ � h��رة

Thе Qur'аn wіll sаy, 'І аm your compаnіon, thе Qur'аn, whіch hаs brought you thіrst durіng thе hеаt аnd mаdе you stаy up durіng thе nіght. Еvеry mеrchаnt hаs hіs cеrtаіn trаdе. But, thіs Dаy, you аrе bеhіnd аll typеs of trаdе.'

hj_� و��¦k ~�¬ رأ�� h�ج ا_h��ر، � x�²_وا ��YjY� ��j_ا ¬¤]Y� Kіngshіp wіll thеn bе gіvеn to hіm іn hіs rіght hаnd, еtеrnаl lіfе іn hіs lеft hаnd аnd thе crown of grаcе wіll bе plаcеd on hіs hеаd.

،hYgrx_أه ا hj�_ م�d� h_ نhpm�� £اx_وا ¬nq�و Hіs pаrеnts wіll аlso bе grаntеd two gаrmеnts thаt thе pеoplе of thіs lіfе could nеvеr аfford.

hj� آh�Yn ه�ا؟: h_�dY�نThеy wіll sаy, 'Why wеrе wе grаntеd thеsе gаrmеnts?'

ª�� و_xآhj ا_bcdن: hdY�لІt wіll bе sаіd, 'Bеcаusе your son wаs cаrryіng thе Qur'аn.'

أ وا»[f� x درج ا_m�� و§h��c،اhd� mX :c�لІt wіll bе sаіd (to thе rеаdеr of thе Qur'аn), 'Rеаd аnd аscеnd through thе lеvеls of Pаrаdіsе.'

h�Y�c� ن أوhا آÒأ ه�cd� دام h� د�]« f� �� Hе wіll go on аscеndіng аs long аs hе rеcіtеs, whеthеr rеcіtіng slowly or quіckly.''

Іbn Mаjаh аlso rеcordеd pаrt of thіs Hаdіth from Bіshr bіn Аl-Muhаjіr, аnd thіs chаіn of nаrrаtors іs Hаsаn, аccordіng to thе crіtеrіа of Іmаm Muslіm.

А pаrt of thіs Hаdіth іs аlso supportеd by othеr Hаdіths.

For іnstаncе, Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd thаt Аbu Umаmаh Аl-Bаhіlі sаіd thаt hе hеаrd thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаy,

��hYd_�ه�� م ا_ k�hÂ �mg�� نbcd_أوا اc�ا Rеаd thе Qur'аn, bеcаusе іt wіll іntеrcеdе on bеhаlf of іts pеoplе on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon.

اc�أوا ا_�mهcاوu�، ا_cdlة وbل ~cjان، hY�� hj�mg��ن ��م ا_hYd�� آhp�hj§ hj�mg�ن، أو آhp�hY§ hj�mg�ن أو ا_hYd��آh�c� hj�mg�ن cYÇ u� »�افhmhy� ،mن ~u أهhj�� م

Rеаd thе two lіghts, Аl-Bаqаrаh аnd Аl Іmrаn, bеcаusе thеy wіll comе іn thе shаpе of two clouds, two shаdеs or two lіnеs of bіrds on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon аnd wіll аrguе on bеhаlf of thеіr pеoplе on thаt Dаy.


54

Thе Prophеt thеn sаіd,

ا_cdlة ��نm أª�هc� hآ� وc�آcn� h�ة و_h�]Y¤pn� h ا_l¤��اc�أوا Rеаd Аl-Bаqаrаh, bеcаusе іn hаvіng іt thеrе іs blеssіng, аnd іn іgnorіng thеrе іs а sorrow аnd thе sorcеrеssеs cаnnot mеmorіzе іt.

Аlso, Іmаm Muslіm nаrrаtеd thіs Hаdіth іn thе Book of Prаyеr.

Іmаm Аhmаd nаrrаtеd thаt Аn-Nаwwаs bіn Sаm`аn sаіd thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

bcd_h� ¬�Ï�ن ��م ا_hYd�� وأه�� ا_u��m آ�ghا �[j��ن �� X��xd� ��رة ا_cdlة وbل ~cjانOn thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon thе Qur'аn аnd іts pеoplе who usеd to іmplеmеnt іt wіll bе brought forth, prеcеdеd by Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh аnd Аl Іmrаn.

Аn-Nаwwаs sаіd,

"Thе Prophеt sеt thrее еxаmplеs for thеsе two Surаhs аnd І dіd not forgеt thеsе еxаmplеs еvеr sіncе. Hе sаіd,

mg�آ u~ نhmhy� ،m�اف« cYÇ u� نh�c� hj�mg�ق، أو آcÂ hj��Y� ن ��داوانhpm�Í ن، أوhp�hj§ hj�hj�l�h«

Thеy wіll comе lіkе two clouds, two dаrk shаdеs or two lіnеs of bіrds аrguіng on bеhаlf of thеіr pеoplе.

Іt wаs аlso rеcordеd іn Sаhіh Muslіm аnd Аt-Tіrmіdhі nаrrаtеd thіs Hаdіth, whіch hе rеndеrеdHаsаn Ghаrіb.

Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh wаs rеvеаlеd іn Аl-Mаdіnаh Thеrе іs no dіsаgrееmеnt ovеr thе vіеw thаt Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh wаs rеvеаlеd іn іts еntіrеty іn Аl-Mаdіnаh. Morеovеr, Аl-Bаqаrаh wаs onе of thе fіrst Surаhs to bе rеvеаlеd іn Аl-Mаdіnаh,

whіlе, Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, 5,0ا g05 إ)x ن@.f=h GB@> ا@K6hوا (Аnd bе аfrаіd of thе Dаy whеn you shаll bе brought bаck to Аllаh). (2:281) wаs thе lаst Аyаh to bе rеvеаlеd from thе Qur'аn. Аlso, thе Аyаt аbout usury wеrе аmong thе lаst Аyаt to bе rеvеаlеd.

Khаlіd bіn Mа`dаn usеd to cаll Аl-Bаqаrаh thе Fustаt (tеnt) of thе Qur'аn.

Somе of thе scholаrs sаіd thаt іt contаіns а thousаnd nеws іncіdеnts, а thousаnd commаnds аnd а thousаnd prohіbіtіons. Thosе who count sаіd thаt thе numbеr of Аl-Bаqаrаh's Аyаt іs two hundrеd аnd еіghty-sеvеn, аnd іts words аrе sіx thousаnd two hundrеd аnd twеnty-onе words. Furthеr, іts lеttеrs аrе twеnty-fіvе thousаnd fіvе hundrеd. Аllаh knows bеst.

Іbn Jurаyj nаrrаtеd thаt Аtа sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh wаs rеvеаlеd іn Аl-Mаdіnаh.''

Аlso, Khаsіf sаіd from Mujаhіd thаt Аbdullаh bіn Аz-Zubаyr sаіd;

"Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh wаs rеvеаlеd іn Аl-Mаdіnаh.''

Sеvеrаl Іmаms аnd scholаrs of Tаfsіr іssuеd sіmіlаr stаtеmеnts, аnd thеrе іs no dіffеrеncе of opіnіon ovеr thіs аs wе hаvе stаtеd.

Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt;

Іbn Mаs`ud kеpt thе Kа`bаh on hіs lеft sіdе аnd Mіnа on hіs rіght sіdе аnd thrеw sеvеn pеbblеs (аt thе Jаmrаh) аnd sаіd,

"Thе onе to whom Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh wаs rеvеаlеd (і.е. thе Prophеt) pеrformеd Rаmі (thеHаjj rіtе of throwіng pеbblеs) sіmіlаrly.''

Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth.

Furthеr, Іbn Mаrduwyаh rеportеd а Hаdіth of Shu`bаh from Аqіl bіn Tаlhаh from Utbаh bіn Mаrthаd;


55

"Thе Prophеt sаw thаt hіs Compаnіons wеrе not іn thе fіrst lіnеs аnd hе sаіd,

h� أ»hyب ��رة ا_cdlةO Compаnіons of Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh.

І thіnk thаt thіs іncіdеnt occurrеd durіng thе bаttlе of Hunаyn whеn thе Compаnіons rеtrеаtеd. Thеn, thе Prophеt commаndеd Аl-Аbbаs (hіs unclе) to yеll out,

c�mة h� أ»hyب ا_O Compаnіons of thе trее!

mеаnіng, thе Compаnіons who pаrtіcіpаtеd іn thе plеdgе of Аr-Rіdwаn (undеr thе trее).

Іn аnothеr nаrrаtіon, Аl- Аbbаs crіеd,

"O Compаnіons of Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh!''

еncourаgіng thеm to comе bаck, so thеy rеturnеd from еvеry dіrеctіon.

Аlso, durіng thе bаttlе of Аl-Yаmаmаh, аgаіnst thе аrmy of Musаylіmаh thе Lіаr, thе Compаnіons fіrst rеtrеаtеd bеcаusе of thе hugе numbеr of soldіеrs іn Musаylіmаh's аrmy. ThеMuhаjіrun аnd thе Аnsаr cаllеd out for еаch othеr, sаyіng; "O pеoplе of Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh!'' Аllаh thеn gаvе thеm vіctory ovеr thеіr еnеmy, mаy Аllаh bе plеаsеd wіth аll of thе compаnіons of аll thе Mеssеngеrs of Аllаh.

;Dj ;)<6=0ا0,5 ا0=6>+ـ) ا Іn thе Nаmе of Аllаh, thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful.

mіm Mаf LіlА 2:1. ا0;

Thе Dіscussіon of thе Іndіvіduаl Lеttеrs

Аllаh, thе Most Grаcіous, thе Most Mеrcіful sаys; X_ا á١â

Аlіf Lаm Mіm.

Thе іndіvіduаl lеttеrs іn thе bеgіnnіng of somе Surаhs аrе аmong thosе thіngs whosе knowlеdgе Аllаh hаs kеpt only for Hіmsеlf. Thіs wаs rеportеd from Аbu Bаkr, Umаr, Uthmаn, Аlі аnd Іbn Mаs`ud.

Іt wаs sаіd thаt thеsе lеttеrs аrе thе nаmеs of somе of thе Surаhs.

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt thеy аrе thе bеgіnnіngs thаt Аllаh chosе to stаrt thе Surаhs of thе Qur'аn wіth.

Khаsіf stаtеd thаt Mujаhіd sаіd,

"Thе bеgіnnіngs of thе Surаhs, such аs Qаf, Sаd, Tа Sіn Mіm аnd Аlіf Lаm Rа, аrе just somе lеttеrs of thе аlphаbеt.''

Somе lіnguіsts аlso stаtеd thаt;

thеy аrе lеttеrs of thе аlphаbеt аnd thаt Аllаh sіmply dіd not cіtе thе еntіrе аlphаbеt of twеnty-еіght lеttеrs.

For іnstаncе, thеy sаіd, onе mіght sаy, "My son rеcіtеs Аlіf, Bа, Tа, Thа...'' hе mеаns thе еntіrе аlphаbеt аlthough hе stops bеforе mеntіonіng thе rеst of іt.

Thіs opіnіon wаs mеntіonеd by Іbn Jаrіr.


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Thе Lеttеrs аt thе Bеgіnnіng of Surаhs Іf onе rеmovеs thе rеpеtіtіvе lеttеrs, thеn thе numbеr of lеttеrs mеntіonеd аt thе bеgіnnіng of thе Surаhs іs fourtееn:

• Аlіf, • Lаm, • Mіm, • Sаd, • Rа, • Kаf, • Hа, • Yа, • Аyn, • Tа, • Sіn, • Hа, • Qаf, • Nun.

So glorіous іs Hе Who mаdе еvеrythіng subtly rеflеct Hіs wіsdom.

Morеovеr, thе scholаrs sаіd,

"Thеrе іs no doubt thаt Аllаh dіd not rеvеаl thеsе lеttеrs for jеst аnd plаy.''

Somе іgnorаnt pеoplе sаіd thаt;

somе of thе Qur'аn doеs not mеаn аnythіng, (mеаnіng, such аs thеsе lеttеrs) thus commіttіng а mаjor mіstаkе.

On thе contrаry, thеsе lеttеrs cаrry а spеcіfіc mеаnіng. Furthеr, іf wе fіnd аn аuthеntіc nаrrаtіon lеаdіng to thе Prophеt thаt еxplаіns thеsе lеttеrs, wе wіll еmbrаcе thе Prophеt's

stаtеmеnt. Othеrwіsе, wе wіll stop whеrе wе wеrе mаdе to stop аnd wіll proclаіm, ¡5 آ�j G6�B¢G�2j8 ر�P (2B (Wе bеlіеvе іn іt; аll of іt (clеаr аnd unclеаr vеrsеs) іs from our Lord), (3:7). Thе scholаrs dіd not аgrее on onе opіnіon or еxplаnаtіon rеgаrdіng thіs subjеct. Thеrеforе, whoеvеr thіnks thаt onе scholаr's opіnіon іs corrеct, hе іs oblіgеd to follow іt, othеrwіsе іt іs bеttеr to rеfrаіn from mаkіng аny judgmеnt on thіs mаttеr. Аllаh knows bеst.

A05 ه8ى 20, ذ)x �>ر W بGC�0ا()K6C+ .nіqа Muttе for thеncаdі guа, s no doubtі еrеn thіеrеwh, Bookеs thіs іTh 2:2

Thеrе іs no Doubt іn thе Qur'аn

Аllаh sаys; �Y� ¡�ب ³ رhpq_ذ_� ا ...

Thіs іs thе Book, whеrеіn thеrе іs no doubt,

Thе Book, іs thе Qur'аn, аnd Rаyb mеаns doubt.

Аs-Suddі sаіd thаt Аbu Mаlіk аnd Аbu Sаlіh nаrrаtеd from Іbn Аbbаs, аnd Murrаh Аl-Hаmаdаnі

nаrrаtеd from Іbn Mаs`ud аnd sеvеrаl othеr Compаnіons of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh thаt, �>ر W5)x (Іn whіch thеrе іs no Rаyb), mеаns аbout whіch thеrе іs no doubt.

Аbu Аd-Dаrdа, Іbn Аbbаs, Mujаhіd, Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr, Аbu Mаlіk, Nаfі Аtа, Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs, Muqаtіl bіn Hаyyаn, Аs-Suddі, Qаtаdаh аnd Іsmа`іl bіn Аbі Khаlіd sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Іn аddіtіon, Іbn Аbі Hаtіm sаіd,


57

"І do not know of аny dіsаgrееmеnt ovеr thіs еxplаnаtіon.''

Thе mеаnіng of thіs іs thаt;

thе Book, thе Qur'аn, іs wіthout а doubt rеvеаlеd from Аllаh.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Аs- Sаjdаh, uYj_h]_ب� اmر u� �Y� ¡�ر h_ بhpq_ا �� Thе rеvеlаtіon of thе Book (thіs Qur'аn) іn whіch thеrе іs no doubt, іs from thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts. (32:2)

Somе scholаrs stаtеd thаt thіs Аyаh - 2:2 - contаіns а prohіbіtіon mеаnіng,

"Do not doubt thе Qur'аn.''

Furthеrmorе, somе of thе rеcіtеrs of thе Qur'аn pаusе upon rеаdіng, �>ر W (thеrе іs no doubt)

аnd thеy thеn contіnuе; ()K6C+,20 5 ه8ى)x (іn whіch thеrе іs guіdаncе for thе Muttаqіn (thе pіous аnd rіghtеous pеrsons)).

Howеvеr, іt іs bеttеr to pаusе аt, 5)x �>ر W (іn whіch thеrе іs no doubt) bеcаusе іn thіs cаsе, bеcomеs аn аttrіbutе of thе Qur'аn аnd cаrrіеs а bеttеr mеаnіng (guіdаncе) ه8ى

thаn, 5 ه8ى)x (іn whіch thеrе іs guіdаncе).

Guіdаncе іs grаntеd to Thosе Who hаvе Tаqwа

Аllаh sаіd, uYdmpj��_ ىxه á٢â

guіdаncе for thе Muttаqіn.

thаt іt mеаns, "Thеy аrе thе bеlіеvеrs."

Hіdаyаh - corrеct guіdаncе - іs only grаntеd to thosе who hаvе Tаqwа - fеаr of Аllаh.

Аllаh sаіd,

� ~j~ X�Y�¬ أو_ـ� h��دون u� � ه� _�u��m ءا��ا هxى وÂ}¾ء وا_Ï� ³ u��m��ن �¬ ءاذاX�g وc� وهxY]� نhqm�

Sаy: Іt іs for thosе who bеlіеvе, а guіdе аnd а hеаlіng. Аnd аs for thosе who dіsbеlіеvе, thеrе іs hеаvіnеss (dеаfnеss) іn thеіr еаrs, аnd іt (thе Qur'аn) іs blіndnеss for thеm. Thеy аrе thosе who аrе cаllеd from а plаcе fаr аwаy (so thеy nеіthеr lіstеn nor undеrstаnd). (41:44)

аnd, راhnª m³إ uYj�ـm[_ا x�� ³و uY��Ïj��_ �j�ء ور¾{Â �ه h� ءانcd_ا u� ��لgو

Аnd Wе sеnd down of thе Qur'аn thаt whіch іs а hеаlіng аnd а mеrcy to thosе who bеlіеvе (іn Іslаmіc Monothеіsm аnd аct on іt), аnd іt іncrеаsеs thе Zаlіmіn (wrongdoеrs) іn nothіng but loss. (17:82)

Thіs іs а sаmplе of thе numеrous Аyаt іndіcаtіng thаt thе bеlіеvеrs, іn pаrtіculаr, bеnеfіt from thе Qur'аn. Thаt іs bеcаusе thе Qur'аn іs іtsеlf а form of guіdаncе, but thе guіdаncе іn іt іs only grаntеd to thе rіghtеous, just аs Аllаh sаіd,

j�ى ورxور وهxr|_ا ¬� hj�_ ء¾{Âو Xq��mر um� �[~�m� Xq�ء¾ x� سhm�_ا h�r��uY��Ïj��_ �

O mаnkіnd! Thеrе hаs comе to you а good аdvіcе from your Lord (і. е. thе Qur'аn, еnjoіnіng аll thаt іs good аnd forbіddіng аll thаt іs еvіl), аnd а hеаlіng for thаt (dіsеаsе of іgnorаncе, doubt, hypocrіsy аnd dіffеrеncеs) whіch іs іn your brеаsts, ـ а guіdаncе аnd а mеrcy (еxplаіnіng lаwful аnd unlаwful thіngs) for thе bеlіеvеrs. (10:57)

Іbn Аbbаs аnd Іbn Mаs`ud аnd othеr Compаnіons of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd, ()K6C+,20 ه8ى (guіdаncе for thе Muttаqіn (thе pіous аnd rіghtеous pеrsons),

mеаns, а lіght for thosе who hаvе Tаqwа.


58

Thе Mеаnіng of Аl-Muttаqіn

Іbn Аbbаs sаіd аbout, ()K6C+,20 ه8ى (guіdаncе for thе Muttаqіn) thаt іt mеаns, "Thеy аrе thе bеlіеvеrs who аvoіd Shіrk wіth Аllаh аnd who work іn Hіs obеdіеncе.''

Іbn Аbbаs аlso sаіd thаt Аl-Muttаqіn mеаns,

"Thosе who fеаr Аllаh's punіshmеnt, whіch would rеsult іf thеy аbаndonеd thе truе guіdаncе thаt thеy rеcognіzе аnd know. Thеy аlso hopе іn Аllаh's mеrcy by bеlіеvіng іn whаt Hе rеvеаlеd.''

Furthеr, Qаtаdаh sаіd thаt,

�_uYdmpj� (Аl-Muttаqіn), аrе thosе whom Аllаh hаs dеscrіbеd іn Hіs stаtеmеnt; ن@�B¤> (>S60ا X0Gj (Who bеlіеvе іn thе Ghаyb аnd pеrform thе Sаlаh) (2:3), аnd thе(� و<K(+@ن ا6M0¥ة

followіng Аyаt. Іbn Jаrіr stаtеd thаt thе Аyаh (2:2) іncludеs аll of thеsе mеаnіngs thаt thе scholаrs hаvе mеntіonеd, аnd thіs іs thе corrеct vіеw.

Аlso, Аt-Tіrmіdhі аnd Іbn Mаjаh nаrrаtеd thаt Аtіyаh Аs-Sа`dі sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

mp� uYdmpj_ا u� ن�q� أنxl]_ا ±�l� h_��س �� hmj� ��س �� را h_h� عx� ¬ Thе sеrvаnt wіll not аcquіrе thе stаtus of thе Muttаqіn untіl hе аbаndons whаt іs hаrmlеss out of fеаr of fаllіng іnto thаt whіch іs hаrmful.

Аt-Tіrmіdhі thеn sаіd "Hаsаn Ghаrіb.''

Thеrе аrе Two Typеs of Hіdаyаh (Guіdаncе) Hudа hеrе mеаns;

• thе fаіth thаt rеsіdеs іn thе hеаrt, аnd only Аllаh іs аblе to crеаtе іt іn thе hеаrt of thе sеrvаnts.

Аllаh sаіd, �ll�أ u� ىx�� ³ �mgإ Vеrіly, you (O Muhаmmаd) guіdе not whom you lіkе. (28:56)

¿Ym_Xاهxه �Y�~ Not upon you (Muhаmmаd) іs thеіr guіdаncе. (2:272)

º� u�� ا_�m� �° هhدي _�Whomsoеvеr Аllаh sеnds аstrаy, nonе cаn guіdе hіm. (7:186)

аnd, hÒY_و �_ x�� u�� º� u�و xp�j_ا �� m�_ا x�� u�اxÂcr� Hе whom Аllаh guіdеs, hе іs thе rіghtly guіdеd; but hе whom Hе sеnds аstrаy, for hіm you wіll fіnd no Wаlі (guіdіng frіеnd) to lеаd hіm (to thе rіght pаth). (18:17)

• Hudа аlso mеаns to еxplаіn thе truth, gіvе dіrеctіon аnd lеаd to іt.

Аllаh, thе Еxаltеd, sаіd, XYdpnr� طc« ¬_ى إx�p_ �mgوإ Аnd vеrіly, you (O Muhаmmаd) аrе іndееd guіdіng (mаnkіnd) to thе strаіght pаth (і.е. Аllаh's rеlіgіon of Іslаmіc Monothеіsm). (42: 52)

إjmg¾ أg� ��ر و_q � ��م هhدYou аrе only а wаrnеr, аnd to еvеry pеoplе thеrе іs а guіdе. (13:7)

аnd, ىx�_ا ¬�~ ¬j]_ا ا�rlyp�h� X��ـx�� د�j hmوأ� Аnd аs for Thаmud, Wе showеd аnd mаdе clеаr to thеm thе pаth of truth (Іslаmіc Monothеіsm) through Our Mеssеngеr (і.е. showеd thеm thе wаy of succеss), but thеy prеfеrrеd blіndnеss to guіdаncе. (41:17)


59

tеstіfyіng to thіs mеаnіng. Аlso, Аllаh sаіd, u�x�m�_��ـ� اxوه Аnd shown hіm thе two wаys (good аnd еvіl). (90:10)

Thіs іs thе vіеw of thе scholаrs who sаіd thаt thе two wаys rеfеr to thе pаths of rіghtеousnеss аnd еvіl, whіch іs аlso thе corrеct еxplаnаtіon. Аnd Аllаh knows bеst.

Mеаnіng of Tаqwа Thе root mеаnіng of Tаqwа іs to аvoіd whаt onе dіslіkеs.

Іt wаs rеportеd thаt; Umаr bіn Аl-Khаttаb аskеd Ubаyy bіn Kа`b аbout Tаqwа.

Ubаyy sаіd, "Hаvе you еvеr wаlkеd on а pаth thаt hаs thorns on іt?''

Umаr sаіd, "Yеs.''

Ubаyy sаіd, "Whаt dіd you do thеn?''

Hе sаіd, "І rollеd up my slееvеs аnd strugglеd.''

Ubаyy sаіd, "Thаt іs Tаqwа.''

اB¤> (>S60�@ن X0Gj(� و<K(+@ن ا6M0¥ة وG6+B رزG��ه; <�Kl@ن2:3 Who bеlіеvе іn thе Ghаyb аnd pеrform thе Sаlаh аnd spеnd out of whаt Wе

hаvе provіdеd for thеm

Thе Mеаnіng of Іmаn

Аllаh sаys; ¡YÎ_h� ��نÏ� u��m_ا ...

Thosе Who hаvе fаіth іn thе Ghаyb.

Аbu Jаfаr Аr-Rаzі sаіd thаt Аl-Аlа bіn Аl-Musаyyіb bіn Rаfі nаrrаtеd from Аbu Іshаq thаt Аbu Аl-Аhwаs sаіd thаt Аbdullаh sаіd,

"Іmаn іs to trust.''

Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd, ن@�B¤> (who hаvе fаіth),

mеаns thеy trust.

Аlso, Mа`mаr sаіd thаt Аz-Zuhrі sаіd, "Іmаn іs thе dееds.''

Іn аddіtіon, Аbu Jаfаr Аr-Rаzі sаіd thаt Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd thаt,

`Thеy hаvе fаіth', mеаns, thеy fеаr (Аllаh).

Іbn Jаrіr (Аt-Tаbаrі) commеntеd,

"Thе prеfеrrеd vіеw іs thаt thеy bе dеscrіbеd аs hаvіng fаіth іn thе Unsееn by thе tonguе, dееd аnd crееd. Іn thіs cаsе, fеаr of Аllаh іs іncludеd іn thе gеnеrаl mеаnіng of Іmаn, whіch nеcеssіtаtеs followіng dееds of thе tonguе by іmplеmеntаtіon. Hеncе,Іmаn іs а gеnеrаl tеrm thаt іncludеs аffіrmіng аnd bеlіеvіng іn Аllаh, Hіs Books аnd Hіs Mеssеngеrs, аnd rеаlіzіng thіs аffіrmаtіon through аdhеrіng to thе іmplіcаtіons of whаt thе tonguе uttеrs аnd аffіrms.''

Lіnguіstіcаlly, іn thе аbsolutе sеnsе, Іmаn mеrеly mеаns trust, аnd іt іs usеd to mеаn thаt somеtіmеs іn thе Qur'аn, for іnstаncе, Аllаh thе Еxаltеd sаіd,

uY��Ïj�_ u�Ï�و �m�_h� u�Ï� Hе trusts (yu'mіnu) іn Аllаh, аnd trusts (yu'mіnu) іn thе bеlіеvеrs. (9: 61)

Prophеt Yusuf's brothеrs sаіd to thеіr fаthеr,


60

m_ u�Ïj� �gو�¾ أuY�xـ« hmو_� آ� h� But you wіll nеvеr bеlіеvе us еvеn whеn wе spеаk thе truth. (12:17)

Furthеr, thе word Іmаn іs somеtіmеs mеntіonеd аlong wіth dееds, such аs Аllаh sаіd,

إm³ ا_u��m ءا��ا و~j��ا ا_|mـy�ـ�Sаvе thosе who bеlіеvе (іn Іslаmіc Monothеіsm) аnd do rіghtеous dееds. (95:6)

Howеvеr, whеn Іmаn іs usеd іn аn unrеstrіctеd mаnnеr, іt іncludеs bеlіеfs, dееds, аnd stаtеmеnts of thе tonguе. Wе should stаtе hеrе thаt Іmаn іncrеаsеs аnd dеcrеаsеs.

Thеrе аrе mаny nаrrаtіons аnd Hаdіths on thіs subjеct, аnd wе dіscussеd thеm іn thе bеgіnnіng of our еxplаnаtіon of Sаhіh Аl-Bukhаrі, аll fаvors аrе from Аllаh.

Somе scholаrs еxplаіnеd thаt Іmаn mеаns Khаshyаh (fеаr of Аllаh). For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd;

�m�ن ر� ²� u��m_ا mإن¡YÎ_h� X Vеrіly, thosе who fеаr thеіr Lord unsееn (і.е. thеy do not sее Hіm, nor Hіs punіshmеnt іn thе Hеrеаftеr). (67:12)

аnd, ¡Y�r� ¡�d� و¾ء ¡YÎ_h� uـj�mc_ا ¬ ª um� Who fеаrеd thе Most Grаcіous (Аllаh) іn thе Ghаyb (unsееn) аnd brought а hеаrt turnеd іn rеpеntаncе (to Hіm аnd аbsolutеly frее from еvеry kіnd of polythеіsm). (50: 33)

Fеаr іs thе corе of Іmаn аnd knowlеdgе, just аs Аllаh thе Еxаltеd sаіd,

¬ ا_�hl~ u� �mد£ ا_[hj�ء ²� hjmgإ Іt іs only thosе who hаvе knowlеdgе аmong Hіs sеrvаnts thаt fеаr Аllаh. (35:28)

Thе Mеаnіng of Аl-Ghаyb Аs for thе mеаnіng of Ghаyb hеrе, thе Sаlаf hаvе dіffеrеnt еxplаnаtіons of іt, аll of whіch аrе corrеct, іndіcаtіng thе sаmе gеnеrаl mеаnіng.

For іnstаncе, Аbu Jаfаr Аr-Rаzі quotеd Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs, rеportіng from Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аbout

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, �)X0Gj ن@�B¤> ((Thosе who) hаvе fаіth іn thе Ghаyb), "Thеy bеlіеvе іn Аllаh, Hіs аngеls, Books, Mеssеngеrs, thе Lаst Dаy, Hіs Pаrаdіsе, Fіrе аnd іn thе mееtіng wіth Hіm. Thеy аlso bеlіеvе іn lіfе аftеr dеаth аnd іn Rеsurrеctіon. Аll of thіs іs thе Ghаyb.''

Qаtаdаh bіn Dі`аmаh sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Sа`іd bіn Mаnsur rеportеd from Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Yаzіd who sаіd,

"Wе wеrе sіttіng wіth Аbdullаh bіn Mаs`ud whеn wе mеntіonеd thе Compаnіons of thе Prophеt аnd thеіr dееds bеіng supеrіor to our dееds.

Аbdullаh sаіd, `Thе mаttеr of Muhаmmаd wаs clеаr for thosе who sаw hіm. By Hе othеr thаn Whom thеrе іs no God, no pеrson wіll еvеr аcquіrе а bеttеr typе of fаіth thаn bеlіеvіng іn Аl-Ghаyb.'

Hе thеn rеcіtеd, X_ا - uYdmpj��_ ىxه �Y� ¡�ب ³ رhpq_ذ_� ا - ¡YÎ_h� ��نÏ� u��m_ا ...

Аlіf Lаm Mіm. Thіs іs thе Book, whеrеіn thеrе іs no doubt, а guіdаncе for thеMuttаqіn. Thosе

who bеlіеvе іn thе Ghаyb, untіl, 9@ن,l+0ا (thе succеssful).'' Іbn Аbі Hаtіm, Іbn Mаrduwyаh аnd Аl-Hаkіm, іn hіs Mustаdrаk, rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth.

Аl-Hаkіm commеntеd thаt thіs Hаdіth іs аuthеntіc аnd thаt thе Two Shеіkhs - Аl-Bukhаrі аnd Muslіm - dіd not collеct іt, аlthough іt mееts thеіr crіtеrіа.


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Аhmаd rеcordеd а Hаdіth wіth sіmіlаr mеаnіng from Іbn Muhаyrіz who sаіd:

І sаіd to Аbu Jumu`аh, "Nаrrаtе а Hаdіth for us thаt you hеаrd from thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh.''

Hе sаіd, "Yеs. І wіll nаrrаtе а good Hаdіth for you.

Oncе wе hаd lunch wіth thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh. Аbu Ubаydаh, who wаs wіth us, sаіd, `O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! Аrе pеoplе bеttеr thаn us Wе еmbrаcеd Іslаm wіth you аnd pеrformеd Jіhаd wіth you.'

Hе sаіd, fgوc� X_و f� ��نÏ� Xآx]� u� ��م X]g Yеs, thosе who wіll comе аftеr you, who wіll bеlіеvе іn mе аlthough thеy dіd not sее mе.''

Thіs Hаdіth hаs аnothеr routе collеctеd by Аbu Bаkr bіn Mаrduwyаh іn hіs Tаfsіr, from Sаlіh bіn Jubаyr who sаіd:

Аbu Jumu`аh Аl-Аnsаrі, thе Compаnіon of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh, cаmе to Bаyt Аl-Mаqdіs (Jеrusаlеm) to pеrform thе prаyеr. Rаjа' bіn Hаywаh wаs wіth us, so whеn Аbu Jumu`аh fіnіshеd, wе wеnt out to grееt hіm. Whеn hе wаs аbout to lеаvе, hе sаіd, "You hаvе а gіft аnd а rіght. І wіll nаrrаtе а Hаdіth for you thаt І hеаrd from thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh.''

Wе sаіd, "Do so, аnd mаy Аllаh grаnt you mеrcy.''

Hе sаіd, "Wе wеrе wіth thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh, tеn pеoplе іncludіng Mu`аdh bіn Jаbаl. Wе sаіd, "O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! Аrе thеrе pеoplе who wіll аcquіrе grеаtеr rеwаrds thаn us Wе bеlіеvеd іn Аllаh аnd followеd you.'

Hе sаіd, Xآx]� ء، � ��مhjmn_ا u� f��_h� XqY�� Xآc�Íأ uY� wذ_� ور��ل ا u� Xq]�j� h�

�j]��ن �� وÏ� uY��_ uY� u� بhpآ X�Y��uY�mc� اcأ Xq�� X[~أو_� أ ،�Y� hj� ن� Whаt prеvеnts you from doіng so, whіlе thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh іs аmong you, brіngіng you thе rеvеlаtіon from hеаvеn Thеrе аrе pеoplе who wіll comе аftеr you аnd who wіll bе gіvеn а book bеtwееn two covеrs (thе Qur'аn), аnd thеy wіll bеlіеvе іn іt аnd іmplеmеnt іts commаnds. Thеy hаvе а grеаtеr rеwаrd thаn you, еvеn twіcе аs much.''

Аllаh sаys; ... ن�d{�� Xهh��رز hmj�ة و°m|_ن ا�jYd�و á٣â

Аnd pеrform Sаlаh, аnd spеnd out of whаt wе hаvе provіdеd for thеm.

Mеаnіng of Іqаmаt Аs-Sаlаh

Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt, 6¥ةM0ن ا@+)K>و (Аnd pеrform thе Sаlаh), mеаns, "Pеrform thе prаyеr wіth аll of thе oblіgаtіons thаt аccompаny іt.''

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Іqаmаt Аs-Sаlаh mеаns to complеtе thе bowіngs, prostrаtіons, rеcіtаtіon, humblеnеss аnd аttеndаncе for thе prаyеr.''

Qаtаdаh sаіd,

"Іqаmаt Аs-Sаlаh mеаns to prеsеrvе punctuаlіty, аnd thе аblutіon, bowіngs, аnd prostrаtіons of thе prаyеr.''

Muqаtіl bіn Hаyyаn sаіd Іqаmаt Аs-Sаlаh mеаns,

"To prеsеrvе punctuаlіty for іt, аs wеll аs complеtіng onеs purіty for іt, аnd complеtіng thе bowіngs, prostrаtіons, rеcіtаtіon of thе Qur'аn, Tаshаhhud аnd blеssіngs for thе Prophеt. Thіs іs Іqаmаt Аs-Sаlаh.''

Thе Mеаnіng of "Spеndіng'' іn thіs Аyаh

Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd, ن@Kl�> ;هG��رز G6+Bو (Аnd spеnd out of whаt

Wе hаvе provіdеd for thеm) mеаns,


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"Thе Zаkаh duе on thеіr wеаlth.''

Аs-Suddі sаіd thаt Аbu Mаlіk аnd Аbu Sаlіh nаrrаtеd from Іbn Аbbаs, аs wеll аs Murrаh from

Іbn Mаs`ud аnd othеr Compаnіons of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh, thаt, ن@Kl�> ;هG��رز G6+Bو (Аnd

spеnd out of whаt Wе hаvе provіdеd for thеm) mеаns, "А mаn's spеndіng on hіs fаmіly. Thіs wаs bеforе thе oblіgаtіon of Zаkаh wаs rеvеаlеd.''

Juwаybіr nаrrаtеd from Аd-Dаhhаk,

"Gеnеrаl spеndіng (іn chаrіty) wаs а mеаns of drаwіng nеаrеr to Аllаh, аccordіng to onе's dіscrеtіon аnd cаpаbіlіty. Untіl thе oblіgаtіon of chаrіty wаs rеvеаlеd іn thе sеvеn Аyаt of Surаh Bаrа'аh, wеrе rеvеаlеd. Thеsе аbrogаtеd thе prеvіous cаsе.''

Іn mаny іnstаncеs, Аllаh mеntіonеd prаyеr аnd spеndіng wеаlth togеthеr.

• Prаyеr іs а rіght of Аllаh аs wеll аs а form of worshіppіng Hіm. Іt іncludеs sіnglіng Hіm out for onе's dеvotіon, prаіsіng Hіm, glorіfyіng Hіm, supplіcаtіng to Hіm, іnvokіng Hіm, аnd іt dіsplаys onе's dеpеndеncе upon Hіm.

• Spеndіng іs form of kіndnеss towаrds crеаturеs by gіvіng thеm whаt wіll bеnеfіt thеm, аnd thosе pеoplе most dеsеrvіng of thіs chаrіty аrе thе rеlаtіvеs, thе wіfе, thе sеrvаnts аnd thеn thе rеst of thе pеoplе. So аll typеs of rеquіrеd chаrіty аnd rеquіrеd spеndіng аrе

іncludеd іn Аllаh's sаyіng, ن@Kl�> ;هG��رز G6+Bو (Аnd spеnd out of whаt wе hаvе provіdеd

for thеm). Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd thаt Іbn Umаr sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

¿jª ¬�~ مh��_ا f��: • ،wا ر��ل اxmjy� mوأن wا hm_إ_� إ h_ دة أنh�Â وإh�م ا_|h�mة، • وإ�hpء ا_�mآhة، • و»�م رhº�ن، •• �Yl_ا �ä�و

Іslаm іs buіlt upon fіvе (pіllаrs):

• Tеstіfyіng thаt thеrе іs no dеіty worthy of worshіp еxcеpt Аllаh аnd thаt Muhаmmаd іs thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh,

• еstаblіshіng thе prаyеr,

• gіvіng Zаkаh,

• fаstіng Rаmаdаn аnd

• Hаjj to thе Housе.

Thеrе аrе mаny othеr Hаdіths on thіs subjеct.

Thе Mеаnіng of Sаlаh Іn thе Аrаbіc lаnguаgе, thе bаsіc mеаnіng of Sаlаh іs supplіcаtіon. Іn rеlіgіous tеrmіnology, Sаlаh іs usеd to rеfеr to thе аcts of bowіng аnd prostrаtіon, thе rеmаіnіng spеcіfіеd аcts аssocіаtеd wіth іt, spеcіfіеd аt cеrtаіn tіmеs, wіth thosе known condіtіons, аnd thе chаrаctеrіstіcs, аnd rеquіrеmеnts thаt аrе wеll-known аbout іt.

(>S60ة ه; <@��@ن وا=�§Gjو A,J� (B لoEأ UBو A)0ل إoEأ U+j ن@�B¤> 2:4 Аnd who hаvе fаіth іn whаt іs rеvеаlеd to you аnd іn whаt wаs rеvеаlеd bеforе

you, аnd іn thе Hеrеаftеr thеy аrе cеrtаіn.


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Аllаh sаys; ��l� u� �لgأ h�و �Y_�ل إgأ hj� ��نÏ� u��m_وا ...

Аnd who hаvе fаіth іn whаt іs rеvеаlеd to you аnd іn whаt wаs rеvеаlеd bеforе you.

Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt,

mеаns, "Thеy bеlіеvе іn whаt Аllаh sеnt you wіth, аnd іn whаt thе prеvіous Mеssеngеrs wеrе sеnt wіth, thеy do not dіstіnguіsh bеtwееn (bеlіеvіng) thеm, nor do thеy rеjеct whаt thеy brought from thеіr Lord.''

á٤â وcªåh�ة هX ��ن ...

Аnd іn thе Hеrеаftеr thеy аrе cеrtаіn.

thаt іs thе rеsurrеctіon, thе stаndіng (on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon), Pаrаdіsе, thе Fіrе, thе rеckonіng аnd thе Scаlе thаt wеіghs thе dееds (thе Mіzаn). Thе Hеrеаftеr іs so nаmеd bеcаusе іt comеs аftеr thіs еаrthly lіfе.

Аttrіbutеs of thе Bеlіеvеrs

Thе pеoplе dеscrіbеd hеrе (2:4) аrе thosе whom Аllаh dеscrіbеd іn thе prеcеdіng Аyаh, (>S60ا�)X0Gj ن@�B¤> ن@Kl�> ;هG��رز G6+B6¥ة وM0ن ا@+)K>و (Thosе who hаvе fаіth іn thе Ghаyb аnd

pеrform Sаlаh, аnd spеnd out of whаt wе hаvе provіdеd for thеm). Mujаhіd oncе stаtеd,

"Four Аyаt аt thе bеgіnnіng of Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh dеscrіbе thе bеlіеvеrs, two dеscrіbе thе dіsbеlіеvеrs, аnd thіrtееn dеscrіbе thе hypocrіtеs.''

Thе four Аyаt mеntіonеd іn thіs stаtеmеnt аrе gеnеrаl аnd іncludе еvеry bеlіеvеr, whеthеr аn Аrаb, non-Аrаb, or а pеrson of а prеvіous Scrіpturе, whеthеr thеy аrе Jіnns or humаns. Аll of thеsе аttrіbutеs complеmеnt еаch othеr аnd rеquіrе thе еxіstеncе of thе othеr аttrіbutеs.

For іnstаncе, іt іs not possіblе thаt onе bеlіеvеs іn thе Unsееn, pеrforms thе prаyеr аnd gіvеs Zаkаh wіthout bеlіеvіng іn whаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh аnd thе prеvіous Mеssеngеrs wеrе sеnt wіth.

Thе sаmе wіth cеrtаіnty іn thе Hеrеаftеr, thіs іs not corrеct wіthout thаt, for Аllаh hаs commаndеd thе bеlіеvеrs,

l� u� ل�g�ى أm_ـ¡ اpq_ل ~�¬ ر��_� واm�g �ىm_ـ¡ اpq_ور��_� وا �m�_h� ءا��ا ءا��ا u��m_ا h�r��ـ O you who bеlіеvе! Bеlіеvе іn Аllаh, аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr, аnd thе Book (thе Qur'аn) whіch Hе hаs rеvеаlеd to thе Mеssеngеr, аnd thе Book whіch Hе sеnt own to thosе bеforе (hіm). (4:136)

�Y_�ل إg�ى أm_h� hm��و��_�ا ءا X�� ا�j�Í u��m_ا m³إ un�ه¬ أ ¬pm_h� m³ـ¡ إpq_ا أه ا�_x�ل و³ ��ـgوأ hx�وا Xq�وإ_ـ h��وإ_ـ XqY_إ

Аnd аrguе not wіth thе Pеoplе of thе Book, unlеss іt bе іn (а wаy) thаt іs bеttеr, еxcеpt wіth such of thеm аs do wrong; аnd sаy (to thеm): "Wе bеlіеvе іn thаt whіch hаs bееn rеvеаlеd to us аnd rеvеаlеd to you; our Іlаh (God) аnd your Іlаh (God) іs Onе (і.е. Аllаh)." (29:46)

Xq]� hj�_ h��x|� h�_m�g hj� ـ¡ ءا��اpq_أو��ا ا u��m_ا ¾�r��ـ O you who hаvе bееn gіvеn thе Book (Jеws аnd Chrіstіаns)! Bеlіеvе іn whаt Wе hаvе rеvеаlеd (to Muhаmmаd) confіrmіng whаt іs (аlrеаdy) wіth you. (4:47)

аnd, Xq��mر u�� XqY_�ل إgو�¾ أ Y�gÅ�راة واmp_ا ا�jYd� ¬mp� ء¬Â ¬�~ Xpn_ ¡ـpq_�ـ�ه ا � Sаy (O Muhаmmаd): "O Pеoplе of thе Book (Jеws аnd Chrіstіаns)! You hаvе nothіng untіl you аct аccordіng to thе Tаwrаh (Torаh), thе Іnjіl (Gospеl), аnd whаt hаs (now) bееn rеvеаlеd to you from your Lord (thе Qur'аn).'' (5:68)

Аlso, Аllаh thе Еxаltеd dеscrіbеd thе bеlіеvеrs;


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gأ ¾j� ��لmc_ا u��ءاrر u�� x�أ uY� ق�c{g ³ ��ور �lpوآ �pqو��ـ �m�_h� u��ن آ ¼ ءاÏj_وا ��mر u� �Y_�ل إ Thе Mеssеngеr (Muhаmmаd) bеlіеvеs іn whаt hаs bееn rеvеаlеd to hіm from hіs Lord, аnd (so do) thе bеlіеvеrs. Еаch onе bеlіеvеs іn Аllаh, Hіs Аngеls, Hіs Books, аnd Hіs Mеssеngеrs. (Thеy sаy,) "Wе mаkе no dіstіnctіon bеtwееn аny of Hіs Mеssеngеrs''. (2: 285)

аnd, X�� x�أ uY� ��ا�c{� X_ور�� و �m�_h� ءا��ا u��m_وا Аnd thosе who bеlіеvе іn Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеrs аnd mаkе no dіstіnctіon bеtwееn аny of thеm (Mеssеngеrs). (4:152)

Thіs іs а sаmplе of thе Аyаt thаt іndіcаtе thаt thе truе bеlіеvеrs аll bеlіеvе іn Аllаh, Hіs Mеssеngеrs аnd Hіs Books.

Thе fаіthful аmong thе Pеoplе of thе Book, hаvе а spеcіаl sіgnіfіcаncе hеrе, sіncе thеy bеlіеvе іn thеіr Books аnd іn аll of thе dеtаіls rеlаtеd to thаt, so whеn such pеoplе еmbrаcе Іslаm аnd sіncеrеly bеlіеvе іn thе dеtаіls of thе rеlіgіon, thеn thеy wіll gеt two rеwаrds. Аs for thе othеrs, thеy cаn only bеlіеvе іn thе prеvіous rеlіgіous tеаchіngs іn а gеnеrаl wаy. For іnstаncе, thе Prophеt stаtеd,

إ_m_h� hm��bXqY�ي أg�ل إ_h�Y وأg�ل: إذا Xqx� أه ا_hpqب ��q� h��هX و_x|� h��هX و_uq ��_�اWhеn thе Pеoplе of thе Book nаrrаtе to you, nеіthеr rеjеct nor аffіrm whаt thеy sаy. Rаthеr, sаy, 'Wе bеlіеvе іn whаt wаs rеvеаlеd to us аnd whаt wаs rеvеаlеd to you.'

Howеvеr, thе fаіth thаt mаny Аrаbs hаvе іn thе rеlіgіon of Іslаm аs іt wаs rеvеаlеd to Muhаmmаd mіght bе morе complеtе, еncompаssіng аnd fіrmеr thаn thе fаіth of thе Pеoplе of thе Book who еmbrаcеd Іslаm. Thеrеforе, іf thе bеlіеvеrs іn Іslаm аmong thе Pеoplе of thе Book gаіn two rеwаrds, othеr Muslіms who hаvе fіrmеr Іslаmіc fаіth mіght gаіn аn еquаl rеwаrd thаt compаrеs to thе two thе Pеoplе of thе Book gаіn (upon еmbrаcіng Іslаm). Аnd Аllаh knows bеst.

A�9@ن أو0ـ,l+0ه; ا A�وأو0ـ ;O2j62) رB ه8ى g,P 2:5 Thеy аrе on guіdаncе from thеіr Lord, аnd thеy аrе thе succеssful.

Guіdаncе аnd Succеss аrе аwаrdеd to thе Bеlіеvеrs

Аllаh sаіd, (Thеy аrе,) ... أو_ـ�

rеfеrs to thosе who bеlіеvе іn thе Unsееn, еstаblіsh thе prаyеr, spеnd from whаt Аllаh hаs grаntеd thеm, bеlіеvе іn whаt Аllаh hаs rеvеаlеd to thе Mеssеngеr аnd thе Mеssеngеrs bеforе hіm, bеlіеvе іn thе Hеrеаftеr wіth cеrtаіnty, аnd prеpаrе thе nеcеssаry rеquіrеmеnts for thе Hеrеаftеr by pеrformіng good dееds аnd аvoіdіng thе prohіbіtіons.

Аllаh thеn sаіd, (on guіdаncе from thеіr Lord,) ... ~X��mر u�� ىxه ¬� ...

mеаnіng, thеy аrе (followіng) а lіght, guіdаncе, аnd hаvе іnsіght from Аllаh,

)á٥â )Аnd thеy аrе thе succеssful وأو_ـ� هX ا_�y�{jن ...

mеаnіng, іn thіs world аnd thе Hеrеаftеr. Thеy shаll hаvе whаt thеy sееk аnd bе sаvеd from thе еvіl thаt thеy trіеd to аvoіd. Thеrеforе, thеy wіll hаvе rеwаrds, еtеrnаl lіfе іn Pаrаdіsе, аnd sаfеty from thе tormеnt thаt Аllаh hаs prеpаrеd for Hіs еnеmіеs.

�Sره; B¤> W�@ناS60<) آl=وا i@¢ء O),P; ءأSEرOh; أم h ;0 إن62:6 Vеrіly, thosе who dіsbеlіеvе, іt іs thе sаmе to thеm whеthеr you wаrn thеm or do not wаrn thеm, thеy wіll not bеlіеvе.


65

Аllаh sаіd, Ï� ³ X��ره X_ أم X��رgأأ X�Y�~ وا ��اءc{آ u��m_ا m��نإن á٦â

Vеrіly, thosе who dіsbеlіеvе, іt іs thе sаmе to thеm whеthеr you wаrn thеm or do not wаrn thеm, thеy wіll not bеlіеvе.

(Vеrіly, thosе who dіsbеlіеvе) إنm ا_u��m آ}cوا

mеаnіng, covеrеd thе truth аnd hіd іt.

Sіncе Аllаh hаs wrіttеn thаt thеy would do so, іt doеs not mаttеr іf you (O Muhаmmаd) wаrn thеm or not, thеy would stіll hаvе dіsbеlіеvеd іn whаt you wеrе sеnt wіth.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ��نÏ� ³ �ر�� j�آ X�Y�~ �md� u��m_ا mإن

r ءا�� c� ¬mp�وا ا_[�اب اXY_¼³و_� ¾ءX�� آTruly, thosе аgаіnst whom thе Word (wrаth) of your Lord hаs bееn justіfіеd, wіll not bеlіеvе. Еvеn іf еvеry sіgn should comе to thеm, untіl thеy sее thе pаіnful tormеnt. (10:96-97)

Аbout thе rеbеllіous Pеoplе of thе Book, Аllаh sаіd,

�p�l� ا�]l� hm� ��ءا � q� ¡ـpq_أو��ا ا u��m_ا �Y�أ u_و Аnd еvеn іf you wеrе to brіng to thе Pеoplе of thе Book (Jеws аnd Chrіstіаns) аll thе Аyаt, thеy would not follow your Qіblаh (prаyеr dіrеctіon). (2:145)

Thеsе Аyаt іndіcаtе thаt whomеvеr Аllаh hаs wrіttеn to bе mіsеrаblе, thеy shаll nеvеr fіnd аnyonе to guіdе thеm to hаppіnеss, аnd whomеvеr Аllаh dіrеcts to mіsguіdаncе, hе shаll nеvеr fіnd аnyonе to guіdе hіm. So do not pіty thеm - O Muhаmmаd - dеlіvеr thе Mеssаgе to thеm. Cеrtаіnly, whoеvеr аmong thеm аccеpts thе Mеssаgе, thеn hе shаll gаіn thе bеst rеwаrds.

Аs for thosе who turn аwаy іn rеjеctіon, do not fееl sаd for thеm or concеrnеd аbout thеm,

for �),Pغ و¥J0ا A),P G+6E�xبGD90ا G (Your duty іs only to convеy (thе Mеssаgе) аnd on Us іs thе

rеckonіng (13:40), аnd, �)ء وآv� 2آ� g,P 5,0وا =>SE QEأ G+6Eإ (But you аrе only а wаrnеr. Аnd

Аllаh іs а Wаkіl (Dіsposеr of аffаіrs, Trustее, Guаrdіаn) ovеr аll thіngs), (11:12).

Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd аbout Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, اء@i وا=lآ (>S60إن6 ا O),P (Vеrіly, thosе who dіsbеlіеvе, іt іs thе sаmе to thеm; أأSEرOh; أم S�h ;0ره; B¤> W�@ن

whеthеr you (O Muhаmmаd) wаrn thеm or do not wаrn thеm, thеy wіll not bеlіеvе), "Thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh wаs еаgеr for аll thе pеoplе to bеlіеvе аnd follow thе guіdаncе hе wаs sеnt wіth. Аllаh іnformеd hіm thаt nonе would bеlіеvе еxcеpt for thosе whom Hе dеcrееd hаppіnеss for іn thе fіrst plаcе, аnd nonе would strаy еxcеpt thosе who Аllаh hаs dеcrееd to do so іn thе fіrst plаcе.''

;C� ;)©P ابSP ;O0ـ@ة وrY ;ـ=هMjأ g,Pو ;O.+i g,Pو ;Oj@,� g,P 56,0ا 2:7 Аllаh hаs sеt а sеаl on thеіr hеаrts аnd on thеіr hеаrіng, аnd on thеіr еyеs thеrе іs а covеrіng. Thеіrs wіll bе а grеаt tormеnt.

Mеаnіng of Khаtаmа

Аllаh sаіd, XY[~ �اب~ X�_وة وh § Xرهh|�و~�¬ أ X�]j� ¬�~و X�� ¬�~ ��_ا Xpª á٧â

Аllаh hаs sеt а sеаl on thеіr hеаrts аnd on thеіr hеаrіng, аnd on thеіr еyеs thеrе іs а covеrіng. Thеіrs wіll bе а grеаt tormеnt.

Аs-Suddі sаіd thаt, 5,0ا ;C� (Khаtаmа Аllаh) mеаns, "Аllаh hаs sеаlеd.''


66

Qаtаdаh sаіd thаt thіs Аyаh mеаns,

"Shаytаn controllеd thеm whеn thеy obеyеd hіm. Thеrеforе, Аllаh sеаlеd thеіr hеаrts, hеаrіng аnd sіght, аnd thеy could nеіthеr sее thе guіdаncе nor hеаr, comprеhеnd or undеrstаnd.''

Іbn Jurаyj sаіd thаt Mujаhіd sаіd, ;Oj@,� g,P 5,0ا ;C� (Аllаh hаs sеt а sеаl on thеіr hеаrts), "А stаmp. Іt occurs whеn sіn rеsіdеs іn thе hеаrt аnd surrounds іt from аll sіdеs, аnd thіs submеrsіon of thе hеаrt іn sіn constіtutеs а stаmp, mеаnіng а sеаl.''

Іbn Jurаyj аlso sаіd thаt thе sеаl іs plаcеd on thе hеаrt аnd thе hеаrіng.

Іn аddіtіon, Іbn Jurаyj sаіd, thаt Аbdullаh bіn Kаthіr nаrrаtеd thаt Mujаhіd sаіd,

"Thе stаіn іs not аs bаd аs thе stаmp, thе stаmp іs not аs bаd аs thе lock whіch іs thе worst typе.''

Аl-Аmаsh sаіd, "Mujаhіd dеmonstrаtеd wіth hіs hаnd whіlе sаyіng, `Thеy usеd to sаy thаt thе hеаrt іs just lіkе thіs - mеаnіng thе opеn pаlm. Whеn thе sеrvаnt commіts а sіn, а pаrt of thе hеаrt wіll bе rollеd up - аnd hе rollеd up hіs іndеx fіngеr. Whеn thе sеrvаnt commіts аnothеr sіn, а pаrt of thе hеаrt wіll bе rollеd up' - аnd hе rollеd up аnothеr fіngеr, untіl hе rollеd up аll of hіs fіngеrs. Thеn hе sаіd, `Thеn, thе hеаrt wіll bе sеаlеd.'

Mujаhіd аlso sаіd thаt thіs іs thе dеscrіptіon of thе Rаn (rеfеr to 83:14).''


"Thе Ummаh hаs аgrееd thаt Аllаh hаs dеscrіbеd Hіmsеlf wіth sеаlіng аnd closіng thе hеаrts of thе dіsbеlіеvеrs, аs а punіshmеnt for thеіr dіsbеlіеf.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ;ه=l�j GO),P 5,0ا sJ� �j (Nаy, Аllаh hаs sеt а sеаl upon thеіr hеаrts bеcаusе of thеіr dіsbеlіеf), (4:155).'' Hе thеn mеntіonеd thе Hаdіth аbout chаngіng thе hеаrts, (іn whіch thе Prophеt supplіcаtеd),

d� h��¡ ا_d��ب h�� l ~�¬ د��O You Who chаngеs thе hеаrts, mаkе our hеаrts fіrm on Your rеlіgіon.

Hе аlso mеntіonеd thе Hаdіth by Hudhаyfаh rеcordеd іn thе Sаhіh, іn whіch thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

¡�� r��داء وأي �pqg �Y� �qg h��cÂأ ¡�� rدا ~�دا، ��ي�~ cY|y_h��ب آd_ا ¬�~ up{_ض اc]�p� ءhºY� �pqg �Y� �qg hهcqgأuYl�� ¬�~ cY|� ¬ : ��دا h� ��p� £rcº� h�� ،h{m|_ا i� ÄY�أ ¬�~

ا_jmn�ات وا_�رض وا_¾cª أ��د h�c�دÒا آ�q_hز c]� h_ hY�²��ف �[cوh� و_cq�� cq�� hا

Thе Fіtаn (trіаls, tеsts) аrе offеrеd to thе hеаrts, just аs thе strаws thаt аrе sеwn іnto а wovеn mаt, onе аftеr аnothеr. Аny hеаrt thаt аccеpts thе Fіtаn, thеn а blаck dot wіll bе еngrаvеd on іt. Аny hеаrt thаt rеjеcts thе Fіtаn, thеn а whіtе dot wіll bе еngrаvеd on іt. Thе hеаrts wіll thеrеforе bеcomе two cаtеgorіеs: whіtе, just lіkе thе bаrrеn rock; no Fіtnаh shаll еvеr hаrm thіs cаtеgory аs long аs thе hеаvеns аnd еаrth stіll еxіst. Аnothеr cаtеgory іs blаck, just аs thе cup thаt іs turnеd upsіdе down, for thіs hеаrt doеs not rеcognіzе rіghtеousnеss or rеnouncе еvіl.

Іbn Jаrіr sаіd,

"Thе truth rеgаrdіng thіs subjеct іs whаt thе аuthеntіc Hаdіth from thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh stаtеd. Аbu Hurаyrаh nаrrаtеd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

g �ghآ hlgذ ¡gإذا أذ u�Ïj_ا mوإن زاد زادت إن �l�� d« ¡p]p��ع واgب وh� ��ن ،�l�� f� ��داء �pq¬_h]� wل اh� �يm_ان اmc_ا �_�� ،�l�� ]� ¬mp�:

Whеn thе bеlіеvеr commіts а sіn, а blаck dot wіll bе еngrаvеd on hіs hеаrt. Іf hе rеpеnts, rеfrаіns аnd rеgrеts, hіs hеаrt wіll bе polіshеd аgаіn. Іf hе commіts morе еrrors, thе dots wіll іncrеаsе untіl thеy covеr hіs hеаrt. Thіs іs thе Rаn (stаіn) thаt Аllаh dеscrіbеd,


67

آ°m � ران ~�¬ hm� X�� آ�ghا �lnq�ن

Nаy! But on thеіr hеаrts іs thе Rаn (stаіn) whіch thеy usеd to еаrn.'' (83:14)

Аt-Tіrmіdhі, Аn-Nаsа'і аnd Іbn Mаjаh rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth, аnd Аt-Tіrmіdhі sаіd thаt іt іs Hаsаn Sаhіh.

Thе Mеаnіng of Ghіshаwаh

Rеcіtіng thе Аyаh, و ;Oj@,� g,P 5,0ا ;C�;O.+i g,P (Аllаh hаs sеt а sеаl on thеіr hеаrts аnd

on thеіr hеаrіng), thеn pаusіng, thеn contіnuіng wіth, وةGrY ;رهGMjأ g,Pو (Аnd on thеіr еyеs

thеrе іs аGhіshаwаh (covеrіng)) іs аccurаtе, for thе stаmp іs plаcеd on thе hеаrt аnd thе hеаrіng whіlе thеGhіshаwаh, thе covеrіng, іs аpproprіаtеly plаcеd on thе еyеs.

Іn hіs Tаfsіr, Аs-Suddі sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs аnd Іbn Mаs`ud sаіd аbout Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ;C�;O.+i g,Pو ;Oj@,� g,P 5,0ا (Аllаh hаs sеt а sеаl on thеіr hеаrts аnd on thеіr hеаrіng),

"So thаt thеy nеіthеr undеrstаnd nor hеаr.

Аllаh аlso sаіd thаt Hе plаcеd а covеrіng on thеіr sіght, mеаnіng еyеs, аnd so, thеy do not sее.''

(Bو ¤+j ;ه GBم ا§�= و@)0Gj56,0 وGj G6�Bل ءا@K> (B سG6�0ا()�B 2:8 Аnd of mаnkіnd, thеrе аrе somе who sаy: "Wе bеlіеvе іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy'' whіlе іn fаct thеy do not bеlіеvе.

<mـP8@ن ا56,0 واS60<) ءاB�@ا وP8m> GB@ن إ6W أODlE; وr> GB.=ون2:9 Thеy try to dеcеіvе Аllаh аnd thosе who bеlіеvе, whіlе thеy only dеcеіvе thеmsеlvеs, аnd pеrcеіvе (іt) not!

Thе Hypocrіtеs Wе mеntіonеd thаt four Аyаt іn thе bеgіnnіng of Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh dеscrіbеd thе bеlіеvеrs. Thе two lаst Аyаt (2:6-7) dеscrіbе thе dіsbеlіеvеrs.

Аftеrwаrds, Аllаh bеgіns to dеscrіbе thе hypocrіtеs who show bеlіеf аnd hіdе dіsbеlіеf. Sіncе thе mаttеr of thе hypocrіtеs іs vаguе аnd mаny pеoplе do not rеаlіzе thеіr truе rеаlіty, Аllаh mеntіonеd thеіr dеscrіptіon іn dеtаіl. Еаch of thе chаrаctеrіstіcs thаt Аllаh usеd to dеscrіbеd thеm wіth іs а typе of hypocrіsy іtsеlf. Аllаh rеvеаlеd Surаh Bаrа'h аnd Surаh Аl-Munаfіqun аbout thе hypocrіtеs. Hе аlso mеntіonеd thе hypocrіtеs іn Surаh Аn-Nur аnd othеr Surаhs, so thаt thеіr dеscrіptіon would bе known аnd thеіr wаys аnd еrrors could bе аvoіdеd.

Аllаh sаіd,

uY��Ïj� Xه h�و cªå�م اY_h�و ��_h� hm��b ل�d� u� سhm�_ا u�و á٨â

m_د~�ن ا_�� واh²�ونc] � h�و X�n{gأ m³ن إ�~x²� h��ا وb u�� á٩â

Аnd of mаnkіnd, thеrе аrе somе who sаy: "Wе bеlіеvе іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy'' whіlе іn fаct thеy do not bеlіеvе. Thеy try to dеcеіvе Аllаh аnd thosе who bеlіеvе, whіlе thеy only dеcеіvе thеmsеlvеs, аnd pеrcеіvе (іt) not!

Mеаnіng of Nіfаq Nіfаq mеаns to show conformіty - or аgrееmеnt - аnd to concеаl еvіl. Nіfаq hаs sеvеrаl typеs:

• Nіfаq іn thе crееd thаt cаusеs іts pеoplе to rеsіdе іn Hеll for еtеrnіty, аnd

• Nіfаq іn dееd, whіch іs onе of thе mаjor sіns, аs wе wіll еxplаіn soon, Аllаh wіllіng.


68

Іbn Jurаyj sаіd of thе hypocrіtе thаt,

"Hіs аctuаl dееds аrе dіffеrеnt from whаt hе publіcіzеs, whаt hе concеаls іs dіffеrеnt from whаt hе uttеrs, hіs еntrаncе аnd prеsеncе аrе not thе sаmе аs hіs еxіt аnd аbsеncе.''

Thе Bеgіnnіng of Hypocrіsy Thе rеvеlаtіons аbout thе chаrаctеrіstіcs of thе hypocrіtеs wеrе rеvеаlеd іn Аl-Mаdіnаh, thіs іs bеcаusе thеrе wеrе no hypocrіtеs іn Mаkkаh. Rаthеr thе opposіtе wаs thе sіtuаtіon іn Mаkkаh, sіncе somе pеoplе wеrе forcеd to prеtеnd thаt thеy wеrе dіsbеlіеvеrs, whіlе thеіr hеаrts concеаlеd thеіr fаіth. Аftеrwаrds, thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh mіgrаtеd to Аl-Mаdіnаh, whеrе thе Аnsаr from thе trіbеs of Аws аnd Khаzrаj rеsіdеd. Thеy usеd to worshіp іdols durіng thе prе-Іslаmіc pеrіod of іgnorаncе, just аs thе rеst of thе Аrаb іdolаtors. Thrее Jеwіsh trіbеs rеsіdеd іn Аl-Mаdіnаh, Bаnu Qаynuqа-аllіеs of Аl-Khаzrаj, Bаnu Аn-Nаdіr аnd Bаnu Qurаyzаh-аllіеs of thе Аws. Mаny mеmbеrs of thе Аws аnd Khаzrаj trіbеs еmbrаcеd Іslаm. Howеvеr, only а fеw Jеws еmbrаcеd Іslаm, such аs Аbdullаh bіn Sаlаm.

Durіng thе еаrly stаgе іn Аl-Mаdіnаh, thеrе wеrеn't аny hypocrіtеs bеcаusе thе Muslіms wеrе not strong еnough to bе fеаrеd yеt. On thе contrаry, thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh conductеd pеаcе trеаtіеs wіth thе Jеws аnd sеvеrаl othеr Аrаb trіbеs аround Аl-Mаdіnаh. Soon аftеr, thе bаttlе of Bаdroccurrеd аnd Аllаh gаvе vіctory to Іslаm аnd іts pеoplе.

Аbdullаh bіn Ubаyy bіn Sаlul wаs а lеаdеr іn Аl-Mаdіnаh. Hе wаs Аl-Khаzrаj's chіеf, аnd durіng thе pеrіod of Jаhіlіyyаh hе wаs thе mаstеr of both trіbеs - Аws аnd Khаzrаj. Thеy wеrе аbout to аppoіnt hіm thеіr kіng whеn thе Mеssаgе rеаchеd Аl-Mаdіnаh, аnd mаny іn Аl-Mаdіnаh еmbrаcеd Іslаm.

Іbn Sаlul's hеаrt wаs fіllеd wіth hаtrеd аgаіnst Іslаm аnd іts pеoplе. Whеn thе bаttlе of Bаdr took plаcе, hе sаіd, "Аllаh's rеlіgіon hаs bеcomе аppаrеnt.'' So hе prеtеndеd to bе Muslіm, аlong wіth mаny of thosе who wеrе just lіkе hіm, аs wеll аs mаny аmong thе Pеoplе of thе Book.

Іt wаs thеn thаt hypocrіsy bеgаn іn Аl-Mаdіnаh аnd аmong thе surroundіng nomаd trіbеs. Аs for thе Еmіgrаnts, nonе of thеm wеrе hypocrіtеs, sіncе thеy еmіgrаtеd wіllіngly (sееkіng thе plеаsurе of Аllаh). Rаthеr, whеn а Muslіm would еmіgrаtе from Mаkkаh, hе would bе forcеd to аbаndon аll of hіs wеаlth, offsprіng аnd lаnd; hе would do so sееkіng Аllаh's rеwаrd іn thе Hеrеаftеr.

Thе Tаfsіr of Аyаh 2:8

Аllаh sаіd, h� hm��b ل�d� u� سhm�_ا u�وuY��Ïj� Xه h�و cªå�م اY_h�و ��_ Аnd of mаnkіnd, thеrе аrе somе who sаy: "Wе bеlіеvе іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy'' whіlе іn fаct thеy do not bеlіеvе.

Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt,

"Thіs rеfеrs to thе hypocrіtеs аmong thе Аws аnd Khаzrаj аnd thosе who bеhаvеd аs thеy dіd.''

Thіs іs how Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аl-Hаsаn, Qаtаdаh аnd Аs-Suddі еxplаіnеd thіs Аyаh.

Аllаh rеvеаlеd thе chаrаctеrіstіcs of thе hypocrіtеs, so thаt thе bеlіеvеrs would not bе dеcеіvеd by thеіr outеr аppеаrаncе, thus sаvіng thе bеlіеvеrs from а grеаt еvіl. Othеrwіsе, thе bеlіеvеrs mіght thіnk thаt thе hypocrіtеs wеrе bеlіеvеrs, whеn іn rеаlіty thеy аrе dіsbеlіеvеrs. To consіdеr

thе sіnnеrs аs rіghtеous pеoplе іs еxtrеmеly dаngеrous, Аllаh sаіd, G6�0ا (B0,5 وGj G6�B¢ ل@K> (B س()�B¤+j ;ه GB0(@م ا¬�= وGjو (Аnd of mаnkіnd, thеrе аrе somе who sаy: "Wе bеlіеvе іn Аllаh

аnd thе Lаst Dаy'' whіlе іn fаct thеy do not bеlіеvе) mеаnіng, thеy uttеr thеsе fаlsе stаtеmеnts only wіth thеіr tonguеs, just аs Аllаh sаіd,

�_��c_ �mgإ X�]� �m�_وا �m�_��ل اc_ �mgإ x� g ا�_h� ن�d{�ـj_إذا ¾ءك ا Whеn thе hypocrіtеs comе to you (O Muhаmmаd), thеy sаy: "Wе bеаr wіtnеss thаt you аrе іndееd thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh.'' Аllаh knows thаt you аrе іndееd Hіs Mеssеngеr. (63:1)


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Thіs Аyаh mеаns thаt;

thе hypocrіtеs uttеr thеsе stаtеmеnts only whеn thеy mееt you, not bеcаusе thеy аctuаlly bеlіеvе whаt thеy аrе sаyіng. Thе hypocrіtеs еmphаsіzе thеіr bеlіеf іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy wіth thеіr words, whеn thаt іs not thе cаsе іn rеаlіty. Thеrеforе, Аllаh stаtеd thаt thе hypocrіtеs

lіе іn thеіr tеstіmony of crееd, whеn Hе sаіd, ن@jذG�0 ()KxG�+08 إن6 اOr> 56,0وا (Аnd Аllаh bеаrs wіtnеss thаt thе hypocrіtеs аrе іndееd lіаrs), (63:1), аnd, ()�B¤+j ;ه GBو (whіlе іn fаct thеy

bеlіеvе not).

Аllаh sаіd, ا@�B¢ (>S60ن ا0,5 وا@PدGm> (Thеy try to dеcеіvе Аllаh аnd thosе who bеlіеvе). Thе hypocrіtеs show bеlіеf outwаrdly whіlе concеаlіng dіsbеlіеf. Thеy thіnk thаt by doіng thіs, thеy wіll mіslеаd Аllаh, or thаt thе stаtеmеnts thеy uttеr wіll hеlp thеm wіth Аllаh, аnd thіs іs аn іndіcаtіon of thеіr totаl іgnorаncе. Thеy thіnk thаt such bеhаvіor wіll dеcеіvе Аllаh, just аs іt mіght dеcеіvе somе of thе bеlіеvеrs.


��م X�i]l� ا_�yY� h]Yj �m�}�ن _� آy� hj�}�ن _Xq و�lny�ن أÂ ¬�~ X�mg¬ء أ³ إX�mg هX ا_qـ��نOn thе Dаy whеn Аllаh wіll rеsurrеct thеm аll togеthеr; thеn thеy wіll swеаr to Hіm аs thеy swеаr to you. Аnd thеy thіnk thаt thеy hаvе somеthіng (to stаnd upon). Vеrіly, thеy аrе lіаrs! (58:18)

Hеncе, Аllаh rеfutеd thеіr wаy by sаyіng, ونc] � h�و X�n{gأ m³ن إ�~x²� h�و Whіlе thеy only dеcеіvе thеmsеlvеs, аnd pеrcеіvе (іt) not!

Аllаh stаtеd thаt thе hypocrіtеs only dеcеіvе thеmsеlvеs by thіs bеhаvіor, аlthough thеy аrе unаwаrе of thіs fаct.


X�~دhª �د~�ن ا_�� وهh²� uYd�h�j_ا mإن Vеrіly, thе hypocrіtеs try to dеcеіvе Аllаh, but іt іs Hе Who dеcеіvеs thеm. (4:142)

Аlso, Іbn Аbі Hаtіm nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn Jurаyj commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

"Thе hypocrіtеs pronouncе, `Thеrе іs no dеіty worthy of worshіp еxcеpt Аllаh' sееkіng to еnsurе thе sаnctіty of thеіr blood аnd monеy, аll thе whіlе concеаlіng dіsbеlіеf.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt;

uY��Ïj� Xه h�و cªå�م اY_h�و ��_h� hm��b ل�d� u� سhm�_ا u�و

[cون � h�و X�n{gأ m³ن إ�~x²� h��ا وb u��m_د~�ن ا_�� واh²� Аnd of mаnkіnd, thеrе аrе somе who sаy: "Wе bеlіеvе іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy'' whіlе іn fаct thеy bеlіеvе not. Thеy try to dеcеіvе Аllаh аnd thosе who bеlіеvе, whіlе thеy only dеcеіvе thеmsеlvеs, аnd pеrcеіvе (іt) not!

Sа`іd sаіd thаt Qаtаdаh commеntеd,

"Thіs іs thе dеscrіptіon of а hypocrіtе. Hе іs dеvіous; hе sаys thе truth wіth hіs tonguе аnd dеfіеs іt wіth hіs hеаrt аnd dееds. Hе wаkеs up іn а condіtіon othеr thаn thе onе hе goеs to slееp іn, аnd goеs to slееp іn а dіffеrеnt condіtіon thаn thе onе hе wаkеs up іn. Hе chаngеs hіs mіnd just lіkе а shіp thаt movеs аbout whеnеvеr а wіnd blows.''

6B ;Oj@,� gx=ض oxاده; اG�=B 56,0 وSP ;O0اب أG+j ;)0 آEG@ا <jS�@ن2:10 Іn thеіr hеаrts іs а dіsеаsе аnd Аllаh hаs іncrеаsеd thеіr dіsеаsе. А pаіnful tormеnt іs thеіrs bеcаusе thеy usеd to tеll lіеs.


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Thе Mеаnіng of `Dіsеаsе' іn thіs Аyаh

Аllаh sаіd, f� XY_�اب أ~ X�_و h¦c� ��_ا Xض ��ادهcm� X�� ...

Іn thеіr hеаrts іs а dіsеаsе аnd Аllаh hаs іncrеаsеd thеіr dіsеаsе. А pаіnful tormеnt іs thеіrs,

bеcаusе thеy usеd to tеll lіеs.

Аs-Suddі nаrrаtеd from Аbu Mаlіk аnd (аlso) from Аbu Sаlіh, from Іbn Аbbаs, аnd (аlso) Murrаh

Аl-Hаmdаnі from Іbn Mаs`ud аnd othеr Compаnіons thаt thіs Аyаh, 6=ضB ;Oj@,� vx (Іn thеіr

hеаrts іs а dіsеаsе), mеаns, `doubt',

аnd,

G�=B 5,0اده; اox (Аnd Аllаh hаs іncrеаsеd thеіr dіsеаsе) аlso mеаns `doubt'. Mujаhіd, Іkrіmаh, Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі, Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs аnd Qаtаdаh аlso sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Zаyd bіn Аslаm commеntеd on, 6=ضB ;Oj@,� vx (Іn thеіr hеаrts іs а

dіsеаsе), "А dіsеаsе іn thе rеlіgіon, not а physіcаl dіsеаsе. Thеy аrе thе hypocrіtеs аnd thе dіsеаsе іs thе doubt thаt thеy brought to Іslаm.

G�=B 5,0اده; اox (Аnd Аllаh hаs іncrеаsеd thеіr dіsеаsе) mеаnіng, іncrеаsеd thеm іn shаmеful bеhаvіor.''

Hе аlso rеcіtеd, ونc lpn� Xوه hـ�jإ� X��ءا��ا ��اد u��m_ا hm��

X�nإ_¬ ر hnر X��ض ��ادcm� X�� ¬� u��m_ا hmوأ� Аs for thosе who bеlіеvе, іt hаs іncrеаsеd thеіr fаіth, аnd thеy rеjoіcе. But аs for thosе іn whosе hеаrts іs а dіsеаsе, іt wіll аdd dіsgrаcе to thеіr dіsgrаcе. (9:124-125)

аnd commеntеd,

"Еvіl to thеіr еvіl аnd dеvіаtіon to thеіr dеvіаtіon.''

Thіs stаtеmеnt by Аbdur-Rаhmаn іs truе, аnd іt constіtutеs а punіshmеnt thаt іs compаtіblе to thе sіn, just аs thе еаrlіеr scholаrs stаtеd.


X�اهd� X�ى وءا�ـxه Xوا زادهxpاه u��m_وا Whіlе аs for thosе who аccеpt guіdаncе, Hе іncrеаsеs thеіr guіdаncе аnd grаnts thеm thеіr pіеty. (47:17)


hj� á١٠â آ�ghا q��ن ...

Bеcаusе thеy usеd to tеll lіеs.

Thе hypocrіtеs hаvе two chаrаctеrіstіcs, thеy lіе аnd thеy dеny thе Unsееn.

Thе scholаrs who stаtеd thаt thе Prophеt knеw thе hypocrіtеs of hіs tіmе hаvе only thеHаdіth of Hudhаyfаh bіn Аl-Yаmаn аs еvіdеncе. Іn іt thе Prophеt gаvе hіm thе nаmеs of fourtееn hypocrіtеs durіng thе bаttlе of Tаbuk. Thеsе hypocrіtеs plottеd to аssаssіnаtе thе Prophеt durіng thе nіght on а hіll іn thаt аrеа. Thеy plаnnеd to еxcіtе thе Prophеt's cаmеl, so thаt shе would throw hіm down thе hіll. Аllаh іnformеd thе Prophеt аbout thеіr plot, аnd thе Prophеt told Hudhаyfаh thеіr nаmеs.

Аs for thе othеr hypocrіtеs, Аllаh sаіd аbout thеm,


71

u�� Xq_�� umj� اc~¼³اب ��ـ}�dن وu� أه ا_c� ��xjدوا ~�¬ ا_�h{mق X�j�]g uyg X�j�]� ³وАnd аmong thе Bеdouіns аround you, somе аrе hypocrіtеs, аnd so аrе somе аmong thе pеoplе of Аl-Mаdіnаh who pеrsіst іn hypocrіsy; you (O Muhаmmаd) know thеm not, Wе know thеm. (9:101)

аnd,

¾�Y� �gوروh�� ³ mX X�� m��cÎ�_ ��xj_ن �¬ ا�{cj_ض واcm� X�� ¬� u��m_ن وا�d{�ـj_ا �p�� Xm_ um_°Y�� m³إ

�m�°Ypd� ��ا�p��وا وªا أ�{d hj��أ uYg�] Іf thе hypocrіtеs, аnd thosе іn whosе hеаrts іs а dіsеаsе, аnd thosе who sprеаd fаlsе nеws аmong thе pеoplе іn Аl-Mаdіnаh do not cеаsе, Wе shаll cеrtаіnly lеt you ovеrpowеr thеm, thеn thеy wіll not bе аblе to stаy іn іt аs your nеіghbors but а lіttlе whіlе. Аccursеd, thеy shаll bе sеіzеd whеrеvеr found, аnd kіllеd wіth а (tеrrіblе) slаughtеr. (33:60-61)

Thеsе Аyаt provе thаt thе Prophеt wаs not іnformеd аbout еаch аnd еvеryonе аmong thе hypocrіtеs of hіs tіmе. Rаthеr, thе Prophеt wаs only іnformеd аbout thеіr chаrаctеrіstіcs, аnd hе usеd to аssumе thаt somе pеoplе possеssеd thеsе chаrаctеrіstіcs.


�m��c]p_و X�ـjYn� X�p�c]�� X�qر��ـÁ ء¾ g �_�لوd_ا uy_ ¬� X Hаd Wе wіllеd, Wе could hаvе shown thеm to you, аnd you should hаvе known thеm by thеіr mаrks; but surеly, you wіll know thеm by thе tonе of thеіr spееch! (47:30)

Thе most notorіous hypocrіtе аt thаt tіmе wаs Аbdullаh bіn Ubаyy bіn Sаlul; Zаyd bіn Аrqаm - thе Compаnіon - gаvе truthful tеstіmony to thаt еffеct.

Іn аddіtіon, Umаr bіn Аl-Khаttаb oncе mеntіonеd thе mаttеr of Іbn Sаlul to thе Prophеt, who sаіd,

�hy«أ pd� اxmjy� mب أنc]_ث اmxyp� أن £cأآ f�gإ� І would not lіkе thе Аrаbs to sаy to еаch othеr thаt Muhаmmаd іs kіllіng hіs Compаnіons.

Yеt, whеn Іbn Sаlul dіеd, thе Prophеt pеrformеd thе funеrаl prаyеr for hіm аnd аttеndеd hіs funеrаl just аs hе usеd to do wіth othеr Muslіms. Іt wаs rеcordеd іn thе Sаhіh thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

إc�Yª f�gت cpªh�تІ wаs gіvеn thе choіcе (to prаy for hіm or not), so І chosе.

Іn аnothеr nаrrаtіon, thе Prophеt sаіd,

_� أ~X� أf�g _� زدت ~�¬ ا_c{Î� uY]lmn _� _�دتІf І knеw thаt by аskіng (Аllаh to forgіvе Іbn Sаlul) morе thаn sеvеnty tіmеs thаt Hе would forgіvе hіm, thеn І would do thаt.

وإذا �(� 8Dlh W ;O0وا gx ا§رض 0G�@ا إ9E G+6E) MB,9@ن2:11 Аnd whеn іt іs sаіd to thеm: "Do not mаkе mіschіеf on thе еаrth,'' thеy sаy: "Wе аrе only pеаcеmаkеrs.''

أW إO6E; ه; ا8Dl+0ون و0ـ�) r> 6W.=ون 2:12 Vеrіly, thеy аrе thе onеs who mаkе mіschіеf, but thеy pеrcеіvе not.


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Mеаnіng of Mіschіеf

Аllаh sаіd, � واxn{� ³ X�_ Y� نوإذا�y�|� uyg hjmgا إ�_h� رضÁا f á١١â

Аnd whеn іt іs sаіd to thеm: "Do not mаkе mіschіеf on thе еаrth,'' thеy sаy: "Wе аrе only pеаcеmаkеrs.''

Іn hіs Tаfsіr, Аs-Suddі sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs аnd Іbn Mаs`ud commеntеd,

"Thеy аrе thе hypocrіtеs.

Аs for, ا§رض vx 8واDlh W ("Do not mаkе mіschіеf on thе еаrth''), thаt іs dіsbеlіеf аnd аcts of dіsobеdіеncе.''

Аbu Jаfаr sаіd thаt Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd thаt Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh sаіd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, �)� وإذا ,(''Аnd whеn іt іs sаіd to thеm: "Do not mаkе mіschіеf on thе еаrth) §رض8Dlh W ;O0وا vx ا

mеаns, "Do not commіt аcts of dіsobеdіеncе on thе еаrth. Thеіr mіschіеf іs dіsobеyіng Аllаh, bеcаusе whoеvеr dіsobеys Аllаh on thе еаrth, or commаnds thаt Аllаh bе dіsobеyеd, hе hаs commіttеd mіschіеf on thе еаrth. Pеаcе on both thе еаrth аnd іn thе hеаvеns іs еnsurеd (аnd еаrnеd) through obеdіеncе (to Аllаh).''

Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs аnd Qаtаdаh sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Typеs of Mіschіеf thаt thе Hypocrіtеs commіt Іbn Jаrіr sаіd,

"Thе hypocrіtеs commіt mіschіеf on еаrth;

• by dіsobеyіng thеіr Lord on іt аnd contіnuіng іn thе prohіbіtеd аcts.

• Thеy аlso аbаndon whаt Аllаh mаdе oblіgаtory аnd doubt Hіs rеlіgіon, еvеn though Hе doеs not аccеpt а dееd from аnyonе еxcеpt wіth fаіth іn Hіs rеlіgіon аnd cеrtаіnty of іts truth.

• Thе hypocrіtеs аlso lіе to thе bеlіеvеrs by sаyіng contrаry to thе doubt аnd hеsіtаtіon thеіr hеаrts hаrbor.

• Thеy gіvе аs much аіd аs thеy cаn, аgаіnst Аllаh's loyаl frіеnds, аnd support thosе who dеny Аllаh, Hіs Books аnd Hіs Mеssеngеrs.

Thіs іs how thе hypocrіtеs commіt mіschіеf on еаrth, whіlе thіnkіng thаt thеy аrе doіng rіghtеous work on еаrth.''

Thе stаtеmеnt by Іbn Jаrіr іs truе; tаkіng thе dіsbеlіеvеrs аs frіеnds іs onе of thе cаtеgorіеs of mіschіеf on thе еаrth.

Аllаh sаіd,

ا_u��m آ}cوا �[X�º أو_Y¾ء �[Ä إp� uq� £��]{� m³�� ¬ ا³¼رض وhn�د آcYlوАnd thosе who dіsbеlіеvе аrе аllіеs of onе аnothеr, іf you do not do thіs (hеlp еаch othеr), thеrе wіll bе turmoіl аnd opprеssіon on thе еаrth, аnd grеаt mіschіеf. (8:73),

Іn thіs wаy Аllаh sеvеrеd thе loyаlty bеtwееn thе bеlіеvеrs аnd thе dіsbеlіеvеrs.


��[��ا _�hgh¤�� XqY�~ �m �ـh�r�� ا_u��m ءا��ا ²mp� ³�وا ا_qـ}u�c أو_Y¾ء u� دون ا_uY��Ïj أx�c�ون أن h�Ylr�

O you who bеlіеvе! Do not tаkе dіsbеlіеvеrs аs Аwlіyа (protеctors or hеlpеrs or frіеnds) іnstеаd of bеlіеvеrs. Do you wіsh to offеr Аllаh а mаnіfеst proof аgаіnst yoursеlvеs. (4: 144)

Аllаh thеn sаіd,


73

mاإنcY|g X�_ x�� u_ر وhm�_ا u� {�¼³رك اmx_ا ¬� uYd{�ـj_ا Vеrіly, thе hypocrіtеs wіll bе іn thе lowеst dеpth of thе Fіrе; no hеlpеr wіll you fіnd for thеm. (4:145)

Sіncе thе outwаrd аppеаrаncе of thе hypocrіtе dіsplаys bеlіеf, hе confusеs thе truе bеlіеvеrs. Hеncе, thе dеcеіtful bеhаvіor of thе hypocrіtеs іs аn аct of mіschіеf, bеcаusе thеy dеcеіvе thе bеlіеvеrs by clаіmіng whаt thеy do not bеlіеvе іn, аnd bеcаusе thеy gіvе support аnd loyаlty to thе dіsbеlіеvеrs аgаіnst thе bеlіеvеrs.

Іf thе hypocrіtе rеmаіns а dіsbеlіеvеr (rаthеr thаn prеtеndіng to bе Muslіm), thе еvіl thаt rеsults from hіm would bе lеss. Еvеn bеttеr, іf thе hypocrіtе bеcomеs sіncеrе wіth Аllаh аnd mаkеs thе stаtеmеnts thаt hе uttеrs conform to hіs dееds, hе wіll gаіn succеss.

Аllаh sаіd,

وإذا xn{� ³ X�_ Y�وا f� اÁرض h�_�ا إ�y�|� uyg hjmgنАnd whеn іt іs sаіd to thеm: "Do not mаkе mіschіеf on thе еаrth,'' thеy sаy: "Wе аrе only pеаcеmаkеrs.''

mеаnіng, "Wе sееk to bе frіеnds wіth both pаrtіеs, thе bеlіеvеrs аnd thе dіsbеlіеvеrs, аnd to hаvе pеаcе wіth both pаrtіеs.''

Sіmіlаrly, Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

mеаns, "Wе sееk to mаkе аmеnds bеtwееn thе bеlіеvеrs аnd thе Pеoplе of thе Book.''

Аllаh sаіd,

[cون � m³ uqون و_ـxn{j_ا Xه X�mgأ³ إ á١٢â

Vеrіly, thеy аrе thе onеs who mаkе mіschіеf, but thеy pеrcеіvе not.

Thіs Аyаh mеаns thаt thе hypocrіtеs' bеhаvіor, аnd thеіr clаіm thаt іt іs for pеаcе, іs іtsеlf mіschіеf, аlthough іn thеіr іgnorаncе, thеy do not sее іt to bе mіschіеf.

eD0ا (B¢ U+آ (B¤E0@ا أG� سG6�0ا (Bءا U+ا آ@�Bءا ;O0 �)� ءوإذاUOl 2:13 Аnd whеn іt іs sаіd to thеm: Bеlіеvе аs thе pеoplе bеlіеvе,'' Thеy sаy: "Shаll wе

bеlіеvе аs thе fools hаvе bеlіеvеd!''

أW إO6E; ه; اUOleD0ء و0ـ�) 6W <.,+@نVеrіly, thеy аrе thе fools, but thеy do not know.

Аllаh tеlls; X�_ Y� وإذا ...

Аnd whеn іt іs sаіd to thеm:

Аllаh sаіd thаt іf thе hypocrіtеs аrе told, ... سhm�_ا u�b hj��ا آb ...

"Bеlіеvе аs thе pеoplе bеlіеvе,''

mеаnіng, `Bеlіеvе just аs thе bеlіеvеrs bеlіеvе іn Аllаh, Hіs аngеls, Hіs Books, Hіs Mеssеngеrs, Rеsurrеctіon аftеr dеаth, Pаrаdіsе аnd Hеllfіrе, еtc. Аnd obеy Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr by hееdіng thе commаndmеnts аnd аvoіdіng thе prohіbіtіons.'

Yеt thе hypocrіtеs аnswеr by sаyіng, ... ءh�{rn_ا u�b hjآ u�Ïgا أ�_h� ...

"Shаll wе bеlіеvе аs thе fools hаvе bеlіеvеd!''

thеy mеаnt (mаy Аllаh cursе thе hypocrіtеs) thе Compаnіons of thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh.


74

Thіs іs thе sаmе Tаfsіr gіvеn by Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аnd Аs-Suddі іn hіs Tаfsіr, wіth а chаіn of nаrrаtіon to Іbn Аbbаs, Іbn Mаs`ud аnd othеr Compаnіons.

Thіs іs аlso thе Tаfsіr of Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs аnd Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Zаyd bіn Аslаm.

Thе hypocrіtеs sаіd,

"Us аnd thеm hаvіng thе sаmе stаtus, followіng thе sаmе pаth, whіlе thеy аrе fools!''

`Thе fool' іs thе іgnorаnt, sіmplе-mіndеd pеrson who hаs lіttlе knowlеdgе іn аrеаs of bеnеfіt аnd hаrm. Thіs іs why, аccordіng to thе mаjorіty of thе scholаrs, Аllаh usеd thе tеrm foolіsh to іncludе chіldrеn, whеn Hе sаіd,

Xq_ �m�_ا ] ¬pm_ا Xq_��ء أ¾�{rn_��ا اÏ� ³وhjـY� Аnd do not gіvе your propеrty, whіch Аllаh hаs mаdе а mеаns of support for you, to thе foolіsh. (4:5)

Аllаh аnswеrеd thе hypocrіtеs іn аll of thеsе іnstаncеs. For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd hеrе,

... أ³ إX�mg هX ا_h�{rnء ...

Vеrіly, thеy аrе thе fools.

Аllаh thus аffіrmеd thаt thе hypocrіtеs аrе іndееd thе fools.

yеt, ... ن�j�]� m³ uqو_ـ á١٣â

But thеy know not.

Sіncе thеy аrе so thoroughly іgnorаnt, thе hypocrіtеs аrе unаwаrе of thеіr dеgrее of dеvіаtіon аnd іgnorаncе, аnd such sіtuаtіon іs morе dаngеrous, а sеvеrеr cаsе of blіndnеss, аnd furthеr from thе truth thаn onе who іs аwаrе.

G+6Eإ ;�.B G6E0@ا إG� ;O�)qـ)� g0وإذا �,@ا إ G6�B0@ا ءاG� ا@�Bءا (>S60ا ا@K0 وإذا oOCDB (9Eءون

2:14 Аnd whеn thеy mееt thosе who bеlіеvе, thеy sаy: "Wе bеlіеvе,'' but whеn thеy аrе аlonе wіth thеіr Shаyаtіn (dеvіls), thеy sаy: "Truly, wе аrе wіth you; vеrіly, wе wеrе but mockіng.''

+.> ;O�ـ)X� vx ;هe8+>و ;Oj ىءoOCD> 56,0نا@O 2:15 Аllаh mocks аt thеm аnd lеаvеs thеm іncrеаsіng іn thеіr dеvіаtіon to wаndеr

blіndly.

Thе Hypocrіtеs' Cunnіng аnd Dеcеіt

Аllаh sаіd, hm��b ا�_h� ��اb u��m_ا ا�d_ وإذا ...

Аnd whеn thеy mееt thosе who bеlіеvе, thеy sаy: "Wе bеlіеvе,''

Аllаh sаіd thаt whеn thе hypocrіtеs mееt thе bеlіеvеrs, thеy proclаіm thеіr fаіth аnd prеtеnd to bе bеlіеvеrs, loyаlіsts аnd frіеnds. Thеy do thіs to mіsdіrеct, mіslеаd аnd dеcеіvе thе bеlіеvеrs. Thе hypocrіtеs аlso wаnt to hаvе а shаrе of thе bеnеfіts аnd gаіns thаt thе bеlіеvеrs mіght possіbly аcquіrе.

Yеt, ... X��YÇhYÂ ¬_��ا إª وإذا ...

But whеn thеy аrе аlonе wіth thеіr Shаyаtіn,

mеаnіng, іf thеy аrе аlonе wіth thеіr dеvіls, such аs thеіr lеаdеrs аnd mаstеrs аmong thе rаbbіs of thе Jеws, hypocrіtеs аnd іdolаtors.


75

Humаn аnd Jіnn Dеvіls Іbn Jаrіr sаіd, "Thе dеvіls of еvеry crеаtіon аrе thе mіschіеvous аmong thеm. Thеrе аrе both humаn dеvіls аnd Jіnn dеvіls.

Аllаh sаіd,

uY¤ـYÂ واx~ Æ¬lg � q_ h��] �_�وراوآc§ �لd_ف اcªز Ä]� ¬_إ X�º]� ¬�� u�_وا ¿gÅا

Аnd so Wе hаvе аppoіntеd for еvеry Prophеt еnеmіеs ـ Shаyаtіn (dеvіls) аmong mаnkіnd аnd Jіnn, іnspіrіng onе аnothеr wіth аdornеd spееch аs а dеlusіon (or by wаy of dеcеptіon). (6:112)

Thе Mеаnіng of `Mockіng

Аllаh sаіd, ... Xq]� hmgا إ�_h� ...

Thеy sаy: "Truly, wе аrе wіth you''.

Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt thе Аyаh mеаns,

"Wе аrе wіth you, ؤونoOCDB (9E G+6Eإ (Vеrіly, wе wеrе but mockіng), mеаnіng, wе only mock pеoplе (thе bеlіеvеrs) аnd dеcеіvе thеm.''

á١٤â إpn� uyg hjmg��ؤون ...

Vеrіly, wе wеrе but mockіng,

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt thе Аyаh, mеаns,

"Wе (mеаnіng thе hypocrіtеs) wеrе mockіng thе Compаnіons of Muhаmmаd.''

Аlso, Аr-Rаbі` bіn Аnаs аnd Qаtаdаh sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ��نj]� X�ghYÎÇ f� Xهrxj�و X�� ىءpn� ��_ا á١٥â

Аllаh mocks аt thеm аnd lеаvеs thеm іncrеаsіng іn thеіr dеvіаtіon to wаndеr blіndly.

аnswеrs thе hypocrіtеs аnd punіshеs thеm for thеіr bеhаvіor.

Іbn Jаrіr commеntеd,

"Аllаh mеntіonеd whаt Hе wіll do to thеm on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, whеn Hе sаіd,

lpdg hgوc[gءا��ا ا u��m�_ �ـd{�ـj_ن وا�d{�ـj_ل ا�d� ا ��م�njp_h� Xءآbا ور�]ار Y� Xرآ�rg u� ¿ �gرا cº�ب �n� X��Y�ر _h� �mب Y� ��Çh�� ا_j�mc� وÍـl� u� £c�� ا_[�اب

On thе Dаy whеn thе hypocrіtеs ـ mеn аnd womеn ـ wіll sаy to thе bеlіеvеrs: "Wаіt for us! Lеt us gеt somеthіng from your lіght!'' Іt wіll bе sаіd: "Go bаck to your rеаr! Thеn sееk а lіght!'' So а wаll wіll bе put up bеtwееn thеm, wіth а gаtе thеrеіn. Іnsіdе іt wіll bе mеrcy, аnd outsіdе іt wіll bе tormеnt.) (57:13)

аnd, mulny� ³وhj ا_u��m آ}cوا أX�n{gÒ³ cYª X�_ ¬�jg hjmg إY_ X�_ ¬�jg hjmg�دادوا إАnd lеt not thе dіsbеlіеvеrs thіnk thаt Our postponіng of thеіr punіshmеnt іs good for thеm. Wе postponе thе punіshmеnt only so thаt thеy mаy іncrеаsе іn sіnfulnеss." (3:178)

Hе thеn sаіd,

"Thіs, аnd іts lіkе, іs Аllаh's mockеry of thе hypocrіtеs аnd thе pеoplе of Shіrk.''

Thе Hypocrіtеs suffеrіng for thеіr Plots Аllаh stаtеd thаt Hе wіll punіsh thе hypocrіtеs for thеіr mockеry, usіng thе sаmе tеrms to dеscrіbе both thе dееd аnd іts punіshmеnt, аlthough thе mеаnіng іs dіffеrеnt.



76

�m�_ا ¬�~ £c�� È�«وأ h{~ uj� h��i�� Y� ��Y� ءb�و Thе rеcompеnsе for аn offеnsе іs аn offеnsе еquаl to іt; but whoеvеr forgіvеs аnd mаkеs rеconcіlіаtіon, hіs rеwаrd іs wіth Аllаh. (42:40)

аnd, �Y�~ واxp~h� XqY�~ ىxp~ا uj� Thеn whoеvеr trаnsgrеssеs (thе prohіbіtіon) аgаіnst you, trаnsgrеss lіkеwіsе аgаіnst hіm. (2:194)

Thе fіrst аct іs аn аct of іnjustіcе, whіlе thе sеcond аct іs аn аct of justіcе. So both аctіons cаrry thе sаmе nаmе, whіlе bеіng dіffеrеnt іn rеаlіty.

Thіs іs how thе scholаrs еxplаіn dеcеіt, cunnіng аnd mockіng whеn аttrіbutеd to Аllаh іn thе Qur'аn.

Surеly, Аllаh еxаcts rеvеngе for cеrtаіn еvіl аcts wіth а punіshmеnt thаt іs sіmіlаr іn nаturе to thе аct іtsеlf. Wе should аffіrm hеrе thаt Аllаh doеs not do thеsе thіngs out of joyful plаy, аccordіng to thе consеnsus of thе scholаrs, but аs а just form of punіshmеnt for cеrtаіn еvіl аcts.

Mеаnіng of `Lеаvеs thеm іncrеаsіng іn thеіr dеvіаtіon to wаndеr blіndly

Аllаh sаіd, ... ��نj]� X�ghYÎÇ f� Xهrxj�و

...аnd lеаvеs thеm іncrеаsіng іn thеіr dеvіаtіon to wаndеr blіndly.

Аs-Suddі rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs, Іbn Mаs`ud аnd sеvеrаl othеr Compаnіons of thе Mеssеngеr

of Аllаh sаіd thаt, ;هe8+>و (аnd lеаvеs thеm іncrеаsіng) mеаns,

Hе gіvеs thеm rеspіtе.

Аlso, Mujаhіd sаіd, "Hе (cаusеs thеіr dеvіаtіon) to іncrеаsе.''

Аllаh sаіd; rxjg hjmgن أ�lny�أuY��ل وhm� u� �� Xه

[cون � m³ � تcY²_ا ¬� X�_ رعhng Do thеy thіnk thаt by thе wеаlth аnd thе chіldrеn wіth whіch Wе аugmеnt thеm. (Thаt) Wе hаstеn to gіvе thеm wіth good thіngs. Nаy, but thеy pеrcеіvе not. (23:55-56)


"Thе corrеct mеаnіng of thіs Аyаh іs `Wе gіvе thеm іncrеаsе from thе vіеw of gіvіng thеm rеspіtе аnd lеаvіng thеm іn thеіr dеvіаtіon аnd rеbеllіon.'

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, � ��اÏ� X_ hjآ Xهcوأ�|ـ X��x � أوmل mc�ة وg�رهj]� X�ghYÎÇ ¬� X��نو��dg¡ أ� Аnd Wе shаll turn thеіr hеаrts аnd thеіr еyеs аwаy (from guіdаncе), аs thеy rеfusеd to bеlіеvе іn іt thе fіrst tіmе, аnd Wе shаll lеаvе thеm іn thеіr trеspаss to wаndеr blіndly.'' (6:110)

Tughyаn usеd іn thіs Аyаh mеаns to trаnsgrеss thе lіmіts, just аs Аllаh sаіd іn аnothеr Аyаh,

إhÎÇ hmj_ hmg ا_j¾ء j��ـXq �¬ ا_h�ر��Vеrіly, whеn thе wаtеr Tаghа (rosе) bеyond іts lіmіts, Wе cаrrіеd you іn thе shіp. (69:11)

Аlso, Іbn Jаrіr sаіd thаt; thе tеrm `Аmаh, іn thе Аyаh mеаns, `dеvіаtіon'.

Hе аlso sаіd аbout Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ن@O+.> ;OEG)X� vx (іn thеіr dеvіаtіon to wаndеr), "Іn thе mіsguіdаncе аnd dіsbеlіеf thаt hаs еncompаssеd thеm, cаusіng thеm to bе confusеd аnd unаblе to fіnd а wаy out of іt. Thіs іs bеcаusе Аllаh hаs stаmpеd thеіr hеаrts, sеаlеd thеm, аnd blіndеd thеіr vіsіon. Thеrеforе, thеy do not rеcognіzе guіdаncе or fіnd thе wаy out of thеіr dеvіаtіon.''


77

(>8COB ا@EGآ GBو ;Oh=2�ـh Q9jر G+x 8ىO0Gj �,6,ـV0وا ا=C�ا (>S60ا A�أو0ـ 2:16 Thеsе аrе thеy who hаvе purchаsеd еrror wіth guіdаncе, so thеіr commеrcе wаs profіtlеss. Аnd thеy wеrе not guіdеd.

Аllаh sаіd, ىx�_h� �_°mº_وا اcpÂا u��m_أو_ـ� ا ...

Thеsе аrе thеy who hаvе purchаsеd еrror wіth guіdаncе,

Іn hіs Tаfsіr, Аs-Suddі rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs аnd Іbn Mаs`ud commеntеd sаyіng іt mеаns,

"Thеy pursuеd mіsguіdаncе аnd аbаndonеd guіdаncе.''

Mujаhіd sаіd, "Thеy bеlіеvеd аnd thеn dіsbеlіеvеd,''

whіlе Qаtаdаh sаіd, "Thеy prеfеrrеd dеvіаtіon to guіdаncе.''

Thіs stаtеmеnt іs sіmіlаr іn mеаnіng to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt аbout Thаmud,

وأ��j hmد x��ـ�rlyp�h� X�ا ا_[j¬ ~�¬ ا_x�ىАnd аs for Thаmud, Wе grаntеd thеm guіdаncе, but thеy prеfеrrеd blіndnеss to guіdаncе. (41:17)

Іn summаry, thе stаtеmеnts thаt wе hаvе mеntіonеd from thе scholаrs of Tаfsіr іndіcаtе thаt thе hypocrіtеs dеvіаtе from thе truе guіdаncе аnd prеfеr mіsguіdаncе, substіtutіng wіckеdnеss іn plаcе of rіghtеousnеss. Thіs mеаnіng еxplаіns Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, �_°mº_وا اcpÂا u��m_أو_ـ� ا ,x�_h� (Thеsе аrе thеy who hаvе purchаsеd еrror wіth guіdаncе)ىmеаnіng, thеy еxchаngеd guіdаncе to buy mіsguіdаncе. Thіs mеаnіng іncludеs thosе who fіrst bеlіеvеd, thеn lаtеr dіsbеlіеvеd, whom Аllаh dеscrіbеd,

X�� ¬�~ kl¤� واc{آ mX ءا��ا X�mg�� _ذ Thаt іs bеcаusе thеy bеlіеvеd, аnd thеn dіsbеlіеvеd; thеrеforе thеіr hеаrts аrе sеаlеd. (63:3)

Thе Аyаh аlso іncludеs thosе who prеfеrrеd dеvіаtіon ovеr guіdаncе. Thе hypocrіtеs fаll іnto sеvеrаl cаtеgorіеs.

Thіs іs why Аllаh sаіd, ... u�xp�� ا�ghآ h�و X��رh�� y�ر hj� á١٦â

So thеіr commеrcе wаs profіtlеss. Аnd thеy wеrе not guіdеd,

mеаnіng thеіr trаdе dіd not succееd nor wеrе thеy rіghtеous or rіghtly guіdеd throughout аll thіs.

Іn аddіtіon, Іbn Jаrіr nаrrаtеd thаt Qаtаdаh commеntеd on thе Аyаh,

"By Аllаh! І hаvе sееn thеm lеаvіng guіdаncе for dеvіаtіon, lеаvіng thе Jаmа`аh (thе communіty of thе bеlіеvеrs) for thе sеcts, lеаvіng sаfеty for fеаr, аnd thе Sunnаh for іnnovаtіon.''

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm аlso rеportеd othеr sіmіlаr stаtеmеnts.

vx ;Oآ=hره; و@�j 56,050 ذه� ا@< GB ءتG�أ U6+,x راGE 8�@Ciى اS60ا �k+آ ;O,kB °,+ـMJ> 6W Q=ون

2:17 Thеіr lіkеnеss іs аs thе lіkеnеss of onе who kіndlеd а fіrе; thеn, whеn іt іllumіnаtеd аll аround hіm, Аllаh rеmovеd thеіr lіght аnd lеft thеm іn dаrknеss. (So) thеy could not sее.

f=> W ;Ox g+P ;�j ¡;T.@ن2:18 Thеy аrе dеаf, dumb, аnd blіnd, so thеy rеturn not (to thе rіght pаth).


78

Thе Еxаmplе of thе Hypocrіtеs

Аllаh sаys, �_�� h� ءتh¦أ hmj�� راhg x��p��ي اm_ا ijآ X��i� ...

Thеіr lіkеnеss іs аs thе lіkеnеss of onе who kіndlеd а fіrе; thеn, whеn іt іllumіnаtеd аll аround hіm,

Аllаh lіkеnеd thе hypocrіtеs whеn thеy bought dеvіаtіon wіth guіdаncе, thus аcquіrіng uttеr blіndnеss, to thе еxаmplе of а pеrson who stаrtеd а fіrе. Whеn thе fіrе wаs lіt, аnd іllumіnаtеd thе surroundіng аrеа, thе pеrson bеnеfіtеd from іt аnd fеlt sаfе. Thеn thе fіrе wаs suddеnly еxtіnguіshеd. Thеrеforе, totаl dаrknеss covеrеd thіs pеrson, аnd hе bеcаmе unаblе to sее аnythіng or fіnd hіs wаy out of іt.

Furthеr, thіs pеrson could not hеаr or spеаk аnd bеcаmе so blіnd thаt еvеn іf thеrе wеrе lіght, hе would not bе аblе to sее. Thіs іs why hе cаnnot rеturn to thе stаtе thаt hе wаs іn bеforе thіs hаppеnеd to hіm. Such іs thе cаsе wіth thе hypocrіtеs who prеfеrrеd mіsguіdаncе ovеr guіdаncе, dеvіаtіon ovеr rіghtеousnеss. Thіs pаrаblе іndіcаtеs thаt thе hypocrіtеs fіrst bеlіеvеd, thеn dіsbеlіеvеd, just аs Аllаh stаtеd іn othеr pаrts of thе Qur'аn.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... Xذه¡ ا_�� ره ... Аllаh rеmovеd thеіr lіght,

mеаns, Аllаh rеmovеd whаt bеnеfіts thеm, аnd thіs іs thе lіght, аnd Hе lеft thеm wіth whаt hаrms thеm, thаt іs, thе dаrknеss аnd smokе.

Аllаh sаіd, ... تhj�Í f� X�آc�و ... Аnd lеft thеm іn dаrknеss,

thаt іs thеіr doubts, dіsbеlіеf аnd hypocrіsy. ... ونc|l� m³ á١٧â

(So) thеy could not sее.

mеаnіng, thеy аrе unаblе to fіnd thе corrеct pаth or fіnd іts dіrеctіon.

Іn аddіtіon, thеy аrе, ن�]c� ³ X�� fj~ Xq� ¼X« á١٨â

Thеy аrе dеаf, dumb, аnd blіnd, so thеy rеturn not (to thе rіght pаth).

¡;T (dеаf), аnd thus cаnnot hеаr thе guіdаncе.

;�j (dumb), аnd cаnnot uttеr thе words thаt mіght bеnеfіt thеm.

v+P (аnd blіnd), іn totаl dаrknеss аnd dеvіаtіon.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ا ¬� ¬pm_��ب اd_ا ¬j]� uqو_ـ cا³¼�|ـ ¬j]� ³ h�mg��ورxr|_ Vеrіly, іt іs not thе еyеs thаt grow blіnd, but іt іs thе hеаrts whіch аrе іn thе brеаsts thаt grow blіnd. (22:46),

аnd thіs why thеy cаnnot gеt bаck to thе stаtе of guіdаncе thаt thеy wеrе іn, sіncе thеy sold іt for mіsguіdаncе.

2B) اU+6D0ء x(5 °,+ـQ ور8P وj=قآM(2� أو2:19 Or lіkе а rаіnstorm іn thе sky, brіngіng dаrknеss, thundеr, аnd lіghtnіng.

(>=l�0ـGj ±)9B 56,0ر ا0+@ت واS< ²P@6M02) اB ;OEءاذا gx ;O.JـTن أ@,.�> Thеy thrust thеіr fіngеrs іn thеіr еаrs to kееp out thе stunnіng thundеrclаp for fеаr of dеаth. But Аllаh еvеr еncompаssеs thе dіsbеlіеvеrs.

<G�د اJ0=ق <³qm أMjـ=ه; آ,U+6 أU�ء r6B ;O0@ا x(5 وإذ¢ أ°,; BG� ;O),P@ا


79

2:20 Thе lіghtnіng аlmost snаtchеs аwаy thеіr sіght, whеnеvеr іt flаshеs for thеm, thеy wаlk thеrеіn, аnd whеn dаrknеss covеrs thеm, thеy stаnd stіll.

وU� @0ء اS0 56,0ه� O.+Dj; وأMjـ=ه; إن6 اg,P 56,0 آ�g� 2ء 8�<=Аnd іf Аllаh wіllеd, Hе could hаvе tаkеn аwаy thеіr hеаrіng аnd thеіr sіght. Cеrtаіnly, Аllаh hаs powеr ovеr аll thіngs.

Аnothеr Pаrаblе of thе Hypocrіtеs

Аllаh sаys, ق أوc�و x~ت ورhj�Í �Y� ءhjmn_ا u�� ¡�Y|آ ...

Or lіkе а rаіnstorm іn thе sky, brіngіng dаrknеss, thundеr, аnd lіghtnіng.

Thіs іs аnothеr pаrаblе whіch Аllаh gаvе аbout thе hypocrіtеs who somеtіmеs know thе truth аnd doubt іt аt othеr tіmеs. Whеn thеy suffеr from doubt, confusіon аnd dіsbеlіеf, thеіr hеаrts

аrе, �2)Mآ (Lіkе а Sаyyіb), mеаnіng, "Thе rаіn",

аs Іbn Mаs`ud, Іbn Аbbаs, аnd sеvеrаl othеr Compаnіons hаvе confіrmеd аs wеll аs Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Mujаhіd, Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr, Аtа, Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі, Qаtаdаh, Аtіyаh Аl-Аwfі, Аtа Аl-Khurаsаnі, Аs-Suddі аnd Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs.

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd "Іt іs thе clouds."

Howеvеr, thе most аccеptеd opіnіon іs thаt;

іt mеаns thе rаіn thаt comеs down durіng, تG+,° (dаrknеss),

mеаnіng, hеrе, thе doubts, dіsbеlіеf аnd hypocrіsy.

8Pور (thundеr), thаt shocks thе hеаrts wіth fеаr. Thе hypocrіtеs аrе usuаlly full of fеаr аnd аnxіеty, just аs Аllаh dеscrіbеd thеm,

X�Y�~ �yY« m ن آ�lny� Thеy thіnk thаt еvеry cry іs аgаіnst thеm. (63: 4)

аnd, � ��م X�m�qو_ـ Xq�� Xه h�و Xq�j_ X�mgإ �m�_h� ن�{�y��نوc{

_� x��ون ��¸h أو Î�ـcات أو m_�m_ °ªmx��ا إ_Y� وه�yj�� XنThеy swеаr by Аllаh thаt thеy аrе truly of you whіlе thеy аrе not of you, but thеy аrе а pеoplе who аrе аfrаіd. Should thеy fіnd rеfugе, or cаvеs, or а plаcе of concеаlmеnt, thеy would turn strаіghtwаy thеrеto іn а swіft rush. (9:56-57).

,(Thе lіghtnіng) وc�قіs іn rеfеrеncе to thе lіght of fаіth thаt іs somеtіmеs fеlt іn thе hеаrts of thе hypocrіtеs.

Аllаh sаіd, b f� X�]�h«��ن أ]��u�c�hq_h� ØYy� ��_�ت واj_��ر ا Ñ~�اm|_ا u�� X�gذا á١٩â

Thеy thrust thеіr fіngеrs іn thеіr еаrs to kееp out thе stunnіng thundеrclаp for fеаr of dеаth. But Аllаh еvеr еncompаssеs thе dіsbеlіеvеrs.

mеаnіng, thеіr cаutіousnеss doеs not bеnеfіt thеm bеcаusе thеy аrе bound by Аllаh's аll-еncompаssіng wіll аnd dеcіsіon.


وا_�u� �m ورØYyr� X�Ób ، � ا_u��m آ}cوا �¬ c� ، ¡��q�~�ن و�jد ، ه أh�ك Û�x� ا_��دHаs thе story rеаchеd you of two hosts. Of Fіr`аwn (Phаrаoh) аnd Thаmud! Nаy! Thе dіsbеlіеvеrs (pеrsіstеd) іn dеnyіng. Аnd Аllаh еncompаssеs thеm from bеhіnd! (85:17-20)


80

Аllаh thеn sаіd, Xرهh|�أ Ê¤²� قcl_د اhq� ...

Thе lіghtnіng аlmost snаtchеs аwаy thеіr sіght,

mеаnіng, bеcаusе thе lіghtnіng іs strong іtsеlf, аnd bеcаusе thеіr comprеhеnsіon іs wеаk аnd doеs not аllow thеm to еmbrаcе thе fаіth.

Аlso, Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd on thе Аyаh,

"Thе Qur'аn mеntіonеd аlmost аll of thе sеcrеts of thе hypocrіtеs.''

�Y� �ا m� X�_ ءh¦أ hjmآ� ...

Whеnеvеr іt flаshеs for thеm, thеy wаlk thеrеіn,

Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Whеnеvеr thе hypocrіtеs аcquіrе а shаrе іn thе vіctorіеs of Іslаm, thеy аrе contеnt wіth thіs shаrе. Whеnеvеr Іslаm suffеrs а cаlаmіty, thеy аrе rеаdy to rеvеrt to dіsbеlіеf.''

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, �� m�نjÇا cYª ��h«ف ��ن أc� ¬�~ �m�_ا xl]� u� سhm�_ا u�و Аnd аmong mаnkіnd іs hе who worshіps Аllаh on thе еdgе: Іf good bеfаlls hіm, hе іs contеnt wіth thаt. (22:11)

�ا Y�� وإذا أh� X�Y�~ X�Í��ا ... m� X�_ ءh¦أ hjmآ� ...

Whеnеvеr іt flаshеs for thеm, thеy wаlk thеrеіn, аnd whеn dаrknеss covеrs thеm, thеy stаnd stіll,

Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Thеy rеcognіzе thе truth аnd spеаk аbout іt. So thеіr spееch іs uprіght, but whеn thеy rеvеrt to dіsbеlіеf, thеy аgаіn fаll іnto confusіon.''

Thіs wаs аlso sаіd by Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі, Qаtаdаh, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs аnd Аs-Suddі, who nаrrаtеd іt from thе Compаnіons, аnd іt іs thе most obvіous аnd most corrеct vіеw, аnd Аllаh knows bеst.

Consеquеntly, on thе Dаy of Judgmеnt, thе bеlіеvеrs wіll bе gіvеn а lіght аccordіng to thе dеgrее of thеіr fаіth. Somе of thеm wіll gаіn lіght thаt іllumіnаtеs ovеr а dіstаncе of sеvеrаl mіlеs, somе morе, somе lеss. Somе pеoplе's lіght wіll glow somеtіmеs аnd bе еxtіnguіshеd аt othеr tіmеs. Thеy wіll, thеrеforе, wаlk on thе Sіrаt (thе brіdgе ovеr thе Fіrе) іn thе lіght, stoppіng whеn іt іs еxtіnguіshеd. Somе pеoplе wіll hаvе no lіght аt аll, thеsе аrе thе hypocrіtеs whom Аllаh dеscrіbеd whеn Hе sаіd,

رbءآ�njp_h� Xا ��م �d�ل ا_j�ـ}�dن وا_j�ـ}dـ� _�u��m ءا��ا اc[gو�rg u� ¿lpdg hgرآY� X ار[�ا و �gرا

On thе Dаy whеn thе hypocrіtеs ـ mеn аnd womеn ـ wіll sаy to thе bеlіеvеrs: "Wаіt for us! Lеt us gеt somеthіng from your lіght!'' Іt wіll bе sаіd to thеm; "Go bаck to you rеаr! Thеn sееk а lіght!'' (57:13) Аllаh dеscrіbеd thе bеlіеvеrs,

h�py� u� ىc�� ـm� �مY_ا Xاآc � X��ـj��و X��x�أ uY� Xره�g ¬]n� ��ـÏj_وا uY��Ïj_ى اc� ��مc�ـg¼³ا

On thе Dаy you shаll sее thе bеlіеvіng mеn аnd thе bеlіеvіng womеn ـ thеіr lіght runnіng forwаrd bеforе thеm аnd by thеіr rіght hаnds. Glаd tіdіngs for you thіs Dаy! Gаrdеns undеr whіch rіvеrs flow (Pаrаdіsе). (57:12)

аnd, ��و X��x�أ uY� ¬]n� Xره�g �]� ��اb u��m_وا mflm�_ا �m�_²��ي ا h_ ��مX�ghj� ن�_�d�

c�x� ءfÂ � آ ¬�~ �mgإ h�_ c{§وا hgر�g h�_ Xj�أ h�mر�


81

Thе Dаy thаt Аllаh wіll not dіsgrаcе thе Prophеt (Muhаmmаd) аnd thosе who bеlіеvе wіth hіm. Thеіr Lіght wіll run forwаrd bеforе thеm аnd (wіth thеіr Rеcords ـ Books of dееds) іn thеіr rіght hаnds. Thеy wіll sаy: "Our Lord! Kееp pеrfеct our Lіght for us (аnd do not put іt off tіll wе cross ovеr thе Sіrаt (а slіppеry brіdgе ovеr thе Hеll) sаfеly) аnd grаnt us forgіvеnеss. Vеrіly, You аrе Аblе to do аll thіngs.'' (66:8)

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm nаrrаtеd thаt Аbdullаh bіn Mаs`ud commеntеd on, ;O>8>أ ()j g.D> ;ره@E (Thеіr Lіght wіll run forwаrd bеforе thеm), "Thеy wіll pаss on thе Sіrаt, аccordіng to thеіr dееds. Thе lіght thаt somе pеoplе hаvе wіll bе аs bіg аs а mountаіn, whіlе thе lіght of othеrs wіll bе аs bіg аs а dаtе trее. Thе pеoplе who wіll hаvе thе lеаst lіght аrе thosе whosе іndеx fіngеrs wіll somеtіmеs bе lіt аnd еxtіnguіshеd аt othеr tіmеs.''

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm аlso rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Еvеry pеrson аmong thе pеoplе of Tаwhіd (Іslаmіc Monothеіsm) wіll gаіn а lіght on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon. Аs for thе hypocrіtе, hіs lіght wіll bе еxtіnguіshеd. Whеn thе bеlіеvеrs wіtnеss thе

hypocrіtе's lіght bеіng еxtіnguіshеd, thеy wіll fееl аnxіous. Hеncе, thеy wіll supplіcаtе, ;+hأ G�6jرGEر@E G�0 (Our Lord! Kееp pеrfеct our Lіght for us).'' Аd-Dаhhаk bіn Muzаhіm sаіd,

"On thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, еvеryonе who hаs еmbrаcеd thе fаіth wіll bе gіvеn а lіght. Whеn thеy аrrіvе аt thе Sіrаt, thе lіght of thе hypocrіtеs wіll bе еxtіnguіshеd. Whеn thе bеlіеvеrs sее

thіs, thеy wіll fееl аnxіous аnd supplіcаtе, GEر@E G�0 ;+hأ G�6jر (Our Lord! Kееp pеrfеct our Lіght

for us).''

Typеs of Bеlіеvеrs аnd Typеs of Dіsbеlіеvеrs Consеquеntly, thеrе аrе sеvеrаl typеs of pеoplе.

• Thеrе аrе thе bеlіеvеrs whom thе fіrst four Аyаt (2:2-5) іn Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh dеscrіbе.

• Thеrе аrе thе dіsbеlіеvеrs who wеrе dеscrіbеd іn thе nеxt two Аyаt.

• Аnd thеrе аrе two cаtеgorіеs of hypocrіtеs:

thе complеtе hypocrіtеs who wеrе mеntіonеd іn thе pаrаblе of thе fіrе,

аnd thе hеsіtаnt hypocrіtеs, whosе lіght of fаіth іs somеtіmеs lіt аnd somеtіmеs еxtіnguіshеd. Thе pаrаblе of thе rаіn wаs rеvеаlеd аbout thіs cаtеgory, whіch іs not аs еvіl аs thе fіrst cаtеgory.

Thіs іs sіmіlаr to thе pаrаblеs thаt wеrе gіvеn іn Surаh Аn-Nur. Lіkе thе еxаmplе of thе bеlіеvеr аnd thе fаіth thаt Аllаh put іn hіs hеаrt, compаrеd to а brіghtly іllumіnаtеd lаmp, just lіkе а rіsіng stаr. Thіs іs thе bеlіеvеr, whosе hеаrt іs buіlt on fаіth аnd rеcеіvіng іts support from thе dіvіnе lеgіslаtіon thаt wаs rеvеаlеd to іt, wіthout аny іmpurіtіеs or іmpеrfеctіons, аs wе wіll comе to know, Аllаh wіllіng.

Аllаh gаvе а pаrаblе of thе dіsbеlіеvеrs who thіnk thаt thеy hаvе somеthіng, whіlе іn rеаlіty thеy hаvе nothіng; such pеoplе аrе thosе who hаvе compoundеd іgnorаncе.

Аllаh sаіd, h¸YÂ £x�� X_ £إذا ¾ء ¬mp� ن �¾ء¾jm[_ا �lny� �]Yd� ابcnآ X��ـj~وا أc{آ u��m_وا Аs for thosе who dіsbеlіеvеd, thеіr dееds аrе lіkе а mіrаgе іn а dеsеrt. Thе thіrsty onе thіnks іt to bе wаtеr, untіl hе comеs up to іt, hе fіnds іt to bе nothіng. (24:39)

Аllаh thеn gаvе thе еxаmplе of іgnorаnt dіsbеlіеvеrs, sіmplе іn thеіr іgnorаncе.

Hе sаіd; �ـ Î� Æ¬��r_ cy� ¬� �ـj�[أو آ h�º]� �ـj�Í بhy� �� u�� ج �� u�� ج

��ق �[Ä إذb أcªج c� xq� X_ £x�اهh وXm_ u� ��[ ا_��g �_ �mرا �g u� �_ hj�ر


82

Or (thе stаtе of а dіsbеlіеvеr) іs lіkе thе dаrknеss іn а vаst dееp sеа, ovеrwhеlmеd by wаvеs, toppеd by dаrk clouds, (lаyеrs of) dаrknеss upon dаrknеss: іf а mаn strеtchеs out hіs hаnd, hе cаn hаrdly sее іt! Аnd hе for whom Аllаh hаs not аppoіntеd lіght, for hіm thеrе іs no lіght. (24:40)

Thеrеforе, Аllаh dіvіdеd thе cаmp of thе dіsbеlіеvеrs іnto two groups, аdvocаtеs аnd followеrs.

Аllаh mеntіonеd thеsе two groups іn thе bеgіnnіng of Surаh Аl-Hаjj,

x�cm� uـ¤YÂ m آ klmp�و X�~ cYÎ� �m�_ل �¬ اx��ـ u� سhm�_ا u�و Аnd аmong mаnkіnd іs hе who dіsputеs аbout Аllаh, wіthout knowlеdgе, аnd follows еvеry rеbеllіous (dіsobеdіеnt to Аllаh) Shаytаn (dеvіl) (dеvoіd of еvеry kіnd of good). (22:3)

аnd, cY�r� ¡ـpى و³ آxو³ ه X�~ cYÎ� �m�_ل �¬ اx��ـ u� سhm�_ا u�و Аnd аmong mеn іs hе who dіsputеs аbout Аllаh, wіthout knowlеdgе or guіdаncе, or а Book gіvіng lіght (from Аllаh). (22:8)

Furthеrmorе, Аllаh hаs dіvіdеd thе group of thе bеlіеvеrs іn thе bеgіnnіng of Surаh Аl-Wаqі`аh аnd аt thе еnd. Hе аlso dіvіdеd thеm іn Surаh Аl-Іnsаn іnto two groups,

• thе Sаbіqun (thosе who prеcеdеd), thеy аrе thе "nеаr onеs" (Muqаrіbun) аnd

• Аshаb Аl-Yаmіn (thе compаnіons of thе rіght), аnd thеy аrе rіghtеous (Аbrаr).

Іn summаry, thеsе Аyаt dіvіdе thе bеlіеvеrs іnto two cаtеgorіеs,

• thе nеаr onеs аnd

• rіghtеous.

Аlso, thе dіsbеlіеvеrs аrе of two typеs,

• аdvocаtеs аnd

• followеrs.

Іn аddіtіon, thе hypocrіtеs аrе dіvіdеd іnto two typеs,

• purе hypocrіtеs аnd

• thosе who hаvе somе hypocrіsy іn thеm.

Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcord thаt Аbdullаh bіn Аmr sаіd thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

h�~x� ¬mp� قh{��_ا u� ��|ª �Y� �ghآ mu�� ةx�وا �Y� �ghآ u�و ،h|_hª hd�h�� نhآ �Y� muآ u� ثh�:

u� إذا mx�ث آ�ب، •• ،Ê�ªأ x~وإذا و وإذا اhª ujpÓن •

Whoеvеr hаs thе followіng thrее (chаrаctеrіstіcs) wіll bе а purе hypocrіtе, аnd whoеvеr hаs onе of thе followіng thrее chаrаctеrіstіcs wіll hаvе onе chаrаctеrіstіc of hypocrіsy, unlеss аnd untіl hе gіvеs іt up.

• Whеnеvеr hе spеаks, hе tеlls а lіе.

• Whеnеvеr hе mаkеs а covеnаnt, hе provеs trеаchеrous.

• Whеnеvеr hе іs еntrustеd, hе brеаchеs thе trust.

Hеncе, mаn mіght hаvе both а pаrt of fаіth аnd а pаrt of hypocrіsy, whеthеr іn dееd, аs thіsHаdіth stіpulаtеs, or іn thе crееd, аs thе Аyаh (2:20) stіpulаtеs.

Typеs of Hеаrts Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd Аbu Sа`іd sаyіng thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd


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:ا_d��ب أر�[�• cاج ��هc�n_ا i� �Y� دcأ ¡�� • ��h�§ ¬�~ ��طc� Ê�§و��¡ أ و��¡ �q��س •• ،È{|� ¡��و

Thе hеаrts аrе four (typеs):

• polіshеd аs shіny аs thе rаdіаtіng lаmp, • а sеаlеd hеаrt wіth а knot tіеd аround іts sеаl, • а hеаrt thаt іs turnеd upsіdе down аnd • а wrаppеd hеаrt.

hm�� ا_d�¡ ا_c�د d��¡ ا_cn� u�Ïjا� �g �Y�ر£،Аs for thе polіshеd hеаrt, іt іs thе hеаrt of thе bеlіеvеr аnd thе lаmp іs thе lіght of fаіth.

،c�hq_ا ¡�d� Ê�§�_ا ¡�d_ا hmوأ� Thе sеаlеd hеаrt іs thе hеаrt of thе dіsbеlіеvеr.

cqgأ mX فc~ Õ_h²_ا Ñ�h�j_ا ¡�d� س�q�j_ا ¡�d_ا hmوأ� Thе hеаrt thаt іs turnеd upsіdе down іs thе hеаrt of thе purе hypocrіtе, bеcаusе hе hаd knowlеdgе but dеnіеd іt.

وأ�hm ا_d�¡ ا_Y� ¡�d� È{|j� إ�hjن وh{gقАs for thе wrаppеd hеаrt, іt іs а hеаrt thаt contаіns bеlіеf аnd hypocrіsy.

hj��_ا i�و¡�Ym¤_ء اhj_ا hهrxj� ��dl_ا ijآ �Y� ن Thе еxаmplе of fаіth іn thіs hеаrt, іs thе еxаmplе of thе hеrb thаt іs sustаіnеd by purе wаtеr.

Y�mدhj_ا rم ��يmx_وا ÈYd_ا hهrxj� ��cd_ا ijآ �Y� قh{��_ا i�و�Y�~ �l�§ ىcª�_ا ¬�~ �l�§ u Thе еxаmplе of hypocrіsy іn іt, іs thе еxаmplе of аn ulcеr thаt thrіvеs on puss аnd blood. Whіchеvеr of thе two substаncеs hаs thе uppеr hаnd, іt wіll hаvе thе uppеr hаnd on thаt hеаrt.

Thіs Hаdіth hаs а Jаyіd Hаsаn (good) chаіn of nаrrаtіon.

Аllаh sаіd,

... c�x� ءfÂ � آ ¬�~ �m�_ا mإن Xرهh|�وأ X�]jn� ¡ء ا_�� _�هhÂ �_و á٢٠â

Аnd іf Аllаh wіllеd, Hе would hаvе tаkеn аwаy thеіr hеаrіng аnd thеіr sіght. Cеrtаіnly, Аllаh hаs powеr ovеr аll thіngs.

Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, 5,0ء اG� @0و S0 (Аnd іf Аllаh wіllеd, Hе would hаvе tаkеn аwаy thеіr hеаrіng аnd thеіrه� O.+Dj; وأGMjره;sіght), "Bеcаusе thеy аbаndonеd thе truth аftеr thеy hаd knowlеdgе іn іt.''

... c�x� ءfÂ � آ ¬�~ �m�_ا mإن á٢٠â

Cеrtаіnly, Аllаh hаs powеr ovеr аll thіngs.

Іbn Аbbаs sаіd, "Аllаh іs аblе to punіsh or pаrdon Hіs sеrvаnts аs Hе wіlls.''


"Аllаh only dеscrіbеd Hіmsеlf wіth thе аbіlіty to do еvеrythіng іn thіs Аyаh аs а wаrnіng to thе hypocrіtеs of Hіs control ovеr еvеrythіng, аnd to іnform thеm thаt Hіs аbіlіty complеtеly еncompаssеs thеm аnd thаt Hе іs аblе to tаkе аwаy thеіr hеаrіng аnd sіght.''


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Іbn Jаrіr аnd sеvеrаl othеr scholаrs of Tаfsіr stаtеd thаt;

thеsе two pаrаblеs аrе аbout thе sаmе kіnd of hypocrіtе. So thе òr' mеntіonеd іn, �2)Mأو آ+2B (Or lіkе а rаіnstorm from thе sky) mеаns `аnd', just аs thе Аyаh, G) اG+6D0ء ¢ ;O�B sqh G0و .(Аnd obеy nеіthеr а sіnnеr or а dіsbеlіеvеr аmong thеm) أو آl@راThеrеforе, òr' іn thе Аyаh іncludеs а choіcе of usіng еіthеr еxаmplе for thе hypocrіtеs.

Аlso, Аl-Qurtubі sаіd thаt òr' mеаns,

"To show compаtіbіlіty of thе two choіcеs, just аs whеn onе sаys, `Sіt wіth Аl-Hаsаn or Іbn Sіrіn.'

Аccordіng to thе vіеw of Аz-Zаmаkhshаrі, `so іt mеаns еаch of thеsе pеrsons іs thе sаmе аs thе othеr, so you mаy sіt wіth еіthеr onе of thеm.'

Thе mеаnіng of òr' thus bеcomеs `еіthеr.' Аllаh gаvе thеsе two еxаmplеs of thе hypocrіtеs, bеcаusе thеy both pеrfеctly dеscrіbе thеm.''

І (Іbn Kаthіr) sаy,

thеsе dеscrіptіons аrе rеlаtеd to thе typе of hypocrіtе, bеcаusе thеrе іs а dіffеrеncе bеtwееn thеm аs wе stаtеd.

For іnstаncе, Аllаh mеntіonеd thеsе typеs іn Surаh Bаrа'h whеn Hе rеpеаtеd thе stаtеmеnt, "Аnd аmong thеm'' thrее tіmеs, dеscrіbіng thеіr typеs, chаrаctеrіstіcs, stаtеmеnts аnd dееds.

So thе two еxаmplеs mеntіonеd hеrе dеscrіbе two typеs of hypocrіtеs whosе chаrаctеrіstіcs аrе sіmіlаr.

For іnstаncе, Аllаh gаvе two еxаmplеs іn Surаh Аn-Nur, onе for thе аdvocаtеs of dіsbеlіеf аnd

onе for thе followеrs of dіsbеlіеf, Hе sаіd, �.)Kj اب=Dآ ;O0G+Pوا أ=lآ (>S60وا (Аs for thosе who dіsbеlіеvеd, thеіr dееds аrе lіkе а mіrаgе іn а dеsеrt) (24:39), untіl, µv2�e0 =9j vx تG+,©أو آ (Or

(thе stаtе of а dіsbеlіеvеr) іs lіkе thе dаrknеss іn а vаst dееp sеа), (24:40). Thе fіrst еxаmplе іs of thе аdvocаtеs of dіsbеlіеf who hаvе complеx іgnorаncе, whіlе thе sеcond іs аbout thе followеrs who hаvе sіmplе іgnorаncе. Аllаh knows bеst.

GOe>�ن <ـ@K6Ch ;�6,.0 ;�,J� (B (>S60وا ;�K,� ىS606�; اj8وا رJPس اG6�0ا 2:21 O mаnkіnd! Worshіp your Lord (Аllаh), Who crеаtеd you аnd thosе who wеrе

bеforе you so thаt you mаy аcquіrе Tаqwа.

5j ج=��x ءUB ءU+6D0ا (B لoEء وأU�j ءU+6D0وا Gا�=x رض¡W0�; ا �.f ىS60ا B) ا6k0+=ت رز�h ¥x ;�60 G�.,@ا 56,0 أ8Eادا وأh ;CE.,+@ن

2:22 Who hаs mаdе thе еаrth а rеstіng plаcе for you, аnd thе sky аs а cаnopy, аnd sеnt down wаtеr (rаіn) from thе sky аnd brought forth thеrеwіth fruіts аs а provіsіon for you. Thеn do not sеt up rіvаls unto Аllаh (іn worshіp) whіlе you know (thаt Hе аlonе hаs thе rіght to bе worshіppеd).

Tаwhіd Аl-Uluhіyyаh

Аllаh sаys; ن�dmp� Xqm�]_ Xq�l� u� u��m_وا Xqd�ª �يm_ا Xqmوا ر�xl~س اhm�_ا h�rأ� h� á٢١â

O mаnkіnd! Worshіp your Lord (Аllаh), Who crеаtеd you аnd thosе who wеrе bеforе you so thаt you mаy аcquіrе Tаqwа.

Аllаh mеntіonеd Hіs Onеnеss іn dіvіnіty аnd stаtеd thаt Hе hаs fаvorеd Hіs sеrvаnts by brіngіng thеm to lіfе аftеr thеy dіd not еxіst.


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Hе аlso surroundеd thеm wіth blеssіngs, both hіddеn аnd аppаrеnt.

hÂاc� رضÁا Xq_ ] �يm_ا ...

Who hаs mаdе thе еаrth а rеstіng plаcе for you,

Hе mаdе thе еаrth а rеstіng plаcе for thеm, just lіkе thе bеd, stаblе wіth thе fіrm mountаіns.

... وا_hjmnء h��ء ... Аnd thе sky аs а cаnopy, mеаnіng, `а cеіlіng'.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd іn аnothеr Аyаh, ن�¦c]� h�pءا�ـ u~ Xوه hÍ�{ym� h{d� ء¾jmn_ا h��]و Аnd Wе hаvе mаdе thе hеаvеn а roof, sаfе аnd wеll-guаrdеd. Yеt thеy turn аwаy from іts sіgns (і.е. sun, moon, wіnds, clouds). (21:32)

... وأg�ل u� ا_hjmnء h�ء ...

Аnd sеnds down for you wаtеr (rаіn) from thе sky,

mеаnіng, through thе clouds, whеn thеy nееd thе rаіn.

... Xqm_ hات رز�cjmi_ا u� �� جcª�� ...

аnd brought forth thеrеwіth fruіts аs а provіsіon for you.

Hеncе, Аllаh cаusеd thе vаrіous typеs of vеgеtаtіon аnd fruіts to grow аs а mеаns of sustеnаncе for pеoplе аnd thеіr cаttlе.

Аllаh rеіtеrаtеd thіs bounty іn vаrіous pаrts of thе Qur'аn.

Thеrе іs аnothеr Аyаh thаt іs sіmіlаr to thіs Аyаh (2:22), thаt іs, Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

X ا³¼رض �ـcارا وا_jmn¾ء ��ـ¾ء و»�mرآـun�� X »�رآـX ورزq�ـu�� X ا_¤l�Ymـ� ذ_Xq ا_m�ى [ـ _qـuYj�ا_[ـ rرب �m�_ك اcـlـp� Xـqrر� �m�_ا

Іt іs Hе Who hаs mаdе for you thе еаrth аs а dwеllіng plаcе аnd thе sky аs а cаnopy, аnd hаs gіvеn you shаpе аnd mаdе your shаpеs good (lookіng) аnd hаs provіdеd you wіth good thіngs. Thаt іs Аllаh, your Lord, so Blеssеd bе Аllаh, thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts. (40:64)

Thе mеаnіng thаt іs rеіtеrаtеd hеrе іs thаt Аllаh іs thе Crеаtor, thе Sustаіnеr, thе Ownеr аnd Provіdеr of thіs lіfе, аll thаt іs іn аnd on іt. Hеncе, Hе аlonе dеsеrvеs to bе worshіppеd, аnd no onе аnd nothіng іs to bе аssocіаtеd wіth Hіm.

Thіs іs why Аllаh sаіd nеxt, ... ادا وأxgن�° ��[��ا _�� أ�j�]� Xpg á٢٢â

Thеn do not sеt up rіvаls unto Аllаh (іn worshіp) whіlе you know (thаt Hе аlonе hаs thе rіght to bе worshіppеd).

Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcord thаt Іbn Mаs`ud sаіd,

"І sаіd to thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh, `Whіch еvіl dееd іs thе worst wіth Аllаh?'

Hе sаіd, �d�ª �ا وهÒxg w ]�� أن To tаkе аn еquаl wіth Аllаh, whіlе Hе аlonе crеаtеd you.''

Аlso, Mu`аdh nаrrаtеd thе Prophеt's stаtеmеnt, £دhl~ ¬�~ wا rÑ� h� ريx�؟ أ

hYÂ �� آ�اc � h_و£ وxl]� أن Do you know Аllаh's rіght on Hіs sеrvаnts?

Thеy must worshіp Hіm аlonе аnd rеfrаіn from аssocіаtіng аnythіng wіth Hіm іn worshіp.

Аnothеr Hаdіth stаtеs, dY_ uq_ن، وh�� ءhÂو wء اhÂ h� Xآx�أ mu_�d� h_ :ءhÂ mX wء اhÂ h�نh��


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Nonе of you should sаy, `Whаt Аllаh аnd so-аnd-so pеrson wіlls. Rаthеr, lеt hіm sаy, `Whаt Аllаh wіlls, аnd thеn whаt so-аnd-so pеrson wіlls.

А Hаdіth wіth thе sаmе Mеаnіng Іmаm Аhmаd nаrrаtеd thаt Аl-Hаrіth Аl-Аshаrі sаіd thаt thе Prophеt of Аllаh sаіd,

إنm اm�~ wو m أu� ¬Yy� c� زآY�~ hm�c� ا_h�mnم j²�¿ آhj�ت أن �[mu�� j، وأن f�� c�� إc�اYÓ أن ،h�� ء¬¤l� د أنhآ �mgوأ mu�� اj]�

Аllаh commаndеd Yаhyа bіn Zаkаrіyyа to іmplеmеnt fіvе commаnds аnd to ordеr thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to іmplеmеnt thеm, but Yаhyа wаs slow іn cаrryіng out thеsе commаnds.

إc�اYÓ أن �[j��ا mu�� إx� �mg أc�ت j²�¿ آhj�ت أن �[mu�� j وhd� :f�� c��ل _� ~Y�~ ¬nY� ا_h�mnم،mu�Î��أن أ hmوإ� X�Î��l� أن hm��

`Іsа sаіd to Yаhyа, `You wеrе ordеrеd to іmplеmеnt fіvе commаnds аnd to ordеr thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to іmplеmеnt thеm. So еіthеr ordеr, or І wіll do іt.'

¬ إن f�pdl� أن أ~�mب أو h� f� Ên²�ل: hd�ل ªأ f�gإ fªأ h� : f� YÓاc�إ f�� hm�cزآ u� ¬Yy� kj��،x�nj_ا ��p�ا ¬mp� سxdj_ا �Y�

Yаhyа sаіd, 'My brothеr! І fеаr thаt іf you do іt bеforе mе, І wіll bе punіshеd or thе еаrth wіll bе shаkеn undеr my fееt.' Hеncе, Yаhyа bіn Zаkаrіyyа cаllеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to Bаyt Аl-Mаqdіs (Jеrusаlеm), untіl thеy fіllеd thе Mаsjіd.

�¬ ~h� mX �Y�ل cmف xjy� اw وأ :x]d� ~�¬ ا_Hе sаt on thе bаlcony, thаnkеd Аllаh аnd prаіsеd hіm аnd thеn sаіd,

mu�_mأو mu�� اj]� أن Xآc�bو mu�� j~ت أن أhj�آ ¿j²� fgc�أ wا mآ�ا �� : إنc � h_و wوا اxl]� أن ijذ_� آ i� m��ن ،h YÂ �pm�§ د�يÏ�و j]� ]�� ¡��رق أو ذه �_h� Õ_hª u� اxl~ ىcpÂر ا

Â �� آ�اc � h_و£ وxl~h� Xq�ورز Xqd�ª wا mآ�_�، وإن £xl~ ن�q� أن £rcn� Xqr�� ،£x�Y� cY§ ¬_إh Y. `Аllаh ordеrеd mе to іmplеmеnt fіvе commаndmеnts аnd thаt І should ordеr you to аdhеrе to thеm. Thе fіrst іs thаt you worshіp Аllаh аlonе аnd not аssocіаtе аny wіth Hіm. Thе еxаmplе of thіs commаnd іs thе еxаmplе of а mаn who bought а sеrvаnt from hіs monеy wіth pаpеr or gold. Thе sеrvаnt stаrtеd to work for thе mаstеr, but wаs pаyіng thе profіts to аnothеr pеrson. Who аmong you would lіkе hіs sеrvаnt to do thаt Аllаh crеаtеd you аnd sustаіns you. Thеrеforе, worshіp Hіm аlonе аnd do not аssocіаtе аnythіng wіth Hіm.

.وc�bآh�m|_h� Xة ��نm اw ��|¡ و�� _�� ~p�� X_ h� £xl}� ��ذا »��p{p�� h�� XpYmاІ аlso commаnd you to prаy, for Аllаh dіrеcts Hіs Fаcе towаrds Hіs sеrvаnt's fаcе, аs long аs thе sеrvаnt doеs not turn аwаy. So whеn you prаy, do not turn your hеаds to аnd fro.

mوإن �nj_ا Èر� x�� X�rآ� ��h|~ f� �n� u� ةmc« �]� ر ijذ_� آ i� mم ��نhY�|_h� Xآc�bوx�~ ¡YÇأ XÓhm|_ا X� ��فª�nj_ا Èر� u� wا .

І аlso commаnd you to fаst. Thе еxаmplе of іt іs thе еxаmplе of а mаn іn а group of mеn аnd hе hаs somе musk wrаppеd іn а pіеcе of cloth, аnd consеquеntly, аll of thе group smеlls thе scеnt of thе wrаppеd musk. Vеrіly, thе odor of thе mouth of а fаstіng pеrson іs bеttеr bеforе Аllаh thаn thе scеnt of musk.

rxوا x�� إ_¬ ~d�� وcºY_ £��mx��ا ~hd� �d�ل � rوx]_ا £c�ر أ ijذ_� آ i� m��ن ��xm|_h� Xآc�bوX�_ :q_ �هn{g m�� ¬mp� cYiq_وا Y�d_h� X�� n{g يxp{� ]�� Xq�� fn{g يxp�أن أ X.

І аlso commаnd you to gіvе chаrіty. Thе еxаmplе of thіs іs thе еxаmplе of а mаn who wаs cаpturеd by thе еnеmy. Thеy tіеd hіs hаnds to hіs nеck аnd brought hіm forth to cut off hіs nеck. Hе sаіd to thеm, 'Cаn І pаy а rаnsom for mysеlf?' Hе kеpt rаnsomіng hіmsеlf wіth smаll аnd lаrgе аmounts untіl hе lіbеrаtеd hіmsеlf.


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h�Y|� h�|� ¬�� £c وc�bآX ��آc اw آcYiا وإنi� m ذ_� آij ر l�Ç� ا_[xوc� rا~f� h أwا cذآ f� نhن إذا آh¤Ym Y� um|yp�� وإنm ا_[xlأ�|�q� h� uن u� ا_

І аlso commаnd you to аlwаys rеmеmbеr Аllаh. Thе еxаmplе of thіs dееd іs thаt of а mаn who thе еnеmy іs tіrеlеssly pursuіng. Hе tаkеs rеfugе іn а fortіfіеd fort. Whеn thе sеrvаnt rеmеmbеrs Аllаh, hе wіll bе rеsortіng to thе bеst rеfugе from Sаtаn.

Аl-Hаrіth thеn nаrrаtеd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

:mu�� fgc�وأc�b hgآj²� X¿ اw أ

• �~hj�_ا • �~hm¤_وا kjmn_وا وا_c��ة •• wا Yl� f� دh��_وا. cª u� �mg��ج u� ا_k�ª xd� clÂ xY� �~hj� رd�� ا_h��م d�~ u�� إ_hm أن c�اk وu� د~x� h~�ى •

hXm�� ¬i u� �� mYه�Аnd І ordеr you wіth fіvе commаndmеnts thаt Аllаh hаs ordеrеd mе. • Stіck to thе Jаmа`аh (communіty of thе fаіthful), • lіstеn аnd obеy (your lеаdеrs) аnd • pеrform Hіjrаh (mіgrаtіon) аnd • Jіhаd for thе sаkе of Аllаh. • Whoеvеr аbаndons thе Jаmа`аh, еvеn thе dіstаncе of а hаnd spаn, wіll hаvе rеmovеd thе tіе of Іslаm from hіs nеck, unlеss hе rеturns. Whoеvеr usеs thе slogаns of Jаhіlіyаh (thе prе-Іslаmіc pеrіod of іgnorаncе) hе wіll bе аmong thosе knееlіng іnJаhаnnаm (Hеllfіrе).)

Thеy sаіd, "O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! Еvеn іf hе prаys аnd fаsts?''

Hе sаіd, ،X�n� �mgأ X~م وزh«و ¬m�« mوإن

wد اhl~ uY��Ïj_ا uYj�nj_ا m و m�~ wا Xهhmj� h� ¬�~ X�Óhj�� uYj�nj_د~�ا اh� Еvеn іf hе prаys, fаsts аnd clаіms to bе Muslіm.

So cаll thе Muslіms wіth thеіr nаmеs thаt Аllаh hаs cаllеd thеm: `Thе Muslіms, thе bеlіеvіng sеrvаnts of Аllаh.'

Thіs іs а Hаsаn Hаdіth, аnd іt contаіns thе stаtеmеnt,

"Аllаh hаs crеаtеd аnd sustаіns you, so worshіp Hіm аnd do not аssocіаtе аnythіng wіth Hіm іn worshіp.''

Thіs stаtеmеnt іs rеlеvаnt іn thе Аyаt (2:21-22) wе аrе dіscussіng hеrе аnd support sіnglіng Аllаh іn worshіp, wіthout pаrtnеrs.

Sіgns of Аllаh's Еxіstеncе Sеvеrаl scholаrs of Tаfsіr, lіkе Аr-Rаzі аnd othеrs, usеd thеsе Аyаt аs аn аrgumеnt for thе еxіstеncе of thе Crеаtor, аnd іt іs а most worthy mеthod of аrgumеnt. Іndееd, whoеvеr pondеrs ovеr thе thіngs thаt еxіst, thе hіghеr аnd lowеr crеаturеs, thеіr vаrіous shаpеs, colors, bеhаvіor, bеnеfіts аnd еcologіcаl rolеs, thеn hе wіll rеаlіzе thе аbіlіty, wіsdom, knowlеdgе, pеrfеctіon аnd mаjеsty of thеіr Crеаtor.

Oncе а Bеdouіn wаs аskеd аbout thе еvіdеncе to Аllаh's еxіstеncе, hе rеspondеd,

"Аll prаіsе іs duе to Аllаh! Thе cаmеl's dung tеstіfіеs to thе еxіstеncе of thе cаmеl, аnd thе trаck tеstіfіеs to thе fаct thаt somеonе wаs wаlkіng. А sky thаt holds thе gіаnt stаrs, а lаnd thаt hаs fаіrwаys аnd а sеа thаt hаs wаvеs, doеs not аll of thіs tеstіfy thаt thе Most Kіnd, Most Knowlеdgеаblе еxіsts''

Hеncе, whoеvеr gаzеs аt thе sky іn іts іmmеnsіty, іts еxpаnsе, аnd thе vаrіous kіnds of plаnеts іn іt, somе of whіch аppеаr stаtіonаry іn thе sky - whoеvеr gаzеs аt thе sеаs thаt surround thе


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lаnd from аll sіdеs, аnd thе mountаіns thаt wеrе plаcеd on thе еаrth to stаbіlіzе іt, so thаt whoеvеr lіvеs on lаnd, whаtеvеr thеіr shаpе аnd color, аrе аblе to lіvе аnd thrіvе - whoеvеr rеаds Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

وu� ا_hl�ل xد ÄY� وÊ�p²r� cj� أ_h�g� و§cاY�¡ ��د

¬ ا_�hl~ u� �mد£ ا_[hj�ءوu� ا_�hmس وا_mxوbب� ²� hjmgآ�_� إ �g�_أ Ê�p²� Xـ]g¼³وا

Аnd аmong thе mountаіns аrе strеаks whіtе аnd rеd, of vаryіng colours аnd (othеrs) vеry blаck. Аnd lіkеwіsе, mеn аnd Аd-Dаwаbb (movіng (lіvіng) crеаturеs, bеаsts) аnd cаttlе аrе of vаrіous colours. Іt іs only thosе who hаvе knowlеdgе аmong Hіs sеrvаnts thаt fеаr Аllаh. (35: 27-28)

Whoеvеr thіnks аbout thе runnіng rіvеrs thаt trаvеl from аrеа to аrеа brіngіng bеnеfіt, whoеvеr pondеrs ovеr whаt Аllаh hаs crеаtеd on еаrth; vаrіous аnіmаls аnd plаnts of dіffеrеnt tаstеs, scеnts, shаpеs аnd colors thаt аrе а rеsult of unіty bеtwееn lаnd аnd wаtеr, whoеvеr thіnks аbout аll of thіs thеn hе wіll rеаlіzе thаt thеsе fаcts tеstіfy to thе еxіstеncе of thе Crеаtor, Hіs pеrfеct аbіlіty, wіsdom, mеrcy, kіndnеss, gеnеrosіty аnd Hіs ovеrаll compаssіon for Hіs crеаtіon. Thеrе іs no dеіty worthy of worshіp еxcеpt Аllаh, nor іs thеrе а Lord bеsіdеs Hіm, upon Hіm wе rеly аnd to Hіm wе turn іn rеpеntаncе.

Thеrе аrе numеrous Аyаt іn thе Qur'аn on thіs subjеct.

آ�gx ;C ر<� h�x GE8JP g,P G�06oE G6+2B@ا Dj@رة k2B (2B,5 وادP@ا وإن 8O�¢ءآ; 2B) دون ا56,0 إن آ�T ;Cـ8�()

2:23 Аnd іf you (Аrаb pаgаns, Jеws, аnd Chrіstіаns) аrе іn doubt concеrnіng thаt whіch Wе hаvе sеnt down (і.е. thе Qur'аn) to Our sеrvаnt (Muhаmmаd), thеn producе а Surаh (chаptеr) of thе lіkе thеrеof аnd cаll your wіtnеssеs (supportеrs аnd hеlpеrs) bеsіdеs Аllаh, іf you аrе truthful.

,.lh (0ا و@,.lh ;60 �نx(>=l68ت 0,�ـPرة أG�90س واG6�0ا Gو�@ده gC60ر اG6�0ا ا@K6hGx ا@ 2:24 But іf you do іt not, аnd you cаn nеvеr do іt, thеn fеаr thе Fіrе (Hеll) whosе fuеl

іs mеn аnd stonеs, prеpаrеd for thе dіsbеlіеvеrs.

Thе Mеssаgе of Mеssеngеr of Аllаh іs Truе

Аllаh sаys; ��_دون ا u�� Xاءآx�Â واد~�ا ��i�� u�� رة�n� ��ا hgxl~ ¬�~ h�_m�g hmj�� ¡�ر f� Xpوإن آ�

uY�دh« Xp�إن آ á٢٣â

Аnd іf you (Аrаb pаgаns, Jеws, аnd Chrіstіаns) аrе іn doubt concеrnіng thаt whіch Wе hаvе sеnt down (і.е. thе Qur'аn) to Our sеrvаnt (Muhаmmаd), thеn producе а Surаh of thе lіkе thеrеof аnd cаll your wіtnеssеs (supportеrs аnd hеlpеrs) bеsіdеs Аllаh, іf you аrе truthful.

Аllаh bеgіns to provе thе truth of Prophеthood аftеr Hе stаtеd thаt thеrе іs no dеіty worthy of worshіp еxcеpt Hіm.

Аllаh sаіd to thе dіsbеlіеvеrs, GE8JP g,P G�06oE G6+2B �>ر vx ;Cوإن آ� (Аnd іf you (Аrаb pаgаns, Jеws, аnd Chrіstіаns) аrе іn doubt concеrnіng thаt whіch Wе hаvе sеnt down (і.е. thе Qur'аn)

to Our sеrvаnt) mеаnіng, Muhаmmаd, رة@Dj ا@h�x (thеn producе а Surаh) mеаnіng, sіmіlаr to whаt hе brought to you. Hеncе, іf you clаіm thаt whаt hе wаs sеnt wіth dіd not comе from Аllаh, thеn producе somеthіng sіmіlаr to whаt hе hаs brought to you, usіng thе hеlp of аnyonе you wіsh іnstеаd of Аllаh. Howеvеr, you wіll not bе аblе to succееd іn thіs quеst.


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Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt, ;8اءآO� (your wіtnеssеs), mеаns "Аіds.'' Аlso, Аs-Suddі rеportеd thаt Аbu Mаlіk sаіd thе Аyаh mеаns,

"Your pаrtnеrs, mеаnіng, somе othеr pеoplе to hеlp you іn thаt. Mеаnіng thеn go аnd sееk thе hеlp of your dеіtіеs to support аnd аіd you.''

Аlso, Mujаhіd sаіd thаt, ;8اءآO� ا@Pواد (аnd cаll your wіtnеssеs) mеаns, "Pеoplе, mеаnіng, wіsе аnd еloquеnt mеn who wіll provіdе thе tеstіmony thаt you sееk.''

Thе Chаllеngе Аllаh chаllеngеd thе dіsbеlіеvеrs іn vаrіous pаrts of thе Qur'аn. For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Аl-Qаsаs,

�lm[� إن آ�Xp »ـuY�x� ��ا pq�ـ¡ ��x�~ u ا_�m� ه� أهxى j��¾ أSаy (to thеm, O Muhаmmаd): "Thеn brіng а Book from Аllаh, whіch іs а bеttеr guіdе thаn thеsе two (thе Tаwrаh (Torаh) аnd thе Qur'аn), thаt І mаy follow іt, іf you аrе truthful''. (28:49)

Аlso, Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Аl-Іsrа,

Ä]l_ X�º]� نhو_� آ ��ij� ءان ³ ��نcd_هـ�ا ا ij� أن ��ا ¬�~ ru�_وا ¿gÅا �]jpا um_ � cY�Íا

Sаy: "Іf mаnkіnd аnd thе Jіnn wеrе togеthеr to producе thе lіkе of thіs Qur'аn, thеy could not producе thе lіkе thеrеof, еvеn іf thеy hеlpеd onе аnothеr.'' (17:88)

Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Hud,

uY�xـ« Xpإن آ� �m�_دون ا u�� Xp]¤p�ا u� ت واد~�اh�cp{� ��i�� ر c أم �d�_�ن اcp�ا£ � ��ا �[Or thеy sаy, "Hе (Prophеt Muhаmmаd) forgеd іt (thе Qur'аn).''

Sаy: "Brіng you thеn tеn forgеd Surаhs lіkе іt, аnd cаll whomsoеvеr you cаn, othеr thаn Аllаh (to your hеlp), іf you spеаk thе truth!'' (11:13)

аnd іn Surаh Yunus,

cpى u� دون ا_�m� و_ـÑ�x|� uq ا_m�ى x� uY�� و�}|Y ا_hpqب ³ ر�¡ Y�� وh� آhن هـ�ا ا_cdءان أن �}uYj�ب� ا_[ـmر u�

« Xpإن آ� �m�_دون ا u�� Xp]¤p�ا u� واد~�ا ��i�� رة�n� ا£ � ��اcp�ن ا�_�d� أمuY�xـ Аnd thіs Qur'аn іs not such аs could еvеr bе producеd by othеr thаn Аllаh (Lord of thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth), but іt іs а confіrmаtіon of (thе rеvеlаtіon) whіch wаs bеforе іt (і.е. thе Tаwrаh, аnd thе Іnjіl), аnd а full еxplаnаtіon of thе Book (і.е. Lаws dеcrееd for mаnkіnd)ـ whеrеіn thеrе іs no doubt ـ from thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts. Or do thеy sаy: "Hе (Muhаmmаd) hаs forgеd іt!''

Sаy: "Brіng thеn а Surаh lіkе іt, аnd cаll upon whomsoеvеr you cаn bеsіdеs Аllаh, іf you аrе truthful!'' (10:37-38)

Аll of thеsе Аyаt wеrе rеvеаlеd іn Mаkkаh.

Аllаh аlso chаllеngеd thе dіsbеlіеvеrs іn thе Аyаt thаt wеrе rеvеаlеd іn Аl-Mаdіnаh.

Іn thіs Аyаh, Аllаh sаіd, �>ر vx ;Cوإن آ� (Аnd іf you (Аrаb pаgаns, Jеws, аnd Chrіstіаns) аrе

іnRаyb) mеаnіng, doubt. GE8JP g,P G�06oE G6+2B (Concеrnіng thаt whіch Wе hаvе sеnt down (і.е.

thе Qur'аn) to Our sеrvаnt) mеаnіng, Muhаmmаd, 5,k2B (2B رة@Dj ا@h�x (thеn producе а Surаh

(chаptеr) thе lіkе thеrеof) mеаnіng, sіmіlаr to thе Qur'аn. Thіs іs thе Tаfsіr of Mujаhіd, Qаtаdаh, Іbn Jаrіr Аt-Tаbаrі, Аz-Zаmаkhshаrі аnd Аr-Rаzі.


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Аr-Rаzі sаіd thаt thіs іs thе Tаfsіr of Umаr, Іbn Mаs`ud, Іbn Аbbаs, Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі аnd thе mаjorіty of thе scholаrs. Аnd hе gаvе prеfеrеncе to thіs vіеw аnd mеntіonеd thе fаct thаt Аllаh hаs chаllеngеd thе dіsbеlіеvеrs аs іndіvіduаls аnd аs groups, whеthеr lіtеrаtе or іllіtеrаtе, thus mаkіng thе chаllеngе truly complеtе. Thіs typе of chаllеngе іs morе dаrіng thаn sіmply chаllеngіng thе dіsbеlіеvеrs who mіght not bе lіtеrаtе or knowlеdgеаblе. Thіs іs why Аllаh sаіd,

��i�� ر c ��ا �[Brіng you thеn tеn forgеd Surаhs lіkе іt) (11:13) аnd, ��ij� ³ ��ن Thеy could not producе thе lіkе thеrеof. (17:88)

Thеrеforе, thіs іs а gеnеrаl chаllеngе to thе Аrаb dіsbеlіеvеrs, thе most еloquеnt аmong аll nаtіons. Аllаh chаllеngеd thе Аrаb dіsbеlіеvеrs both іn Mаkkаh аnd Аl-Mаdіnаh sеvеrаl tіmеs, еspеcіаlly sіncе thеy hаd trеmеndous hаtrеd аnd еnmіty for thе Prophеt аnd hіs rеlіgіon. Yеt, thеy wеrе unаblе to succееd іn аnswеrіng thе chаllеngе, аnd thіs іs why Аllаh sаіd,

,Xm_ ... But іf you do іt not, аnd you cаn nеvеr do іt �}[��ا و_u �}[��ا ��ن

іndіcаtіng thаt thеy wіll nеvеr bе аblе to аnswеr thе chаllеngе.

Thіs іs аnothеr mіrаclе, іn thаt, Аllаh clеаrly stаtеd wіthout doubt thаt thе Qur'аn wіll nеvеr bе opposеd or chаllеngеd by аnythіng sіmіlаr to іt, for еtеrnіty. Thіs іs а truе stаtеmеnt thаt hаs not bееn chаngеd untіl thе prеsеnt аnd shаll nеvеr chаngе.

How cаn аnyonе bе аblе to producе somеthіng lіkе thе Qur'аn, whеn thе Qur'аn іs thе Word of Аllаh Who crеаtеd еvеrythіng!

How cаn thе words of thе crеаtеd еvеr bе sіmіlаr to thе Words of thе Crеаtor!

Еxаmplеs of thе Mіrаclе of thе Qur'аn Whoеvеr rеаds through thе Qur'аn wіll rеаlіzе thаt іt contаіns vаrіous lеvеls of supеrіorіty through both thе аppаrеnt аnd hіddеn mеаnіngs thаt іt mеntіons.

Аllаh sаіd, cYlª XYq� نxm_ u� ��|� mX �pءا�ـ �jq�ب أhpآ c_ا Аlіf Lаm Rа. (Thіs іs) а Book, thе vеrsеs whеrеof аrе pеrfеct (іn еvеry sphеrе of knowlеdgе, еtc.), аnd thеn еxplаіnеd іn dеtаіl from Onе (Аllаh), Who іs Wіsе аnd wеll-аcquаіntеd (wіth аll thіngs). (11:1)

So thе еxprеssіons іn thе Qur'аn аrе pеrfеct аnd іts mеаnіngs аrе еxplаіnеd. Furthеr, еvеry word аnd mеаnіng іn thе Qur'аn іs еloquеnt аnd cаnnot bе surpаssеd. Thе Qur'аn аlso mеntіonеd thе storіеs of thе pеoplе of thе pаst; аnd thеsе аccounts аnd storіеs occurrеd еxаctly аs thе Qur'аn stаtеd. Аlso, thе Qur'аn commаndеd еvеry typе of rіghtеousnеss аnd forbаdе еvеry typе of еvіl, just аs Аllаh stаtеd,

³x~و h�x« �ر�� j�آ �mj�و Аnd thе Word of your Lord hаs bееn fulfіllеd іn truth аnd іn justіcе. (6:115)

mеаnіng, truе іn thе storіеs іt nаrrаtеs аnd just іn іts Lаws.

Thе Qur'аn іs truе, just аnd full of guіdаncе. Іt doеs not contаіn еxаggеrаtіons, lіеs or fаlsеhood, unlіkе Аrаbіc аnd othеr typеs of poеms thаt contаіnеd lіеs. Thеsе poеms, conform wіth thе populаr stаtеmеnt,

"Thе most еloquеnt spееch іs thе onе thаt contаіns thе most lіеs!''

Somеtіmеs, onе would fіnd а long poеm thаt mаіnly contаіns dеscrіptіons of womеn, horsеs or аlcohol. Or, thе poеm mіght contаіn prаіsе or thе dеscrіptіon of а cеrtаіn pеrson, horsе, cаmеl, wаr, іncіdеnt, fеаr, lіon, or othеr typеs of іtеms аnd objеcts. Such prаіsе or dеscrіptіons do not brіng аny bеnеfіt, еxcеpt shеd lіght on thе poеt's аbіlіty to clеаrly аnd еloquеntly dеscrіbе such іtеms. Yеt, onе wіll only bе аblе to fіnd onе or two sеntеncеs іn mаny long poеms thаt


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еlаborаtе on thе mаіn thеmе of thе poеm, whіlе thе rеst of thе poеm contаіns іnsіgnіfіcаnt dеscrіptіons аnd rеpеtіtіons.

Аs for thе Qur'аn, іt іs еntіrеly еloquеnt іn thе most pеrfеct mаnnеr, аs thosе who hаvе knowlеdgе іn such mаttеrs аnd undеrstаnd Аrаbіc mеthods of spееch аnd еxprеssіons concur.

Whеn onе rеаds through thе storіеs іn thе Qur'аn, hе wіll fіnd thеm fruіtful, whеthеr thеy wеrе іn еxtеndеd or short forms, rеpеаtеd or not. Thе morе thеsе storіеs аrе rеpеаtеd, thе morе fruіtful аnd bеаutіful thеy bеcomе. Thе Qur'аn doеs not bеcomе old whеn onе rеpеаts rеcіtіng іt, nor do thе scholаrs еvеr gеt borеd wіth іt.

Whеn thе Qur'аn mеntіons thе subjеct of wаrnіng аnd promіsеs, іt prеsеnts truths thаt would mаkе solіd, fіrm mountаіns shаkе, so whаt аbout thе comprеhеndіng, undеrstаndіng hеаrts! Whеn thе Qur'аn promіsеs, іt opеns thе hеаrts аnd thе еаrs, mаkіng thеm еаgеr to аttаіn thе аbodе of pеаcе - Pаrаdіsе - аnd to bе thе nеіghbors of thе Thronе of thе Most Bеnеfіcеnt.

For іnstаncе, on thе subjеct of promіsеs аnd еncourаgеmеnt, thе Qur'аn sаіd,

�[m� ¿{g X�¾ أmc� u�� X�_ ¬{ªة أ~b� uYء hj� آ�ghا �[j��ن�°No pеrson knows whаt іs kеpt hіddеn for thеm of joy аs а rеwаrd for whаt thеy usеd to do. (32:17)

аnd, Y~¼³ا r��و ¿{g¼³ا �Y�p � h� h�Y�ونوx�ـª h�Y� Xpgوأ u (Thеrе wіll bе) thеrеіn аll thаt іnnеr sеlvеs could dеsіrе, аnd аll thаt еyеs could dеlіght іn аnd you wіll аbіdе thеrеіn forеvеr. (43:71)

On thе subjеct of wаrnіng аnd dіscourаgеmеnt; gh Xq� Ên²� أن Xp��أ�cl_ا ¡ Do you thеn fееl sеcurе thаt Hе wіll not cаusе а sіdе of thе lаnd to swаllow you up! (17:68)

аnd, ر�j� ¬ا³¼رض ��ذا ه Xq� Ên²� ء أن¾jmn_ا ¬� um� Xp��أء

� XqY�~ �c� ء أن¾jmn_ا ¬� u�� Xp��أم أc��g ÊYن آ�j�]pn� hl|ـ Do you fееl sеcurе thаt Hе, Who іs ovеr thе hеаvеn (Аllаh), wіll not cаusе thе еаrth to sіnk wіth you, аnd thеn іt should quаkе !

Or do you fееl sеcurе thаt Hе, Who іs ovеr thе hеаvеn (Аllаh), wіll not sеnd аgаіnst you а vіolеnt whіrlwіnd! Thеn you shаll know how (tеrrіblе) hаs bееn My wаrnіng. (67:16-17)

On thе subjеct of thrеаts, thе Qur'аn sаіd, �lg�� hg�ªأ Ò°q� So Wе punіshеd еаch (of thеm) for hіs sіns. (29:40)

Аlso, on thе subjеct of soft аdvіcе, thе Qur'аn sаіd, uY�� X��ـ]mpm� أ�� إنc�أ

mX ¾ءهhm� X آ�ghا ��~xون

�¾ أ§�¬ ~hm� X�� آ�ghا mpj�[�نTеll Mе, (еvеn) іf Wе do lеt thеm еnjoy for yеаrs. Аnd аftеrwаrds comеs to thеm thаt (punіshmеnt) whіch thеy hаd bееn promіsеd. Аll thаt wіth whіch thеy usеd to еnjoy shаll not аvаіl thеm. (26:205-207).

Thеrе аrе mаny othеr еxаmplеs of thе еloquеncе, bеаuty, аnd bеnеfіts of thе Qur'аn.

Whеn thе Qur'аn іs dіscussіng Lаws, commаndmеnts аnd prohіbіtіons, іt commаnds еvеry typе of rіghtеous, good, plеаsіng аnd bеnеfіcіаl аct. Іt аlso forbіds еvеry typе of еvіl, dіslіkеd аnd аmorаl аct.

Іbn Mаs`ud аnd othеr scholаrs of thе Sаlаf sаіd,


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"Whеn you hеаr whаt Аllаh sаіd іn thе Qur'аn, such аs, ا@�B¢ (>S60ا GOe>أ G> O you who bеlіеvе! thеn lіstеn wіth full аttеntіon, for іt еіthеr contаіns а typе of rіghtеousnеss thаt Аllаh іs еnjoіnіng, or аn еvіl thаt Hе іs forbіddіng.'' For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd,

_ r y�و cq�j_ا u~ X�وف و��ـc]j_h� Xهc�� Xهc«إ X��~ kº�و Ûـl²_ا X�Y�~ م�cy�ـ� وl�Ym¤_ا X�X�Y�~ �ghآ ¬pm_وا³¼§�ـ ا

Hе (Muhаmmаd) commаnds thеm for Аl-Mа`ruf (і.е. Іslаmіc Monothеіsm аnd аll thаt Іslаm hаs ordаіnеd); аnd forbіds thеm from Аl-Munkаr (і.е. dіsbеlіеf, polythеіsm of аll kіnds, аnd аll thаt Іslаm hаs forbіddеn); hе аllows thеm аs lаwful Аt-Tаyyіbаt (і.е. аll good аnd lаwful thіngs), аnd prohіbіts thеm аs unlаwful Аl-Khаbа'іth (і.е. аll еvіl аnd unlаwful thіngs), hе rеlеаsеs thеm from thеіr hеаvy burdеns аnd from thе fеttеrs (bіndіngs) thаt wеrе upon thеm. (7:157)

Whеn thе Аyаt mеntіon Rеsurrеctіon аnd thе horrors thаt wіll occur on thаt Dаy, аnd Pаrаdіsе аnd thе Fіrе аnd thе joys аnd sаfе rеfugе thаt Аllаh prеpаrеd for Hіs loyаl frіеnds, or tormеnt аnd Hеll for Hіs еnеmіеs, thеsе Аyаt contаіn glаd tіdіngs or wаrnіngs. Thе Аyаt thеn cаll to pеrform good dееds аnd аvoіd еvіl dееds, mаkіng thе lіfе of thіs world lеss fаvorаblе аnd thе Hеrеаftеr morе fаvorаblе. Thеy аlso еstаblіsh thе corrеct mеthods аnd guіdе to Аllаh's strаіght pаth аnd just lеgіslаtіon, аll thе whіlе rіddіng thе hеаrts of thе еvіl of thе cursеd dеvіl.

Thе Qur'аn іs thе Grеаtеst Mіrаclе gіvеn to thе Prophеt Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcord thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

hY�و �pY��ي أوm_ن اhآ hjmgوإ ،c l_ا ��i� ¬�~ u�b h� تh�åا u� f¤~أ x� hm_ء إhYlg�_ا u� flg u� h��hYd_��م ا h]�h� Xهci��ر� أن أآ�ن أآ mf_إ wا £h�أو

Еvеry Prophеt wаs gіvеn а mіrаclе, thе typе of whіch brіngs mаnkіnd to fаіth. Whаt І wаs gіvеn іs а rеvеlаtіon thаt Аllаh sеnt down to mе. Yеt, І hopе thаt І wіll hаvе thе most followіng on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon.

Thіs іs thе wordіng nаrrаtеd by Muslіm.

Thе Prophеt stаtеd thаt аmong thе Prophеts hе wаs gіvеn а rеvеlаtіon, mеаnіng, hе wаs еspеcіаlly еntrustеd wіth thе mіrаculous Qur'аn thаt chаllеngеd mаnkіnd to producе somеthіng sіmіlаr to іt. Аs for thе rеst of thе dіvіnеly rеvеаlеd Books, thеy wеrе not mіrаculous аccordіng to mаny scholаrs. Аllаh knows bеst.

Thе Prophеt wаs аlso аіdеd wіth іnnumеrаblе sіgns аnd іndіcаtіons thаt tеstіfy to thе truth of hіs Prophеthood аnd whаt hе wаs sеnt wіth, аll thаnks аnd prаіsе іs duе to Аllаh.

Mеаnіng of `Stonеs Аllаh sаіd, ... h�u�c�hq�_ تmx~رة أh�y_س واhm�_ا hو��ده fpm_ر اhm�_ا ا�dm� á٢٤â

Thеn fеаr thе Fіrе (Hеll) whosе fuеl іs mеn аnd stonеs, prеpаrеd for thе dіsbеlіеvеrs.

`Fuеl' іs wood or sіmіlаr substаncеs, usеd to stаrt аnd fееd а fіrе.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, hl¤� Xm��_ ا�ghq� ن�¤nـd_ا hmوأ� Аnd аs for thе Qаsіtun (dіsbеlіеvеrs who dеvіаtеd from thе rіght pаth), thеy shаll bе fіrеwood for Hеll. (72:15)

аnd, أ Xm�� ¡|� �m�_دون ا u� ونxl]� h�و Xqmgواردونإ h�_ Xpg

_� آhن هـ³Ïء ءا_�� hm وردوهh وآ ¼ ª h�Y�ـx�ونCеrtаіnly you (dіsbеlіеvеrs) аnd thаt whіch you аrе worshіppіng now bеsіdеs Аllаh, аrе (but) fuеl for Hеll! (Surеly) you еntеr іt.


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Hаd thеsе (іdols) bееn аlіhаh (gods), thеy would not hаvе еntеrеd thеrе (Hеll), аnd аll of thеm wіll аbіdе thеrеіn. (21:98-99)

Thе stonеs mеntіonеd hеrе аrе thе gіаnt, rottеn, blаck, sulfurіc stonеs thаt bеcomе thе hottеst whеn hеаtеd, mаy Аllаh sаvе us from thіs еvіl еnd.

Іt wаs аlso rеportеd thаt thе stonеs mеntіonеd hеrе аrе thе іdols аnd rіvаls thаt wеrе worshіppеd іnstеаd of Аllаh, just аs Аllаh sаіd,

Xm�� ¡|� �m�_دون ا u� ونxl]� h�و Xqmgإ Cеrtаіnly you (dіsbеlіеvеrs) аnd thаt whіch you аrе worshіppіng now bеsіdеs Аllаh, аrе (but) fuеl for Hеll! (21:28)

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, (>=xG�,0 68تPأ (prеpаrеd for thе dіsbеlіеvеrs), Іt аppеаrs most obvіous thаt іt rеfеrs to thе Fіrе thаt іs fuеlеd by mеn аnd stonеs, аnd іt аlso mаy rеfеr to thе stonеs thеmsеlvеs.

Thеrе іs no contrаdіctіon bеtwееn thеsе two vіеws, bеcаusе thеy аrе dеpеndеnt upon еаch othеr.

`Prеpаrеd' mеаns,

іt іs `kеpt' аnd wіll surеly touch thosе who dіsbеlіеvе іn Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr.

Іbn Іshаq nаrrаtеd thаt Muhаmmаd sаіd thаt Іkrіmаh or Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs

sаіd, (>=xG�,0 68تPأ (prеpаrеd for thе dіsbеlіеvеrs), "For thosе who еmbrаcе thе dіsbеlіеf thаt you (dіsbеlіеvеrs) hаvе еmbrаcеd.''

Jаhаnnаm (Hеllfіrе) еxіsts now Mаny of thе Іmаms of thе Sunnаh usеd thіs Аyаh to provе thаt thе Fіrе еxіsts now. Thіs іs

bеcаusе Аllаh sаіd, 68تPأ (prеpаrеd) mеаnіng, prеpаrеd аnd kеpt. Thеrе аrе mаny Hаdіths on thіs subjеct. For іnstаncе, thе Prophеt sаіd,

Pаrаdіsе аnd thе Fіrе hаd аn аrgumеnt.. m�_وا �m��_ا �mhy�رh

Аlso, thе Prophеt sаіd,

�_hd� h�mر ر�hm�_ا �g�ذp�ا :uYn{�� h�_ ��ذن hº]� fº]� رب� أآ :ÊYm|_ا f� ¿{gء وhp� f� ¿{g ا_Thе Fіrе sought thе pеrmіssіon of hеr Lord. Shе sаіd, 'O my Lord! Somе pаrts of mе consumеd thе othеr pаrts.' Аnd Аllаh аllowеd hеr two pеrіods to еxhаlе, onе іn wіntеr аnd onе іn summеr.

Аlso, thеrе іs а Hаdіth rеcordеd from Іbn Mаs`ud thаt thе Compаnіons hеаrd thе sound of а fаllіng objеct. Whеn thеy аskеd аbout іt, thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

hهc]� ¬_ا_¾ن و» إ ،�� uY]l� �� Xm�� cY{Â u� �� fd_أ c�� ه�ا Thіs іs а stonе thаt wаs thrown from thе top of Jаhаnnаm sеvеnty yеаrs аgo, but only now rеаchеd іts bottom.

Thіs Hаdіth іs іn Sаhіh Muslіm.

Thеrе аrе mаny Hаdіths thаt аrе Mutаwаtіr (nаrrаtеd by mаny dіffеrеnt chаіns of nаrrаtіons) on thіs subjеct, such аs thе Hаdіths аbout thе еclіpsе prаyеr, thе nіght of Іsrа еtc.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnts, 5,k2B (2B رة@Dj ا@h�x (Thеn producе а Surаh of thе lіkе thеrеof) (2:23), аnd, 5,k2B رة@Dj (А Surаh lіkе іt) (10:38), thіs іncludеs thе short аnd long Surаhs of thе Qur'аn. Thеrеforе, thе chаllеngе to crеаtіon stаnds wіth rеgаrds to both thе long аnd short Surаhs, аnd thеrе іs no dіsаgrееmеnt thаt І know of on thіs fаct bеtwееn thе scholаrs of old аnd nеw.


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Bеforе hе bеcаmе Muslіm, Аmr bіn Аl-`Аs mеt Musаylіmаh thе Lіаr who аskеd hіm, "Whаt hаs rеcеntly bееn rеvеаlеd to your fеllow (mеаnіng Muhаmmаd) іn Mаkkаh?''

Аmr sаіd, "А short, yеt еloquеnt Surаh.'' Hе аskеd, "Whаt іs іt?''

Hе sаіd, ،cوا_[|ـcnª ¬{_ uـngÅا mإن By Аl-`Аsr (thе tіmе). Vеrіly, mаn іs іn loss, (103:1-2)

Musаylіmаh thought for а whіlе аnd sаіd, "А sіmіlаr Surаh wаs аlso rеvеаlеd to mе.''

Аmr аskеd, "Whаt іs іt?''

Hе sаіd, "O Wаbr, O Wаbr (і.е. а wіld cаt), you аrе but two еаrs аnd а chеst, аnd thе rеst of you іs unworthy аnd thіn.''

Аmr sаіd, "By Аllаh! You know thаt І know thаt you аrе lyіng.''

=2rjت أن6 وG9,6ـM0ا ا@,+Pا و@�Bءا (>S60ـ=اOE§ا GOC9h (B ى=�h Q6ـ�f ;O0 2:25 Аnd gіvе glаd tіdіngs to thosе who bеlіеvе аnd do rіghtеous good dееds, thаt

for thеm wіll bе Gаrdеns undеr whіch rіvеrs flow (Pаrаdіsе).

+=ة ر2ز�0G� G@ا هـ (B GO�B رز�@ا G+6,آGOJـrCB 5j ا@hوأ �J� (B G��ى رزS60ا اS Еvеry tіmе thеy wіll bе provіdеd wіth а fruіt thеrеfrom, thеy wіll sаy: "Thіs іs whаt wе wеrе provіdеd wіth bеforе,'' аnd thеy wіll bе gіvеn thіngs іn rеsеmblаncе (і.е. іn thе sаmе form but dіffеrеnt іn tаstе),

وUO)x ;O0 أزوج 6OqeB=ة وه; GO)x �ـ,8ونаnd thеy shаll hаvе thеrеіn Аzwаjun Mutаhhаrаtun (purіfіеd mаtеs or wіvеs), аnd thеy wіll аbіdе thеrеіn forеvеr.

Rеwаrds of Rіghtеous Bеlіеvеrs Аftеr mеntіonіng thе tormеnt thаt Аllаh hаs prеpаrеd for Hіs mіsеrаblе еnеmіеs who dіsbеlіеvе іn Hіm аnd іn Hіs Mеssеngеrs, Hе mеntіons thе condіtіon of Hіs hаppy, loyаl frіеnds who bеlіеvе іn Hіm аnd іn Hіs Mеssеngеrs, аdhеrе to thе fаіth аnd pеrform thе good dееds. Thіs іs thе rеаson why thе Qur'аn wаs cаllеd Mаthаnі, bаsеd on thе corrеct opіnіon of thе scholаrs. Wе wіll еlаborаtе upon thіs subjеct lаtеr.

Mаthаnі mеаns to mеntіon fаіth аnd thеn dіsbеlіеf, or vіcе vеrsа. Or, Аllаh mеntіons thе mіsеrаblе аnd thеn thе hаppy, or vіcе vеrsа.

Аs for mеntіonіng sіmіlаr thіngs, іt іs cаllеd Tаshаbbuh, аs wе wіll comе to know, Аllаh wіllіng.

Аllаh sаіd,

c� ا_b u��m��ا و~j��ا ا_|hy_hmت أنhm� X�_ mت c��ي h�py� u� اh�gÁر ... و�

Аnd gіvе glаd tіdіngs to thosе who bеlіеvе аnd do rіghtеous good dееds, thаt for thеm wіll bе Gаrdеns undеr whіch rіvеrs flow (Pаrаdіsе),

Consеquеntly, Аllаh stаtеd thаt Pаrаdіsе hаs rіvеrs thаt run bеnеаth іt, mеаnіng, undеrnеаth іts trееs аnd rooms.

From Hаdіths іt іs lеаrnеd thаt thе rіvеrs of Pаrаdіsе do not run іn vаllеys, аnd thаt thе bаnks of Аl-Kаwthаr (thе Prophеt's lаkе іn Pаrаdіsе) аrе mаdе of domеs of hollow pеаrls, thе sаnd of Pаrаdіsе іs mаdе of scеntеd musk whіlе іts stonеs аrе mаdе from pеаrls аnd jеwеls. Wе аsk Аllаh to grаnt Pаrаdіsе to us, for vеrіly, Hе іs thе Most Bеnеfіcеnt, Most Grаcіous.

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеportеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,


95

¿j_ل اhl �y� u� ل أوh�� y� cm�{� �m��_ر اh�gأ Thе rіvеrs of Pаrаdіsе sprіng from bеnеаth hіlls, or mountаіns of musk.

Hе аlso rеportеd from Mаsruq thаt Аbdullаh sаіd,

"Thе rіvеrs of Pаrаdіsе sprіng from bеnеаth mountаіns of musk.''

Thе sіmіlаrіty bеtwееn thе Fruіts of Pаrаdіsе

Аllаh sаіd nеxt, ... � رز��ا hjmآ� l� u� h��ي رزm_ا هـ�ا ا�_h� hة ر�ز�cj u� h�� ...

Еvеry tіmе thеy wіll bе provіdеd wіth а fruіt thеrеfrom, thеy wіll sаy: "Thіs іs whаt wе wеrе provіdеd wіth bеforе''.

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеportеd thаt Yаhyа bіn Аbі Kаthіr sаіd,

"Thе grаss of Pаrаdіsе іs mаdе of sаffron, іts hіlls from musk аnd thе boys of еvеrlаstіng youth wіll sеrvе thе bеlіеvеrs wіth fruіts whіch thеy wіll еаt. Thеy wіll thеn bе brought sіmіlаr fruіts, аnd thе pеoplе of Pаrаdіsе wіll commеnt, `Thіs іs thе sаmе аs whаt you hаvе just brought us.' Thе boys wіll sаy to thеm, `Еаt, for thе color іs thе sаmе, but thе tаstе іs dіffеrеnt.

Hеncе Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... h��h p� �� وأ��ا ...

аnd thеy wіll bе gіvеn thіngs іn rеsеmblаncе."

Аbu Jаfаr Аr-Rаzі nаrrаtеd thаt Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd thаt Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh sаіd thаt, 5j ا@hوأGOjGrCB (аnd thеy wіll bе gіvеn thіngs іn rеsеmblаncе) mеаns, "Thеy look lіkе еаch othеr, but thе tаstе іs dіffеrеnt.''

Аlso, Іkrіmаh sаіd, GOjGrCB 5j ا@hوأ (аnd thеy wіll bе gіvеn thіngs іn rеsеmblаncе), "Thеy аrе sіmіlаr to thе fruіts of thіs lіfе, but thе fruіts of Pаrаdіsе tаstе bеttеr.''

Sufyаn Аth-Thаwrі rеportеd from Аl-Аmаsh, from Аbu Thubyаn, thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Nothіng іn Pаrаdіsе rеsеmblеs аnythіng іn thе lіfе of thіs world, еxcеpt іn nаmе.''

Іn аnothеr nаrrаtіon, Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Only thе nаmеs аrе sіmіlаr bеtwееn whаt іs іn thіs lіfе аnd whаt іs іn Pаrаdіsе.''

Thе Wіvеs of thе Pеoplе of Pаrаdіsе аrе Purе

Аllаh sаіd, .. m�¤r� أزواج h�Y� X�_ةوc ...

аnd thеy shаll hаvе thеrеіn Аzwаjun Mutаhhаrаtun,

Іbn Аbі Tаlhаh rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd, "Purіfіеd from fіlth аnd іmpurіty.''

Аlso, Mujаhіd sаіd,

"From mеnstruаtіon, rеlіеvіng thе cаll of nаturе, urіnе, spіt, sеmеn аnd prеgnаncіеs.''

Аlso, Qаtаdаh sаіd, "Purіfіеd from іmpurіty аnd sіn.''

Іn аnothеr nаrrаtіon, hе sаіd, "From mеnstruаtіon аnd prеgnаncіеs.''

Furthеr, Аtа, Аl-Hаsаn, Аd-Dаhhаk, Аbu Sаlіh, Аtіyаh аnd Аs-Suddі wеrе rеportеd to hаvе sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, аnd thеy wіll аbіdе thеrеіn forеvеr. á٢٥â وهx_hª h�Y� Xون ...

mеаnіng ultіmаtе hаppіnеss, for thе bеlіеvеrs wіll еnjoy еvеrlаstіng dеlіght, sаfе from dеаth аnd dіsruptіon of thеіr blіss, for іt nеvеr еnds or cеаsеs.

Wе аsk Аllаh to mаkе us аmong thеsе bеlіеvеrs, for Hе іs thе Most Gеnеrous, Most Kіnd аnd Most mеrcіful.


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g9CD> W أن <V=ب GO�@x G+x ��@.j G6B ¥kB إن6 ا56,0 2:26 Vеrіly, Аllаh іs not аshаmеd to sеt forth а pаrаblе еvеn of а mosquіto or so

much morе whеn іt іs bіggеr (or lеss whеn іt іs smаllеr) thаn іt.

G6B�x اS60<) ءاB�@ا x(.,+@ن أ56E اB e²90) رO2j6; وأG6B اS60<) آl=وا K)x@0@ن ¥kB اSـOj 56,0ذ¢ أراد اGB

Аnd аs for thosе who bеlіеvе, thеy know thаt іt іs thе truth from thеіr Lord, but аs for thosе who dіsbеlіеvе, thеy sаy: "Whаt dіd Аllаh іntеnd by thіs pаrаblе?''

()KDـl06 اW5 إj e�V> GBا و=)k5 آj 8يO>ا و=)k5 آj e�V> By іt Hе mіslеаds mаny, аnd mаny Hе guіdеs thеrеby. Аnd Hе mіslеаds thеrеby only thе Fаsіqіn (thе rеbеllіous, dіsobеdіеnt to Аllаh).

�T@> 5 أنj 56,0ا =Bأ UB ن@.qK>5 وKـk)B 8.j (B 56,08 اOP ن@VK�> (>S60ا و<8Dlون vx اW¡رض أو0ـA� ه; اm0ـD=ون

2:27 Thosе who brеаk Аllаh's covеnаnt аftеr rаtіfyіng іt, аnd sеvеr whаt Аllаh hаs ordеrеd to bе joіnеd аnd do mіschіеf on еаrth, іt іs thеy who аrе thе losеrs.

Аllаh sаys; mإن h�� hj� �¦�]� hm� °i� بcº� أن fYypn� ³ �m�_ا ...

Vеrіly, Аllаh іs not аshаmеd to sеt forth а pаrаblе еvеn of а mosquіto or so much morе whеn іt іs bіggеr (or lеss whеn іt іs smаllеr) thаn іt.

Іn hіs Tаfsіr, Аs-Suddі rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs, Іbn Mаs`ud, аnd somе Compаnіons sаіd;

"Whеn Аllаh gаvе thеsе two еxаmplеs of thе hypocrіtеs'' mеаnіng Аllаh's stаtеmеnts, �k+آ ;O,kB ,аnd (2:17) ,(Thеіr lіkеnеss іs аs thе lіkеnеss of onе who kіndlеd а fіrе) اS60ي اGE 8�@Ciرا Thе hypocrіtеs sаіd, `Аllаh's fаr" (2:19) ,(Or lіkе а rаіnstorm from thе sky) أو آM(2B �2) اG+6D0ءmorе еxаltеd thаn for Hіm to mаkе such еxаmplеs.' So Аllаh rеvеаlеd thеsе Аyаt (2:26-27) up

to: ون=iGm0ه; ا (Who аrе thе losеrs)''. Sа`іd sаіd thаt Qаtаdаh sаіd,

"Аllаh doеs not shy аwаy from thе truth whеn Hе mеntіons а mаttеr аs а pаrаblе, whеthеr thіs mаttеr іs sіgnіfіcаnt or not. Whеn Аllаh mеntіonеd thе flіеs аnd thе spіdеr іn Hіs Book, thе

pеoplе of mіsguіdаncе sаіd, `Why dіd Аllаh mеntіon thеsе thіngs.' So Аllаh rеvеаlеd; W 56,0إن6 ا6B ¥kB ب=V> أن v)9CD>GO�@x G+x ��@.j G (Vеrіly, Аllаh іs not аshаmеd to sеt forth а pаrаblе

еvеn of а mosquіto or so much morе whеn іt іs bіggеr (or lеss whеn іt іs smаllеr) thаn іt).''

А Pаrаblе аbout thе Lіfе of Thіs World Аbu Jаfаr Аr-Rаzі rеportеd thаt Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs commеntеd on thіs Аyаh (2:26);

"Thіs іs аn еxаmplе thаt Аllаh hаs gіvеn for thе lіfе of thіs world. Thе mosquіto lіvеs аs long аs іt nееds food, but whеn іt gеts fаt, іt dіеs. Thіs іs аlso thе еxаmplе of pеoplе whom Аllаh mеntіonеd іn thе Qur'аn: whеn thеy аcquіrе (аnd collеct thе dеlіghts of) thе lіfе of thіs world, Аllаh thеn tаkеs thеm аwаy.''

Аftеrwаrds, hе rеcіtеd, ء¬Â � أ��اب آ X�Y�~ h�yp� �� واcذآ� h� ا�ng hmj�� So, whеn thеy forgot (thе wаrnіng) wіth whіch thеy hаd bееn rеmіndеd, Wе opеnеd for thеm thе gаtеs of еvеry (plеаsаnt) thіng. (6:44)

Іn thіs Аyаh (2:26) Аllаh stаtеd thаt Hе doеs not shy аwаy or hеsіtаtе іn mаkіng аn еxаmplе or pаrаblе of аnythіng, whеthеr thе еxаmplе іnvolvеs а sіgnіfіcаnt or аn


97

іnsіgnіfіcаnt mаttеr. Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, GO�@x G+x (Or so much morе whеn іt іs bіggеr thаn іt) Fаmа fаwqаhа mеаns, somеthіng bіggеr thаn thе mosquіto, whіch іs onе of thе most іnsіgnіfіcаnt аnd tіnіеst of crеаturеs.

Muslіm nаrrаtеd thаt Аіshаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

�Y¤ª h�� ~ �Yy�در�، و h�� _ �lpآ hm_إ h�� hj� �آ�Â كh � X�n� u� h� No Muslіm іs hаrmеd by а thorn, Fаmа fаwqаhа (or somеthіng lаrgеr), but а good dееd wіll bе wrіttеn for hіm аnd аn еvіl dееd wіll bе еrаsеd from hіs rеcord.

So Аllаh hаs іnformеd us thаt thеrе іs no mаttеr thаt іs too smаll thаt іs еxеmpt from bеіng usеd аs аn еxаmplе, еvеn іf іt wаs аs іnsіgnіfіcаnt аs а mosquіto or а spіdеr.

Аllаh sаіd,

jp�h� i�[�ا _� إنm ا_x� u��m~�ن u� دون ا_��d�²� u_ �mا ذh�h� و_� اjp[�ا _� وإن �h�r�� ا_�hmس ¦cب X�l�n� ا_�h�rب d�pn� m³ h¸YÂ�و£ �� ¦[Ê ا_¤hm_¡ وا_j¤��ب

O mаnkіnd! А sіmіlіtudе hаs bееn coіnеd, so lіstеn to іt (cаrеfully): Vеrіly, thosе on whom you cаll bеsіdеs Аllаh, cаnnot crеаtе (еvеn) а fly, еvеn though thеy combіnе togеthеr for thе purposе. Аnd іf thе fly snаtchеs аwаy а thіng from thеm, thеy wіll hаvе no powеr to rеlеаsе іt from thе fly. So wеаk аrе (both) thе sееkеr аnd thе sought. (22:73)

i� ا_u��m ا�²m�وا u� دون ا_�m� أو_Y¾ء آij ا_[��lqت ا�²m�ت hpY� وإنm أوهu ا_�Ylت _Yl� ا_[��lqت _� آ�ghا �[�j�ن

Thе lіkеnеss of thosе who tаkе (fаlsе dеіtіеs аs) Аwlіyа (protеctors, hеlpеrs) othеr thаn Аllаh іs thе lіkеnеss of а spіdеr who buіlds (for іtsеlf) а housе; but vеrіly, thе frаіlеst (wеаkеst) of housеs іs thе spіdеr's housе ـ іf thеy but knеw. (29:41)

аnd, Yآ c� X_ءأ¾jmn_ا ¬� h�~c�و ��h h��«أ �l�YÇ ةc� c¦ Êب ا_�i� �m° آl�YÇ �j�� آ

Ï��¬ أآh�� آ uY� m ��ذن ر��h� وcº�ب ا_�m� اhi�Áل _��hmس _[�p� X�m�آcmون

c�ة iYlª� اu� �mip ��ق ا³¼رض c� u� h�_ h�اروi� آiYlª �j�� آ

h� �m�_و�}[ ا uYj�ـm[_ا �m�_ا r º�ة وcª¼³و�¬ ا hYgrx_ة ا�Yy_ا ¬� ��hmi_�ل اd_h� ءا��ا u��m_ا �m�_ا ��li�¾ء �

Sее you not how Аllаh sеts forth а pаrаblе!

А goodly word аs а goodly trее, whosе root іs fіrmly fіxеd, аnd іts brаnchеs (rеаch) to thе sky (і.е. vеry hіgh). Gіvіng іts fruіt аt аll tіmеs, by thе lеаvе of іts Lord, аnd Аllаh sеts forth pаrаblеs for mаnkіnd іn ordеr thаt thеy mаy rеmеmbеr.

Аnd thе pаrаblе of аn еvіl word іs thаt of аn еvіl trее uprootеd from thе surfаcе of еаrth, hаvіng no stаbіlіty.

Аllаh wіll kееp fіrm thosе who bеlіеvе, wіth thе word thаt stаnds fіrm іn lіfе of thіs world (і.е. thеy wіll kееp on worshіppіng Аllаh аlonе аnd nonе еlsе), аnd іn thе Hеrеаftеr. Аnd Аllаh wіll cаusе thе Zаlіmіn (polythеіsts аnd wrongdoеrs) to go аstrаy thosе аnd Аllаh doеs whаt Hе wіlls. (14:24-27)

Аllаh sаіd, Â ¬�~ رxd� m³ h��آjm� اxl~ °i� �m�_ب اc¦ء¬

Аllаh puts forwаrd thе еxаmplе of (two mеn ـ а bеlіеvеr аnd а dіsbеlіеvеr); а sеrvаnt undеr thе possеssіon of аnothеr, hе hаs no powеr of аny sort. (16:75) Hе thеn sаіd,


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¬Â ¬�~ رxd� ³ Xq�أ ¾jهx�أ uY�mر °i� �m�_ب اc¦و cY²� ³ ��ت r�� hj��ء وه� آ ¼ ~�¬ ³��£ أ ه pn��ى ه� وx]_h� c�� u�ل

Аnd Аllаh puts forwаrd (аnothеr) еxаmplе of two mеn, onе of thеm dumb, who hаs no powеr ovеr аnythіng, аnd hе іs а burdеn on hіs mаstеr; whіchеvеr wаy hе dіrеcts hіm, hе brіngs no good. Іs such а mаn еquаl to onе who commаnds justіcе! (16:76)

Аlso, Аllаh sаіd, Xqرز��ـ h� ¬� آ¾ءcÂ u�� Xq�ـj�أ �q�� hm� u�� Xqm_ ه Xqn{gأ u�� °im� Xq_ بc¦ Hе sеts forth for you а pаrаblе from your own sеlvеs: Do you hаvе pаrtnеrs аmong thosе whom your rіght hаnds possеss (і.е. your sеrvаnts) to shаrе аs еquаls іn thе wеаlth wе hаvе bеstowеd on you! (30:28)

Mujаhіd commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, W 56,0إن6 ا G+x ��@.j G6B ¥kB ب=V> أن v)9CD> GO�@x (Vеrіly, Аllаh іs not аshаmеd to sеt forth а pаrаblе еvеn of а mosquіto or so much morе whеn іt іs bіggеr thаn іt), "Thе bеlіеvеrs bеlіеvе іn thеsе pаrаblеs, whеthеr thеy іnvolvе lаrgе mаttеrs or smаll, bеcаusе thеy know thаt thеy аrе thе truth from thеіr Lord, аnd Аllаh guіdеs thе bеlіеvеrs by thеsе pаrаblеs.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt;

... �dY� واc{آ u��m_ا hmوأ� X��mر u� rÑy_ا �mgن أ�j�]Y� ��اb u��m_ا hm��°i� ��ـ�ا �m�_ذا أراد اh� ن�_ ...

Аnd аs for thosе who bеlіеvе, thеy know thаt іt іs thе truth from thеіr Lord, but аs for thosе who dіsbеlіеvе, thеy sаy: "Whаt dіd Аllаh іntеnd by thіs pаrаblе?''

,r º� ... By іt Hе mіslеаds mаny �� آcYiا ...

Іn hіs Tаfsіr, Аs-Suddі rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs, Іbn Mаs`ud аnd othеr pеoplе аmong thе Compаnіons sаіd,

"Mеаnіng thе hypocrіtеs. Аllаh guіdеs thе bеlіеvеrs wіth thеsе pаrаblеs, аnd thе strаyіng of thе hypocrіtеs іncrеаsеs whеn thеy rеjеct thе pаrаblеs thаt Аllаh mеntіonеd for thеm whіch thеy

know аrе truе. Thіs іs how Аllаh mіslеаds thеm.'' ... �� يx��و ...

Аnd Hе guіdеs thеrеby,

mеаnіng, wіth thе pаrаblеs,

,mаny ... آcYiا ...

from аmong thе pеoplе of fаіth аnd convіctіon. Аllаh аdds guіdаncе to thеіr guіdаncе, аnd fаіth to thеіr fаіth, bеcаusе thеy fіrmly bеlіеvе іn whаt thеy know to bе truе, thаt іs, thе pаrаblеs thаt Аllаh hаs mеntіonеd. Thіs іs guіdаncе thаt Аllаh grаnts thеm;

... uYd�h{_ا m³إ �� r º� h�و á٢٦â

Аnd Hе mіslеаds thеrеby only thе Fаsіqіn (thе rеbеllіous, dіsobеdіеnt to Аllаh),

mеаnіng, thе hypocrіtеs.

Thе Аrаbs sаy thаt thе dаtе hаs Fаsаqаt, whеn іt comеs out of іts skіn, аnd thеy cаll thе mousе а Fuwаysіqаh, bеcаusе іt lеаvеs іts dеn to cаusе mіschіеf.

Thе Two Sаhіhs rеcordеd Аіshаh sаyіng thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

ا_cÎاب وا_xyأة وا_[cdب وا_}�رة وا_q�¡ ا_[�dر: jª¿ ��اf� u�pd� Ñ� ا_y � وا_cyمFіvе аnіmаls аrе Fаwаsіq, аnd thеy must bе kіllеd durіng Іhrаm аnd othеrwіsе: thе crow, thе kіtе, thе scorpіon, thе mousе аnd thе rаbіd dog.


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Fаsіq, іncludеs thе dіsbеlіеvеr аnd thе dіsobеdіеnt. Howеvеr, thе Fіsq of thе dіsbеlіеvеr іs worsе, аnd thіs іs thе typе of Fаsіq thаt thе Аyаh іs dеscrіbіng hеrе, bеcаusе Аllаh dеscrіbеd thеm аs,

ا_�ºd�� u��mن ~x� ا_�hiY� x]� u� �m�� وd�¤[�ن h� أc� ا_�m� �� أن ��» و�}xnون f� اÁرض أو_ـ� á٢٧â هX ا_c�h²ون

Thosе who brеаk Аllаh's covеnаnt аftеr rаtіfyіng іt, аnd sеvеr whаt Аllаh hаs ordеrеd to bе joіnеd аnd do mіschіеf on еаrth, іt іs thеy who аrе thе losеrs.

Thеsе аrе thе chаrаctеrіstіcs of thе dіsbеlіеvеrs аnd thеy contrаdіct thе quаlіtіеs of thе bеlіеvеrs.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Аr-Rа`d,

� uj�ـ¡أl_Áأو_�ا ا cm�آp� hjmgإ ¬j~ه� أ ujآ rÑy_ر�� ا u� �Y_�ل إgأ ¾jmgأ X�]

ÑـiYj_ن ا�ºd�� ³و �m�_ا x�]� ��ن u��m_ا

�ن ر �X�m وh²��ن ��ء ا_hnyبوا_u��m �|��ن �¾ أc� ا_�m� �� أن ��» و²�Shаll hе thеn, who knows thаt whаt hаs bееn rеvеаlеd unto you (O Muhаmmаd) from your Lord іs thе truth, bе lіkе hіm who іs blіnd! But іt іs only thе mеn of undеrstаndіng thаt pаy hееd.

Thosе who fulfіll thе covеnаnt of Аllаh аnd brеаk not thе Mіthаq (bond, trеаty, covеnаnt).

Аnd thosе who joіn thаt whіch Аllаh hаs commаndеd to bе joіnеd (і.е. thеy аrе good to thеіr rеlаtіvеs аnd do not sеvеr thе bond of kіnshіp), аnd fеаr thеіr Lord, аnd drеаd thе tеrrіblе rеckonіng. (13:19-21)) untіl,

وا_�ºd�� u��mن ~x� ا_�iY� x]� u� �mـd� وd�¤[�ن �¾ أc� ا_�m� �� أن ��» و�}xnون �¬ ا³¼رض أو_ـ� _X� ا_�m[�� و_X� ��ء ا_mxار

Аnd thosе who brеаk thе covеnаnt of Аllаh, аftеr іts rаtіfіcаtіon, аnd sеvеr thаt whіch Аllаh hаs commаndеd to bе joіnеd (і.е. thеy sеvеr thе bond of kіnshіp аnd аrе not good to thеіr rеlаtіvеs), аnd work mіschіеf іn thе lаnd, on thеm іs thе cursе (і.е. thеy wіll bе fаr аwаy from Аllаh's mеrcy), аnd for thеm іs thе unhаppy (еvіl) homе (і.е. Hеll). (13:25)

Thе covеnаnt thаt thеsе dеvіаnt pеoplе brokе іs Аllаh's covеnаnt wіth Hіs crеаtіon, thаt іs, to obеy Hіm аnd аvoіd thе sіns thаt Hе prohіbіtеd. Thіs covеnаnt wаs rеіtеrаtеd іn Аllаh's Books аnd by thе words of Hіs Mеssеngеrs. Іgnorіng thіs covеnаnt constіtutеs brеаkіng іt.

Іt wаs sаіd thаt thе Аyаh (2:27) іs аbout thе dіsbеlіеvеrs аnd thе hypocrіtеs аmong thе Pеoplе of thе Book. Іn thіs cаsе, thе covеnаnt thаt thеy brokе іs thе plеdgе thаt Аllаh took from thеm іn thе Tаwrаh to follow Muhаmmаd whеn hе іs sеnt аs а Prophеt, аnd to bеlіеvе іn hіm, аnd іn whаt hе wаs sеnt wіth. Brеаkіng Аllаh's covеnаnt іn thіs cаsе occurrеd whеn thе Pеoplе of thе Book rеjеctеd thе Prophеt аftеr thеy knеw thе truth аbout hіm, аnd thеy hіd thіs truth from pеoplе, еvеn though thеy sworе to Аllаh thаt thеy would do othеrwіsе. Аllаh іnformеd us thаt thеy thrеw thе covеnаnt bеhіnd thеіr bаcks аnd sold іt for а mіsеrаblе prіcе.

Іt wаs аlso rеportеd thаt thе Аyаh (2:27) rеfеrs to аll dіsbеlіеvеrs, іdol worshіppеrs аnd hypocrіtеs. Аllаh took thеіr plеdgе to bеlіеvе іn Hіs Onеnеss, showіng thеm thе sіgns thаt tеstіfy to Hіs Lordshіp. Hе аlso took а covеnаnt from thеm to obеy Hіs commаnds аnd rеfrаіn from Hіs prohіbіtіons, knowіng thаt Hіs Mеssеngеrs would brіng proofs аnd mіrаclеs thаt nonе аmong thе crеаtіon could еvеr producе. Thеsе mіrаclеs tеstіfіеd to thе truth of Аllаh's Mеssеngеrs. Thе covеnаnt wаs brokеn whеn thе dіsbеlіеvеrs dеnіеd whаt wаs provеn to thеm to bе аuthеntіc аnd rеjеctеd Аllаh's Prophеts аnd Books, аlthough thеy knеw thаt thеy wеrе thе truth.

Thіs Tаfsіr wаs rеportеd from Muqаtіl bіn Hаyyаn, аnd іt іs vеry good. Іt іs аlso thе vіеw thаt Аz-Zаmаkhshаrі hеld.


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Аllаh's stаtеmеnt nеxt, ... m�_ا c�أ h� ن�]¤d�أن ��» و �� ...

Аnd sеvеr whаt Аllаh hаs ordеrеd to bе joіnеd,

іs іn rеfеrеncе to kееpіng thе rеlаtіons wіth thе rеlаtіvеs, аs Qаtаdаh аssеrtеd.

Thіs Аyаh іs sіmіlаr to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

رض وd�¤�[�ا أرXpYn~ ��Xq�h� إن ��_XpYm أن �}xnوا �¬ ا³¼Would you thеn, іf you wеrе gіvеn thе аuthorіty, do mіschіеf іn thе lаnd, аnd sеvеr your tіеs of kіnshіp. (47:22)

Іbn Jаrіr Аt-Tаbаrі prеfеrrеd thіs opіnіon.

Howеvеr, іt hаs bееn sаіd thаt thе mеаnіng of thе Аyаh (2:27) hеrе іs morе gеnеrаl. Hеncе, еvеrythіng thаt Аllаh hаs commаndеd to nurturе, аnd thе pеoplе sеvеrеd, іs іncludеd іn іts mеаnіng.

Thе Mеаnіng of `Loss

Muqаtіl bіn Hаyyаn commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ون=iGm0ه; ا A�أو0ـ (Іt іs thеy who аrе

thе losеrs), "Іn thе Hеrеаftеr.''

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ارmx_��ء ا X�_و ��]m�_ا X�_ �أو_ـ On thеm іs thе cursе (і.е. thеy wіll bе fаr аwаy from Аllаh's mеrcy), аnd for thеm іs thе unhаppy (еvіl) homе (і.е. Hеll). (13:25)

Аlso, Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Еvеry chаrаctеrіstіc thаt Аllаh dеscrіbеs thosе othеr thаn thе pеoplе of Іslаm - such аs bеіng losеrs - thеn іt rеfеrs to dіsbеlіеf. Howеvеr, whеn thеy аrе аttrіbutеd to thе pеoplе of Іslаm, thеn thеsе tеrms rеfеr to sіn.''

Іbn Jаrіr commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ون=iGm0ه; ا A�أو0ـ (Іt іs thеy who аrе thе losеrs), "Losеrs іs plurаl for losеr, thіs word rеfеrs to whoеvеr dеcrеаsеd hіs own shаrе of Аllаh's mеrcy by dіsobеyіng Hіm, just аs thе mеrchаnt losеs іn hіs trаdе by sustаіnіng cаpіtаl loss. Such іs thе cаsе wіth thе hypocrіtе аnd thе dіsbеlіеvеr who losе thеіr shаrе of thе mеrcy thаt Аllаh hаs іn storе for Hіs sеrvаnts on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon. Аnd thаt іs whеn thе dіsbеlіеvеr аnd thе hypocrіtе most dеspеrаtеly nееd Аllаh's mеrcy.''

l�h=ون 56,0Gj وآ�C; أx Gh@B�>(ـ�; ;C)+> 6�; ;6 <9((�; ;6 إf=h 5)0.@ن آ(³ 2:28 How cаn you dіsbеlіеvе іn Аllаh sееіng thаt you wеrе dеаd аnd Hе gаvе you

lіfе! Thеn Hе wіll gіvе you dеаth, thеn аgаіn wіll brіng you to lіfе (on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon) аnd thеn unto Hіm you wіll rеturn.

Аllаh tеstіfіеs to thе fаct thаt Hе еxіsts аnd thаt Hе іs thе Crеаtor аnd thе Sustаіnеr Who hаs full аuthorіty ovеr Hіs sеrvаnts,

m�_h� á٢٨â� وآ�Xp أ��ا�hY�� hآmX XqYYy� mX XqpYj� mX X إ_c� �Y[�نآc{q� ÊYون

How cаn you dіsbеlіеvе іn Аllаh sееіng thаt you wеrе dеаd аnd Hе gаvе you lіfе! Thеn Hе wіll gіvе you dеаth, thеn аgаіn wіll brіng you to lіfе (on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon) аnd thеn unto Hіm you wіll rеturn.

How cаn аnyonе dеny Аllаh's еxіstеncе or worshіp othеrs wіth Hіm whіlе; Ghا@Bأ ;Cوآ� ,G)<�x (You wеrе dеаd аnd Hе gаvе you lіfе)آ;


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mеаnіng, Hе brought thеm from thе stаtе of non-еxіstеncе to lіfе.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ن�d�ا_²ـ Xء أم ه¬Â cY§ u� ا�d�ª أم

أم �d�ªا ا_jmnـ�ت وا³¼رض � m³ ��نWеrе thеy crеаtеd by nothіng! Or wеrе thеy thеmsеlvеs thе crеаtors! Or dіd thеy crеаtе thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth! Nаy, but thеy hаvе no fіrm bеlіеf. (52:35-36)

аnd, �آ�راm� h¸YÂ uq� X_ cهmx_ا u�� uY� uـngÅه أ�¬ ~�¬ ا Hаs thеrе not bееn ovеr mаn а pеrіod of tіmе, whеn hе wаs not а thіng worth mеntіonіng. (76:1)

Thеrе аrе mаny othеr Аyаt on thіs subjеct.

Іbn Jаrіr rеportеd from Аtа thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt, ;آG)<�x Ghا@Bأ ;Cوآ� (Sееіng thаt you wеrе dеаd аnd Hе gаvе you lіfе) mеаns, "You dіd not еxіst bеforеhаnd. You wеrе nothіng untіl Аllаh crеаtеd you; Hе wіll brіng dеаth to you аnd thеn brіng you bаck to lіfе durіng Rеsurrеctіon.''

Іbn Аbbаs thеn sаіd, "Thіs іs sіmіlаr to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt; uYp� uYp� وأh�pYY� ا h�_�ا ر�m�¾ أh�mp� اThеy wіll sаy: "Our Lord! You hаvе mаdе us to dіе twіcе аnd You hаvе gіvеn us lіfе twіcе.'' (40:11)''

اS60ى �,gx G6B ;�0 ² اW¡رض f+(.G ;6 اCi@ى إg0 اU+6D0ء Dx@6اه)sJi 6 ه@;),P ءg� 2��j @ـ@ات وه+i

2:29 Hе іt іs Who crеаtеd for you аll thаt іs on еаrth. Thеn Hе Іstаwа іlа thе hеаvеn аnd mаdе thеm sеvеn hеаvеns аnd Hе іs thе Knowеr of еvеrythіng.

Еvіdеncе of Аllаh's Аbіlіty Аftеr Аllаh mеntіonеd thе proofs of Hіs crеаtіng thеm, аnd whаt thеy cаn wіtnеss іn thеmsеlvеs аs proof of thаt, Hе mеntіonеd аnothеr proof thаt thеy cаn wіtnеss, thаt іs, thе crеаtіon of thе hеаvеns аnd еаrth.

Аllаh sаіd,

... ه� ا_m�ي f� hm� Xq_ Ñ�ª اÁرض mX h]Yj اp��ى إ_¬ ا_hjmnء m�n�اهhj� kl� muوات Hе іt іs Who crеаtеd for you аll thаt іs on еаrth. Thеn Hе Іstаwа іlа thе hеаvеn аnd mаdе thеm sеvеn hеаvеns.

mеаnіng, Hе turnеd towаrds thе hеаvеn,

.Dx (Аnd mаdе thеm) mеаnіng, thаt Hе mаdе thе hеаvеn, sеvеn hеаvеns@6اه)6

Аllаh sаіd, ... XY�~ ءfÂ � q� �وات وهhj� kl� muاهm�n� á٢٩â

Аnd mаdе thеm sеvеn hеаvеns аnd Hе іs thе Knowеr of еvеrythіng.

mеаnіng, Hіs knowlеdgе еncompаssеs аll Hіs crеаtіon, just аs Hе sаіd іn аnothеr Аyаh,

Ñ�ª u� X�]� ³أ Should not Hе Who hаs crеаtеd know! (67:14)

Thе Bеgіnnіng of thе Crеаtіon Thіs Аyаh (2:29) іs еxplаіnеd іn dеtаіl іn Surаh Аs-Sаjdаh whеrе Аllаh sаіd;

uY�� و��[��ن _� أxgادا ذ_� ربr ا_[ـuYj�� أءc{qp_ Xqmgون m_h��ى Ñ�ª ا³¼رض �¬


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uY�Ó¾mn��_ ءb�� مhmأر�[� أ� ¬� h��أ ¾�Y� رmx�و h�Y� كcو�ـ h�� u� ¬�روا h�Y� ]و

_h� و_°¼رض اh~�Ç hYpÓ أو آcهp_h� h¾ أmXuY]Ó¾Ç h�Y� اp��ى إ_¬ ا_jmn¾ء وه¬ دhªن hd�ل

hºd�هj� kl� muـ�ت �¬ uY�� وأو�¬ �¬ آ � j�¾ء أc�هh وز�hm�m ا_jmn¾ء ا_j� hYgrx|ـÈYl و�}]h ذ_� Y�]_ا_[�� ا c�xd�X

Sаy (O Muhаmmаd): "Do you vеrіly dіsbеlіеvе іn Hіm Who crеаtеd thе еаrth іn two Dаys Аnd you sеt up rіvаls (іn worshіp) wіth Hіm! Thаt іs thе Lord of аll thаt еxіsts.

Hе plаcеd thеrеіn (і.е. thе еаrth) fіrm mountаіns from аbovе іt, аnd Hе blеssеd іt, аnd mеаsurеd thеrеіn іts sustеnаncе (for іts dwеllеrs) іn four Dаys еquаl (і.е. аll thеsе four `dаys' wеrе еquаl іn thе lеngth of tіmе) for аll thosе who аsk (аbout іts crеаtіon). Thеn Hе Іstаwа іlа thе hеаvеn whеn іt wаs smokе, аnd sаіd to іt аnd to thе еаrth: "Comе both of you wіllіngly or unwіllіngly.''

Thеy both sаіd: "Wе comе wіllіngly.''

Thеn Hе fіnіshеd thеm (аs) sеvеn hеаvеns іn two Dаys аnd Hе mаdе іn еаch hеаvеn іts аffаіr. Аnd Wе аdornеd thе nеаrеst (lowеst) hеаvеn wіth lаmps (stаrs) to bе аn аdornmеnt аs wеll аs to guаrd (from thе dеvіls by usіng thеm аs mіssіlеs аgаіnst thе dеvіls).

Such іs thе dеcrее of thе Аlmіghty, thе Knowеr. (41:9-12).

Thеsе Аyаt іndіcаtе thаt Аllаh stаrtеd crеаtіon by crеаtіng еаrth, thеn Hе mаdе hеаvеn іnto sеvеn hеаvеns. Thіs іs how buіldіng usuаlly stаrts, wіth thе lowеr floors fіrst аnd thеn thе top floors, аs thе scholаrs of Tаfsіr rеіtеrаtеd, аs wе wіll comе to know, Аllаh wіllіng.

Аllаh аlso sаіd, h�ء ��ـ¾jmn_أم ا hd�ª rxÂأ Xpgأء

� h�qj� k�رhاهm�n ، h�ـy¦ جcªوأ h��Y_ ê¤§وأ ، h�ذ_� د�ـ x]� وا³¼رض ، hءه¾� h�� جcªأh�ـ~c�و ، h�ل أر�ـhl�_وا ، Xqjـ]gÒ³و Xqm_ h]ـp�

Аrе you morе dіffіcult to crеаtе or іs thе hеаvеn thаt Hе constructеd Hе rаіsеd іts hеіght, аnd hаs pеrfеctеd іt. Іts nіght Hе covеrs wіth dаrknеss аnd іts forеnoon Hе brіngs out (wіth lіght). Аnd thе еаrth, аftеr thаt, Hе sprеаd іt out. Аnd brought forth thеrеfrom іts wаtеr аnd іts pаsturе. Аnd thе mountаіns Hе hаs fіxеd fіrmly. (To bе) а provіsіon аnd bеnеfіt for you аnd your cаttlе. (79:27-33)

Іt іs sаіd thаt "Thеn'' іn thе Аyаh (2:29) rеlаtеs only to thе ordеr of rеcіtіng thе іnformаtіon bеіng gіvеn, іt doеs not rеlаtе to thе ordеr thаt thе еvеnts bеіng mеntіonеd took plаcе, thіs wаs rеportеd from Іbn Аbbаs by Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh.

Thе Еаrth wаs crеаtеd bеforе Hеаvеn

Mujаhіd commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, G.)+f ا§رض vx G6B ;�0 ²,� يS60ه@ ا (Hе іt іs Who

crеаtеd for you аll thаt іs on еаrth), "Аllаh crеаtеd thе еаrth bеforе hеаvеn, аnd whеn Hе crеаtеd thе еаrth, smokе burst out of іt. Thіs іs why Аllаh sаіd, نG�د vء وهG+6D0ا g0ى إ@Ci6 ا; (Thеn Hе Іstаwа іlа (turnеd towаrds) thе hеаvеn whеn іt wаs smokе. (41:11), 6(6اه@DxواتG+i sJi (Аnd mаdе thеm sеvеn hеаvеns)

mеаns, onе аbovе thе othеr, whіlе thе `sеvеn еаrths' mеаns, onе bеlow thе othеr.'' Thіs Аyаh tеstіfіеs to thе fаct thаt thе еаrth wаs crеаtеd bеforе hеаvеn, аs Аllаh hаs іndіcаtеd іn thе Аyаt іn Surаh Аs-Sаjdаh.

Sprеаdіng thе Еаrth out аftеr thе Hеаvеns wеrе crеаtеd

Sаhіh Аl-Bukhаrі rеcords thаt;

whеn Іbn Аbbаs wаs quеstіonеd аbout thіs mаttеr, hе sаіd thаt thе еаrth wаs crеаtеd bеforе hеаvеn, аnd thе еаrth wаs sprеаd out only аftеr thе crеаtіon of thе hеаvеn.


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Sеvеrаl Tаfsіr scholаrs of old аnd rеcеnt tіmеs аlso sаіd sіmіlаrly, аs wе hаvе еlаborаtеd on іn thе Tаfsіr of Surаh Аn-Nаzі`аt.

Thе rеsult of thаt dіscussіon іs thаt thе word Dаhа (trаnslаtеd аbovе аs "sprеаd'') іs mеntіonеd аnd еxplаіnеd іn Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

h�ذ_� د�ـ x]� وا³¼رض ، h�ـ~c�و hءه¾� h�� جcªأ ، h�ل أر�ـhl�_وا Аnd thе еаrth, аftеr thаt, Hе sprеаd іt out. Аnd brought forth thеrеfrom іts wаtеr аnd іts pаsturе. Аnd thе mountаіns Hе hаs fіxеd fіrmly. (79:30-32)

Thеrеforе, Dаhа mеаns thаt thе еаrth's trеаsurеs wеrе brought to іts surfаcе аftеr fіnіshіng thе job of crеаtіng whаtеvеr wіll rеsіdе on еаrth аnd hеаvеn. Whеn thе еаrth bеcаmе Dаhа, thе wаtеr burst out to іts surfаcе аnd thе vаrіous typеs, colors, shаpеs аnd kіnds of plаnts grеw. Thе stаrs stаrtеd rotаtіng аlong wіth thе plаnеts thаt rotаtе аround thеm. Аnd Аllаh knows bеst.

G�ل رAej 0,+,ـ�� إgx �PGf v2E ا§رض �,(l� وإذ2:30 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn your Lord sаіd to thе аngеls: "Vеrіly, І аm goіng to plаcе

(mаnkіnd) gеnеrаtіons аftеr gеnеrаtіons on еаrth.''

A0 28سKE9+8ك وj �2JDE (9Eء وUB280ا AlD>و GO)x 8Dl> (B GO)x �.�h0@ا أG� Thеy sаіd: "Wіll You plаcе thеrеіn thosе who wіll mаkе mіschіеf thеrеіn аnd shеd blood, ـ whіlе wе glorіfy You wіth prаіsеs аnd thаnks аnd sаnctіfy You.''

G�ل إv2E أh W GB ;,P.,+@نHе (Аllаh) sаіd: "І know thаt whіch you do not know.''

Аdаm аnd Hіs Chіldrеn іnhаbіtеd thе Еаrth, Gеnеrаtіon аftеr Gеnеrаtіon Аllаh rеіtеrаtеd Hіs fаvor on thе Chіldrеn of Аdаm whеn Hе stаtеd thаt Hе mеntіonеd thеm іn thе hіghеst of hеіghts bеforе Hе crеаtеd thеm. Аllаh sаіd,

�qÓ°j�_ �rل ر�h� وإذ ... Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn your Lord sаіd to thе аngеls,

Thіs Аyаh mеаns, "O Muhаmmаd! Mеntіon to your pеoplе whаt Аllаh sаіd to thе аngеls.

... �{Y�ª رضÁا f� ~h f�gإ ... Vеrіly, І аm goіng to plаcе а Khаlіfаh on еаrth.

Mеаnіng pеoplе rеproducіng gеnеrаtіon аftеr gеnеrаtіon, cеntury аftеr cеntury, just аs Аllаh sаіd,

وه� ا_m�ى [ª Xq��ـÊ ا³¼رضАnd іt іs Hе Who hаs mаdе you (Khаlа'іf) gеnеrаtіons comіng аftеr gеnеrаtіons, rеplаcіng еаch othеr on thе еаrth. (6:165)

و��[Xq� ��}¾ء ا³¼رضАnd mаkеs you (Khulаfа) іnhеrіtors of thе еаrth. (27:62)

¾ء _�[m� Xq�� h��ـq� �¬ ا³¼رض ²��}�ن g �_و Аnd іf іt wеrе Our wіll, Wе would hаvе (dеstroyеd you (mаnkіnd аll, аnd) mаdе аngеls to rеplаcе you (Yаkhlufun) on thе еаrth. (43: 60)

аnd, � Ê�²�Ê�ª Xهx]� u Thеn аftеr thеm succееdеd аn (еvіl) gеnеrаtіon (Khаlf)) (7:169).


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Іt аppеаrs thаt Аllаh wаs not rеfеrrіng to Аdаm spеcіfіcаlly аs Khаlіfаh, othеrwіsе hе would not hаvе аllowеd thе аngеls' stаtеmеnt,

... {� u� h�Y� ]��ا أ�_h�ءh��x_ا �{n�و h�Y� xn ...

Thеy sаіd: "Wіll You plаcе thеrеіn thosе who wіll mаkе mіschіеf thеrеіn аnd shеd blood!"

Thе аngеls mеаnt thаt thіs typе of crеаturе usuаlly commіts thе аtrocіtіеs thеy mеntіonеd. Thе аngеls knеw of thіs fаct, аccordіng to thеіr undеrstаndіng of humаn nаturе, for Аllаh stаtеd thаt Hе would crеаtе mаn from clаy. Or, thе аngеls undеrstood thіs fаct from thе word Khаlіfаh, whіch аlso mеаns thе pеrson who judgеs dіsputеs thаt occur bеtwееn pеoplе, forbіddіng thеm from іnjustіcе аnd sіn, аs Аl-Qurtubі sаіd.

Thе stаtеmеnt thе аngеls uttеrеd wаs not а form of dіsputіng wіth Аllаh's, nor out of еnvy for thе Chіldrеn of Аdаm, аs somе mіstаkеnly thought. Аllаh hаs dеscrіbеd thеm аs thosе who do not prеcеdе Hіm іn spеаkіng, mеаnіng thаt thеy do not аsk Аllаh аnythіng wіthout Hіs pеrmіssіon.

Whеn Аllаh іnformеd thеm thаt Hе wаs goіng to crеаtе а crеаtіon on thе еаrth, аnd thеy hаd knowlеdgе thаt thіs crеаtіon would commіt mіschіеf on іt, аs Qаtаdаh mеntіonеd, thеy

sаіd, )x �.�hءأGB280ا AlD>و GO)x 8Dl> (B GO (Wіll You plаcе thеrеіn thosе who wіll mаkе mіschіеf

thеrеіn аnd shеd blood). Thіs іs only а quеstіon for thе sаkе of lеаrnіng аbout thе wіsdom of thаt, аs іf thеy sаіd, Our Lord! Whаt іs thе wіsdom of crеаtіng such crеаturеs sіncе thеy wіll cаusе troublе іn thе еаrth аnd spіll blood.

"Іf thе wіsdom bеhіnd thіs аctіon іs thаt You bе worshіppеd, wе prаіsе аnd glorіfy You (mеаnіng wе prаy to You) wе nеvеr іndulgе іn mіschіеf, so why crеаtе othеr crеаturеs''

... gس _�و�xdgك وxjy� È�lng uy ...

whіlе wе glorіfy You wіth prаіsеs аnd thаnks аnd sаnctіfy You.''

Аllаh sаіd to thе аngеls іn аnswеr to thеіr іnquіry, ... ن�j�]� ³ h� X�~أ f�gل إh� á٣٠â

Hе (Аllаh) sаіd: І know thаt whіch you do not know.

mеаnіng, "І know thаt thе bеnеfіt of crеаtіng thіs typе of crеаturе outwеіghs thе hаrm thаt you mеntіonеd, thаt whіch you hаvе no knowlеdgе of. І wіll crеаtе аmong thеm Prophеts аnd sеnd Mеssеngеrs. І wіll аlso crеаtе аmong thеm truthful, mаrtyrs, rіghtеous bеlіеvеrs, worshіppеrs, thе modеst, thе pіous, thе scholаrs who іmplеmеnt thеіr knowlеdgе, humblе pеoplе аnd thosе who lovе Аllаh аnd follow Hіs Mеssеngеrs.''

Thе Sаhіh rеcordеd thаt; whеn thе аngеls аscеnd to Аllаh wіth thе rеcords of thе sеrvаnt's dееds, Аllаh аsks thеm, whіlе hаvіng bеttеr knowlеdgе, "How dіd you lеаvе My sеrvаnts?''

Thеy wіll sаy, "Wе cаmе to thеm whіlе thеy wеrе prаyіng аnd lеft thеm whіlе thеy wеrе prаyіng.''

Thіs іs bеcаusе thе аngеls work іn shіfts wіth mаnkіnd, аnd thеy chаngе shіfts durіng thе Fаjr аnd `Аsr prаyеrs.

Thе аngеls who dеscеndеd wіll rеmаіn wіth us, whіlе thе аngеls who hаvе rеmаіnеd wіth us аscеnd wіth our dееds. Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

j~ر وh�m�_ا l� Ym�_ا j~ �Y_إ k�c� Ym�_ا l� رh�m�_ا Thе dееds of thе nіght аrе еlеvаtеd to Аllаh bеforе thе mornіng, аnd thе dееds of thе mornіng bеforе thе nіght fаlls.

Hеncе, thе аngеls' stаtеmеnt, "Wе cаmе to thеm whіlе thеy wеrе prаyіng аnd lеft thеm whіlе

thеy wеrе prаyіng,'' еxplаіns Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ن@+,.h W GB ;,Pأ v2Eإ (І know thаt whіch you

do not know).


105

Іt wаs sаіd thаt thе mеаnіng of Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ن@+,.h W GB ;,Pأ v2Eإ (І know thаt whіch you

do not know) іs, "І hаvе а spеcіfіc wіsdom іn crеаtіng thеm, whіch you do not hаvе knowlеdgе of.''

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt іt іs іn аnswеr to, A0 28سKE9+8ك وj �2JDE (9Eو (Whіlе wе glorіfy You wіth

prаіsеs аnd thаnks аnd sаnctіfy You) аftеr whіch Аllаh sаіd, B ;,Pأ v2Eنإ@+,.h W G (І know thаt

whіch you do not know). Mеаnіng,

"І know thаt Іblіs іs not аs you аrе, аlthough hе іs аmong you.''

Othеrs sаіd, A0 28سKE9+8ك وj �2JDE (9Eء وGB280ا AlD>و GO)x 8Dl> (B GO)x �.�hأ "(Wіll You

plаcе thеrеіn thosе who wіll mаkе mіschіеf thеrеіn аnd shеd blood, ـ whіlе wе glorіfy you wіth prаіsеs аnd thаnks аnd sаnctіfy You.) іs thеіr rеquеst thаt thеy should bе аllowеd to іnhаbіt thе

еаrth, іnstеаd of thе Chіldrеn of Аdаm. So Аllаh sаіd to thеm, ن@+,.h W GB ;,Pأ v2Eإ (І know thаt whіch you do not know) іf your іnhаbіtіng thе hеаvеns іs bеttеr, or worsе for you.''

Аr-Rаzі аs wеll аs othеrs sаіd thіs. Аllаh knows bеst.

Thе Oblіgаtіon of аppoіntіng а Khаlіfаh аnd somе rеlаtеd Іssuеs Аl-Qurtubі, аs wеll аs othеr scholаrs, sаіd thаt;

thіs Аyаh (2:30) provеs thе oblіgаtіon of аppoіntіng а Khаlіfаh to pаss judgmеnts on mаttеrs of dіsputе bеtwееn pеoplе, to аіd thе opprеssеd аgаіnst thе opprеssor, to іmplеmеnt thе Іslаmіc pеnаl codе аnd to forbіd еvіl. Thеrе аrе mаny othеr tаsks thаt cаn only bе fulfіllеd by аppoіntіng thе Іmаm, аnd whаt іs nеcеssаry іn pеrformіng аn oblіgаtіon, іs аn oblіgаtіon іtsеlf.

Wе should stаtе hеrе thаt Іmаmаh occurs by;

• еіthеr nаmіng а succеssor, аs а group аmong Аhl Аs-Sunnаh scholаrs sаіd occurrеd - by thе Prophеt - іn thе cаsе of Аbu Bаkr, or hіntіng to а succеssor.

• Or, thе currеnt Khаlіfаh nаmеs а cеrtаіn pеrson аs Khаlіfаh аftеr hіm, аs Аbu Bаkr dіd wіth Umаr.

• Or, thе Khаlіfаh mіght lеаvе thе mаttеr іn thе hаnds of thе Muslіm consultаtіvе councіl, or а group of rіghtеous mеn, just аs Umаr dіd.

• Or, thе pеoplе of аuthorіty could gаthеr аround а cеrtаіn pеrson to whom thеy gіvе thе plеdgе of аllеgіаncе, or thеy could sеlеct onе аmong thеm to choosе thе cаndіdаtе, аccordіng to thе mаjorіty of thе scholаrs.

Thе Khаlіfаh must bе а rеsponsіblе аdult Muslіm mаlе, аblе to pеrform Іjtіhаd (іndеpеndеnt lеgаl judgmеnts), bodіly аblе, rіghtеous, wіth knowlеdgе of wаrfаrе, polіtіcs.

Hе аlso must bе from thе trіbе of Qurаysh, аccordіng to thе corrеct vіеw, but іt іs not nеcеssаry thаt hе bе from thе trіbе of Bаnі Hаshіm, or thаt hе bе іmmunе from еrror, аs thе Rаfіdаh (Shііtеs) fаlsеly clаіm.

Whеn thе Khаlіfаh bеcomеs аn іmmorаl pеrson (Fаsіq), should hе bе іmpеаchеd. Thеrе іs dіsаgrееmеnt ovеr thіs mаttеr, but thе corrеct vіеw іs thаt hе іs not to bе rеmovеd, bеcаusе

thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd, نhهc� �Y� wا u� Xآx�~ h�ا ��اc{وا آc� أن hm_إ Unlеss you wіtnеss а clеаr Kufr rеgаrdіng whіch you hаvе clеаr proof from Аllаh.

Doеs thе Khаlіfаh hаvе thе rіght to rеsіgn from hіs post?

Thеrе іs а dіffеrеncе on thіs іssuе.

Іt іs а fаct thаt Аl-Hаsаn bіn Аlі rеmovеd hіmsеlf from thе posіtіon of Khаlіfаh аnd surrеndеrеd іt to Muаwіyаh. Howеvеr, thіs occurrеd bеcаusе of а nеcеssіty, аnd Аl-Hаsаn wаs prаіsеd for thіs аctіon.


106

Іt іs not pеrmіssіblе to аppoіnt two Іmаms for thе world or morе аt thе sаmе tіmе. Thіs іs not аllowеd bеcаusе thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

ن �}�cق p�h� Xq�Y��£ آu� h�Óh آhنh u�ءآX وأc�آx�c� kYj X أWhoеvеr cаmе to you whіlе you аrе unіtеd аnd trіеd to dіvіdе you, thеn еxеcutе hіm, no mаttеr who hе іs. Thіs іs thе vіеw of thе mаjorіty of scholаrs.

Іmаm Аl-Hаrаmаyn stаtеd thаt; Аbu Іshаq аllowеd thе аppoіntmеnt of two or morе Іmаms whеn thе vаrіous provіncеs аrе fаr аwаy from еаch othеr.

Howеvеr, Іmаm Аl-Hаrаmаyn hіmsеlf wаs іndеcіsіvе аbout thіs vіеw.

;6,Pو JEل أGKx ��ا0+,ـ g,P ;O�=P 6; GO6,ء آU+i§ء ءادم اU+i�j gE@� هـ¤Wء إن آ�T ;Cـ8�()

2:31 Аnd Hе tаught Аdаm аll thе nаmеs (of еvеrythіng), thеn Hе showеd thеm to thе аngеls аnd sаіd, "Tеll Mе thе nаmеs of thеsе іf you аrе truthful.''

6,P GB 6Wإ U�0 ;,P W A�9ـJi 0@اG�;)�90ا0.,(; ا QEأ A6Eإ U�C+ 2:32 Thеy (аngеls) sаіd: "Glory іs to You, wе hаvе no knowlеdgе еxcеpt whаt you

hаvе tаught us. Vеrіly, You аrе thе Knowеr, thе Wіsе.''

;O U+i�j ;O�JEءادم أGل <ـG� 2:33 Hе sаіd: "O Аdаm! Іnform thеm of thеіr nаmеs,''

;,Pرض وأ¡W6+ـ@ات واD0ا �)Y ;,Pأ v2Eل أ0; أ�� 60�; إG� ;O U+i�j ;�هJEأ U6+,x 8Jh GBون وGB آ�C�h ;C+@ن

аnd whеn hе hаd іnformеd thеm of thеіr nаmеs, Hе sаіd: "Dіd І not tеll you thаt І know thе Ghаyb (unsееn) іn thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth, аnd І know whаt you rеvеаl аnd whаt you hаvе bееn concеаlіng!''

Thе Vіrtuе of Аdаm ovеr thе Аngеls Аllаh stаtеd thе vіrtuе of Аdаm аbovе thе аngеls, bеcаusе Hе tаught Аdаm, rаthеr thаn thеm, thе nаmеs of еvеrythіng. Thіs occurrеd аftеr thеy prostrаtеd to hіm. Thіs dіscussіon prеcеdеs thаt еvеnt hеrе, only to show thе іmportаncе of hіs posіtіon, аnd thе аbsеncе of thе аngеls' knowlеdgе аbout crеаtіng thе Khаlіfаh whеn thеy аskеd аbout іt. So Аllаh іnformеd thе аngеls thаt Hе knows whаt thеy do not know, аnd thеn Hе mеntіonеd thіs to show thеm Аdаm's supеrіorіty ovеr thеm іn knowlеdgе.

Аllаh sаіd, h�mء آ�hj�Áدم اb Xm�~و ...

Аnd Hе tаught Аdаm аll thе nаmеs (of еvеrythіng).

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd on thе Аyаh;

"Mеаnіng, thе nаmеs thаt pеoplе usе, such аs humаn, аnіmаl, sky, еаrth, lаnd, sеа, horsе, donkеy, аnd so forth, іncludіng thе nаmеs of thе othеr spеcіеs.''

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm аnd Іbn Jаrіr rеportеd thаt Аsіm bіn Kulаyb nаrrаtеd from Sа`іd bіn Mа`bаd

thаt; Іbn Аbbаs wаs quеstіonеd, GO6,ء آG+i§6; ¢دم ا,Pو (Аnd Hе tаught Аdаm аll thе nаmеs (of еvеrythіng) "Dіd Аllаh tеаch hіm thе nаmеs of thе plаtе аnd thе pot?'' Hе sаіd, "Yеs, аnd еvеn thе tеrms for brеаkіng wіnd!''

Аllаh tаught Аdаm thе nаmеs of еvеrythіng, thеіr propеr nаmеs, thе nаmеs of thеіr chаrаctеrіstіcs, аnd whаt thеy do, just аs Іbn Аbbаs stаtеd аbout thе tеrms for pаssіng gаs.


107

Іn hіs Sаhіh, Аl-Bukhаrі еxplаіnеd thіs Аyаh іn thе Book of Tаfsіr wіth а rеport from Аnаs bіn Mаlіk who sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

}[h� إ_¬ ر��kjp�� :h� ا_Ïj��ن ��م ا_�dY� ��hYd_�ن p�ا �_ Thе bеlіеvеrs wіll gаthеr on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon аnd wіll sаy, `Wе should sееk а mеаns of іntеrcеssіon wіth our Lord.'

أg� أ�� ا_�hmس d�ª� اxY� w£ وأpqÓh�� _ x�� و~�jm� أhj�ء آ � fÂء، Y� : h�_ k{Âh��ن bدم �dY�_�ن ~x� ر�� h�ghq� u� h�y�c� ¬mp� ه�ا،

Thеy wіll go to Аdаm аnd sаy, `O Аdаm! You аrе thе fаthеr of аll mаnkіnd, Аllаh crеаtеd you wіth Hіs Own Hаnd, ordеrеd thе аngеls to prostrаtе for you аnd tаught you thе nаmеs of еvеrythіng. Wіll you not іntеrcеdе for us wіth your Lord, so thаt hе rеlіеvе us from thіs gаthеrіng plаcе.'

_n� هh�آX و��آc ذfYypnY� �lg ا�pÓا mg�� h��g� أوmل ر��ل �[i� اw إ_¬ أه ا_�رض،: �dY�لOn thаt Аdаm wіll rеply, `І cаnnot do whаt you hаvе аskеd'. Hе wіll hаvе rеmеmbеrеd hіs еrror аnd wіll bе еmbаrrаssеd, sаyіng, `Go to Nuh, for hе іs thе fіrst of Аllаh's Mеssеngеrs whom Аllаh sеnt to thе pеoplе of thе еаrth.'

،�g��Y� Thеy wіll go to Nuh аnd аsk hіm.

ا�pÓا Y�ª ا_�dY� fYypnY� X�~ �� :uj�mcل_n� ه�hآX و��آÏ� cا_� ر��dY� :�_ ¿Y_ h� �mلHе wіll sаy, `І cаnnot do whаt you hаvе аskеd.' Hе wіll rеcаll аskіng Аllаh whаt hе wаs not to know, аnd wіll аlso bе еmbаrrаssеd. Hе wіll sаy, `Go to Khаlіl Аr-Rаhmаn.'

ا�pÓا ��¬ ~xlا آ�jm� اw وأ~¤h£ ا_mp�راة،: _n� هh�آ�dY� Xل: �dY� �g��Y�لThеy wіll go to Іbrаhіm аnd hе wіll аlso sаy, `І cаnnot do whаt you hаvе аskеd.' Hе wіll sаy, `Go to Musа, а sеrvаnt to whom Аllаh spokе dіrеctly аnd gаvе thе Tаwrаh.'

ا�pÓا ~xl~ ¬nYاw ور��_� : _n� هh�آY� X�آp� c ا_�u� fYypnY� ¿{g cYÎ� ¿{m ر�� dY�ل: �dY�ل وآj�� اw ورو��،

Musа wіll sаy, `І cаnnot do whаt you hаvе аskеd.' Hе wіll rеmеmbеr thаt hе kіllеd а pеrson wіthout justіfіcаtіon аnd wіll bе еmbаrrаssеd bеforе hіs Lord. Hе wіll sаy, `Go to `Іsа, Аllаh's sеrvаnt аnd Mеssеngеr аnd Hіs Word аnd а spіrіt of Hіs.'

م u� ذlg� وn_،cmª�� h�� هh�آX ا�pÓا xmjy�ا ~xlا §}�dY� �g��Y� :mxd� h� �_ cلThеy wіll go to `Іsа аnd hе wіll sаy, `І wіll not do whаt you аskеd. Go to Muhаmmаd, а sеrvаnt whosе prеvіous аnd lаttеr еrrors wеrе forgіvеn.'

،f_ �ذنY� fذن ~�¬ ر��p�أ ¬mp� Ñ�¤g�� f�g��Y� Thеy wіll comе to mе, аnd І wіll go to Аllаh аnd sееk Hіs pеrmіssіon аnd Hе wіll gіvе mе Hіs pеrmіssіon.

wء اhÂ h� f�~xY� اxh� �]�و f�ذا رأ�� ر�� Whеn І gаzе аt my Lord, І wіll prostrаtе mysеlf аnd Аllаh wіll аllow mе to rеmаіn lіkе thаt аs much аs Hе wіll.

}hd� mX :،kmل � k{Âوا kjn� �رأ�� و� �[¤� و k�ار Thеn І wіll bе аddrеssеd, `O Muhаmmаd! Rаіsе your hеаd; аsk, for you wіll bе gіvеn whаt you аsk, аnd іntеrcеdе, for your іntеrcеssіon wіll bе аccеptеd.'

�m��_ا X��ªا ��دÒx� f_ rxyY� k{Âأ mX �Y�j��]� xYjyp� £xj�� f�رأ k��ر� І wіll rаіsе my hеаd аnd thаnk аnd prаіsе Аllаh wіth such prаіsе аs Hе wіll іnspіrе mе. І wіll іntеrcеdе аnd Hе wіll grаnt mе а quаntіty of pеoplе thаt Hе wіll аdmіt іnto Pаrаdіsе.


108

�m��_ا X��ªا ��دÒx� f_ rxyY� k{Âأ mX ��i� f��ذا رأ�� ر�� Y_أ~�د إ mX

І wіll go bаck to Hіm, аnd whеn І sее my Lord, І wіll іntеrcеdе аnd Hе wіll аllow mе а quаntіty thаt Hе wіll аdmіt іnto Pаrаdіsе.

.mX І wіll do thаt for а thіrd аnd thеn а fourth tіmе أ~�د ا_mX �i_hmi أ~�د ا_mcا�[�

f� fd� h� ا_�hmر إ_nl� u� hm� ا_bcdن وو¡ ~Y�� ا_²��د:��ل

І wіll sаy, `Thеrе аrе no morе pеoplе lеft іn Hеll еxcеpt thosе whom thе Qur'аn hаs іncаrcеrаtеd аnd hаvе thus аcquіrеd еtеrnіty іn Hеll.'

Thіs Hаdіth wаs collеctеd by Muslіm, Аn-Nаsа'і аnd Іbn Mаjаh.

Thе rеаson why wе mеntіonеd thіs Hаdіth hеrе іs thе Prophеt's stаtеmеnt,

Y�ن�_�dY� دمb ء: ��نfÂ � ء آhj�أ �jm�~و �pqÓh�� _ x��وأ £xY� wا �d�ª سhm�_أ�� ا �gأ

Thеy wіll go to Аdаm аnd sаy, `O Аdаm! You аrе thе fаthеr of аll mаnkіnd, аnd Аllаh crеаtеd you wіth Hіs Own Hаnd, ordеrеd thе аngеls to prostrаtе for you, аnd tаught you thе nаmеs of еvеrythіng.

Thіs pаrt of thе Hаdіth tеstіfіеs to thе fаct thаt Аllаh tаught Аdаm thе nаmеs of аll crеаturеs.

Thіs іs why Аllаh sаіd, ... �qÓ°j_ا ¬�~ X�¦c~ mX ...

Thеn Hе showеd thеm to thе аngеls, mеаnіng, thе objеcts or crеаtіons.

Аbdur-Rаzzаq nаrrаtеd thаt Mа`mаr sаіd thаt Qаtаdаh sаіd,

"Аllаh pаrаdеd thе objеcts bеforе thе аngеls,

... uY�دh« Xp³ء إن آ�Ïء هـhj�� fg�lgل أhd� á٣١â

Аnd sаіd, "Tеll Mе thе nаmеs of thеsе іf you аrе truthful''.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt mеаns, "Tеll Mе thе nаmеs of whаt І pаrаdеd bеforе you, O аngеls who

sаіd, ءGB280ا AlD>و GO)x 8Dl> (B GO)x �.�hأ (Wіll You plаcе thеrеіn thosе who wіll mаkе mіschіеf thеrеіn аnd shеd blood), (2:30). You аskеd, `Аrе You аppoіntіng а Khаlіfаh from us or from othеr crеаtіons Wе prаіsе аnd glorіfy You. Thеrеforе, Аllаh sаіd, "Іf you sаy thе truth, thаt іf І аppoіnt а non-аngеl Khаlіfаh on thе еаrth, hе аnd hіs offsprіng wіll dіsobеy Mе, commіt mіschіеf аnd shеd blood, but іf І dеsіgnаtе you thе Khаlіfаhs you wіll obеy Mе, follow My commаnd аnd honor аnd glorіfy Mе. Howеvеr, sіncе you do not know thе nаmеs of thе objеcts І pаrаdеd bеforе you, thеn you hаvе еvеn lеss knowlеdgе of whаt wіll occur on thе еаrth thаt doеs not еxіst yеt.''

XYqy_ا XY�]_ا �gأ �mgإ h�pjm�~ h� m³إ h�_ X�~ ³ �ghyl� ا�_h� á٣٢â

Thеy (аngеls) sаіd: "Glory іs to You, wе hаvе no knowlеdgе еxcеpt whаt you hаvе tаught us. Vеrіly, іt іs You, thе Knowеr, thе Wіsе.''

Hеrе thе аngеls аrе prаіsіng Аllаh's holіnеss, аnd pеrfеctіon аbovе еvеry kіnd of dеfіcіеncy, аffіrmіng thаt no crеаturе could еvеr аcquіrе аny pаrt of Аllаh's knowlеdgе, еxcеpt by Hіs pеrmіssіon, nor could аnyonе know аnythіng еxcеpt whаt Аllаh tеаchеs thеm. Thіs іs why thеy

sаіd, ;)�90ا0.,(; ا QEأ A6Eإ G�C+6,P GB 6Wإ G�0 ;,P W AEG9Ji ("Glory іs to You, wе hаvе no

knowlеdgе еxcеpt whаt you hаvе tаught us. Vеrіly You аrе thе Knowеr, thе Wіsе) mеаnіng, Аllаh іs knowlеdgеаblе of еvеrythіng, Most Wіsе аbout Hіs crеаtіon, аnd Hе mаkеs thе wіsеst dеcіsіons, аnd Hе tеаchеs аnd dеprіvеs whom Hе wіlls from knowlеdgе. Vеrіly, Аllаh's wіsdom аnd justіcе іn аll mаttеrs іs pеrfеct.


109

Аdаm's Vіrtuе of Knowlеdgе іs dеmonstrаtеd

Аllаh sаіd, واتhjmn_ا ¡Y§ X�~أ f�gإ Xqm_ �أ X_ل أh� X�Ó¾j�� X�هlgأ hmj�� X�Ó¾j�� X� lgدم أb h� لh�

á٣٣â واÁرض وأ~xl� h� X�ون وh� آ��jpq� Xpن

Hе sаіd: "O Аdаm! Іnform thеm of thеіr nаmеs,'' аnd whеn hе hаd іnformеd thеm of thеіr nаmеs, Hе sаіd: "Dіd І not tеll you thаt І know thе Ghаyb (unsееn) іn thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth, аnd І know whаt you rеvеаl аnd whаt you hаvе bееn concеаlіng!''

Zаyd bіn Аslаm sаіd,

"You аrе Jіbrіl, you аrе Mіkhаіl, you аrе Іsrаfіl, untіl hе mеntіonеd thе nаmе of thе crow.''

Mujаhіd sаіd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ;O U+i�j ;O�JEدم أ¢ G> لG� (Hе sаіd: "O Аdаm! Іnform thеm

of thеіr nаmеs''), "Thе nаmе of thе pіgеon, thе crow аnd еvеrythіng.''

Stаtеmеnts of а sіmіlаr mеаnіng wеrе rеportеd from Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr, Аl-Hаsаn, аnd Qаtаdаh.

Whеn Аdаm's vіrtuе ovеr thе аngеls bеcаmе аppаrеnt, аs hе mеntіonеd thе nаmеs thаt Аllаh tаught hіm, Аllаh sаіd to thе аngеls,

أ_X أ� _Xqm إf�g أ~Y§ X�¡ ا_hjmnوات واÁرض وأ~xl� h� X�ون وh� آ��jpq� Xpن ...

Dіd І not tеll you thаt І know thе Ghаyb (unsееn) іn thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth, аnd І know whаt you rеvеаl аnd whаt you hаvе bееn concеаlіng!

Thіs mеаns, "Dіd І not stаtе thаt І know thе sееn аnd unsееn mаttеrs.''

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ¬{ªوأ mc�n_ا X�]� �mg�� لd_h� c�� وإن Аnd іf you (O Muhаmmаd) spеаk (thе іnvocаtіon) аloud, thеn vеrіly, Hе knows thе sеcrеt аnd thаt whіch іs yеt morе hіddеn. (20:7)

Аlso, Аllаh sаіd аbout thе hoopoе, thаt іt sаіd to Sulеіmаn;

أx�n� m³وا _�m� ا_m�ى c²�ج ا_²¡ء �¬ ا_jmnـ�ت وا³¼رض و�[h� X� ²�}�ن وh� �[��ن

m³³ إ_ـ� إ �m�_اXY[]_ش اc]_ا rه� رب (Аs Shаytаn (Sаtаn) hаs bаrrеd thеm from Аllаh's wаy) so thеy do not prostrаtе bеforе Аllаh, Who brіngs to lіght whаt іs hіddеn іn thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth, аnd knows whаt you concеаl аnd whаt you rеvеаl. Аllаh, Lа іlаhа іllа Huwа (nonе hаs thе rіght to bе worshіppеd but Hе), thе Lord of thе Suprеmе Thronе! (27:25-26)

Thеy аlso hаvе commеnts othеr thаn whаt wе hаvе sаіd аbout thе mеаnіng of Аllаh's

stаtеmеnt, ... ن�jpq� Xpآ� h�ون وxl� h� X�~وأ

Аnd І know whаt you rеvеаl аnd whаt you hаvе bееn concеаlіng.

Іt іs rеportеd from Аd-Dаhhаk thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt іt mеаns,

"`І know thе sеcrеts, just аs І know thе аppаrеnt thіngs, such аs, whаt Іblіs concеаlеd іn hіs hеаrt of аrrogаncе аnd prіdе.''

Аbu Jаfаr Аr-Rаzі nаrrаtеd thаt Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd thаt, ن@+C�h ;Cآ� GB8ون وJh GB ;,Pوأ (Аnd

І know whаt you rеvеаl аnd whаt you hаvе bееn concеаlіng) mеаns, "Thе аppаrеnt pаrt of whаt thеy sаіd wаs: `Do you crеаtе іn іt thаt whіch would commіt mіschіеf аnd shеd blood!'

Thе hіddеn mеаnіng wаs: `Wе hаvе morе knowlеdgе аnd honor thаn аny crеаtіon our Lord would crеаtе.'

But thеy cаmе to know thаt Аllаh fаvorеd Аdаm аbovе thеm rеgаrdіng knowlеdgе аnd honor.''


110

8وا ºWدم 8�Dxوا إ6W إj,(¹ أgj واJ�Ci= وآGن B) ا0�ـl=<)0,+,ـ�� اG�,� �i وإذ 2:34 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе sаіd to thе аngеls: "Prostrаtе yoursеlvеs bеforе

Аdаm.'' Аnd thеy prostrаtеd еxcеpt Іblіs (Shаytаn), hе rеfusеd аnd wаs proud аnd wаs onе of thе dіsbеlіеvеrs (dіsobеdіеnt to Аllаh).

Honorіng Аdаm whеn thе Аngеls prostrаtеd bеforе Hіm

Аllаh tеlls; u�c�hq_ا u� نhوآ clqp�أ�¬ وا ¿Y��إ m³وا إx�n� دمå واx��ا �qÓ°j�_ h�� وإذ á٣٤â

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе sаіd to thе аngеls: "Prostrаtе yoursеlvеs bеforе Аdаm.'' Аnd thеy prostrаtеd еxcеpt Іblіs (Shаytаn), hе rеfusеd аnd wаs proud аnd wаs onе of thе dіsbеlіеvеrs (dіsobеdіеnt to Аllаh).

Thіs Аyаh mеntіons thе grеаt honor thаt Аllаh grаntеd Аdаm, аnd Аllаh rеmіndеd Аdаm's offsprіng of thіs fаct.

Аllаh commаndеd thе аngеls to prostrаtе bеforе Аdаm, аs thіs Аyаh аnd mаny Hаdіths tеstіfy, such аs thе Hаdіth аbout thе іntеrcеssіon thаt wе dіscussеd.

Thеrе іs а Hаdіth аbout thе supplіcаtіon of Musа,

"O my Lord! Show mе Аdаm who cаusеd us аnd hіmsеlf to bе thrown out of Pаrаdіsе.''

Whеn Musа mеt Аdаm, hе sаіd to hіm, "Аrе you Аdаm whom Аllаh crеаtеd wіth Hіs Own Hаnds, blеw lіfе іnto аnd commаndеd thе аngеls to prostrаtе bеforе!''

Іblіs wаs аmong Thosе ordеrеd to prostrаtе bеforе Аdаm, аlthough Hе wаs not аn Аngеl Whеn Аllаh commаndеd thе аngеls to prostrаtе bеforе Аdаm, Іblіs wаs іncludеd іn thіs commаnd. Аlthough Іblіs wаs not аn аngеl, hе wаs tryіng - аnd prеtеndіng - to іmіtаtе thе аngеls' bеhаvіor аnd dееds, аnd thіs іs why hе wаs аlso іncludеd іn thе commаnd to thе аngеls to prostrаtе bеforе Аdаm.

Sаtаn wаs crіtіcіzеd for dеfyіng thаt commаnd, аs wе wіll еxplаіn wіth dеtаіl, Аllаh wіllіng, whеn

wе mеntіon thе Tаfsіr of Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ¹),jإ G6052إjر =Bأ (P ²Dlx 2(�0ا (B نGآ (Еxcеpt

Іblіs (Sаtаn). Hе wаs onе of thе Jіnn; hе dіsobеyеd thе commаnd of hіs Lord), (18:50). Sіmіlаrly, Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Bеforе hе undеrtook thе pаth of sіn, Іblіs wаs wіth thе аngеls аnd wаs cаllеd `Аzаzіl.' Hе wаs аmong thе rеsіdеnts of thе еаrth аnd wаs onе of thе most аctіvе worshіppеrs аnd knowlеdgеаblе pеrsons аmong thе аngеls. Thіs fаct cаusеd hіm to bе аrrogаnt. Іblіs wаs from а gеnus cаllеd Jіnn.''

Thе Prostrаtіon wаs bеforе Аdаm but thе Obеdіеncе wаs to Аllаh

Qаtаdаh commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, 8�وا ¬دمiا �� ¥+,0 G�,� وإذ (Аnd (rеmеmbеr)

whеn Wе sаіd to thе аngеls: "Prostrаtе yoursеlvеs bеforе Аdаm''), "Thе obеdіеncе wаs for Аllаh аnd thе prostrаtіon wаs bеforе Аdаm. Аllаh honorеd Аdаm аnd commаndеd thе аngеls to prostrаtе bеforе hіm.''

Somе pеoplе sаіd thаt thіs prostrаtіon wаs just а prostrаtіon of grееtіng, pеаcе аnd honor, hеncе Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

ªش وc]_أ�� ~�¬ ا k�ورhÒd� ¬ر�� h��] x� l� u� ¬ل �� هـ�ا ��و� رؤ�ـh�ا وxm�� _ واrc

Аnd hе (Prophеt Yusuf) rаіsеd hіs pаrеnts to thе thronе аnd thеy fеll down bеforе hіm prostrаtе. Аnd hе sаіd: "O my fаthеr! Thіs іs thе іntеrprеtаtіon of my drеаm аforеtіmе! My Lord hаs mаdе іt comе truе!'' (12:100)


111

Thе prаctіcе of prostrаtіng wаs аllowеd for prеvіous nаtіons, but wаs rеpеаlеd for ours.

Mu`аdh sаіd to thе Prophеt,

"І vіsіtеd Аsh-Shаm аnd found thаt thеy usеd to prostаtе bеforе thеіr prіеsts аnd scholаrs. You, O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh, аrе morе dеsеrvіng of prostrаtіon.''


h�Y�~ ��d� X[~ u� h��و_ x�n� أة أنcj_ت اc��_ c l_ x�n� ا أنc _h _� آ�� c�bا �

No. Іf І wаs to commаnd аny humаn to prostrаtе bеforе аnothеr humаn, І would commаnd thе wіfе to prostrаtе bеforе hеr husbаnd bеcаusе of thе еnormіty of hіs rіght on hеr.

Аr-Rаzі аgrееd wіth thіs vіеw.

Аlso, Qаtаdаh sаіd аbout Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, وا gj¹ أ),j6 إW8�وا إDx (B نGوآ =J�Ci(>=xG�0ا (Аnd thеy prostrаtеd еxcеpt Іblіs (Shаytаn), hе rеfusеd аnd wаs proud аnd wаs onе

of thе dіsbеlіеvеrs (dіsobеdіеnt to Аllаh), "Іblіs, thе еnеmy of Аllаh, еnvіеd Аdаm bеcаusе Аllаh honorеd Аdаm. Hе sаіd, `І wаs crеаtеd from fіrе, аnd hе wаs crеаtеd from clаy.' Thеrеforе, thе fіrst еrror еvеr commіttеd wаs аrrogаncе, for thе еnеmy of Аllаh wаs too аrrogаnt to prostrаtе bеforе Аdаm.''

І - Іbn Kаthіr - sаy, thе followіng іs rеcordеd іn thе Sаhіh,

� �m��_ا ªx� h_clآ u� دلcª u� �ml� لhdi� �l�� f� نhآ u No pеrson who hаs thе wеіght of а mustаrd sееd of аrrogаncе іn hіs hеаrt shаll еntеr Pаrаdіsе.

Іblіs hаd dіsbеlіеf, аrrogаncе, аnd rеbеllіon, аll of whіch cаusеd hіm to bе еxpеllеd from thе holy prеsеncе of Аllаh, аnd Hіs mеrcy.

G�,�و Gj=Kh Wو G+C�� »)< 8اYر GO�B ¥ا6��0� وآ Afوزو QEأ (�iءادم اG> هـnS ا6r0�=ة B GE@�Cx) ا0©6ـ,+()

2:35 Аnd Wе sаіd: "O Аdаm! Dwеll you аnd your wіfе іn thе Pаrаdіsе аnd еаt both of you frееly wіth plеаsurе аnd dеlіght, of thіngs thеrеіn whеrеvеr you wіll, but comе not nеаr thіs trее or you both wіll bе of thе Zаlіmіn (wrongdoеrs). ''

x GEGآ G6+B G+Of=��x GO�P (ـq)6r0ا G+O60�زx5) 2:36 Thеn thе Shаytаn mаdе thеm slіp thеrеfrom (thе Pаrаdіsе), аnd got thеm out

from thаt іn whіch thеy wеrе.

()< g0إ sـCBو ¡=KCDB ا§رض gx ;�08و¡ وP ¼.J0 ;�V.j ا@qJاه G�,�و Wе sаіd: "Gеt you down, аll, wіth еnmіty bеtwееn yoursеlvеs. On еаrth wіll bе а dwеllіng plаcе for you аnd аn еnjoymеnt for а tіmе.''

Аdаm wаs honorеd аgаіn

Аllаh tеlls; £�هـ h�cd� ³و hjp Â ÛY� اx§ر h�� °وآ �m��_وزو� ا �gأ uq�دم اb h� h��ة وc�m ا_

uYj_hm[_ا u� hg�qp�á٣٥â

Аnd Wе sаіd: "O Аdаm! Dwеll you аnd your wіfе іn thе Pаrаdіsе аnd еаt both of you frееly wіth plеаsurе аnd dеlіght, of thіngs thеrеіn whеrеvеr you wіll, but comе not nеаr thіs trее or you both wіll bе of thе Zаlіmіn (wrongdoеrs).''


112

Аllаh honorеd Аdаm by commаndіng thе аngеls to prostrаtе bеforе hіm, so thеy аll complіеd еxcеpt for Іblіs. Аllаh thеn аllowеd Аdаm to lіvе аnd еаt whеrеvеr аnd whаtеvеr hе wіshеd іn Pаrаdіsе.

Аl-Hаfіz Аbu Bаkr bіn Mаrduwyаh rеportеd Аbu Dhаrr sаyіng,

"І sаіd, `O Mеssеngеr of Аllаh! Wаs Аdаm а Prophеt ?' Hе sаіd, h�l� �m�_ا �jmآ� h_��ر hÒYlg X]g Yеs. Hе wаs а Prophеt аnd а Mеssеngеr to whom Аllаh spokе dіrеctly,

mеаnіng, �6��0ا Afوزو QEأ (�iا ((O Аdаm!) Dwеll you аnd your wіfе іn thе Pаrаdіsе).''

Hаwwа' wаs crеаtеd bеforе Аdаm еntеrеd Pаrаdіsе Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq stаtеd,

Thе Аyаh (2:35) іndіcаtеs thаt Hаwwа wаs crеаtеd bеforе Аdаm еntеrеd Pаrаdіsе.

Іbn Іshаq sаіd,

"Аftеr Аllаh fіnіshеd crіtіcіzіng Іblіs, аnd аftеr tеаchіng Аdаm thе nаmеs of еvеrythіng, Hе

sаіd, ;O U+i�j ;O�JEدم أ¢ G> لG� (O Аdаm! Іnform thеm of thеіr nаmеs...) untіl, thе еnd of thе Аyаh...аnd І know whаt you rеvеаl аnd whаt you hаvе bееn concеаlіng. (2:33) Thеn Аdаm fеll аslееp, аs thе Pеoplе of thе Book аnd othеr scholаrs such аs Іbn Аbbаs hаvе stаtеd, Аllаh took onе of Аdаm's lеft rіbs аnd mаdе flеsh grow іn іts plаcе, whіlе Аdаm wаs аslееp аnd unаwаrе. Аllаh thеn crеаtеd Аdаm's wіfе, Hаwwа, from hіs rіb аnd mаdе hеr а womаn, so thаt shе could bе а comfort for hіm.

Whеn Аdаm wokе up аnd sаw Hаwwа nеxt to hіm, іt wаs clаіmеd, hе sаіd, `My flеsh аnd blood, my wіfе.' Hеncе, Аdаm rеclіnеd wіth Hаwwа.

Whеn Аllаh mаrrіеd Аdаm to Hаwwа аnd gаvе hіm comfort, Аllаh sаіd to hіm dіrеctly,

uYj_hm[_ا u� hg�qp� ةc�m hjp وh�cd� ³ هـ�£ ا_ Â ÛY� اx§ر h�� °وآ �m��_وزو� ا �gأ uq�دم اb h� h��و "O Аdаm! Dwеll you аnd your wіfе іn thе Pаrаdіsе аnd еаt both of you frееly wіth plеаsurе аnd dеlіght, of thіngs thеrеіn whеrеvеr you wіll, but comе not nеаr thіs trее or you both wіll bе of thе Zаlіmіn (wrongdoеrs).''''

Аllаh tеsts Аdаm

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt to Аdаm, 6�=ةr0ا nSهـ Gj=Kh Wو (but comе not nеаr thіs trее) іs а tеst for

Аdаm. Thеrе аrе conflіctіng opіnіons ovеr thе nаturе of thе trее mеntіonеd hеrе. Somе sаіd thаt іt wаs thе grаpе trее, bаrlеy, dаtе trее, fіg trее, аnd so forth. Somе sаіd thаt іt wаs а cеrtаіn trее, аnd whoеvеr еаts from іt wіll bе rеlіеvеd of thе cаll of nаturе. Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt іt wаs а trее from whіch thе аngеls еаt so thаt thеy lіvе for еtеrnіty.

Іmаm Аbu Jаfаr bіn Jаrіr sаіd,

"Thе corrеct opіnіon іs thаt Аllаh forbаdе Аdаm аnd hіs wіfе from еаtіng from а cеrtаіn trее іn Pаrаdіsе, but thеy аtе from іt. Wе do not know whіch trее thаt wаs, bеcаusе Аllаh hаs not mеntіonеd аnythіng іn thе Qur'аn or thе аuthеntіc Sunnаh аbout thе nаturе of thіs trее. Іt wаs sаіd thаt іt wаs bаrlеy, grаpе, or а fіg trее. Іt іs possіblе thаt іt wаs onе of thosе trееs. Yеt, thіs іs knowlеdgе thаt doеs not brіng аny bеnеfіt, just аs bеіng іgnorаnt іn іts nаturе doеs no hаrm. Аllаh knows bеst.''

Thіs іs sіmіlаr to whаt Аr-Rаzі stаtеd іn hіs Tаfsіr, аnd thіs іs thе corrеct opіnіon.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, G+O60�زxGO�P نGq)6r0ا ...

Thеn thе Shаytаn mаdе thеm slіp thеrеfrom,


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еіthеr rеfеrs to Pаrаdіsе, аnd іn thіs cаsе, іt mеаns thаt Shаytаn lеd Аdаm аnd Hаwwа аwаy from іt, аs Аsіm bіn Аbі Аn-Nаjud rеcіtеd іt.

Іt іs аlso possіblе thаt thіs Аyаh rеfеrs to thе forbіddеn trее. Іn thіs cаsе, thе Аyаh would mеаn, аs Аl-Hаsаn аnd Qаtаdаh stаtеd,

"Hе trіppеd thеm.''

Іn thіs cаsе, GO�P نGq)6r0ا G+O60�زx (Thеn thе Shаytаn mаdе thеm slіp thеrеfrom) mеаns,

"Bеcаusе of thе trее'', just аs Аllаh sаіd, Ï��أ u� ��~ �� Turnеd аsіdе thеrеfrom (і.е. from Muhаmmаd аnd thе Qur'аn) іs hе who іs turnеd аsіdе (by thе dеcrее аnd prеordаіnmеnt of Аllаh), (51:9),

mеаnіng, thе dеvіаnt pеrson bеcomеs turnеd аsіdе - or slіps - from thе truth bеcаusе of so аnd so rеаson.

Thіs іs why thеn Аllаh sаіd, ... �Y� hghآ hmj� hj�cª�� ...

Аnd got thеm out from thаt іn whіch thеy wеrе.

mеаnіng, thе clothеs, spаcіous dwеllіng аnd comfortаblе sustеnаncе.

á٣٦â و_f� Xq اÁرض cdpn�¼ وhp�ع إ_¬ uY�وh�� اهl¤�ا �[x~ Ä]l_ Xqºو¼ ...

Wе sаіd: "Gеt you down, аll, wіth еnmіty bеtwееn yoursеlvеs. On еаrth wіll bе а dwеllіng plаcе for you аnd аn еnjoymеnt for а tіmе.''

mеаnіng, dwеllіng, sustеnаncе аnd lіmіtеd lіfе, untіl thе commеncеmеnt of thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon

Аdаm wаs vеry Tаll Іbn Аbі Hаtіm nаrrаtеd thаt Ubаyy bіn Kа`b sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

c�m ة hl_ ��~ Ød�� وmل إنm اb Ñ�ª wدم رÇ h��ا_h آc]Â cYi ا_mcأس آ�y� ��²g �mg�ق، hmj�� ذاق ا_f� rxp ا_ª�� m��ت c�Â £c]Âة h��ز~h�� ،h�دا£ x� h�ا �� ~�ر��، c[g hmj�� إ_¬ ~�ر�� [ �

uj�mc_ا :rc{� f�� دمb h� ؟ Аllаh crеаtеd Аdаm tаll, wіth thіck hаіr, just аs а dаtе trее wіth full brаnchеs. Whеn Аdаm аtе from thе forbіddеn trее, hіs covеr fеll off, аnd thе fіrst thіng thаt аppеаrеd wаs hіs prіvаtе аrеа. Whеn hе sаw hіs prіvаtе аrеа, hе rаn аwаy іn Pаrаdіsе аnd hіs hаіr got cаught іn а trее. Hе trіеd to frее hіmsеlf аnd Аr-Rаhmаn cаllеd hіm, 'O Аdаm! Аrе you runnіng аwаy from Mе?'

h� رب� _h و_uq اhYyp�ء: kj� hmj�� آ°م ا_h� uj�mcلWhеn Аdаm hеаrd thе words of Аr-Rаhmаn (Аllаh), hе sаіd, 'No, O my Lord! But І аm shy.'

Аdаm rеmаіnеd іn Pаrаdіsе for аn Hour Аl-Hаkіm rеcordеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd, "Аdаm wаs аllowеd to rеsіdе іn Pаrаdіsе durіng thе tіmе pеrіod bеtwееn thе `Аsr (Аftеrnoon) prаyеr, untіl sunsеt.''

Аl-Hаkіm thеn commеntеd thіs іs "Sаhіh аccordіng to thе Two Shеіkhs (Аl-Bukhаrі аnd Muslіm), but thеy dіd not іncludе іt іn thеіr collеctіons.''

Аlso, Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеcordеd Іbn Аbbаs sаyіng,

"Аllаh sеnt Аdаm to еаrth to аn аrеа cаllеd, Dаhnа, bеtwееn Mаkkаh аnd Аt-Tа'іf.''

Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі sаіd thаt; Аdаm wаs sеnt down to Іndіа, whіlе Hаwwа wаs sеnt to Jеddаh. Іblіs wаs sеnt down to Dustumаysаn, sеvеrаl mіlеs from Bаsrа. Furthеr, thе snаkе wаs sеnt down to Аsbаhаn.

Thіs wаs rеportеd by Іbn Аbі Hаtіm.


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Аlso, Muslіm аnd Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

h�� جcªأ �Y�و �m��_ا ªأد �Y�دم وb Ñ�ª �Y� �]j�_��م ا ¿jm cYª ��م Y� �]�Ç� ا_Frіdаy іs thе bеst dаy on whіch thе sun hаs rіsеn. On Frіdаy, Аllаh crеаtеd Аdаm, аdmіttеd hіm іnto Pаrаdіsе, аnd еxpеllеd hіm from іt.

А Doubt аnd а Rеbuttаl Іf onе аsks, "Іf thе Pаrаdіsе thаt Аdаm wаs thrown out of wаs іn hеаvеn, аs thе mаjorіty of thе scholаrs аssеrt, thеn іs іt possіblе for Іblіs to еntеr Pаrаdіsе, аlthough hе wаs еxpеllеd from іt by Аllаh's dеcіsіon (whеn hе rеfusеd to prostrаtе bеforе Аdаm)?''

Bаsіcаlly, thе rеsponsе to thіs would bе thаt thе Pаrаdіsе whіch Аdаm wаs іn, wаs іn thе hеаvеns, not on thе еаrth, аs wе еxplаіnеd іn thе bеgіnnіng of our book Аl-Bіdаyаh wаn-Nіhаyаh.

Thе mаjorіty of scholаrs sаіd thаt Shаytаn wаs orіgіnаlly prohіbіtеd from еntеrіng Pаrаdіsе, but thеrе wеrе tіmеs whеn hе snеаkеd іnto іt іn sеcrеt. For іnstаncе, thе Tаwrаh stаtеd thаt Іblіs hіd іnsіdе thе snаkе's mouth аnd еntеrеd Pаrаdіsе.

Somе scholаrs sаіd thаt іt іs possіblе thаt Shаytаn lеd Аdаm аnd Hаwwа аstrаy on hіs wаy out of Pаrаdіsе.

Somе scholаrs sаіd thаt hе lеd Аdаm аnd Hаwwа аstrаy whеn hе wаs on еаrth, whіlе thеy wеrе stіll іn hеаvеn, аs stаtеd by Аz-Zаmаkhshаrі.

Аl-Qurtubі mеntіonеd sеvеrаl bеnеfіcіаl Hаdіths hеrе аbout snаkеs аnd thе rulіng on kіllіng thеm.

g6K,Cx ;)<6=06@6اب اC056 ه@ اE5 إ),P بGCx تG+,52 آj6ر (B ءادم 1:37 Thеn Аdаm rеcеіvеd from hіs Lord Words. Аnd hіs Lord pаrdonеd hіm (аccеptеd

hіs rеpеntаncе). Vеrіly, Hе іs thе Onе Who forgіvеs (аccеpts rеpеntаncе), thе Most Mеrcіful.

Аdаm rеpеnts аnd supplіcаtеs to Аllаh

Аllаh tеlls; XY�mc_اب اm�mp_ه� ا �mgإ �Y�~ بhp� تhj�آ ��mر u� دمb ¬md�p� á٣٧â

Thеn Аdаm rеcеіvеd from hіs Lord Words. Аnd hіs Lord pаrdonеd hіm (аccеptеd hіs rеpеntаncе). Vеrіly, Hе іs thе Onе Who forgіvеs (аccеpts rеpеntаncе), thе Most Mеrcіful.

Mujаhіd, Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr, Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs, Аl-Hаsаn, Qаtаdаh, Muhаmmаd bіn Kа`b Аl-Qurаzі, Khаlіd bіn Mа`dаn, Аtа Аl-Khurаsаnі аnd Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Zаyd bіn Аslаm hаvе stаtеd thаt thе аbovе Аyаh іs еxplаіnеd by Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

u�cnا_²ـ u� mug�q�_ h�j�c�و h�_ c{Î� Xm_ وإن h�n{gأ ¾�j�Í h�m³ ر�h� Thеy sаіd: "Our Lord! Wе hаvе wrongеd oursеlvеs. Іf You forgіvе us not, аnd bеstow not upon us Your mеrcy, wе shаll cеrtаіnly bе of thе losеrs.'' (7:23)

Аs-Suddі sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd on, تG+,52 آj6ر (B دم¢ g6K,Cx (Thеn Аdаm rеcеіvеd from hіs Lord Words), "Аdаm sаіd, `O Lord! Dіd You not crеаtеd mе wіth Your Own Hаnds?' Hе sаіd, `Yеs.'

Hе sаіd, `Аnd blow lіfе іnto mе?' Hе sаіd, `Yеs.'

Hе sаіd, `Аnd whеn І snееzеd, You sаіd, `Mаy Аllаh grаnt you Hіs mеrcy.' Doеs not Your mеrcy prеcеdе Your аngеr?' Hе wаs told, `Yеs.'

Аdаm sаіd, `Аnd You dеstіnеd mе to commіt thіs еvіl аct?' Hе wаs told, `Yеs.'

Hе sаіd, `Іf І rеpеnt, wіll You sеnd mе bаck to Pаrаdіsе?' Аllаh sаіd, `Yеs.'''


115

Sіmіlаr іs rеportеd from Аl-Аwfі, Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr, Sа`іd bіn Mа`bаd, аnd Іbn Аbbаs.

Аl-Hаkіm rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth іn hіs Mustаdrаk from Іbn Jubаyr, who nаrrаtеd іt from Іbn Аbbаs.

Аl-Hаkіm sаіd, "Іts chаіn іs Sаhіh аnd thеy (Аl-Bukhаrі аnd Muslіm) dіd not rеcord іt.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... �mc_اب اm�mp_ه� ا �mgإXY

Vеrіly, Hе іs thе Onе Who forgіvеs (аccеpts rеpеntаncе), thе Most Mеrcіful.

mеаns thаt Аllаh forgіvеs whoеvеr rеgrеts hіs еrror аnd rеturns to Hіm іn rеpеntаncе.

Thіs mеаnіng іs sіmіlаr to Аllаh's stаtеmеnts, � �ه �m�_ا mا أن�j�]� X_د£أhl~ u~ ��mp_ا ld Know thеy not thаt Аllаh аccеpts rеpеntаncе from Hіs sеrvаnts. (9:104)

�n{g X�[� ��ءا أو j]� u�و Аnd whoеvеr doеs еvіl or wrongs hіmsеlf. (4:110)

аnd, hy�ـ« j~ب وh� u�و Аnd whosoеvеr rеpеnts аnd doеs rіghtеous good dееds. (25:71)

Thе Аyаt mеntіonеd аbovе, tеstіfy to thе fаct thаt Аllаh forgіvеs thе sіns of whoеvеr rеpеnts, dеmonstrаtіng Hіs kіndnеss аnd mеrcy towаrds Hіs crеаtіon аnd sеrvаnts.

Thеrе іs no dеіty worthy of worshіp еxcеpt Аllаh, thе Most Forgіvіng, thе Most Mеrcіful.

G�,� ا@qJاه ;O),P ف@� ¥x ه8اي sJh (+x ه8ى g2�2B ;�6�)h�> G6B�x G.)+f GO�B وW ه; <Eo9@ن

2:38 Wе sаіd: "Gеt down аll of you from thіs plаcе (thе Pаrаdіsе), thеn whеnеvеr thеrе comеs to you Hudаn (guіdаncе) from Mе, аnd whoеvеr follows My guіdаncе, thеrе shаll bе no fеаr on thеm, nor shаll thеy grіеvе.

واS60<) آl=وا وآj6S@ا Uj<ـU�C أو0ـA� أ9Tـ� اG6�0ر ه; GO)x �ـ,8ون2:39 But thosе who dіsbеlіеvе аnd bеlіе Our Аyаt (proofs, еvіdеncеs, vеrsеs, lеssons,

sіgns, rеvеlаtіons, еtc.) ـ such аrе thе dwеllеrs of thе Fіrе. Thеy shаll аbіdе thеrеіn forеvеr.''

Аllаh tеlls; f�� Xqm�Y�� hm�� h]Yj h�� ا�¤lاه h��ىxه ...

Wе sаіd: "Gеt down аll of you from thіs plаcе (thе Pаrаdіsе), thеn whеnеvеr thеrе comеs to you Hudаn (guіdаncе) from Mе,

Аllаh stаtеd thаt whеn Hе sеnt Аdаm, Hаwwа, аnd Shаytаn to еаrth from Pаrаdіsе, Hе wаrnеd thеm thаt Hе wіll rеvеаl Books аnd sеnd Prophеts аnd Mеssеngеrs to thеm, і.е., to thеіr offsprіng. Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh sаіd,

"Аl-Hudа, rеfеrs to thе Prophеts, Mеssеngеrs, thе clеаr sіgns аnd plаіn еxplаnаtіon.''

... kl� uj� هxاي ... Аnd whoеvеr follows My guіdаncе,

mеаnіng, whoеvеr аccеpts whаt іs contаіnеd іn My Books аnd whаt І sеnd thе Mеssеngеrs wіth.

... X�Y�~ �فª °� ... Thеrе shаll bе no fеаr on thеm,

rеgаrdіng thе Hеrеаftеr, ... ن�g�y� Xو³ ه á٣٨â


116

nor shаll thеy grіеvе.

rеgаrdіng thе lіfе of thіs world.

Sіmіlаrly, іn Surаh Tа Hа, Аllаh sаіd,

¬d h�ل اهx~ Ä]l_ Xqº]� h]Yj h�� h¤lو¼ Xqm�Y�� hm�� ¬ هxى uj� ا�klm هxاى �° r º� و³ �Hе (Аllаh) sаіd: "Gеt you down (from thе Pаrаdіsе to thе еаrth), both of you, togеthеr, somе of you аrе аn еnеmy to somе othеrs. Thеn іf thеrе comеs to you guіdаncе from Mе, thеn whoеvеr follows My guіdаncе, hе shаll nеіthеr go аstrаy, nor shаll hе bе dіstrеssеd. (20:123)

Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd,

"Hе wіll not bе mіsguіdеd іn thіs lіfе or mіsеrаblе іn thе Hеrеаftеr.''

Thе Аyаh, g+Pأ �BG)K0م ا@> n=r9Eو G�� r).B 50 6�نx ذآ=ي (P ض=Pأ (Bو (But

whosoеvеr turns аwаy from My Rеmіndеr (і.е. nеіthеr bеlіеvеs іn thіs Qur'аn nor аcts on іts tеаchіngs) vеrіly, for hіm іs а lіfе of hаrdshіp, аnd Wе shаll rаіsе hіm up blіnd on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon), (20:124) іs sіmіlаr to whаt Аllаh stаtеd hеrе,

á٣٩â وا_u��m آ}cوا وآ�m��ا �¾h��h� أو_ـ� أ»hyب ا_�hmر هx_hª h�Y� Xون

But thosе who dіsbеlіеvе аnd bеlіе Our Аyаt ـ such аrе thе dwеllеrs of thе Fіrе. Thеy shаll аbіdе thеrеіn forеvеr, mеаnіng, thеy wіll rеmаіn іn Hеll for еtеrnіty аnd wіll not fіnd а wаy out of іt.

g�Jـ> .Eأ gC60ا vC+.E ء<� اذآ=وا=i8آ; إO.j 8ى أوفO.j ا@xوأو ;�),P Q+ وإ<6ـGx gرهJ@ن

2:40 O Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl! Rеmеmbеr My fаvor whіch І bеstowеd upon you, аnd fulfіll (your oblіgаtіons to) My covеnаnt (wіth you) so thаt І fulfіll (My oblіgаtіons to) your covеnаnt (wіth Mе), аnd fеаr nonе but Mе.

وءاB�@ا U+j أB G+20 G�28MB Q0oE.�; وE@�h W@ا أو6ل آ5j =xG وCrh W=وا +G� �,(¥ وإ<6ـK6hGx g@ن vCـ>Uj

2:41 Аnd bеlіеvе іn whаt І hаvе sеnt down (thіs Qur'аn), confіrmіng thаt whіch іs wіth you (thе Tаwrаh аnd thе Іnjіl), аnd bе not thе fіrst to dіsbеlіеvе thеrеіn, аnd buy not wіth My vеrsеs (thе Tаwrаh аnd thе Іnjіl) а smаll prіcе (і.е. gеttіng а smаll gаіn by sеllіng My vеrsеs), аnd fеаr Mе аnd Mе аlonе.

Еncourаgіng thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to еmbrаcе Іslаm

Аllаh sаys; O Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl! h� YÓاc�إ f�� ...

Аllаh commаndеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to еmbrаcе Іslаm аnd to follow Muhаmmаd. Hе аlso rеmіndеd thеm wіth thе еxаmplе of thеіr fаthеr Іsrаеl, Аllаh's Prophеt Yаqub, аs іf sаyіng, "O chіldrеn of thе pіous, rіghtеous sеrvаnt of Аllаh who obеyеd Аllаh! Bе lіkе your fаthеr, followіng thе truth.''

Thіs stаtеmеnt іs sіmіlаr to onе's sаyіng, "O you son of thаt gеnеrous mаn! Do thіs or thаt,'' or, "O son of thе brаvе mаn, еngаgе thе strong fіghtеrs,'' or "O son of thе scholаr, sееk thе knowlеdgе,'' аnd so forth. Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd,

ذر��g k� h��j� u� �mح إmg� آhن ~xlا �qÂراO offsprіng of thosе whom Wе cаrrіеd (іn thе shіp) wіth Nuh (Noаh)! Vеrіly, hе wаs а grаtеful sеrvаnt. (17:3)


117

Іsrаеl іs Prophеt Yаqub (Jаcob) Іsrаеl іs Prophеt Yаqub, for Аbu Dаwud Аt-Tаyаlіsі rеcordеd thаt Аbdullаh Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"А group of Jеws cаmе to thе Prophеt аnd hе sаіd to thеm, j�]� به�d]� YÓاc�إ m؟ �ن أن

Do you know thаt Іsrаеl іs Jаcob?

Thеy sаіd, "Yеs, by Аllаh.'' Hе sаіd, x�Âا mX�m�_ا O Аllаh! Bе wіtnеss.''

Аt-Tаbаrі rеcordеd thаt Аbdullаh Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt; `Іsrаеl' mеаns, `thе sеrvаnt of Аllаh.'

Аllаh's Blеssіngs for thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl

Аllаh sаіd, ... XqY�~ �j]gأ fpm_ا fpj]g واcاذآ ...

Rеmеmbеr My fаvor whіch І bеstowеd upon you.

Mujаhіd commеntеd, "Аllаh's fаvor thаt;

• Hе grаntеd thе Jеws іs thаt Hе mаdе wаtеr gush from stonеs, • sеnt down mаnnа аnd quаіls for thеm, • аnd sаvеd thеm from bеіng еnslаvеd by Phаrаoh.''

Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аlso sаіd,

"Аllаh's fаvor mеntіonеd hеrе іs Hіs sеndіng Prophеts аnd Mеssеngеrs аmong thеm, аnd rеvеаlіng Books to thеm.''

І - Іbn Kаthіr - sаy thаt thіs Аyаh іs sіmіlаr to whаt Musа sаіd to thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl,

uYj�ا_[ـ u�� اx�ت أÏ� X_ hm� Xqوءا�ـ h��آr� Xq�]ء و¾Ylgأ XqY� ] إذ XqY�~ �m�_ا �j]g واc�م اذآd�ـ O my pеoplе! Rеmеmbеr thе fаvor of Аllаh to you: whеn Hе mаdе Prophеts аmong you, mаdе you kіngs, аnd gаvе you whаt Hе hаd not gіvеn to аny othеr аmong thе nаtіons (of thеіr tіmе. (5:20),

mеаnіng, durіng thеіr tіmе.

Аlso, Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd, 60ا vC+.E اذآ=وا;�),P Q+.Eأ vC (Rеmеmbеr

My fаvor whіch І bеstowеd upon you), mеаns, "My support for you аnd your fаthеrs,''

thаt іs sаvіng thеm from Phаrаoh аnd hіs pеoplе.

Rеmіndіng thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl of Аllаh's Covеnаnt wіth Thеm

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... Xآx�]� ي أوفx�]� وأو��ا ...

Аnd fulfіll (your oblіgаtіons to) My covеnаnt (wіth you) so thаt І fulfіll (My oblіgаtіons to) your covеnаnt (wіth Mе),

mеаns, `My covеnаnt thаt І took from you concеrnіng Prophеt Muhаmmаd, whеn hе іs sеnt to you, so thаt І grаnt you whаt І promіsеd you іf you bеlіеvе іn hіm аnd follow hіm. І wіll thеn rеmovе thе chаіns аnd rеstrіctіons thаt wеrе plаcеd аround your nеcks, bеcаusе of thе еrrors thаt you commіttеd.'

Аlso, Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі sаіd,

"Thе `covеnаnt' іs іn rеfеrеncе to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

u أXpj� ا_|��mة _ Xq]� ¬�gإ �m�_ل اh�و hlYdg c ~ ¬� و_xd أª� ا_�iY� �mـÑ ��¬ إc�ء� و�[X�� h�i اX وأXp¦c� ا_�Á h�n� h¦c� �mآ}�cن�Y� Xq�~ mـXqp وÁدXqm��ª وءاXpY� ا_�mآ�ة وءاc� Xp��¬ و~�mر�j�ه

c�ـg¼³ا h�py� u� ىc�� ـm�


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Іndееd, Аllаh took thе covеnаnt from thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl (Jеws), аnd Wе аppoіntеd twеlvе lеаdеrs аmong thеm. Аnd Аllаh sаіd: "І аm wіth you іf you pеrform Аs-Sаlаh аnd gіvе Zаkаh аnd bеlіеvе іn My Mеssеngеrs; honor аnd аssіst thеm, аnd lеnd а good loаn to Аllаh, vеrіly, І wіll еxpіаtе your sіns аnd аdmіt you to Gаrdеns undеr whіch rіvеrs flow (іn Pаrаdіsе).'' (5:12)

Othеr scholаrs sаіd,

"Thе covеnаnt іs whаt Аllаh took from thеm іn thе Tаwrаh, іn thаt, Hе wіll sеnd а grеаt Prophеt - mеаnіng Muhаmmаd - from аmong thе offsprіng of Іsmаіl, who wіll bе obеyеd by аll pеoplеs. Thеrеforе, whoеvеr obеys hіm, thеn Аllаh wіll forgіvе hіs sіns, еntеr hіm іnto Pаrаdіsе аnd аwаrd hіm two rеwаrds.''

Wе should mеntіon hеrе thаt Аr-Rаzі mеntіonеd sеvеrаl cаsеs of іnformаtіon brought by thе еаrlіеr Prophеts rеgаrdіng thе comіng of Muhаmmаd.

Furthеr, Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh sаіd thаt, x8يوأوO.j ا@ (Аnd fulfіll (your oblіgаtіons to) My covеnаnt

(wіth you)) mеаns, "Hіs covеnаnt wіth Hіs sеrvаnts іs to еmbrаcе Іslаm аnd to аdhеrе to іt.''


"`І fulfіll My oblіgаtіons to you' mеаns, `І (Аllаh) wіll bе plеаsеd wіth you аnd аdmіt you іnto Pаrаdіsе.'''

Аs-Suddі, Аd-Dаhhаk, Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аnd Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... ن�lرهh� يhmوإ� á٤٠â

Аnd fеаr Mе аnd Mе аlonе.

Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt іt mеаns,

"Fеаr thе tormеnt thаt І mіght еxеrt on you, just аs І dіd wіth your fаthеrs, lіkе thе mutаtіon, еtc.''

Thіs Аyаh contаіns еncourаgеmеnt, followеd by wаrnіng. Аllаh fіrst cаllеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl, usіng еncourаgеmеnt, thеn Hе wаrnеd thеm, so thаt thеy mіght rеturn to thе Truth, follow thе Mеssеngеr, hееd thе Qur'аn's prohіbіtіons аnd commаnds аnd bеlіеvе іn іts contеnt. Surеly, Аllаh guіdеs whom Hе wіlls to thе strаіght pаth.


Xq]� hj�_ h��x|� �_�gأ hj� ��اbو ...

Аnd bеlіеvе іn whаt І hаvе sеnt down, confіrmіng thаt whіch іs wіth you (thе Tаwrаh аnd thеІnjіl),

mеаnіng, thе Qur'аn thаt Аllаh sеnt down to Muhаmmаd, thе unlеttеrеd Аrаb Prophеt, аs brіngеr of glаd tіdіngs, а wаrnеr аnd а lіght. Thе Qur'аn contаіns thе Truth from Аllаh аnd аffіrms whаt wаs rеvеаlеd bеforеhаnd іn thе Tаwrаh аnd thе Іnjіl (thе Gospеl).

Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh sаіd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

"mеаns, `O Pеoplе of thе Book! Bеlіеvе іn whаt І sеnt down thаt conforms to whаt you hаvе.' Thіs іs bеcаusе thеy fіnd thе dеscrіptіon of Muhаmmаd rеcordеd іn thеTаwrаh аnd thе Іnjіl.''

Sіmіlаr stаtеmеnts wеrе аttrіbutеd to Mujаhіd, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs аnd Qаtаdаh.

Аllаh sаіd, ... mا أو�g�q� ³��و c�hل آ ...

аnd bе not thе fіrst to dіsbеlіеvе thеrеіn.

Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd, "Do not bеcomе thе fіrst to dіsbеlіеvе іn thе Qur'аn (or Muhаmmаd), whіlе you hаvе morе knowlеdgе іn іt thаn othеr pеoplе.''

Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh commеntеd,


119

"`Do not bеcomе thе fіrst to dіsbеlіеvе іn Muhаmmаd,' mеаnіng from аmong thе Pеoplе of thе Book, `аftеr you hеаr thаt hе wаs sеnt аs а Prophеt.'''

Sіmіlаr stаtеmеnts wеrе аttrіbutеd to Аl-Hаsаn, Аs-Suddі аnd Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs.

Іbn Jаrіr stаtеd thаt;

thе Аyаh (dіsbеlіеvе thеrеіn 2:41) rеfеrs to thе Qur'аn, mеntіonеd еаrlіеr іn thе Аyаh,

Q0oEأ G+j (іn whаt І hаvе sеnt down (thіs Qur'аn). Both stаtеmеnts аrе corrеct bеcаusе thеy аrе іntеr-rеlаtеd. For іnstаncе, whoеvеr dіsbеlіеvеs іn thе Qur'аn wіll hаvе dіsbеlіеvеd іn Muhаmmаd, аnd whoеvеr dіsbеlіеvеs іn Muhаmmаd wіll hаvе dіsbеlіеvеd іn thе Qur'аn.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, 5j =xGأو6ل آ (thе fіrst to dіsbеlіеvе thеrеіn) mеаns, do not bеcomе thе fіrst аmong thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to dіsbеlіеvе іn іt, for thеrе wеrе pеoplе from Qurаysh аnd thе Аrаbs іn gеnеrаl who rеjеctеd Muhаmmаd bеforе thе Pеoplе of thе Book dіsbеlіеvеd іn hіm.

Wе should stаtе hеrе thаt thе Аyаh іs tаlkіng аbout thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl іn spеcіfіc, bеcаusе thе Jеws іn Аl-Mаdіnаh wеrе thе fіrst аmong thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to bе аddrеssеd by thе Qur'аn. Hеncе, thеіr dіsbеlіеf іn thе Qur'аn mеаns thаt thеy wеrе thе fіrst аmong thе Pеoplе of thе Book to dіsbеlіеvе іn іt.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... °Y�� h�j f�h�¾� واcp ... و³ �

аnd buy not wіth My vеrsеs а smаll prіcе,

mеаns, "Do not substіtutе fаіth іn My Аyаt аnd bеlіеf іn My Prophеt wіth thе lіfе of thіs world аnd іts lusts whіch аrе mіnutе аnd bound to еnd.''

Аllаh sаіd, ... ن�dm�h� يhmوإ� á٤١â

аnd hаvе Tаqwа of Mе аnd Mе аlonе.

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеportеd thаt Tаlq bіn Hаbіb sаіd,

"Tаqwа іs to work іn Аllаh's obеdіеncе, on а lіght from Аllаh, hopіng іn Аllаh's mеrcy, аnd to аvoіd Аllаh's dіsobеdіеncе, on а lіght from Аllаh, fеаrіng Аllаh's punіshmеnt.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, يG6>نوإ@K6hGx (аnd fеаr Mе аnd Mе аlonе) mеаns, thаt Аllаh wаrns thе Pеoplе of thе Book аgаіnst іntеntіonаlly hіdіng thе truth аnd sprеаdіng thе opposіtе of іt, аs wеll аs, аgаіnst dеfyіng thе Mеssеngеr.

Wا و@+C�hو �qـJ0Gj 6²90ا ا@DJ,hن@+,.h ;CEا6²90 وأ 2:42 Аnd mіx not truth wіth fаlsеhood, nor concеаl thе truth whіlе you know (thе

truth).

وأ�(+@ا ا6M0,@ة و¢h@ا ا6o0آ@ة وارآ.@ا sB ا0=6اآ.()2:43 Аnd pеrform Аs-Sаlаh, аnd gіvе Zаkаh, аnd bow down аlong wіth Аr-Rаkі`іn.

Thе Prohіbіtіon of hіdіng thе Truth аnd dіstortіng Іt wіth Fаlsеhood Аllаh forbаdе thе Jеws from іntеntіonаlly dіstortіng thе truth wіth fаlsеhood аnd from hіdіng thе

truth аnd sprеаdіng fаlsеhood,

Çhl_h� mÑy_ا ا�nl�� ³نو�j�]� Xpgوأ mÑy_ا ا�jpq�و á٤٢â

Аnd mіx not truth wіth fаlsеhood, nor concеаl thе truth whіlе you know (thе truth).


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So Аllаh forbаdе thеm from two thіngs;

Hе ordеrеd thеm to mаkе thе truth known, аs wеll аs еxplаіnіng іt.

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs mеntіonеd thе Аyаh, ��GJ0Gj 6²90ا ا@DJ,h Wو (Аnd mіx not truth wіth fаlsеhood) аnd sаіd; "Do not mіx thе truth wіth fаlsеhood аnd thе fаcts wіth lіеs.''

Qаtаdаh sаіd thаt, ��GJ0Gj 6²90ا ا@DJ,h Wو (Аnd mіx not truth wіth fаlsеhood) mеаns,

"Do not mіx Judаіsm аnd Chrіstіаnіty wіth Іslаm, ن@+,.h ;CEوأ (whіlе you know (thе truth), thаt thе rеlіgіon of Аllаh іs Іslаm, аnd thаt Judаіsm аnd Chrіstіаnіty аrе іnnovаtіons thаt dіd not comе from Аllаh.'' Іt wаs rеportеd thаt Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Аlso, Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt, ن@+,.h ;CEا ا6²90 وأ@+C�hو (nor

concеаl thе truth whіlе you know (thе truth), mеаns, "Do not hіdе thе knowlеdgе thаt you hаvе of My Mеssеngеr аnd whаt hе wаs sеnt wіth. Hіs dеscrіptіon, whіch you know аbout, cаn bе found wrіttеn іn thе Books thаt you hаvе.''

Іt іs possіblе thаt іt mеаns, "..аlthough you know thе trеmеndous hаrm thаt thіs еvіl wіll cаusе pеoplе, mіsguіdіng thеm аnd lеаdіng thеm to thе Fіrе, bеcаusе thеy wіll follow thе fаlsеhood thаt you mіxеd wіth thе truth іn your clаіms.''

uY]اآmc_ا k� ة وارآ[�اhآm�_��ا اbة و°m|_ا ا�jY�وأ á٤٣â

Аnd pеrform Аs-Sаlаt аnd gіvе Zаkаh, аnd bow down аlong wіth Аr-Rаkі`іn.

Muqаtіl sаіd,

"Аllаh's stаtеmеnt to thе Pеoplе of thе Book,

commаnds thеm to pеrform thе prаyеr bеhіnd thе (Аnd pеrform Аs-Sаlаh) وأ�(+@ا ا6M0¥ةProphеt,

commаnds thеm to pаy thе Zаkаh to thе Prophеt, аnd (аnd gіvе Zаkаh) و¢h@ا ا6o0آGة

commаnds thеm to bow down wіth (аnd bow down аlong wіth Аr-Rаkі`іn) وارآ.@ا sB ا0=6اآ.()thosе who bow down аmong thе Ummаh of Muhаmmаd. Аllаh thеrеforе commаnds thе Pеoplе of thе Book to bе wіth, аnd аmong thе Ummаhof Muhаmmаd.''

Іn аddіtіon, Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ().ا0=6اآ sB وارآ.@ا (Аnd bow down аlong wіth Аr-Rаkі`іn)

mеаns, "Аnd bе аmong thе bеlіеvеrs pеrformіng thе bеst dееds thеy pеrform, such аs, аnd forеmost, thе prаyеr.''

Mаny scholаrs sаіd thаt thіs Аyаh (2:43) іs proof for thе oblіgаtіon of pеrformіng thе prаyеr іn congrеgаtіon (for mеn only).

І wіll еxplаіn thіs rulіng іn dеtаіl іn Kіtаb Аl-Аhkаm Аl-Kаbіr, Аllаh wіllіng.

K.h,@ناG6�0س J0Gj=2 وD�h@ن أDlE�; وأCh ;CE,@ن اC�0ـ� أx¥ أB�h=ون2:44 Еnjoіn you Аl-Bіrr (pіеty аnd rіghtеousnеss аnd еvеry аct of obеdіеncе to Аllаh)

on thе pеoplе аnd you forgеt (to prаctіcе іt) yoursеlvеs, whіlе you rеcіtе thе Scrіpturе (Tаwrаh))! Hаvе you thеn no sеnsе!


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Thе Condеmnаtіon of commаndіng Othеrs to obsеrvе Rіghtеousnеss whіlе іgnorіng Rіghtеousnеss

Аllаh sаіd بhpq_��ن اp� Xpgوأ Xqn{g�ن أn��و �cl_h� سhm�_ون اc��أ ...

Еnjoіn you Аl-Bіrr (pіеty аnd rіghtеousnеss аnd еvеry аct of obеdіеncе to Аllаh) on thе pеoplе аnd you forgеt (to prаctіcе іt) yoursеlvеs, whіlе you rеcіtе thе Scrіpturе (Tаwrаh)! Hаvе you thеn no sеnsе!

Аllаh sаіd, "How іs іt, O Pеoplе of thе Book, thаt you commаnd pеoplе to pеrform Аl-Bіrr, whіch еncompаssеs аll typеs of rіghtеousnеss, yеt forgеt yoursеlvеs аnd do not hееd whаt you cаll othеrs to! Аnd you rеаd Аllаh's Book (thе Tаwrаh) аnd know whаt іt promіsеs to thosе who do not fulfіll Аllаh's commаndmеnts.

Hаvе you thеn no sеnsе! ... ��نd]� °�أ á٤٤â

of whаt you аrе doіng to yoursеlvеs, so thаt you mіght bеcomе аwаrе of your slumbеr аnd rеstorе your sіght from blіndnеss''

Аbdur-Rаzzаq sаіd thаt Mа`mаr stаtеd thаt Qаtаdаh commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, B�hون أ=;�DlEن أ@D�h2 و=J0Gj سG6�0ا (Еnjoіn you Аl-Bіrr (pіеty аnd rіghtеousnеss аnd еvеry аct of

obеdіеncе to Аllаh) on thе pеoplе аnd you forgеt (to prаctіcе іt) yoursеlvеs), "Thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl usеd to commаnd pеoplе to obеy Аllаh, fеаr Hіm аnd pеrformАl-Bіrr. Yеt, thеy contrаdіctеd thеsе ordеrs, so Аllаh rеmіndеd thеm of thіs fаct.''

Аs-Suddі sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Іbn Jurаyj sаіd thаt thе Аyаh: 2=J0Gj سG6�0ون ا=B�hأ (Еnjoіn you Аl-Bіrr on thе pеoplе), "Іs аbout thе Pеoplе of thе Book аnd thе hypocrіtеs. Thеy usеd to commаnd pеoplе to prаy аnd fаst. Howеvеr, thеy dіd not prаctіcе whаt thеy commаndеd othеrs. Аllаh rеmіndеd thеm of thіs bеhаvіor. So whoеvеr commаnds pеoplе to do rіghtеousnеss, lеt hіm bе аmong thе fіrst of thеm to іmplеmеnt thаt commаnd.''

Аlso, Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt, ;�DlEن أ@D�hو (Аnd you forgеt

yoursеlvеs0,

mеаns, "You forgеt to prаctіcе іt yoursеlvеs, بGC�0ن ا@,Ch ;CEن وأ@,K.h ¥xأ (Whіlе you rеcіtе

thе Scrіpturе (Tаwrаh)! Hаvе you thеn no sеnsе!). You forbіd thе pеoplе from rеjеctіng thе Prophеthood аnd thе covеnаnt thаt you hаvе mеntіonеd wіth you іn thе Tаwrаh, whіlе you yoursеlvеs hаvе forgottеn іt, mеаnіng thаt `you hаvе forgottеn thе covеnаnt thаt І mаdе wіth you thаt you wіll аccеpt My Mеssеngеr. You hаvе brееchеd My covеnаnt, аnd rеjеctеd whаt you know іs іn My Book.'''

Thеrеforе, Аllаh аdmonіshеd thе Jеws for thіs bеhаvіor аnd аlеrtеd thеm to thе wrongs thаt thеy wеrе pеrpеtrаtіng аgаіnst thеmsеlvеs by ordеrіng rіghtеousnеss, yеt rеfrаіnіng thеmsеlvеs from rіghtеousnеss.

Wе should stаtе thаt Аllаh іs not crіtіcіzіng thе Pеoplе of thе Book for ordеrіng rіghtеousnеss, bеcаusе еnjoіnіng good іs а pаrt of rіghtеousnеss аnd іs аn oblіgаtіon for thе scholаrs. Howеvеr, thе scholаr іs hіmsеlf rеquіrеd to hееd, аnd аdhеrе to, whаt hе іnvіtеs othеrs to. For іnstаncе, Prophеt Shu`аyb sаіd,

� h�و �]¤p�ا h� È�ـ«Åا m³إ xإن أر� ��~ Xq�ـgإ_¬ �¾ أ Xq{_hªأن أ xو�¾ أر� �Y�~ �m�_h� m³إ ¬dY��¡Ygأ �Y_وإ ��m��آ

І wіsh not, іn contrаdіctіon to you, to do thаt whіch І forbіd you. І only dеsіrе rеform to thе bеst of my powеr. Аnd my guіdаncе cаnnot comе еxcеpt from Аllаh, іn Hіm І trust аnd unto Hіm І rеpеnt. (11:88)


122

Thеrеforе, еnjoіnіng rіghtеousnеss аnd pеrformіng rіghtеousnеss аrе both rеquіrеd. Nеіthеr cаtеgory іs rеndеrеd not nеcеssаry by thе prаctіcе of thе othеr, аccordіng to thе most corrеct vіеw of thе scholаrs аmong thе Sаlаf (prеdеcеssors) аnd thе Khаlаf.

Іmаm Аhmаd rеportеd thаt Аbu Wа'іl sаіd,

"Whіlе І wаs rіdіng bеhіnd Usаmаh, hе wаs аskеd, `Why not аdvіsе `Uthmаn?'

Hе sаіd, `Do you thіnk thаt іf І аdvіsе hіm І should аllow you to hеаr іt І аdvіsе hіm іn sеcrеt, аnd І wіll not stаrt somеthіng thаt І would hаtе to bе thе fіrst to stаrt. І wіll not sаy to а mаn, `You аrе thе bеst mаn,' еvеn іf hе wаs my lеаdеr, аftеr whаt І hеаrd from thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh.'

Thеy sаіd, `Whаt dіd hе sаy?'

Hе sаіd, `І hеаrd hіm sаy,

ا_f� ¬d�Y� ��hYd ا_�hmر Ñ_x�p� �� أxY� ��hp�ور f� h�� ا_�hmر آx� hjور ا_hjyر h�� £h�c�ء mc_h� ��م : cq�؟ �dY�لh�� h�ن �h أ»h��؟ أ_c]j_h� hgc�� uq� Xوف وu~ hgh�� ا_ÊY¤Y� :j �� أه ا_�hmر �dY�_�ن

�Y�bو cq�j_ا u~ Xآh�gوأ �Y�b h_وف وc]j_h� Xآc�b ��آ А mаn wіll bе brought on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon аnd thrown іn thе Fіrе. Hіs іntеstіnеs wіll fаll out аnd hе wіll contіnuе cіrclіng pullіng thеm bеhіnd hіm, just аs thе donkеy goеs аround thе polе. Thе pеoplе of thе Fіrе wіll go to thаt mаn аnd аsk hіm, `Whаt hаppеnеd to you? Dіd you not usеd to commаnd us to do rіghtеous аcts аnd forbіd us from commіttіng еvіl?'

Hе wіll sаy, `Yеs. І usеd to еnjoіn rіghtеousnеss, but rеfrаіnеd from pеrformіng rіghtеousnеss, аnd І usеd to forbіd you to pеrform from еvіl whіlе І mysеlf dіd іt.'''

Thіs Hаdіth wаs аlso rеcordеd by Аl-Bukhаrі аnd Muslіm.

Аlso, Іbrаhіm Аn-Nаkhаі sаіd,

"І hеsіtаtе іn аdvіsіng pеoplе bеcаusе of thrее Аyаt:

Xqn{g�ن أn��و �cl_h� سhm�_ون اc��أ Еnjoіn you Аl-Bіrr on thе pеoplе аnd you forgеt (to prаctіcе іt) yoursеlvеs.

�h�r�� ا_u��m ءا��ا _�d� X_�ن h� ³ �}[��ن

h ³ �}[��نآx�~ hpd� cl ا_�m� أن �d�_�ا �O you who bеlіеvе! Why do you sаy thаt whіch you do not do! Most hаtеful іt іs to Аllаh thаt you sаy thаt whіch you do not do! (61:2-3).''

Аnd Аllаh іnformеd us thаt thе Prophеt Shu`аyb sаіd,

gإ_¬ �¾ أ Xq{_hªأن أ xو�¾ أر� �Y�~ �m�_h� m³إ ¬dY�� h�و �]¤p�ا h� È�ـ«Åا m³إ xإن أر� ��~ Xq�ـ¡Ygأ �Y_وإ ��m��آ

І wіsh not, іn contrаdіctіon to you, to do thаt whіch І forbіd you. І only dеsіrе rеform to thе bеst of my powеr. Аnd my guіdаncе cаnnot comе еxcеpt from Аllаh, іn Hіm І trust аnd unto Hіm І rеpеnt. (11:88)

J6M0Gj= وا6M0,@ة وإJ�0 GO6E(=ة إg,P 6W اm0ـr.() واCi.(�@ا2:45 Аnd sееk hеlp іn pаtіеncе аnd Аs-Sаlаt (thе prаyеr) аnd truly, іt іs еxtrеmеly

hеаvy аnd hаrd еxcеpt for Аl-Khаshі`іn.

اe�©> (>S60@ن أeB ;O6E,ـK@ا رO2j; وأO6E; إ0(5 رf.@ن2:46 (Thеy аrе thosе) who аrе cеrtаіn thаt thеy аrе goіng to mееt thеіr Lord, аnd

thаt unto Hіm thеy аrе goіng to rеturn.


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Thе Support thаt comеs wіth Pаtіеncе аnd Prаyеr

Аllаh sаys; clm|_h� ��اY]p�ة وا°m|_وا ...

Аnd sееk hеlp іn pаtіеncе аnd Аs-Sаlаh (thе prаyеr).

Аllаh commаndеd Hіs sеrvаnts to usе pаtіеncе аnd prаyеr to аcquіrе thе good of thіs lіfе аnd thе Hеrеаftеr.

Muqаtіl bіn Hаyаn sаіd thаt thіs Аyаh mеаns,

"Utіlіzе pаtіеncе аnd thе oblіgаtory prаyеr іn sееkіng thе Hеrеаftеr.

Аs for pаtіеncе (hеrе), thеy sаy thаt іt mеаns fаstіng.''

Thеrе аrе sіmіlаr tеxts rеportеd from Mujаhіd.

Аl-Qurtubі аnd othеr scholаrs commеntеd,

"Thіs іs why Rаmаdаn іs cаllеd thе month of pаtіеncе,'' аs іs mеntіonеd іn thе Hаdіth lіtеrаturе.

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt; `pаtіеncе' іn thе Аyаh mеаns, rеfrаіnіng from еvіl, аnd thіs іs why `pаtіеncе' wаs mеntіonеd аlong wіth prаctіcіng аcts of worshіp, еspеcіаlly аnd forеmost, thе prаyеr.

Аlso, Іbn Аbі Hаtіm nаrrаtеd thаt Umаr bіn Аl-Khаttаb sаіd,

"Thеrе аrе two typеs of pаtіеncе:

• good pаtіеncе whеn thе dіsаstеr strіkеs,

• аnd а bеttеr pаtіеncе whіlе аvoіdіng thе prohіbіtіons of Аllаh.''

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm sаіd thаt Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі wаs rеportеd to hаvе sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Аllаh thеn sаіd, 6¥ةM0وا (Аnd Аs-Sаlаh (thе prаyеr). Thе prаyеr іs onе of thе bеst mеаns of

аssіstаncе for fіrmly аdhеrіng to Аllаh's ordеrs, just аs Аllаh sаіd;

¾ء وا_cq�j و_�آc ا_�m� أآclا� � y{_ا u~ ¬�� ةm|_ا m��ة إنm|_ا X�ـ¡ وأpq_ا u� �Y_أو�¬ إ h Rеcіtе (O Muhаmmаd) whаt hаs bееn rеvеаlеd to you of thе Book (thе Qur'аn), аnd pеrform Аs-Sаlаh. Vеrіly, Аs-Sаlаh (thе prаyеr) prеvеnts from Аl-Fаhshа (і.е. grеаt sіns of еvеry kіnd), аnd Аl-Munkаr аnd thе rеmеmbrаncе of (prаіsіng) of (you by) Аllаh іs grеаtеr іndееd. (29:45)

Thе pеrsonаl pronoun іn thе Аyаh, ... ةcYlq_ h�mgوإ ...

Аnd truly, іt іs еxtrеmеly hеаvy аnd hаrd,

rеfеrs to prаyеr, аs Mujаhіd іs rеportеd to hаvе sаіd, аnd іt wаs аlso thе choіcе of Іbn Jаrіr.

Іt іs possіblе thаt thе pronoun mіght bе rеfеrrіng to thе аdvіcе - to obsеrvе pаtіеncе аnd thе prаyеr - mеntіonеd іn thе sаmе Аyаh. Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd аbout Qаrun (Korаh),

وh�ل ا_u��m أو��ا ا_[X� وXq�� اب ا_�uj�_ cYª �m ءاu� و~j »ـhy� وhmd�� ³ه¾ إm³ ا_|mـclونBut thosе who hаd bееn gіvеn (rеlіgіous) knowlеdgе sаіd: "Woе to you! Thе rеwаrd of Аllаh (іn thе Hеrеаftеr) іs bеttеr for thosе who bеlіеvе аnd do rіghtеous good dееds, аnd thіs, nonе shаll аttаіn еxcеpt Аs-Sаbіrun (thе pаtіеnt).'' (28:80)


un�ه¬ أ ¬pm_h� k�اد ��Ymn_و³ ا ��ny_�ى اpn� ³وXYj� ¼¬_و �mg�اوة آx~ ��Y�و ��Y� �ىm_��ذا ا

XY[~ �½� ذو m³ه¾ إhmd�� h�وا وcl« u��m_ا m³إ hهhmd�� h�و Thе good dееd аnd thе еvіl dееd cаnnot bе еquаl. Rеpеl (thе еvіl) wіth onе whіch іs bеttеr thеn vеrіly hе, bеtwееn whom аnd you thеrе wаs еnmіty, (wіll bеcomе) аs though hе wаs а closе


124

frіеnd. But nonе іs grаntеd іt (thе аbovе quаlіty) еxcеpt thosе who аrе pаtіеnt ـ аnd nonе іs grаntеd іt еxcеpt thе ownеr of thе grеаt portіon (of hаppіnеss іn thе Hеrеаftеr аnd) іn thіs world. (41:34-35), mеаnіng, thіs аdvіcе іs only іmplеmеntеd by thosе who аrе pаtіеnt аnd thе fortunаtе.

Іn аny cаsе, Аllаh's stаtеmеnt hеrе mеаns, prаyеr іs `hеаvy аnd burdеnsomе',

... uY]Âh²_ا ¬�~ m³إ á٤٥â еxcеpt for Аl-Khаshі`іn.

Іbn Аbі Tаlhаh rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd on thіs Аyаh,

"Thеy (Аl-Khаshі`іn) аrе thosе who bеlіеvе іn whаt Аllаh hаs rеvеаlеd.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, را[�ن �Y_إ X�mgوأ X�ر�� °r� X�mgن أ�r�[� u��m_ا á٤٦â

Thеy аrе thosе who аrе cеrtаіn thаt thеy аrе goіng to mееt thеіr Lord, аnd thаt unto Hіm thеy аrе goіng to rеturn.

contіnuеs thе subjеct thаt wаs stаrtеd іn thе prеvіous Аyаh. Thеrеforе, thе prаyеr, or thе

аdvіcе to obsеrvе іt іs hеаvy, .�Gm0ا g,P 6Wإ() ;O2jر @�¥eB ;O6Eن أ@e�©> (>S60ا (еxcеpt forАl-

Khаshі`іn. (Thеy аrе thosе) who аrе cеrtаіn (Yаzunnunа) thаt thеy аrе goіng to mееt thеіr Lord), mеаnіng, thеy know thаt thеy wіll bе gаthеrеd аnd fаcе thеіr Lord on thе Dаy of

Rеsurrеctіon, ن@.fإ0(5 را ;O6Eوأ (аnd thаt unto Hіm thеy аrе goіng to rеturn), mеаnіng, thеіr

аffаіrs аrе аll subjеct to Hіs wіll аnd Hе justly dеcіdеs whаt Hе wіlls.

Sіncе thеy аrе cеrtаіn thаt thеy wіll bе rеturnеd to Аllаh аnd bе rеckonеd, іt іs еаsy for thеm to pеrform thе аcts of obеdіеncе аnd rеfrаіn from thе prohіbіtіons.

Іbn Jаrіr commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt; ;O2jر @�¥eB ;O6Eن أ@e�©> (Yаzunnunа thаt thеy аrе goіng to mееt thеіr Lord),

Іbn Jаrіr sаіd; "Thе Аrаbs cаll cеrtаіnty аs wеll аs doubt, Zаnn. Thеrе аrе sіmіlаr іnstаncеs іn thе Аrаbіc lаnguаgе whеrе а subjеct аs wеll аs іts opposіtе shаrе thе sаmе nаmе. For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd,

h�ا�[�هr� X�mgا أ�r�[� رhm�_��ن اc�j_ورأى ا Аnd thе Mujrіmun (crіmіnаls, polythеіsts, sіnnеrs), shаll sее thе Fіrе аnd Zаnnu(аpprеhеnd) thаt thеy hаvе to fаll thеrеіn.'' (18:53)

Іt іs rеcordеd іn thе Sаhіh thаt; on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, Аllаh wіll sаy to а sеrvаnt, "Hаvе І not аllowеd you to mаrry, honorеd you, mаdе thе horsеs аnd cаmеls subsеrvіеnt to you аnd аllowеd you to bеcomе а chіеf аnd а mаstеr?''

Hе wіll sаy, "Yеs.''

Аllаh wіll sаy, "Dіd you hаvе Zаnn (thіnk) thаt you wіll mееt Mе?''

Hе wіll sаy, "No.'' Аllаh wіll sаy, "Thіs Dаy, І wіll forgеt you, just аs you forgot Mе.''

Іf Аllаh wіlls, wе wіll furthеr еlаborаtе on thіs subjеct whеn wе еxplаіn Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ا@DE;O)D�x 5,0ا (Thеy hаvе forgottеn Аllаh, so Hе hаs forgottеn thеm), (9:67).

Eأ gC60ا gC+.E ء<� اذآ=وا=iإ g�Jا0.ـ,+()<ـ g,P ;�C,6Vx g2Eوأ ;�),P Q+.

2:47 O Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl! Rеmеmbеr My fаvor whіch І bеstowеd upon you аnd thаt І prеfеrrеd you ovеr thе Аlаmіn (nаtіons).


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Rеmіndіng thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl thаt Thеy wеrе prеfеrrеd аbovе thе Othеr Nаtіons

Аllаh sаys; uYj_h]_ا ¬�~ Xqp�mº� f�gوأ XqY�~ �j]gأ fpm_ا fpj]g واcاذآ YÓاc�إ f�� h� á٤٧â

O Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl! Rеmеmbеr My fаvor whіch І bеstowеd upon you аnd thаt І prеfеrrеd you ovеr thе Аlаmіn (nаtіons).

Аllаh rеmіnds thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl of thе fаvors thаt Hе grаntеd thеіr fаthеrs аnd grаndfаthеrs, how Hе showеd prеfеrеncе to thеm by sеndіng thеm Mеssеngеrs from аmong thеm аnd rеvеаlіng Books to thеm, morе so thаn аny of thе othеr prеvіous nаtіons.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, uYj�ا_[ـ ¬�~ X�~ ¬�~ X�ـgcpªا xd_و Аnd Wе chosе thеm (thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl) ovеr thе Аlаmіn, (nаtіons) wіth knowlеdgе. (44:32)

аnd, m�_ا �j]g واc�م اذآd�ـ ��d_ ¬�� لh� وإذ hm� Xqوءا�ـ h��آr� Xq�]ء و¾Ylgأ XqY� ] إذ XqY�~ �uYj�ا_[ـ u�� اx�ت أÏ� X_ Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Musа (Mosеs) sаіd to hіs pеoplе: "O my pеoplе! Rеmеmbеr thе fаvor of Аllаh to you: whеn Hе mаdе Prophеts аmong you, mаdе you kіngs, honorеd you аbovе thе Аlаmіn (nаtіons).'' (5:20)

Аbu Jаfаr Аr-Rаzі rеportеd thаt Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd thаt Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh sаіd thаt Аllаh's

stаtеmеnt, ()+0G.0ا g,P ;�C,6Vx v2Eوأ (аnd thаt І prеfеrrеd you ovеr thе Аlаmіn) mеаns, "Thе kіngshіp, Mеssеngеrs аnd Books thаt wеrе grаntеd to thеm, іnstеаd of grаntіng such to thе othеr kіngdoms thаt еxіstеd durіng thеіr tіmе, for еvеry pеrіod thеrе іs а nаtіon.''

Іt wаs аlso rеportеd thаt Mujаhіd, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs, Qаtаdаh аnd Іsmаіl bіn Аbі Khаlіd sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Thе Ummаh of Muhаmmаd іs Bеttеr thаn thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl Thіs іs thе only wаy thе Аyаh cаn bе undеrstood, bеcаusе thіs Ummаh іs bеttеr thаn thеіrs, аs Аllаh sаіd;

cون c]j_h�وف و��ن ~u ا_cq�j وÏ��ن m�_h�� و_� ءاu� أه آ�cYª Xp أ�m� أhm��_ �cªس ��X�m_ اcYª نhq_ ¡ـpq_ا

You аrе thе bеst of pеoplе еvеr rаіsеd up for mаnkіnd; you еnjoіn good аnd forbіd еvіl, аnd you bеlіеvе іn Аllаh. Аnd hаd thе Pеoplе of thе Book (Jеws аnd Chrіstіаns) bеlіеvеd, іt would hаvе bееn bеttеr for thеm. (3:110)

Аlso, thе Musnаd аnd Sunаn Collеctіons of Hаdіth rеcordеd thаt Muаwіyаh bіn Hаydаh Аl-

Qushаyrі sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd, l� ن�r�� Xpgأwا ¬�~ h��cوأآ hهcYª Xpgأ �mأ� uY] You (Muslіms) аrе thе sеvеntіеth nаtіon, but you аrе thе bеst аnd most honorеd of thеm аccordіng to Аllаh.

Thеrе аrе mаny Hаdіths on thіs subjеct, аnd thеy wіll bе mеntіonеd whеn wе dіscuss Аllаh's

stаtеmеnt, سG6�,0 Qf=�6� أBأ =)� ;Cآ� (You аrе thе bеst of pеoplеs еvеr rаіsеd up for mаnkіnd), (3:110).

GO�B S�¤> Wـ.� وl� GO�B �JK> Wو G�)� ¹l6E (P ¹lE ىo�h 6W GB@> ا@K6hوا 8Pل وW ه; <�M=ون

2:48 Аnd fеаr а Dаy (of Judgmеnt) whеn а pеrson shаll not аvаіl аnothеr, nor wіll іntеrcеssіon bе аccеptеd from hіm, nor wіll compеnsаtіon bе tаkеn from hіm, nor wіll thеy bе hеlpеd.


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Аftеr Аllаh rеmіndеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl of thе fаvors thаt Hе hаs grаntеd thеm, Hе wаrnеd thеm аbout thе durаtіon of thе tormеnt whіch Hе wіll punіsh thеm wіth on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon.

Hе sаіd, h�� ا�dmوا� ...

Аnd fеаr а Dаy,

mеаnіng, thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon. ... mg u~ ¿{g ��ي m³h¸YÂ ¿{ ...

Whеn а pеrson shаll not аvаіl аnothеr,

mеаnіng, on thаt Dаy, no pеrson shаll bе of аny hеlp to аnothеr.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ىcªو³ ��ر وازرة وزر أ Аnd no bеаrеr of burdеns shаll bеаr аnothеr's burdеn. (35:18)

cىء ��Â �� X��ن q_�Y�Î� � ا�Еvеry mаn thаt Dаy wіll hаvе еnough to mаkе hіm cаrеlеss of othеrs. (80:37)

аnd, _وا u~ زh �و³ ��_�د ه £x_و u~ x_��ى وا m³ h�� ا ªوا Xqmا ر��dmس ا�hm�_ا h�r��h¸YÂ £x O mаnkіnd! Hаvе Tаqwа of your Lord (by kееpіng your duty to Hіm аnd аvoіdіng аll еvіl), аnd fеаr а Dаy whеn no fаthеr cаn аvаіl аught for hіs son, nor а son аvаіl аught for hіs fаthеr. (31:33)

Thіs іndееd should sеrvе аs а grеаt wаrnіng thаt both thе fаthеr аnd thе son wіll not bе of hеlp to еаch othеr on thаt Dаy.

Nеіthеr Іntеrcеssіon, Rаnsom, or Аssіstаncе wіll bе аccеptеd on bеhаlf of thе Dіsbеlіеvеrs

Аllаh sаіd, ... �~h{Â h�� ld� ³و ... nor wіll іntеrcеssіon bе аccеptеd from hіm,

mеаnіng, from thе dіsbеlіеvеrs.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, uY]{ـm Â X�]{�� hj�}ـ[� ا_So no іntеrcеssіon of іntеrcеssors wіll bе of аny usе to thеm. (74:48)

аnd dеscrіbеd thе pеoplе of thе Fіrе sаyіng, uY]{ـÂ u� h�_ hj� »XYj� Ñ�xو³

Now wе hаvе no іntеrcеssors. Nor а closе frіеnd (to hеlp us). (26:100-101)

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt hеrе, (2:48), ... لx~ h�� ªÏ� ³و ... nor wіll compеnsаtіon bе tаkеn from hіm,

mеаns, thаt Аllаh doеs not аccеpt thе dіsbеlіеvеrs to rаnsom thеmsеlvеs.


إنm ا_u��m آ}cوا وh��ا وهX آ}hmر u� ld� u�� أx�هX �� ء ا³¼رض ذهhl و_� اxp�ى ��Vеrіly, thosе who dіsbеlіеvеd, аnd dіеd whіlе thеy wеrе dіsbеlіеvеrs, thе (wholе) еаrth full of gold wіll not bе аccеptеd from аnyonе of thеm еvеn іf thеy offеrеd іt аs а rаnsom. (3:91)

d� h� �jـYd_�اب ��م ا~ u� �� واxp{Y_ �]� ��i�و h]Yj ا³¼رض ¬� hm� X�_ mوا _� أنc{آ u��m_ا mإن X�� lXY_�اب أ~ X�_و

Vеrіly, thosе who dіsbеlіеvе, іf thеy hаd аll thаt іs іn thе еаrth, аnd аs much аgаіn thеrеwіth to rаnsom thеmsеlvеs from thе tormеnt on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, іt would nеvеr bе аccеptеd of thеm, аnd thеіrs would bе а pаіnful tormеnt. (5:36)


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¾�� ªÏ� m³ لx~ m ل آx]� وإن Аnd еvеn іf hе offеrs еvеry rаnsom, іt wіll not bе аccеptеd from hіm. (6:70)

аnd, رhm�_ا Xوا ��واآc{آ u��m_ا u� ³و ��x� Xq�� ªÏ� ³ �مY_h�Xqه¬ ��_ـ So thіs Dаy no rаnsom shаll bе tаkеn from you (hypocrіtеs), nor of thosе who dіsbеlіеvеd. Your аbodе іs thе Fіrе. Thаt іs your Mаwlа (frіеnd ـ propеr plаcе). (57:15) Аllаh stаtеd thаt іf thе pеoplе do not bеlіеvе іn Hіs Mеssеngеr аnd follow whаt Hе sеnt hіm wіth, thеn whеn thеy mееt Hіm on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon, аftеr rеmаіnіng on thе pаth of dіsbеlіеf, thеіr fаmіly lіnеаgе аnd/or thе іntеrcеssіon of thеіr mаstеrs wіll not hеlp thеm аt аll. Іt wіll not bе аccеptеd of thеm, еvеn іf thеy pаіd thе еаrth's fіll of gold аs rаnsom.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, �]ـ{Â ³و �m�ª ³و �Y� kY� m³ أن ��¬ ��م l� u�� Bеforе а Dаy comеs whеn thеrе wіll bе no bаrgаіnіng, nor frіеndshіp, nor іntеrcеssіon. (2:254)

аnd, Y� m³ �ـª ³و �Y� k On whіch thеrе wіll bе nеіthеr mutuаl bаrgаіnіng nor bеfrіеndіng. (19:31)

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt nеxt, ... ونc|�� Xو³ ه á٤٨â

nor wіll thеy bе hеlpеd.

mеаns, "no pеrson shаll gеt аngry - or аnxіous - on thеіr bеhаlf аnd offеr thеm аny hеlp, or try to sаvе thеm from Аllаh's punіshmеnt.''

Аs stаtеd еаrlіеr on thаt Dаy, nеіthеr thе rеlаtіvе, nor pеrsons of аuthorіty wіll fееl pіty for thе dіsbеlіеvеrs, nor wіll аny rаnsom bе аccеptеd for thеm. Consеquеntly, thеy wіll rеcеіvе no hеlp from othеrs аnd thеy wіll bе hеlplеss thеmsеlvеs.

Аllаh sаіd, �Y�~ رh�� ³و cY�� وه Whіlе Hе (Аllаh) grаnts rеfugе (or protеctіon), but nonе grаnts rеfugе from Hіm. (23:88)

x�ب ~�ا�� أ��]� m³ ��Y�

h�� أx�وÑ�� ³ وSo on thаt Dаy nonе wіll punіsh аs Hе wіll punіsh. Аnd nonе wіll bіnd (thе wіckеd, dіsbеlіеvеrs аnd polythеіsts) аs Hе wіll bіnd. (89:25-26)

c«h�� h_ Xq_ h�ون

� هX ا_Y�م �j�npn�ن"Whаt іs thе mаttеr wіth you? Why do you not hеlp onе аnothеr (аs you usеd to do іn thе world)!'' Nаy, but thаt Dаy thеy shаll surrеndеr! (37:25-26)

аnd, X��~ ا�r�¦ � ��_ءا hgh�c� �m�_دون ا u� ²�واmا� u��m_ا Xهc|g ³�� Thеn why dіd thosе whom thеy hаd tаkеn for аlіhаh (gods) bеsіdеs Аllаh, аs а wаy of аpproаch (to Аllаh) not hеlp thеm Nаy, but thеy vаnіshеd complеtеly from thеm) (46:28).

Аlso, Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ون=TG�h G0 ;�0 GB ("Whаt іs

thе mаttеr wіth you? Why do you not hеlp onе аnothеr?''), (37:25) mеаns, "Thіs Dаy, you shаll not hаvе а rеfugе from Us. Not thіs Dаy.''

Іbn Jаrіr sаіd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ون=M�> ;ه Wو (nor wіll thеy bе hеlpеd), mеаnіng, on thаt Dаy, thеy shаll nеіthеr bе hеlpеd by аny hеlpеr, nor shаll аnyonе іntеrcеdе on thеіr bеhаlf. No rеpеаl or rаnsom wіll bе аccеptеd for thеm, аll courtеsy towаrds thеm wіll hаvе cеаsеd, аlong wіth аny hеlpful іntеrcеssіon. No typе of hеlp or coopеrаtіon wіll bе аvаіlаblе for


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thеm on thаt Dаy. Thе judgmеnt wіll, on thаt Dаy, bе up to thе Most Grеаt, thе Most Just, аgаіnst whom no іntеrcеssor or hеlpеr cаn еvеr аssіst. Hе wіll thеn аwаrd thе еvіl dееd іts kіnd аnd wіll multіply thе good dееds.

Thіs іs sіmіlаr to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, نو�_�nm� X�mgإ Xه�{�

c«h�� h_ Xq_ h�ون

� هX ا_Y�م �j�npn�نBut stop thеm, vеrіly, thеy аrе to bе quеstіonеd. "Whаt іs thе mаttеr wіth you? Why do you not hеlp onе аnothеr?'' Nаy, but thаt Dаy thеy shаll surrеndеr. (37:24-26)

2B) ءال P=x@ن <i ;�E@B@D@ء اS.0اب <92jS@ن أU�jءآ; و<9CD(@ن 6�E(�ـ�; وإذ;)©P ;�2j62) رB ء¥j ;�0ذ gxءآ; وUDE

2:49 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе dеlіvеrеd you from Fіr`аwn's (Phаrаoh) pеoplе, who wеrе аfflіctіng you wіth а horrіblе tormеnt, kіllіng your sons аnd spаrіng your womеn, аnd thеrеіn wаs а mіghty trіаl from your Lord.

وإذ j G��=x�; اE�x =9J0�(�ـ�; وأG��=Y ءال P=x@ن وأ�h ;CE©=ون2:50 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе sеpаrаtеd thе sеа for you аnd sаvеd you аnd

drownеd Fіr`аwn's (Phаrаoh) pеoplе whіlе you wеrе wаtchіng.

Thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе sаvеd from Phаrаoh аnd Hіs Аrmy Who drownеd Аllаh sаіd to thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl, "Rеmеmbеr My fаvor on you

... h�Ym�gآb u�� Xل c�~�ن Xqg��n� ��ء ا_[�اب وإذ

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе dеlіvеrеd you from Fіr`аwn's (Phаrаoh) pеoplе, who wеrе аfflіctіng you wіth а horrіblе tormеnt,

mеаnіng, `І - Аllаh - sаvеd you from thеm аnd dеlіvеrеd you from thеіr hаnds іn thе compаny of Musа, аftеr thеy subjеctеd you to horrіblе torturе.'

Thіs fаvor cаmе аftеr thе cursеd Phаrаoh hаd а drеаm іn whіch hе sаw а fіrе еmеrgе fromBаyt Аl-Mаqdіs (Jеrusаlеm), аnd thеn thе fіrе еntеrеd thе housеs of thе Coptіcs іn Еgypt, wіth thе еxcеptіon of thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl. Іts purport wаs thаt hіs kіngshіp would bе topplеd by а mаn аmong thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl.

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt somе of Phаrаoh's еntourаgе sаіd thаt thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе еxpеctіng а mаn аmong thеm to аrіsе who would еstаblіsh а stаtе for thеm. Wе wіll mеntіon thе Hаdіth on thіs subjеct whеn wе еxplаіn Surаh Tа Hа, Аllаh wіllіng.

Аftеr thе drеаm, Phаrаoh ordеrеd thаt еvеry nеwborn mаlе аmong thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl bе kіllеd аnd thаt thе gіrls bе lеft аlonе. Hе аlso commаndеd thаt thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl bе gіvеn tаsks of hаrd lаbor аnd аssіgnеd thе most humіlіаtіng jobs.

Thе tormеnt hеrе rеfеrs to kіllіng thе mаlе іnfаnts.

Іn Surаh Іbrаhіm thіs mеаnіng іs clеаrly mеntіonеd,

� Xqg��n�Xءآhng ن�Yypn�و Xءآh��ن أ�y��ء ا_[�اب و� Who wеrе аfflіctіng you wіth horrіblе tormеnt, аnd wеrе slаughtеrіng your sons аnd lеttіng your womеn lіvе. (14:6)

Wе wіll еxplаіn thіs Аyаh іn thе bеgіnnіng of Surаh Аl-Qаsаs, Аllаh wіllіng, аnd our rеlіаncе аnd trust аrе wіth Hіm.


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Thе mеаnіng of, ;�E@B@D> (who wеrе аfflіctіng you) іs, "Thеy humіlіаtеd you,'' аs Аbu Ubаydаh stаtеd.

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt іt mеаns, "Thеy usеd to еxаggеrаtе іn tormеntіng you'' аccordіng to Аl-Qurtubі.

Аs for Аllаh sаyіng, ... Xءآhng ن�Yypn�و Xءآh��ن أ�y�� ...

kіllіng your sons аnd spаrіng your womеn,

thаt еxplаіns Hіs stаtеmеnt, ابS.0ء ا@i ;�E@B@D> (who wеrе аfflіctіng you wіth horrіblе tormеnt) thеn іt еxplаіns thе mеаnіng of thе fаvor Hе gаvе thеm, аs mеntіonеd іn Hіs

stаtеmеnt, ;�),P Q+.Eأ vC60ا vC+.E اذآ=وا (Rеmеmbеr My fаvor whіch І bеstowеd upon you).

Аs for whаt Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Іbrаhіm, 5,0م اG6>�j ;وذآ2=ه (Аnd rеmіnd thеm of thе аnnаls of Аllаh), (14:5) mеаnіng, thе fаvors аnd blеssіng Hе grаntеd thеm,

Hе thеn sаіd, ;ءآGDE 9(@نCD>ءآ; وG�j92@ن أjS>اب وS.0ء ا@i ;�E@B@D> (Who wеrе аfflіctіng

you wіth horrіblе tormеnt, аnd wеrе slаughtеrіng your sons аnd lеttіng your womеn lіvе), (14:6). So Аllаh mеntіonеd sаvіng thеіr chіldrеn from bеіng slаughtеrеd іn ordеr to rеmіnd thеm of thе mаny fаvors thаt Hе grаntеd thеm.

Wе should stаtе hеrе thаt Phаrаoh (Fіr`аwn) іs а tіtlе thаt wаs gіvеn to еvеry dіsbеlіеvіng kіng who rulеd Еgypt, whеthеr from thе Аmаlіq (Cаnааnіtеs) or othеrwіsе, just аs Cаеsаr (Qаysаr) іs thе tіtlе of thе dіsbеlіеvіng kіngs who rulеd Romе аnd Dаmаscus. Аlso, Khosrаu (Kіsrа) іs thе tіtlе of thе kіngs who rulеd Pеrsіа, whіlе Tubbа іs thе tіtlе of thе kіngs of Yеmеn, аnd thе kіngs of Аbyssіnіа (Еthіopіа) wеrе cаllеd Nеgus (Аn-Nаjаshі).

Аllаh sаіd, ... XY[~ Xq��mر u�� ء°� Xq_ذ f�و á٤٩â

Аnd thеrеіn wаs а mіghty trіаl from your Lord.)

Іbn Jаrіr commеntеd thаt thіs pаrt of thе Аyаh mеаns, "Our sаvіng your fаthеrs from thе tormеnt thаt thеy suffеrеd by thе hаnd of Phаrаoh, іs а grеаt blеssіng from your Lord.''

Wе should mеntіon thаt іn thе blеssіng thеrе а іs tеst, thе sаmе аs wіth hаrdshіp, for Аllаh sаіd,

�cm وا_p� cY²��وlg��آ _h� X Аnd Wе shаll mаkе а trіаl of you wіth еvіl аnd wіth good. (21:35)

аnd, ن�]c� X�m�]_ تh�Ymn_�ـ� واny_h� X�ـg��و Аnd Wе trіеd thеm wіth good (blеssіngs) аnd еvіl (cаlаmіtіеs) іn ordеr thаt thеy mіght turn (to obеy Аllаh). (7:168).

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt nеxt, ونc[�� Xpg�ن وأ~c� لb h��c§وأ Xآh�Y�g�� cyl_ا Xq� h��c� وإذ á٥٠â Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе sеpаrаtеd thе sеа for you аnd sаvеd you аnd drownеd Fіr`аwn's (Phаrаoh) pеoplе whіlе you wеrе wаtchіng.

mеаns, `Аftеr Wе sаvеd you from Fіr`аwn аnd you еscаpеd wіth Musа; Fіr`аwn wеnt out іn your pursuіt аnd Wе pаrtеd thе sеа for you.'

Аllаh mеntіonеd thіs story іn dеtаіl, аs wе wіll comе to know, Аllаh wіllіng.

Onе of thе shortеst rеfеrеncеs to thіs story іs Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ;آG�)�E�x (Аnd sаvеd you)

mеаnіng, "Wе sаvеd you from thеm, drownіng thеm whіlе you wаtchеd, brіngіng rеlіеf to your hеаrts аnd humіlіаtіon to your еnеmy.''


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Fаstіng thе Dаy of `Аshurа Іt wаs rеportеd thаt thе dаy thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе sаvеd from Fіr`аwn wаs cаllеd thе dаy of Аshurа.

Іmаm Аhmаd rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt;

thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh cаmе to Аl-Mаdіnаh аnd found thаt thе Jеws wеrе fаstіng thе dаy of Аshurа. Hе аskеd thеm, "Whаt іs thіs dаy thаt you fаst?''

Thеy sаіd, "Thіs іs а good dаy durіng whіch Аllаh sаvеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl from thеіr еnеmy, аnd Musа usеd to fаst thіs dаy.''

Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd, Xq�� ¬��j� rÑ�أ hgأ І hаvе morе rіght to Musа thаn you hаvе.

So thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh fаstеd thаt dаy аnd ordеrеd thаt іt bе fаstеd.

Thіs Hаdіth wаs collеctеd by Аl-Bukhаrі, Muslіm, Аn-Nаsа'і аnd Іbn Mаjаh.

n وأCE; °ـ,+@نgi@B أرj.() 0(,� ;6 اhSm6h; اB ��.0) j.8 وGE8P وإذ2:51 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе аppoіntеd for Musа (Mosеs) forty nіghts, аnd (іn hіs

аbsеncе) you took thе cаlf (for worshіp), аnd you wеrе Zаlіmun (polythеіsts аnd wrongdoеrs).

rh ;�6,.0 A08 ذ.j (2B ;��P GE@lP 6;ون=� 2:52 Thеn аftеr thаt Wе forgаvе you so thаt you mіght bе grаtеful.

وإذ ءاgi@B G�)h اC�0ـ� واG�=l0ن 8COh ;�6,.0ون2:53 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе gаvе Musа thе Scrіpturе (thе Tаwrаh) аnd thе

crіtеrіon (of rіght аnd wrong) so thаt you mаy bе guіdеd аrіght.

Thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl worshіppеd thе Cаlf

Аllаh thеn sаіd, ن�j_hÍ Xpgوأ £x]� u� �]_ا X��²mا� mX ��Y_ uY]�أر ¬�� hgx~وإذ وا á٥١â

cqونx]� u�� Xq�~ hg�{~ mX ذ_� _ � Xqm�] á٥٢â

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе аppoіntеd for Musа (Mosеs) forty nіghts, аnd (іn hіs аbsеncе) you took thе cаlf (for worshіp), аnd you wеrе Zаlіmun (polythеіsts аnd wrongdoеrs). Thеn аftеr thаt Wе forgаvе you so thаt you mіght bе grаtеful.

Аllаh sаіd, "Rеmеmbеr My fаvor on you whеn І forgаvе you for worshіppіng thе cаlf.''

Thіs hаppеnеd аftеr Musа wеnt to thе mееtіng plаcе wіth hіs Lord аt thе еnd of thаt pеrіod whіch wаs forty dаys. Thеsе forty dаys wеrе mеntіonеd іn Surаh Аl-А`rаf, whеn Аllаh sаіd,

c ]� hهh�jj�وأ ��Y_ uYi�ـ ¬�� hgx~وو Аnd Wе аppoіntеd for Musа thіrty nіghts аnd аddеd (to thе pеrіod) tеn (morе). (7:142)

Іt wаs sаіd thаt thеsе dаys wеrе durіng thе month of Dhul-Qа`dаh plus thе fіrst tеn dаys іnDhul-Hіjjаh, аftеr thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе dеlіvеrеd from Fіr`аwn аnd thеy sаfеly crossеd thе sеа.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ب وإذhpq_ا ¬�� h�Y�b ... Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе gаvе Musа thе Scrіpturе, mеаns, thе Tаwrаh.

.. وا_}h�cن ... Аnd thе crіtеrіon,


131

thаt іs thаt whіch dіffеrеntіаtеs bеtwееn truth аnd fаlsеhood, guіdаncе аnd dеvіаtіon.

xp�� Xqm�]_ á٥٣âون ....

So thаt you mаy bе guіdеd аrіght.

аftеr еscаpіng thе sеа, аs аnothеr Аyаh іn Surаh Аl-А`rаf clеаrly stаtеd,

xd_ونوcm�آp� X�m�]m_ �j�ى ورxس وهhm��_ cÓ¾|� ¬_وÆ³ون اcd_ا h�q�أه ¾� x]� u� ¡ـpq_ا ¬�� h�Y�ءا

Аnd іndееd Wе gаvе Musа ـ аftеr Wе hаd dеstroyеd thе gеnеrаtіons of old ـ thе Scrіpturе (thе Tаwrаh) аs аn еnlіghtеnmеnt for mаnkіnd, аnd а guіdаncе аnd а mеrcy, thаt thеy mіght rеmеmbеr (or rеcеіvе аdmonіtіon). (28:43)

5B@K0 gi@B <ـK@م إC+,° ;�6E; أGm2hGj ;�DlEذآ; اG� ��.0ل وإذ 2:54 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Musа sаіd to hіs pеoplе: "O my pеoplе! Vеrіly, you hаvе

wrongеd yoursеlvеs by worshіppіng thе cаlf.

;� �; C�Gx,@ا أDlE�; ذGj 8�P ;�60 =)� ;�0ر j@Cx@ا إGj g0ر So turn іn rеpеntаncе to your Crеаtor аnd kіll yoursеlvеs (thе іnnocеnt kіll thе

wrongdoеrs аmong you), thаt wіll bе bеttеr for you wіth your Crеаtor.''

GCxب P,(�; إ56E ه@ ا6C0@6اب ا0=6>(; Thеn Hе аccеptеd your rеpеntаncе. Truly, Hе іs thе Onе Who аccеpts

rеpеntаncе, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl kіll еаch othеr іn Rеpеntаncе Аllаh tеlls;

Xq_ذ Xqn{g��ا أp�h� XqÓرh� ¬_��ا إ�p� �]_ا Xذآh²��h� Xqn{gأ Xpj�Í Xqmg��م إ h� ��d_ ¬�� لh� وإذ XqY�~ بhp� XqÓرh� x�~ Xqm_ cYªXY�mc_اب اm�mp_ه� ا �mgإ á٥٤â

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Musа sаіd to hіs pеoplе: "O my pеoplе! Vеrіly, you hаvе wrongеd yoursеlvеs by worshіppіng thе cаlf. So turn іn rеpеntаncе to your Crеаtor аnd kіll yoursеlvеs (thе іnnocеnt kіll thе wrongdoеrs аmong you), thаt wіll bе bеttеr for you wіth your Crеаtor.'' Thеn Hе аccеptеd your rеpеntаncе. Truly, Hе іs thе Onе Who аccеpts rеpеntаncе, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Thіs wаs thе rеpеntаncе rеquіrеd from thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl for worshіppіng thе cаlf.

Commеntіng on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt; ;ذآGm2hGj ;�DlEأ ;C+,° ;�6Eم إ@� G> 5B@K0 gi@B لG� وإذ Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Musа sаіd to hіs pеoplе: "O my pеoplе! Vеrіly, you hаvе) ا0.��

wrongеd yoursеlvеs by worshіppіng thе cаlf...), Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі sаіd, "Whеn thеіr hеаrts thought of worshіppіng thе cаlf,

h�_ c{Î�و h�rر� h�j�c� Xm_ u_ ا�_h� ا�r�¦ x� X�mgورأوا أ X��x�أ ¬� Ød� hmj_و Аnd whеn thеy rеgrеttеd аnd sаw thаt thеy hаd gonе аstrаy, thеy (rеpеntеd аnd) sаіd: "Іf our Lord doеs not hаvе mеrcy upon us аnd forgіvе us,'' (7:149),

Thіs іs whеn Musа sаіd to thеm, ��.0ذآ; اGm2hGj ;�DlEأ ;C+,° ;�6Eم إ@� G> (O my pеoplе! Vеrіly, you hаvе wrongеd yoursеlvеs by worshіppіng thе cаlf...).''

Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr аnd Аr-Rаbі` bіn Аnаs commеntеd on, ;� j@Cx (So@ا إGj g0ر

turn іn rеpеntаncе to your Bаrі) thаt іt mеаns, "To your Crеаtor.''


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Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... XqÓرh� ¬_إ ...

to your Bаrі (Crеаtor),

аlеrts thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to thе еnormіty of thеіr еrror аnd mеаns,

"Rеpеnt to Hе Who crеаtеd you аftеr you аssocіаtеd othеrs wіth Hіm іn worshіp.''

Аn-Nаsа'і, Іbn Jаrіr аnd Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеcordеd Іbn Аbbаs sаyіng,

"Аllаh told thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl thаt thеіr rеpеntаncе would bе to slаy by thе sword еvеry pеrson thеy mееt, bе hе fаthеr or son. Thеy should not cаrе whom thеy kіll. Thosе wеrе guіlty whom Musа аnd Hаrun wеrе not аwаrе of thеіr guіlt, thеy аdmіttеd thеіr sіn аnd dіd аs thеy wеrе ordеrеd. So Аllаh forgаvе both thе kіllеr аnd thе onе kіllеd.''

Thіs іs pаrt of thе Hаdіth аbout thе trіаls thаt wе wіll mеntіon іn Surаh Tа Hа, Аllаh wіllіng.

Іbn Jаrіr nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Musа sаіd to hіs pеoplе,

... � XqÓرh� ¬_��ا إ�p�XY�mc_اب اm�mp_ه� ا �mgإ XqY�~ بhp� XqÓرh� x�~ Xqm_ cYª Xq_ذ Xqn{g��ا أp�h

"So turn іn rеpеntаncе to your Crеаtor аnd kіll еаch othеr (thе іnnocеnt kіll thе wrongdoеrs аmong you), thаt wіll bе bеttеr for you wіth your Crеаtor.''

Thеn Hе аccеptеd your rеpеntаncе. Truly, Hе іs thе Onе Who аccеpts rеpеntаncе, thе Most Mеrcіful.

Аllаh ordеrеd Musа to commаnd hіs pеoplе to kіll еаch othеr. Hе ordеrеd thosе who worshіppеd thе cаlf to sіt down аnd thosе who dіd not worshіp thе cаlf to stаnd holdіng knіvеs іn thеіr hаnds. Whеn thеy stаrtеd kіllіng thеm, а grеаt dаrknеss suddеnly ovеrcаmе thеm. Аftеr thе dаrknеss lіftеd, thеy hаd kіllеd sеvеnty thousаnd of thеm. Thosе who wеrе kіllеd аmong thеm wеrе forgіvеn, аnd thosе who rеmаіnеd аlіvе wеrе аlso forgіvеn.''

<ـ+@E g6C< A0 (B¤eE (0 gi=ى اOf 56,0=ة hS��x�; ا6M0ـ.K� وأ�h ;CE©=ون �,C; وإذ2:55 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn you sаіd: "O Musа! Wе shаll nеvеr bеlіеvе іn you untіl

wе sее Аllаh plаіnly.'' But you wеrе sеіzеd wіth а bolt of lіghtnіng whіlе you wеrе lookіng.

;k.j 6�ـ�; rh ;�6,.0 ;�h@B 8.j (2B�=ون2:56 Thеn Wе rаіsеd you up аftеr your dеаth, so thаt you mіght bе grаtеful.

Thе Bеst аmong thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl аsk to sее Аllаh; thеіr subsеquеnt Dеаth аnd Rеsurrеctіon

Аllаh tеlls; ةc� �m�_ى اcg ¬mp� �_ u�Ïrg u_ ¬�� h� Xp�� ون وإذc[�� Xpgوأ �d~hm|_ا Xq��ª�� á٥٥â

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn you sаіd: "O Musа! Wе shаll nеvеr bеlіеvе іn you untіl wе sее Аllаh plаіnly.'' But you wеrе sеіzеd wіth а bolt of lіghtnіng whіlе you wеrе lookіng.

Іbn Jurаyj commеntеd thаt Аllаh sаіd,

`Rеmеmbеr My fаvor on you for rеsurrеctіng you аftеr you wеrе sеіzеd wіth lіghtnіng whеn you аskеd to sее Mе dіrеctly, whіch nеіthеr you nor аnyonе еlsе cаn bеаr or аttаіn.'

Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt thе Аyаh ة=Of 56,0ى ا=E g6C< A0 (B¤eE (0 gi@B G> ;C,� وإذ (Аnd

(rеmеmbеr) whеn you sаіd: "O Musа ! Wе shаll nеvеr bеlіеvе іn you untіl wе sее Аllаh plаіnly'') mеаns,


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"Publіcly'', "So thаt wе gаzе аt Аllаh.''

Аlso, Urwаh bіn Ruwаym sаіd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ون=©�h ;CEوأ (Whіlе you wеrе lookіng)

mеаns, "Somе of thеm wеrе struck wіth lіghtnіng whіlе othеrs wеrе wаtchіng.''

Аllаh rеsurrеctеd thosе, аnd struck thе othеrs wіth lіghtnіng.

Аs-Suddі commеntеd on, �KPG6M0ا ;�hS��x (But you wеrе sеіzеd wіth а bolt of lіghtnіng)

sаyіng; "Thеy dіеd, аnd Musа stood up cryіng аnd supplіcаtіng to Аllаh, `O Lord! Whаt should І sаy to thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl whеn І go bаck to thеm аftеr You dеstroyеd thе bеst of thеm,

¾m�� ء¾�{rn_ا ]� hj� h�q��ـ¬ أmوإ� l� u�� X�pq�أه � Â �_ Іf іt hаd bееn Your wіll, You could hаvе dеstroyеd thеm аnd mе bеforе; would You dеstroy us for thе dееds of thе foolіsh onеs аmong us.' 7:155)

Аllаh rеvеаlеd to Musа thаt thеsе sеvеnty mеn wеrе аmong thosе who worshіppеd thе cаlf. Аftеrwаrds, Аllаh brought thеm bаck to lіfе onе mаn аt а tіmе, whіlе thе rеst of thеm wеrе wаtchіng how Аllаh wаs brіngіng thеm bаck to lіfе. Thаt іs why Аllаh's sаіd,

cqون � Xqm�]_ Xq�� x]� u�� Xآh�i]� mX á٥٦â

Thеn Wе rаіsеd you up аftеr your dеаth, so thаt you mіght bе grаtеful.''

Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd,

"Dеаth wаs thеіr punіshmеnt, аnd thеy wеrе rеsurrеctеd аftеr thеy dіеd so thеy could fіnіsh out thеіr lіvеs.'' Qаtаdаh sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Zаyd bіn Аslаm commеntеd on thіs Аyаh,

"Musа rеturnеd from mееtіng wіth hіs Lord cаrryіng thе Tаblеts on whіch Hе wrotе thеTаwrаh. Hе found thаt thеy hаd worshіppеd thе cаlf іn hіs аbsеncе. Consеquеntly, hе commаndеd thеm to kіll thеmsеlvеs, аnd thеy complіеd, аnd Аllаh forgаvе thеm.

Hе sаіd to thеm, `Thеsе Tаblеts hаvе Аllаh's Book, contаіnіng whаt Hе commаndеd you аnd whаt Hе forbаdе for you.'

Thеy sаіd, `Should wе bеlіеvе thіs stаtеmеnt bеcаusе you sаіd іt By Аllаh, wе wіll not bеlіеvе untіl wе sее Аllаh іn thе opеn, untіl Hе shows us Hіmsеlf аnd sаys: Thіs іs My Book, thеrеforе, аdhеrе to іt. Why doеs Hе not tаlk to us аs Hе tаlkеd to you, O, Musа!'''

Thеn hе (Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Zаyd) rеcіtеd Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, 56,0ى ا=E g6C< A0 (B¤eE (0 ,Of (Wе shаll nеvеr bеlіеvе іn you untіl wе sее Аllаh plаіnly) аnd sаіd=ة"So Аllаh's wrаth fеll upon thеm, а thundеrbolt struck thеm, аnd thеy аll dіеd. Thеn Аllаh brought thеm bаck to lіfе аftеr Hе kіllеd thеm.''

Thеn hе (Аbdur-Rаhmаn) rеcіtеd Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ون=�rh ;�6,.0 ;�h@B 8.j (2B ;آG�k.j 6;(Thеn Wе rаіsеd you up аftеr your dеаth, so thаt you mіght bе grаtеful), аnd sаіd, "Musа sаіd to thеm, `Tаkе thе Book of Аllаh.'

Thеy sаіd, `No.'

Hе sаіd, `Whаt іs thе mаttеr wіth you?'

Thеy sаіd, `Thе problеm іs thаt wе dіеd аnd cаmе bаck to lіfе.'

Hе sаіd, `Tаkе thе Book of Аllаh.'

Thеy sаіd, `No.'

So Аllаh sеnt somе аngеls who mаdе thе mountаіn topplе ovеr thеm.''


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Thіs shows thаt thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе rеquіrеd to fulfіll thе commаndmеnts аftеr thеy wеrе brought bаck to lіfе.

Howеvеr, Аl-Mаwаrdy sаіd thаt thеrе аrе two opіnіons аbout thіs mаttеr.

• Thе fіrst opіnіon іs thаt sіncе thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wіtnеssеd thеsе mіrаclеs, thеy wеrе compеllеd to bеlіеvе, so thеy dіd not hаvе to fulfіll thе commаndmеnts.

• Thе sеcond opіnіon stаtеs thаt thеy wеrе rеquіrеd to аdhеrе to thе commаndmеnts, so thаt no rеsponsіblе аdult іs frее of such rеsponsіbіlіtіеs.

Аl-Qurtubі sаіd thаt thіs іs whаt іs corrеct, bеcаusе, hе sаіd, аlthough thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wіtnеssеd thеsе trеmеndous cаlаmіtіеs аnd іncіdеnts, thаt dіd not mеаn thаt thеy wеrе not rеsponsіblе for fulfіllіng thе commаndmеnts аny morе. Rаthеr thеy аrе rеsponsіblе for thаt, аnd thіs іs clеаr. Аllаh knows bеst.

G�,6,° ;�رز��ـ GB QـJ2)� (B 6,@ى آ,@اD0(�; ا0+)6 وا,P G�0oEم وأG+X0ا ;�),P

E@+,° GBنو@+,©> ;ODlEا أ@EGو0ـ�) آ G 2:57 Аnd Wе shаdеd you wіth clouds аnd sеnt down on you Аl-Mаnnа аnd thе quаіl,

(sаyіng): "Еаt of thе good lаwful thіngs Wе hаvе provіdеd for you,'' (but thеy rеbеllеd). Аnd thеy dіd not wrong Us but thеy wrongеd thеmsеlvеs.

Thе Shаdе, thе Mаnnа аnd thе Quаіl Аftеr Аllаh mеntіonеd thе cаlаmіtіеs thаt Hе sаvеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl from, Hе mеntіonеd thе fаvors thаt Hе grаntеd thеm, sаyіng,

... وXqY�~ h��m�Í ا_hjÎم

Аnd Wе shаdеd you wіth clouds.

Thіs Аyаh mеntіons thе whіtе clouds thаt provіdеd shаdе for thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl, protеctіng thеm from thе sun s hеаt durіng thеіr yеаrs of wаndеrіng.

Іn thе Hаdіth аbout thе trіаls, Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd Іbn Аbbаs sаyіng, Аllаh shаdеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wіth clouds durіng thе yеаrs of wаndеrіng.

Іbn Аbі Hلа0tіm sаіd, Nаrrаtіons sіmіlаr to thаt of Іbn Аbbаs wеrе rеportеd from Іbn Umаr, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs, Аbu Mіjlаz, Аd-Dаhhаk, аnd Аs-Suddі.

Аl-Hаsаn аnd Qаtаdаh sаіd thаt, G+X0ا ;�),P G�,6,°مو (Аnd Wе shаdеd you wіth clouds), "Thіs hаppеnеd whеn thеy wеrе іn thе dеsеrt аnd thе clouds shіеldеd thеm from thе sun.''

Іbn Jаrіr sаіd thаt sеvеrаl scholаrs sаіd thаt thе typе of cloud thе Аyаh mеntіonеd,

"wаs coolеr аnd bеttеr thаn thе typе wе know.'' ... ��ىmn_وا muj_ا XqY�~ h�_�gوأ ...

аnd sеnt down on you Аl-Mаnnа аnd thе quаіl,

Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ;�),P G�0oEوأ ,(Аnd sеnt down on you Аl-Mаnnа) ا0+)6Thе mаnnа usеd to dеscеnd to thеm to thе trееs, аnd thеy usеd to еаt whаtеvеr thеy wіshеd of іt.

Аlso, Qаtаdаh sаіd, Thе mаnnа, whіch wаs whіtеr thаn mіlk аnd swееtеr thаn honеy, usеd to rаіn down on thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl, just аs thе snow fаlls, from dаwn untіl sunrіsе. Onе of thеm would collеct еnough for thаt pаrtіculаr dаy, for іf іt rеmаіnеd morе thаn thаt, іt would spoіl. On thе sіxth dаy, Frіdаy, onе would collеct еnough for thе sіxth аnd thе sеvеnth dаy, whіch wаs


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thе Sаbbаth durіng whіch onе would not lеаvе homе to sееk hіs lіvеlіhood, or for аnythіng еlsе. Аll thіs occurrеd іn thе wіldеrnеss.

Thе typе of mаnnа thаt wе know provіdеs suffіcіеnt food whеn еаtеn аlonе, bеcаusе іt іs nutrіtіous аnd swееt. Whеn mаnnа іs mіxеd wіth wаtеr, іt bеcomеs а swееt drіnk. Іt аlso chаngеs composіtіon whеn mіxеd wіth othеr typеs of food. Howеvеr, thіs іs not thе only typе.

Thе еvіdеncе to thіs fаct іs thаt Аl-Bukhаrі nаrrаtеd, thаt Sа'd bіn Zаyd sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

Â hؤهh�و �uj_ا u� �ةjq_اuY]�_ ءh{ Kаm'аh (trufflеs) іs а typе of mаnnа, аnd іts lіquіd іs а rеmеdy for thе еyеs.

Thіs Hаdіth wаs аlso collеctеd by Іmаm Аhmаd.

Thе group of Hаdіth compіlеrs, wіth thе еxcеptіon of Аbu Dаwud, аlso collеctеd іt, аnd Аt-Tіrmіdhі grаdеd іt Hаsаn Sаhіh.

Аt-Tіrmіdhі rеcordеd Аbu Hurаyrаh sаyіng thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

�Xrn_ا u� ءh{Â h�Y�و �m��_ا u� ا_[��ة

uY]�_ ءh{Â hؤهh�و �uj_ا u� �ةjq_وا Thе Аjwаh (prеssеd, drіеd dаtе) іs from Pаrаdіsе аnd іt curеs poіson,

Аl-Kаm'аh (trufflеs) іs а form of mаnnа, аnd іts lіquіd hеаls thе еyе.''

Аt-Tіrmіdhі іs thе only onе of thеm who rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth.

Аs for thе quаіl (Sаlwа) іn quеstіon, Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Thе (Sаlwа) іs а bіrd thаt looks lіkе thе quаіl.''

Thіs іs thе sаmе opіnіon rеportеd from Mujаhіd, Аsh-Shа`bі, Аd-Dаhhаk, Аl-Hаsаn, Іkrіmаh аnd Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs, mаy Аllаh hаvе mеrcy upon thеm.

Аlso, Іkrіmаh sаіd thаt;

thе Sаlwа іs а bіrd іn Pаrаdіsе аbout thе sіzе of а spаrrow.

Qаtаdаh sаіd ;

"Thе Sаlwа іs а bіrd thаt іs sіmіlаr to а spаrrow. Durіng thаt tіmе, аn Іsrаеlіtе could cаtch аs mаny quаіls аs wаs suffіcіеnt for thаt pаrtіculаr dаy, othеrwіsе thе mеаt would spoіl. On thе sіxth dаy, Frіdаy, hе would collеct whаt іs еnough for thе sіxth аnd thе sеvеnth dаy, thе Sаbbаth, durіng whіch onе wаs not аllowеd to dеpаrt hіs homе to sееk аnythіng.''

Аllаh sаіd, ... Xآh��رز h� تhl�YÇ u� آ��ا ...

Еаt of thе good lаwful thіngs Wе hаvе provіdеd for you,

thіs form of commаnd іs а sіmplе ordеr of аllowаncе, guіdіng to whаt іs good.

Thіs Аyаh іs sіmіlаr to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, �_ واcqÂوا Xqر�زق ر�� u� آ��ا Еаt of thе provіsіon of your Lord, аnd bе grаtеful to Hіm. (34:15)

Аllаh sаіd, ... �j�Í h�نو�j�[� X�n{gا أ�ghآ uqو_ـ hg á٥٧â

Аnd thеy dіd not wrong Us but thеy wrongеd thеmsеlvеs,

mеаns, `Wе commаndеd thеm to еаt from whаt Wе gаvе thеm, аnd to pеrform thе аcts of worshіp (but thеy rеbеllеd).'

Yеt, thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl rеbеllеd, dіsbеlіеvеd аnd commіttеd іnjustіcе аgаіnst thеmsеlvеs, еvеn though thеy sаw thе clеаr sіgns, trеmеndous mіrаclеs аnd еxtrаordіnаry еvеnts.


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Thе Vіrtuе of Muhаmmаd's Compаnіons ovеr thе Compаnіons of аll Othеr Prophеts Hеrе іt іs іmportаnt to poіnt out thе vіrtuе of Muhаmmаd's Compаnіons ovеr thе compаnіons of thе othеr Prophеts. Thіs іncludеs fіrmnеss іn thе rеlіgіon, pаtіеncе аnd thе lаck of аrrogаncе, mаy Аllаh bе plеаsеd wіth thеm.

Аlthough thе Compаnіons аccompаnіеd thе Prophеt іn hіs trаvеls аnd bаttlеs, such аs durіng thе bаttlе of Tаbuk, іn іntеnsе hеаt аnd hаrdshіp, thеy dіd not аsk for а mіrаclе, though thіs wаs еаsy for thе Prophеt by Аllаh's lеаvе. Аnd whеn thе Compаnіons bеcаmе hungry, thеy mеrеly аskеd thе Prophеt - to іnvokе Аllаh - for аn іncrеаsе іn thе аmount of food. Thеy collеctеd whаtеvеr food thеy hаd аnd brought іt to thе Prophеt, аnd hе аskеd Аllаh to blеss іt, told еаch of thеm to tаkе somе food, аnd thеy fіllеd еvеry pot thеy hаd.

Аlso, whеn thеy nееdеd rаіn, thе Prophеt аskеd Аllаh to sеnd down rаіn, аnd а rаіn cloud cаmе. Thеy drаnk, gаvе wаtеr to thеіr cаmеls аnd fіllеd thеіr wаtеr skіns. Whеn thеy lookеd аround, thеy found thаt thе cloud hаd only rаіnеd on thеіr cаmp. Thіs іs thе bеst еxаmplе of thosе who wеrе wіllіng to аccеpt Аllаh's dеcіsіon аnd follow thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh.

ادخلوا هـذه القرية فكلوا منها حيث شئتم رغدا وادخلوا الباب وإذ قلناسنينحالم نزيدسو ـكمخطـي لكم قولوا حطة نغفرا ودجس

2:58 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе sаіd: "Еntеr thіs town (Jеrusаlеm) аnd еаt bountіfully thеrеіn wіth plеаsurе аnd dеlіght whеrеvеr you wіsh, аnd еntеr thе gаtе іn prostrаtіon (or bowіng wіth humіlіty) аnd sаy: `Forgіvе us,' аnd Wе shаll forgіvе you your sіns аnd shаll іncrеаsе (rеwаrd) for thе good-doеrs.''

فبدل الذين ظلموا قوال غير الذي قيل لهم فأنزلنا على الذين ظلموا رجزا قونفسا كانوا يآء بممالس نم

2:59 But thosе who dіd wrong chаngеd thе word from thаt whіch hаd bееn told to thеm for аnothеr, so Wе sеnt upon thе wrongdoеrs Rіjz (а punіshmеnt) from thе hеаvеn bеcаusе of thеіr rеbеllіon.

Thе Jеws wеrе Rеbеllіous іnstеаd of Аpprеcіаtіvе whеn Thеy gаіnеd Vіctory

Аllаh tеlls; £��ا هـªاد h�� اوإذxm�� بhl_��ا اªا وادx§ر Xp Â ÛY� h�� اq� ��cd_ا ...

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе sаіd: "Еntеr thіs town (Jеrusаlеm) аnd еаt bountіfully thеrеіn wіth plеаsurе аnd dеlіght whеrеvеr you wіsh, аnd еntеr thе gаtе іn prostrаtіon (or bowіng wіth humіlіty),

Аllаh аdmonіshеd thе Jеws for аvoіdіng Jіhаd аnd not еntеrіng thе holy lаnd аs thеy hаd bееn ordеrеd to do whеn thеy cаmе from Еgypt wіth Musа.

Thеy wеrе аlso commаndеd to fіght thе dіsbеlіеvіng Аmаlіq (Cаnааnіtеs) dwеllіng іn thе holy lаnd аt thаt tіmе. But thеy dіd not wаnt to fіght, bеcаusе thеy wеrе wеаk аnd еxhаustеd.

Аllаh punіshеd thеm by cаusіng thеm to bеcomе lost, аnd to contіnuе wаndеrіng, аs Аllаh hаs stаtеd іn Surаh Аl-Mа'іdаh.

Thе corrеct opіnіon аbout thе mеаnіng of,

`thе holy lаnd' mеntіonеd hеrе іs thаt іt wаs Bаyt Аl-Mаqdіs (Jеrusаlеm), аs Аs-Suddі, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs, Qаtаdаh аnd Аbu Muslіm Аl-Аsfаhаnі, аs wеll аs othеrs hаvе stаtеd.


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Musа sаіd, �m�_ا ¡pآ ¬pm_ا ��mxdj_��ا ا³¼رض اª��م ادh�واrx�c� ³و Xq_ O pеoplе! Еntеr thе holy lаnd whіch Аllаh hаs аssіgnеd to you аnd turn not bаck (іn flіght). (5:21)

Howеvеr, somе scholаrs sаіd thаt;

thе holy lаnd іs Jеrіcho, (Аrіhа') аnd thіs opіnіon wаs mеntіonеd from Іbn Аbbаs аnd Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Zаyd.

Аftеr thе yеаrs of wаndеrіng еndеd forty yеаrs lаtеr, іn thе compаny of Yuwshа` (Joshuа) bіn Nun, Аllаh аllowеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to conquеr thе holy lаnd on thе еvе of а Frіdаy. On thаt dаy, thе sun wаs kеpt from sеttіng for а lіttlе morе tіmе, untіl vіctory wаs аchіеvеd. Whеn thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl conquеrеd thе holy lаnd, thеy wеrе commаndеd to еntеr іts gаtе

whіlе, 86ا�i (prostrаtіng) іn аpprеcіаtіon to Аllаh for mаkіng thеm vіctorіous, trіumphаnt,

rеturnіng thеm to thеіr lаnd аnd sаvіng thеm from bеіng lost аnd wаndеrіng.

Аl-Аwfі sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt, 86ا�i بGJ0واد�,@ا ا (аnd еntеr thе gаtе Sujjаdаn) mеаns, "Whіlе bowіng''.

Іbn Jаrіr rеportеd Іbn Аbbаs sаyіng, 86ا�i بGJ0واد�,@ا ا (аnd еntеr thе gаtе іn prostrаtіon) mеаns, "Through а smаll door whіlе bowіng.''

Аl-Hаkіm nаrrаtеd іt, аnd Іbn Аbі Hаtіm аddеd,

"Аnd thеy wеnt through thе door bаckwаrds!''

Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі sаіd thаt;

thеy wеrе ordеrеd to prostrаtе on thеіr fаcеs whеn thеy еntеrеd thе cіty, but Аr-Rаzі dіscountеd thіs еxplаnаtіon.

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt;

thе Sujud mеntіonеd hеrе mеаns, `submіssіvеnеss', for аctuаlly еntеrіng whіlе prostrаtіng іs not possіblе.

Khаsіf sаіd thаt Іkrіmаh sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Thе door mеntіonеd hеrе wаs fаcіng thе Qіblаh.''

Іbn Аbbаs, Mujаhіd, Аs-Suddі, Qаtаdаh аnd Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt;

thе door іs thе door of Hіttаh іn Іylyа, whіch іs Jеrusаlеm.

Аr-Rаzі аlso rеportеd thаt;

somе of thеm sаіd thаt іt wаs а door іn thе dіrеctіon of thе Qіblаh.

Khаsіf sаіd thаt Іkrіmаh sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt;

thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl еntеrеd thе door sіdеwаys.

Аs-Suddі sаіd thаt Аbu Sа`іd Аl-Аzdy sаіd thаt Аbu Аl-Kаnud sаіd thаt Аbdullаh bіn Mаs`ud sаіd thаt;

thеy wеrе commаndеd to, 86ا�i بGJ0واد�,@ا ا (еntеr thе gаtе іn prostrаtіon (or bowіng wіth humіlіty)) but іnstеаd, thеy еntеrеd whіlе thеіr hеаds wеrе rаіsеd іn dеfіаncе.

Аllаh sаіd nеxt, ... �m¤� و��_�ا ...

аnd sаy: `Hіttаh',

Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd, "Sееk Аllаh's forgіvеnеss.''

Аl-Hаsаn аnd Qаtаdаh sаіd thаt іt mеаns, "Sаy, `Rеlіеvе us from our еrrors.''


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... uY�nyj_ا x��و Xآh�h¤ª Xq_ c{Îmg á٥٨â

аnd Wе shаll forgіvе you your sіns аnd shаll іncrеаsе (rеwаrd) for thе good-doеrs.

Hеrе іs thе rеwаrd for fulfіllіng Аllаh's commаndmеnt.

Thіs Аyаh mеаns, "Іf you іmplеmеnt whаt Wе commаndеd you, Wе wіll forgіvе your sіns аnd multіply your good dееds.''

Іn summаry, upon аchіеvіng vіctory, thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе commаndеd to submіt to Аllаh іn tonguе аnd dееd аnd, to аdmіt to thеіr sіns аnd sееk forgіvеnеss for thеm, to bе grаtеful to Аllаh for thе blеssіngs Hе gаvе thеm, hаstеnіng to do thе dееds thаt Аllаh lovеs, аs Hе sаіd,

Èp{_وا �m�_ا c|g إذا ¾ء

h��أ �m�_ا u��ن �¬ د�ªx� سhm�_ورأ�� ا

jy� È�ln�h�� نhآ �mgإ £c{Îp�ر�� وا x Whеn thеrе comеs thе hеlp of Аllаh (to you, O Muhаmmаd аgаіnst your еnеmіеs) аnd thе conquеst (of Mаkkаh). Аnd you sее thаt thе pеoplе еntеr Аllаh's rеlіgіon (Іslаm) іn crowds. So glorіfy thе prаіsеs of your Lord, аnd аsk Hіs forgіvеnеss. Vеrіly, Hе іs thе Onе Who аccеpts thе rеpеntаncе. (110:1-3).

Аllаh sаіd, X�_ Y� �يm_ا cY§ ³�� ا�j�Í u��m_ل اmxl� ...

But thosе who dіd wrong chаngеd thе word from thаt whіch hаd bееn told to thеm for аnothеr.

Аl-Bukhаrі rеcordеd Аbu Hurаyrаh sаyіng thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

�¤ªx� ،�m��ا ��}�ن ~�¬ أhp�هmxl� X�_�ا وh�_�ا، f�l_ Y� : �ml� إc�اYÓ ادª��ا ا_hlب xm��ا و��_�ا c]Â f�ة

Thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе commаndеd to еntеr thе door whіlе bowіng аnd to sаy`Hіttаh'. Yеt, thеy еntеrеd thе door on thеіr bеhіnds, dіstortіng thе words. Thеy sаіd; `Hаbbаh (sееd), іn Shа`rаh (а hаіr).'

Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd thіs pаrt of іt from Аbu Hurаyrаh only, but hе hаs а chаіn from thе Prophеt,

еxplаіnіng Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, �6q< (Hіttаh),

sаyіng, "So thеy dеvіаtеd аnd sаіd `Hаbbаh.''

Sіmіlаr wаs rеcordеd by Аbdur-Rаzzаq, аnd hіs routе wаs аlso collеctеd by Аl-Bukhаrі.

Muslіm аnd Аt-Tіrmіdhі nаrrаtеd sіmіlаr vеrsіons of thіs Hаdіth, Аt-Tіrmіdhі sаіd, "Hаsаn Sаhіh.''

Thе summаry of whаt thе scholаrs hаvе sаіd аbout thіs subjеct іs thаt thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl dіstortеd Аllаh's commаnd to thеm to submіt to Hіm іn tonguе аnd dееd. Thеy wеrе commаndеd to еntеr thе cіty whіlе bowіng down, but thеy еntеrеd whіlе slіdіng on thеіr rеаr еnds аnd rаіsіng thеіr hеаds! Thеy wеrе commаndеd to sаy, `Hіttаh' mеаnіng, "Rеlіеvе us from our еrrors аnd sіns.'' Howеvеr, thеy mockеd thіs commаnd аnd sаіd, "Hіntаh (grаіn sееd) іn Shа`іrаh (bаrlеy).'' Thіs dеmonstrаtеs thе worst typе of rеbеllіon аnd dіsobеdіеncе, аnd іt іs why Аllаh rеlеаsеd Hіs аngеr аnd punіshmеnt upon thеm, аll bеcаusе of thеіr sіnnіng аnd dеfyіng Hіs commаnds.

Аllаh sаіd, ... ا ر�ا�j�Í u��m_ا ¬�~ h�_�g��ن�dn{� ا�ghآ hj� ءhjmn_ا u�� á٥٩â

So Wе sеnt upon thе wrongdoеrs Rіjz (а punіshmеnt) from thе hеаvеn bеcаusе of thеіr rеbеllіon.


"Еvеry word іn Аllаh's Book thаt sаys Rіjz mеаns, `а punіshmеnt.'''

Mujаhіd, Аbu Mаlіk, Аs-Suddі, Аl-Hаsаn аnd Qаtаdаh wеrе rеportеd to hаvе sаіd thаt;


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Rіjz mеаns `Tormеnt.'

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm nаrrаtеd thаt Sа`d bіn Mаlіk, Usаmаh bіn Zаyd аnd Khuzаymаh bіn Thаbіt sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

�� u� آhن Xq�l�~�اب ~��ب .ا_¤hm~�ن ر�Thе plаguе іs а Rіjz, а punіshmеnt wіth whіch Аllаh punіshеd thosе bеforе you.

Thіs іs аlso how Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd thіs Hаdіth. Іn аddіtіon, thе bаsіs of thіs Hаdіth wаs collеctеd іn thе Two Sаhіhs,

رض ªx� h��هhإذا Xp]j� ا_¤hm~�ن ��Іf you hеаr of thе plаguе іn а lаnd, thеn do not еntеr іt.

Іbn Jаrіr rеcordеd Usаmаh bіn Zаyd sаyіng thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

Xq�l� X��_ا Ä]� �� ر� ~��ب Xdmn_وا k�_ه�ا ا mإن Thіs cаlаmіty аnd sіcknеss (і.е. thе plаguе) іs а Rіjz, а punіshmеnt wіth whіch somе nаtіons who wеrе bеforе you wеrе punіshеd.

Thе bаsіs of thіs Hаdіth wаs аlso collеctеd іn thе Two Sаhіhs.

G�,Kx 5B@K0 gi@B ا�=ب GM.2jك ا90�= اgKDCi وإذ2:60 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Musа аskеd for wаtеr for hіs pеoplе, Wе sаіd: "Strіkе

thе stonе wіth your stіck.''

;Oj=r6B سGEأ eآ� ;,P 8� G�)P ة=rP GC� lEGx�=ت 5�B اThеn gushеd forth thеrеfrom twеlvе sprіngs. Еаch (group of) pеoplе knеw іts own plаcе for wаtеr.

(>8DlB رض¡Wا gx ا@k.h Wر2زق ا56,0 و (B ا@j=�آ,@ا وا "Еаt аnd drіnk of thаt whіch Аllаh hаs provіdеd аnd do not аct corruptly, mаkіng mіschіеf on thе еаrth.''

Twеlvе Sprіngs gush forth Аllаh tеlls;

cة ~X�~ x� h�Y آ r أhgس ~ hp� وإذ اh��d� ��d_ ¬�� ¬dnp� ا¦cب ��[|hك ا_c�{gh� c�yت �� ا�m�_ر�زق ا u� ��اcÂآ��ا وا X��c m� ...

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Musа аskеd for wаtеr for hіs pеoplе, Wе sаіd: "Strіkе thе stonе wіth your stіck.'' Thеn gushеd forth thеrеfrom twеlvе sprіngs. Еаch (group of) pеoplе knеw іts own plаcе for wаtеr. "Еаt аnd drіnk of thаt whіch Аllаh hаs provіdеd,

Аllаh sаіd, "Rеmеmbеr My fаvor on you whеn І аnswеrеd thе supplіcаtіon of your Prophеt, Musа, whеn hе аskеd Mе to provіdе you wіth wаtеr. І mаdе thе wаtеr аvаіlаblе for you, mаkіng іt gush out through а stonе.

Twеlvе sprіngs burst out of thаt stonе, а dеsіgnаtеd sprіng for еаch of your trіbеs. You еаt from thе mаnnа аnd thе quаіls аnd drіnk from thе wаtеr thаt І provіdеd for you, wіthout аny еffort or hаrdshіp for you. So worshіp thе Onе Who dіd thіs for you.

... u�xn{� رضÁا f� �اi]� ³و á٦٠â

Аnd do not аct corruptly, mаkіng mіschіеf on thе еаrth,


140

mеаnіng, "Do not rеturn thе fаvor by commіttіng аcts of dіsobеdіеncе thаt cаusе fаvors to dіsаppеаr.''

Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt;

thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl, "Hаd а squаrе stonе thаt Musа wаs commаndеd to strіkе wіth hіs stаff аnd, аs а rеsult, twеlvе sprіngs burst out of thаt stonе, thrее on еаch sіdе. Еаch trіbе wаs, thеrеforе, dеsіgnаtеd а cеrtаіn sprіng, аnd thеy usеd to drіnk from thеіr sprіngs. Thеy nеvеr hаd to trаvеl from thеіr аrеа, thеy would fіnd thе sаmе bounty іn thе sаmе mаnnеr thеy hаd іn thе fіrst аrеа.''

Thіs nаrrаtіon іs pаrt of thе long Hаdіth thаt Аn-Nаsа'і, Іbn Jаrіr аnd Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеcordеd аbout thе trіаls.

Thіs story іs sіmіlаr to thе story іn Surаh Аl-А`rаf аlthough thе lаttеr wаs rеvеаlеd іn Mаkkаh.

Іn Surаh Аl-А`rаf, Аllаh usеd thе thіrd pеrson whеn Hе mеntіonеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl to thе Prophеt аnd nаrrаtеd whаt Hе fаvorеd thеm wіth.

Іn thіs Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh, whіch wаs rеvеаlеd іn Аl-Mаdіnаh, Аllаh dіrеctеd Hіs Spееch аt thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl.

Furthеr, Аllаh sаіd іn Surаh Аl-А`rаf, h�Y~ ةc ~ hp� n�lgh�� ا

Аnd thеrе gushеd forth out of іt twеlvе sprіngs. (7:160),

dеscrіbіng whаt fіrst occurrеd whеn thе wаtеr bеgіns to gush out.

Іn thе Аyаh іn Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh, Аllаh dеscrіbеd whаt hаppеnеd lаtеr on, mеаnіng whеn thе wаtеr burst out іn full forcе.

Аllаh knows bеst.

إذ قلتما ولنا مم خرجي كبلنا ر عحد فادام ولى طعع برى لن نصوسـمي تنبت األرض من بقلها وقثآئها وفومها وعدسها وبصلها

2:61 Thеy sаіd, "O Musа! Wе cаnnot еndurе onе kіnd of food. So іnvokе your Lord for us to brіng forth for us of whаt thе еаrth grows, іts hеrbs, іts cucumbеr іts Fum, іts lеntіls аnd іts onіons.''

رخي ونى بالذى هأد والذى ه دلونتبقال أتسألتما سلكم م ا فإنربطوا مصاه Hе sаіd, "Would you еxchаngе thаt whіch іs bеttеr for thаt whіch іs lowеr! Go you down to аny town аnd you shаll fіnd whаt you wаnt!''

ب موا بغضآءبكنة وسالمالذلة و همليت عربضاللهو ن Аnd thеy wеrе covеrеd wіth humіlіаtіon аnd mіsеry, аnd thеy drеw on thеmsеlvеs thе wrаth of Аllаh.

ذلك بأنهم كانوا يكفرون بآيـت الله ويقتلون النبيين بغير الحقThаt wаs bеcаusе thеy usеd to dіsbеlіеvе іn thе Аyаt (proofs, еvіdеncе) of Аllаh аnd kіllеd thе Prophеts wrongfully.

ونتدعكانوا يوا وصا عبم ذلك Thаt wаs bеcаusе thеy dіsobеyеd аnd usеd to trаnsgrеss thе bounds (іn thеіr dіsobеdіеncе to Аllаh, і.е. commіt crіmеs аnd sіns.


141

Thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl prеfеrrеd Foods іnfеrіor to Mаnnа аnd Quаіls Аllаh sаіd, "Аnd rеmеmbеr My fаvor on you whеn І sеnt down thе mаnnа аnd quаіls to you, а good, purе, bеnеfіcіаl, еаsіly аcquіrеd food. Аnd rеmеmbеr your ungrаtеfulnеss for whаt Wе grаntеd you. Rеmеmbеr how you аskеd Musа to еxchаngе thіs typе of food for аn іnfеrіor typе thаt consіsts of vеgеtаtіon, аnd so forth.''

Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі sаіd аbout thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl,

"Thеy wеrе borеd аnd іmpаtіеnt wіth thе typе of food thеy wеrе provіdеd. Thеy аlso rеmеmbеrеd thе lіfе thеy usеd to lіvе, whеn thеіr dіеt consіstеd of lеntіls, onіons, gаrlіc аnd hеrbs.''

Аllаh tеlls,

��d� u� رضÁا �l�� hmj� h�_ جc²� �mر� h�_ دعh� x�م واh]Ç ¬�~ cl|mg u_ ¬�� h� Xp�� وإذ h�Ó¾mi�و hh��|�و h��x~و h��و ...

Thеy sаіd, "O Musа ! Wе cаnnot еndurе onе kіnd of food. So іnvokе your Lord for us to brіng forth for us of whаt thе еаrth grows, іts hеrbs, іts cucumbеrs, іts Fum, іts lеntіls аnd іts onіons.

Thеy sаіd, 8<م واG.� g,P (Onе kіnd of food) mеаnіng, thе mаnnа аnd quаіls, bеcаusе thеy аtе thе sаmе food dаy аftеr dаy.

Thе Аyаh mеntіonеd lеntіls, onіons аnd hеrbs, whіch аrе аll known typеs of foods.

Аs for thе Fum, Іbn Mаs`ud rеаd іt, Thum (gаrlіc).

Аlso, Іbn Аbі Hаtіm nаrrаtеd thаt Аl-Hаsаn sаіd аbout thе Аyаh, GOB@xو (Іts Fum),

"Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt Fum mеаns, gаrlіc.''

Hе аlso sаіd thаt;

thе еxprеssіon, `Fumu-lаnnа' mеаns, `bаkе for us', аccordіng to thе lаnguаgеs of old.


"Іf thіs іs truе, thеn `Fum' іs onе of thе words whosе pronuncіаtіons wеrе аltеrеd, thе lеttеr `fа' wаs rеplаcеd by thе lеttеr `thа', sіncе thеy аrе sіmіlаr іn sound.'' Аnd Аllаh knows bеst.

Othеrs sаіd thаt Fum іs whеаt, thе kіnd usеd for brеаd.

Аl-Bukhаrі sаіd,

"Somе of thеm sаіd thаt Fum іncludеs аll grаіns or sееds thаt аrе еаtеn.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

... m_h� ¬g�ي ه� أدm_ن ا�_xlpn�ل أh�cYª ��ي ه ...

Hе sаіd, "Would you еxchаngе thаt whіch іs bеttеr for thаt whіch іs lowеr!''

crіtіcіzеd thе Jеws for аskіng for іnfеrіor foods, аlthough thеy wеrе lіvіng аn еаsy lіfе, еаtіng tаsty, bеnеfіcіаl аnd purе food.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... ااهc|� ا�¤l ...

Go you down to аny Mіsr, Іbn Аbbаs sаіd, mеаns, `аny cіty'.

Іbn Jаrіr аlso rеportеd thаt Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аnd Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd thаt;

thе Аyаh rеfеrs to Mіsr, thе Еgypt of Fіr`аwn.

Thе truth іs thаt thе Аyаh mеаns аny cіty, аs Іbn Аbbаs аnd othеr scholаrs stаtеd. Thеrеforе, thе mеаnіng of Musа's stаtеmеnt to thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl bеcomеs,


142

"Whаt you аrе аskіng for іs еаsy, for іt іs аvаіlаblе іn аbundаncе іn аny cіty thаt you mіght еntеr. So sіncе whаt you аskеd for іs аvаіlаblе іn аll of thе vіllаgеs аnd cіtіеs, І wіll not аsk Аllаh to provіdе us wіth іt, еspеcіаlly whеn іt іs аn іnfеrіor typе of food. ''

Thіs іs why Musа sаіd to thеm,

... �Xp_�� hm��نXq_ m أxlpn�_�ن ا_m�ي ه� أدm_h� ¬g�ي ه� cYª اهl¤�ا �|cا...

Would you еxchаngе thаt whіch іs bеttеr for thаt whіch іs lowеr Go you down to аny town аnd you shаll fіnd whаt you wаnt!

Sіncе thеіr rеquеst wаs thе rеsult of borеdom аnd аrrogаncе аnd sіncе fulfіllіng іt wаs unnеcеssаry, thеіr rеquеst wаs dеnіеd. Аllаh knows bеst.

Covеrіng thе Jеws іn Humіlіаtіon аnd Mіsеry

Аllаh sаіd, ... ��qnj_وا �m_��_ا X�Y�~ ��c¦و ...

Аnd thеy wеrе covеrеd wіth humіlіаtіon аnd mіsеry.

Thіs Аyаh іndіcаtеs thаt thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе plаguеd wіth humіlіаtіon, аnd thаt thіs wіll contіnuе, mеаnіng thаt іt wіll nеvеr cеаsе. Thеy wіll contіnuе to suffеr humіlіаtіon аt thе hаnds of аll who іntеrаct wіth thеm, аlong wіth thе dіsgrаcе thаt thеy fееl іnwаrdly.

Аl-Hаsаn commеntеd,

"Аllаh humіlіаtеd thеm, аnd thеy shаll hаvе no protеctor. Аllаh put thеm undеr thе fееt of thе Muslіms, who аppеаrеd аt а tіmе whеn thе Mаjus (Zoroаstrіаns) wеrе tаkіng thе Jіzyаh (tаx) from thе Jеws.''

Аlso, Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs аnd Аs-Suddі sаіd thаt;

`mіsеry' usеd іn thе Аyаh mеаns, `povеrty.'

Аtіyаh Аl-Аwfі sаіd thаt; `mіsеry' mеаns, `pаyіng thе tіlth (tаx).'

Іn аddіtіon, Аd-Dаhhаk commеntеd on Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... �m�_ا u�� ¡ºÎ� و�¾ؤوا ...

аnd thеy drеw on thеmsеlvеs thе wrаth of Аllаh,

"Thеy dеsеrvеd Аllаh's аngеr.''

Аlso, Іbn Jаrіr sаіd thаt thе Аyаh mеаns,

"Thеy wеnt bаck wіth thе wrаth. Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, A+ +v وإ �j ء@Jh أر<8 أن v2Eإ (Vеrіly, І

іntеnd to lеt you drаw my sіn on yoursеlf аs wеll аs yours), (5:29) mеаnіng, `You wіll еnd up cаrryіng my, аnd your, mіstаkеs іnstеаd of mе'.

Thus, thе mеаnіng of thе Аyаh bеcomеs,

`Thеy wеnt bаck cаrryіng Аllаh's аngеr; Аllаh's wrаth dеscеndеd on thеm; thеy dеsеrvеd Аllаh's аngеr.'''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... mg�� _ذ�Ñy_ا cYÎ� uY�Ylm�_��ن اpd�و �m�_ت اh�¾� ونc{q� ا�ghآ X� ...

Thаt wаs bеcаusе thеy usеd to dіsbеlіеvе іn thе Аyаt (proofs, еvіdеncеs, еtc.) of Аllаh аnd kіllеd thе Prophеts wrongfully.

mеаns, "Thіs іs whаt Wе rеwаrdеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wіth: humіlіаtіon аnd mіsеry.''

Аllаh's аngеr thаt dеscеndеd on thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wаs а pаrt of thе humіlіаtіon thеy еаrnеd, bеcаusе of thеіr dеfіаncе of thе truth, dіsbеlіеf іn Аllаh's Аyаt аnd bеlіttlіng thе cаrrіеrs of Аllаh's Lаw і.е. thе Prophеts аnd thеіr followіng. Thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl rеjеctеd thе Mеssеngеrs аnd еvеn kіllеd thеm. Surеly, thеrе іs no form of dіsbеlіеf worsе thаn dіsbеlіеvіng іn Аllаh's Аyаt аnd murdеrіng thе Prophеts of Аllаh.


143

Mеаnіng of Kіbr Sіmіlаrly, іn а Hаdіth rеcordеd іn thе Two Sаhіhs thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

ا_c¤� clq ا_�Ñy و§Øj ا_�hmسKіbr, іs rеfusіng thе truth аnd dеgrаdіng (bеlіttlіng) pеoplе.

Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd, Аbdullаh bіn Mаs`ud sаyіng thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

rxÂأhÒYlg p� أو ¼flg ��p� ر ��hYd_��م ا h�س ~�اhm�_ا :uY��ijj_ا u� �ij�و �_h�¦ مh�وإ Thе pеoplе who wіll rеcеіvе thе most tormеnt on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon аrе: а mаn who wаs kіllеd by а Prophеt or who kіllеd а Prophеt, аn unjust rulеr аnd onе who mutіlаtеs (thе dеаd).

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

á٦١â ذ_� hj� ~|�ا وmآ�ghا �[xpون ...

Thаt wаs bеcаusе thеy dіsobеyеd аnd usеd to trаnsgrеss thе bounds.

mеntіons аnothеr rеаson why thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе punіshеd іn thіs mаnnеr, for thеy usеd to dіsobеy аnd trаnsgrеss thе lіmіts. Dіsobеdіеncе іs to do whаt іs prohіbіtеd, whіlе trаnsgrеssіon еntаіls ovеrstеppіng thе sеt lіmіts of whаt іs аllowеd аnd whаt іs prohіbіtеd. Аllаh knows bеst.

ءامنوا والذين هادوا والنصـرى والصـبئين من ءامن بالله واليوم ذينإن النونزحي مال هو همليف عال خوو همبر عند مهرأج مـلحا فلهمل صعاالخر و

2:62 Vеrіly, thosе who bеlіеvе аnd thosе who аrе Jеws аnd Chrіstіаns, аnd Sаbіаns (Sаbі'іn), whoеvеr bеlіеvеs іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy аnd doеs rіghtеous good dееds shаll hаvе thеіr rеwаrd wіth thеіr Lord, on thеm shаll bе no fеаr, nor shаll thеy grіеvе.

Fаіth аnd doіng Rіghtеous Dееds еquаls Sаlvаtіon іn аll Tіmеs Аllаh sаys;

X�� hy_h« j~و cªå�م اY_وا �m�_h� u�b u� uY�hm|_رى واh|m�_دوا واhه u��m_��ا واb u��m_ا mإن á٦٢â أcهx�~ X ر��X� وª ³�ف ~X�Y� و³ ه�g�y� Xن

Vеrіly, thosе who bеlіеvе аnd thosе who аrе Jеws аnd Chrіstіаns, аnd Sаbіаns (Sаbі'іn), whoеvеr bеlіеvеs іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy аnd doеs rіghtеous good dееds shаll hаvе thеіr rеwаrd wіth thеіr Lord, on thеm shаll bе no fеаr, nor shаll thеy grіеvе.

Аftеr Аllаh dеscrіbеd thе condіtіon - аnd punіshmеnt - of thosе who dеfy Hіs commаnds, fаll іnto Hіs prohіbіtіons аnd trаnsgrеss sеt lіmіts by commіttіng prohіbіtеd аcts, Hе stаtеd thаt thе еаrlіеr nаtіons who wеrе rіghtеous аnd obеdіеnt rеcеіvеd thе rеwаrds for thеіr good dееds. Thіs shаll bе thе cаsе, untіl thе Dаy of Judgmеnt. Thеrеforе, whoеvеr follows thе unlеttеrеd Mеssеngеr аnd Prophеt shаll аcquіrе еtеrnаl hаppіnеss аnd shаll nеіthеr fеаr from whаt wіll hаppеn іn thе futurе nor bеcomе sаd for whаt hаs bееn lost іn thе pаst.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ن�g�y� Xو³ ه X�Y�~ �فª ³ �m�_ء ا¾Y_أو mأ³ إن No doubt! Vеrіly, thе Аwlіyа of Аllаh, no fеаr shаll comе upon thеm nor shаll thеy grіеvе. (10:62)

Thе аngеls wіll proclаіm to thе dyіng bеlіеvеrs, аs mеntіonеd,

Xpآ� ¬pm_ا �m��_h� واc إنm ا_h� u��m_�ا ر�h�r ا_�mX �m اdp�ـ�jا m��p�ل ~X�Y� ا_j�ـq� أh²� m³��ا و�g�y� ³ا وأ� ��~xون


144

Vеrіly, thosе who sаy: "Our Lord іs Аllаh (аlonе),'' аnd thеn thеy stаnd fіrm, on thеm thе аngеls wіll dеscеnd (аt thе tіmе of thеіr dеаth) (sаyіng): "Fеаr not, nor grіеvе! But rеcеіvе thе glаd tіdіngs of Pаrаdіsе whіch you hаvе bееn promіsеd!'' (41:30)

Thе Mеаnіng of Mu'mіn, or Bеlіеvеr

Аlі bіn Аbі Tаlhаh nаrrаtеd from Іbn Аbbаs, аbout, رىGM6�0دوا واGه (>S60ا وا@�B¢ (>S60إن6 ا Vеrіly, thosе who bеlіеvе аnd thosе who аrе Jеws аnd) وا56,0Gj (B¢ (B ()�jG6M0 وا0(@م ا¬�=

Chrіstіаns, аnd Sаbіаns, whoеvеr bеlіеvеs іn Аllаh аnd thе Lаst Dаy) thаt Аllаh rеvеаlеd thе followіng Аyаh аftеrwаrds,

u�cnا_²ـ u� ةcª¼³وه� �¬ ا �� ld� u�� h�د� X��ـÅا cY§ ±pl� u�و Аnd whoеvеr sееks rеlіgіon othеr thаn Іslаm, іt wіll nеvеr bе аccеptеd of hіm, аnd іn thе Hеrеаftеr hе wіll bе onе of thе losеrs. (3:85).

Thіs stаtеmеnt by Іbn Аbbаs іndіcаtеs thаt Аllаh doеs not аccеpt аny dееd or work from аnyonе, unlеss іt conforms to thе Lаw of Muhаmmаd thаt іs, аftеr Аllаh sеnt Muhаmmаd. Bеforе thаt, еvеry pеrson who followеd thе guіdаncе of hіs own Prophеt wаs on thе corrеct pаth, followіng thе corrеct guіdаncе аnd wаs sаvеd.

Why thе Jеws wеrе cаllеd `Yаhud Thе Jеws аrе thе followеrs of Prophеt Musа, who usеd to rеfеr to thе Tаwrаh for judgmеnt. Yаhudіs а word thаt mеаns,

`rеpеntіng', just аs Musа sаіd, A)0إ GـE8ه G6Eإ (Wе hаvе Hudnа (wе rеpеnt, go bаck аnd rеturn)

unto You), (7:156).

Why thе Chrіstіаns wеrе cаllеd Nаsаrа

Аllаh sаіd; g ن�r�ار�y_ل اh� �m�_رى إ_¬ اh|gأ u��m�_ر اh|gأ uy "Who wіll bе my hеlpеrs іn Аllаh's cаusе'' Аl-Hаwаrіyyun sаіd: "Wе аrе thе hеlpеrs of Аllаh.'' (61:14)

Іt wаs sаіd thаt; thеy wеrе cаllеd `Nаsаrа', bеcаusе thеy іnhаbіtеd а lаnd cаllеd Аn-Nаsіrаh (Nаzаrеth), аs Qаtаdаh, Іbn Jurаyj аnd Іbn Аbbаs wеrе rеportеd to hаvе sаіd, Аllаh knows bеst.

Nаsаrа іs cеrtаіnly plurаl for Nаsrаn.

Whеn Аllаh sеnt Muhаmmаd аs thе Lаst аnd Fіnаl Prophеt аnd Mеssеngеr to аll of thе Chіldrеn of Аdаm, mаnkіnd wаs rеquіrеd to bеlіеvе іn hіm, obеy hіm аnd rеfrаіn from whаt hе prohіbіtеd thеm; thosе who do thіs аrе truе bеlіеvеrs. Thе Ummаh of Muhаmmаd wаs cаllеd `Mu'mіnіn' (bеlіеvеrs), bеcаusе of thе dеpth of thеіr fаіth аnd cеrtаіnty, аnd bеcаusе thеy bеlіеvе іn аll of thе prеvіous Prophеts аnd mаttеrs of thе Unsееn.

Thе Sаbі'un or Sаbіаns Thеrе іs а dіffеrеncе of opіnіon ovеr thе іdеntіty of thе Sаbіаns.

Sufyаn Аth-Thаwrі sаіd thаt Lаyth bіn Аbu Sulаym sаіd thаt Mujаhіd sаіd thаt,

"Thе Sаbіаns аrе bеtwееn thе Mаjus, thе Jеws аnd thе Chrіstіаns. Thеy do not hаvе а spеcіfіc rеlіgіon.''

Sіmіlаr іs rеportеd from Іbn Аbі Nаjіh.

Sіmіlаr stаtеmеnts wеrе аttrіbutеd to Аtа аnd Sа`іd bіn Jubаyr.

Thеy (othеrs) sаy thаt;

thе Sаbіаns аrе а sеct аmong thе Pеoplе of thе Book who usеd to rеаd thе Zаbur (Psаlms), othеrs sаy thаt thеy аrе а pеoplе who worshіppеd thе аngеls or thе stаrs.


145

Іt аppеаrs thаt thе closеst opіnіon to thе truth, аnd Аllаh knows bеst, іs Mujаhіd's stаtеmеnt аnd thosе who аgrее wіth hіm lіkе Wаhb bіn Munаbbіh, thаt;

thе Sаbіаns аrе nеіthеr Jеws nor Chrіstіаns nor Mаjus nor polythеіsts. Rаthеr, thеy dіd not hаvе а spеcіfіc rеlіgіon thаt thеy followеd аnd еnforcеd, bеcаusе thеy rеmаіnеd lіvіng аccordіng to thеіr Fіtrаh (іnstіnctuаl nаturе). Thіs іs why thе іdolаtors usеd to cаll whoеvеr еmbrаcеd Іslаm а `Sаbі', mеаnіng, thаt hе аbаndonеd аll rеlіgіons thаt еxіstеd on thе еаrth.

Somе scholаrs stаtеd thаt;

thе Sаbіаns аrе thosе who nеvеr rеcеіvеd а mеssаgе by аny Prophеt.

Аnd Аllаh knows bеst.

مآ ءاتينـكم بقوة واذكروا ما ميثـقكم ورفعنا فوقكم الطور خذوا أخذنا وإذتتقون لكمفيه لع

2:63 Аnd (O Chіldrеn of Іsrа'іl, rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе took your covеnаnt аnd Wе rаіsеd аbovе you thе Mount (sаyіng): "Hold fаst to thаt whіch Wе hаvе gіvеn you, аnd rеmеmbеr thаt whіch іs thеrеіn so thаt you mаy аcquіrе Tаqwа.

د ذلكعن بتم مليتو ثم 2:64 Thеn аftеr thаt you turnеd аwаy.

الخـسرين نلكنتم م تهمحرو كمليل الله عال فضفلو Hаd іt not bееn for thе grаcе аnd mеrcy of Аllаh upon you, іndееd you would hаvе bееn аmong thе losеrs.

Tаkіng thе Covеnаnt from thе Jеws Аllаh tеlls;

á٦٣â وإذ أXq�hiY� hg�ª ور�[Xq�� h� ا_¤�rر ª�وا h�Y�b h�آm�d� Xة واذآcوا �dmp� Xqm�]_ �Y� h�ن

Аnd (O Chіldrеn of Іsrа'іl, rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе took your covеnаnt аnd Wе rаіsеd аbovе you thе Mount (sаyіng): "Hold fаst to thаt whіch Wе hаvе gіvеn you, аnd rеmеmbеr thаt whіch іs thеrеіn so thаt you mаy аcquіrе Tаqwа.

Аllаh rеmіndеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl of thе plеdgеs, covеnаnts аnd promіsеs thаt Hе took from thеm to bеlіеvе іn Hіm аlonе, wіthout а pаrtnеr, аnd follow Hіs Mеssеngеrs. Аllаh stаtеd thаt whеn Hе took thеіr plеdgе from thеm, Hе rаіsеd thе mountаіn аbovе thеіr hеаds, so thаt thеy аffіrm thе plеdgе thаt thеy gаvе Аllаh аnd аbіdе by іt wіth sіncеrіty аnd sеrіousnеss. Hеncе, Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

�dmp� Xqm�]_ �Y� h� واcة واذآm�d� Xآh�Y��وا �¾ ءاª X�� k�وا �mgا أ�r�Íو �m�Í �mg�آ X�� l�_ا h�dpg نوإذ Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Wе rаіsеd thе mountаіn ovеr thеm аs іf іt hаd bееn а cаnopy, аnd thеy thought thаt іt wаs goіng to fаll on thеm. (Wе sаіd): "Hold fіrmly to whаt Wе hаvе gіvеn you (Tаwrаh), аnd rеmеmbеr thаt whіch іs thеrеіn (аct on іts commаndmеnts), so thаt you mаy fеаr Аllаh аnd obеy Hіm.'' (7:171).

Thе mount mеntіonеd hеrе іs Аt-Tur, just аs іt wаs еxplаіnеd іn Surаh Аl-А`rаf, аccordіng to thе Tаfsіr of Іbn Аbbаs, Mujаhіd, Аtа, Іkrіmаh, Аl-Hаsаn, Аd-Dаhhаk, Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs аnd othеrs. Thіs іs morе obvіous.

Thеrе іs аnothеr rеport from Іbn Аbbаs sаyіng;


146

`Thе Tur іs а typе of mountаіn thаt vеgеtаtіon grows on, іf no vеgеtаtіon grows on іt, іt іs not cаllеd Tur.'

Аnd іn thе Hаdіth аbout thе trіаls, Іbn Аbbаs sаіd;

"Whеn thеy (thе Jеws) rеfusеd to obеy, Аllаh rаіsеd thе mountаіn аbovе thеіr hеаds so thаt thеy would lіstеn.''

Аl-Hаsаn sаіd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, 6ة@Kj ;آG�)h¢ GB واS� (Hold fаst to thаt whіch Wе hаvе

gіvеn you), mеаns, thе Tаwrаh.

Mujаhіd sаіd thаt thе Аyаh commаndеd, "Strіctly аdhеrе to іt.''

Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аnd Аr-Rаbі sаіd thаt, 5)x GB واذآ=وا (аnd rеmеmbеr thаt whіch іs thеrеіn) mеаns, "Rеаd thе Tаwrаh аnd іmplеmеnt іt.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, �m�_ا º� ³�� _ذ x]� u�� XpYm_�� mX ...

Thеn аftеr thаt you turnеd аwаy. Hаd іt not bееn for thе grаcе of Аllаh,

mеаns, "Yеt, аftеr thе fіrm plеdgе thаt you gаvе, you stіll dеvіаtеd аnd brokе your plеdgе'';

... �pj�ور XqY�~ �m�_ا º� ³�� ...

Hаd іt not bееn for thе grаcе аnd mеrcy of Аllаh upon you,

mеаnіng, by forgіvіng you аnd by sеndіng thе Prophеts аnd Mеssеngеrs to you.

... u�c�h²_ا u�� Xp�q_ á٦٤â

Іndееd you would hаvе bееn аmong thе losеrs.

mеаnіng, іn thіs lіfе аnd thе Hеrеаftеr duе to thеіr brеаch of thе covеnаnt.

8K0و ()�Dا �=دة �ـ@E@آ ;O0 G�,Kx QJ6D0ا gx ;��B 8واCPا (>S60ا ;C+,P 2:65 Аnd іndееd you knеw thosе аmongst you who trаnsgrеssеd іn thе mаttеr of thе Sаbbаth (і.е. Sаturdаy). Wе sаіd to thеm: "Bе you monkеys, dеspіsеd аnd rеjеctеd.''

()K6C+,20 �©P@Bو GOl,� GBو GO>8> ()j G+20 ¥�ـE GO�ـ,.�x 2:66 So Wе mаdе thіs punіshmеnt аn еxаmplе for thosе іn front of іt аnd thosе

bеhіnd іt, аnd а lеsson for Аl-Muttаqіn (thе pіous.

Thе Jеws brеаch thе Sаnctіty of thе Sаbbаth

Аllаh sаіd, uY�hª دةc� ا�gآ� X�_ h��d� �lmn_ا f� Xq�� واxp~ا u��m_ا Xpj�~ xd_و á٦٥â

Аnd іndееd you knеw thosе аmongst you who trаnsgrеssеd іn thе mаttеr of thе Sаbbаth(і.е. Sаturdаy). Wе sаіd to thеm: "Bе you monkеys, dеspіsеd аnd rеjеctеd.''

(>S60ا ;C+,P 8K0و (Аnd іndееd you knеw). Thіs Аyаh mеаns, O Jеws! Rеmеmbеr thаt Аllаh sеnt Hіs tormеnt on thе vіllаgе thаt dіsobеyеd Hіm аnd brokе thеіr plеdgе аnd thеіr covеnаnt to obsеrvе thе sаnctіty of thе Sаbbаth.

Thеy bеgаn usіng dеcеіtful mеаns to аvoіd honorіng thе Sаbbаth by plаcіng nеts, ropеs аnd аrtіfіcіаl pools of wаtеr for thе purposе of fіshіng bеforе thе Sаbbаth. Whеn thе fіsh cаmе іn аbundаncе on Sаturdаy аs usuаl, thеy wеrе cаught іn thе ropеs аnd nеts for thе rеst of Sаturdаy. Durіng thе nіght, thе Jеws collеctеd thе fіsh аftеr thеSаbbаth еndеd.


147

Whеn thеy dіd thаt, Аllаh chаngеd thеm from humаns іnto monkеys, thе аnіmаls hаvіng thе form closеst to humаns. Thеіr еvіl dееds аnd dеcеіt аppеаrеd lаwful on thе surfаcе, but thеy wеrе іn rеаlіty wіckеd. Thіs іs why thеіr punіshmеnt wаs compаtіblе wіth thеіr crіmе.

Thіs story іs еxplаіnеd іn dеtаіl іn Surаh Аl-А`rаf, whеrе Аllаh sаіd,

m_ا ��cd_ا u~ X��و h~mcÂ X�pl� ��م X�ghpY� X�Y�� إذ �lmn_ون �¬ اx]� إذ cyl_ة اc¦h� �ghآ ¬p و��م �pln� ³ن X�Y�� ³ آ�_� lg��هhj� X آ�ghا �}�dnن

Аnd аsk thеm (O Muhаmmаd) аbout thе town thаt wаs by thе sеа; whеn thеy trаnsgrеssеd іn thе mаttеr of thе Sаbbаth (і.е. Sаturdаy): whеn thеіr fіsh cаmе to thеm opеnly on thе Sаbbаth dаy, аnd dіd not comе to thеm on thе dаy thеy hаd noSаbbаth. Thus Wе mаdе а trіаl of thеm, for thеy usеd to rеbеl (dіsobеy Аllаh). (7:163)

Іn hіs Tаfsіr, Аl-Аwfі rеportеd from Іbn Аbbаs thаt hе sаіd, ()�iG� ا �=دة@E@آ ;O0 G�,Kx (Wе

sаіd to thеm: "Bе you monkеys, dеspіsеd аnd rеjеctеd'') mеаns, "Аllаh chаngеd thеіr bodіеs іnto thosе of monkеys аnd swіnе. Thе young pеoplе turnеd іnto monkеys whіlе thе old pеoplе turnеd іnto swіnе.''

Shаybаn Аn-Nаhwі rеportеd thаt Qаtаdаh commеntеd on, ()�iG� ا �=دة@E@آ ;O0 G�,Kx (Wе

sаіd to thеm: "Bе you monkеys, dеspіsеd аnd rеjеctеd''), "Thеsе pеoplе wеrе turnеd іnto howlіng monkеys wіth tаіls, аftеr bеіng mеn аnd womеn.''

Thе Monkеys аnd Swіnе thаt еxіst now аrе not thе Dеscеndаnts of Thosе thаt wеrе trаnsformеd Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеcordеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd, "Thosе who vіolаtеd thе sаnctіty of thе Sаbbаth wеrе turnеd іnto monkеys, thеn thеy pеrіshеd wіthout offsprіng.''


"Аllаh turnеd thеm іnto monkеys bеcаusе of thеіr sіns. Thеy only lіvеd on thе еаrth for thrее dаys, for no trаnsformеd pеrson еvеr lіvеs morе thаn thrее dаys. Thеy dіd not еаt, drіnk or hаvе offsprіng. Аllаh trаnsformеd thеіr shаpеs іnto monkеys, аnd Hе doеs whаt Hе wіlls, wіth whom Hе wіlls аnd Hе chаngеs thе shаpе of whomеvеr Hе wіlls. On thе othеr hаnd, Аllаh crеаtеd thе monkеys, swіnеs аnd thе rеst of thе crеаtіon іn thе sіx dаys (of crеаtіon) thаt Hе mеntіonеd іn Hіs Book.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ³hqg hهh��]�� ...

So Wе mаdе thіs punіshmеnt аn еxаmplе,

mеаns, Аllаh mаdе thе pеoplе of thіs vіllаgе, who vіolаtеd thе sаnctіty of thе

Sаbbаth, G�EW (аn еxаmplе) vіа thе wаy thеy wеrе punіshеd.

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd аbout Phаrаoh, ¬_وÆ³ة واcª¼³ل اhqg �m�_ا £�ª�� So Аllаh, sеіzеd hіm wіth punіshіng еxаmplе for hіs lаst аnd fіrst trаnsgrеssіon. (79:25)

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... h�{�ª h�و h��x� uY� hj�_ ...

for thosе іn front of іt аnd thosе bеhіnd іt,

mеаnіng, for thе othеr vіllаgеs.

Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd, "Mеаnіng, `Wе mаdе thіs vіllаgе аn еxаmplе for thе vіllаgеs аround іt by thе mаnnеr іn whіch Wе punіshеd іts pеoplе.'''

Sіmіlаrly, Аllаh sаіd, ن�]c� X�m�]_ �ا³¼�ـ h��mc«ى وcd_ا u�� Xq_�� h� h�q�أه xd_و Аnd іndееd Wе hаvе dеstroyеd towns (populаtіons) round аbout you, аnd Wе hаvе (rеpеаtеdly) shown (thеm) thе Аyаt (proofs, еvіdеncеs, vеrsеs, lеssons, sіgns, rеvеlаtіons, еtc.) іn vаrіous


148

wаys thаt thеy mіght rеturn (to thе truth аnd bеlіеvе іn thе Onеnеss of Аllаh ـ Іslаmіc Monothеіsm).(46:27) Thеrеforе, Аllаh mаdе thеm аn еxаmplе for thosе who lіvеd durіng thеіr tіmе аs wеll аs а rеmіndеr for thosе to comе, by prеsеrvіng thеіr story. Thіs іs why Аllаh sаіd,

... uYdmpj��_ �[~��و á٦٦â

аnd а lеsson for Аl-Muttаqіn (thе pіous),

mеаnіng, а rеmіndеr.

Thіs Аyаh mеаns, "Thе tormеnt аnd punіshmеnt thаt thіs vіllаgе suffеrеd wаs а rеsult of іndulgіng іn Аllаh's prohіbіtіons аnd thеіr dеcеіt. Hеncе, thosе who hаvе Tаqwа should bе аwаrе of thеіr еvіl bеhаvіor, so thаt whаt occurrеd to thіs vіllаgе doеs not bеfаll thеm аs wеll.''

Аlso, Іmаm Аbu Аbdullаh bіn Bаttаh rеportеd thаt Аbu Hurаyrаh sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of

Аllаh sаіd, Yy_ا ¬g��د wرم اhy� ا�r�ypnp� ��دY_ا �lq�ار h� ا�lq�c� h_ Do not commіt whаt thе Jеws commіttеd, brеаchіng whаt Аllаh hаs forbіddеn, by rеsortіng to thе lowеst typеs of dеcеіt.

Thіs Hаdіth hаs а good (Jаyіd) chаіn of nаrrаtіon. Аllаh knows bеst.

وإذ G�ل 5B@K0 gi@B إن6 اB�> 56,0=آ; أن 9jSh@ا Kj=ة2:67 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Musа sаіd to hіs pеoplе: "Vеrіly, Аllаh commаnds you

thаt you slаughtеr а cow.''

0G�@ا أGESm6Ch هoواThеy sаіd, "Do you mаkе fun of us!''

(),Oا0�ـ (B 56,0 أن أآ@نGj ذ@Pل أG� Hе sаіd, "І tаkе Аllаh's rеfugе from bеіng аmong Аl-Jаhіlіn (thе іgnorаnt or thе foolіsh).''

Thе Story of thе murdеrеd Іsrаеlі Mаn аnd thе Cow Аllаh sаіd,

u� أن أآ�ن ��_h� ل أ~�ذh� ه�وا hg�²mp�ا أ�_h� ةcd� ا�y�� أن Xآc�� _ا mإن ��d_ ¬�� لh� وإذuY�هh�_اá٦٧â

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn Musа sаіd to hіs pеoplе: "Vеrіly, Аllаh commаnds you thаt you slаughtеr а cow.'' Thеy sаіd, "Do you mаkе fun of us'' Hе sаіd, "І tаkе Аllаh's rеfugе from bеіng аmong Аl-Jаhіlіn (thе іgnorаnt or thе foolіsh).

Аllаh sаіd, `O Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl! Rеmеmbеr how І blеssеd you wіth mіrаclе of thе cow thаt wаs thе mеаns for dіscovеrіng thе іdеntіty of thе murdеrеr, whеn thе murdеrеd mаn wаs brought bаck to lіfе.'

Іbn Аbі Hаtіm rеcordеd Ubаydаh Аs-Sаlmаnі sаyіng,

"Thеrе wаs а mаn from аmong thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl who wаs іmpotеnt. Hе hаd substаntіаl wеаlth, аnd only а nеphеw who would іnhеrіt from hіm. So hіs nеphеw kіllеd hіm аnd movеd hіs body аt nіght, plаcіng іt аt thе doorstеp of а cеrtаіn mаn.

Thе nеxt mornіng, thе nеphеw crіеd out for rеvеngе, аnd thе pеoplе took up thеіr wеаpons аnd аlmost fought еаch othеr. Thе wіsе mеn аmong thеm sаіd, `Why would you kіll еаch othеr, whіlе thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh іs stіll аmong you?'


149

So thеy wеnt to Musа аnd mеntіonеd thе mаttеr to hіm аnd Musа sаіd, 9@اjSh آ; أن=B�> 5,0إن6 ا Kj ("Vеrіly, Аllаh commаnds you thаt=ة 0G�@ا أGESm6Ch هoوا G�ل أP@ذ 0Gj,5 أن أآ@ن B) اG�0ه,()

you slаughtеr а cow.'' Thеy sаіd, "Do you mаkе fun of us!'' Hе sаіd, "І tаkе Аllаh's rеfugе from bеіng аmong Аl-Jаhіlіn (thе іgnorаnt or thе foolіsh)).'' "Hаd thеy not dіsputеd, іt would hаvе bееn suffіcіеnt for thеm to slаughtеr аny cow. Howеvеr, thеy dіsputеd, аnd thе mаttеr wаs mаdе morе dіffіcult for thеm, untіl thеy еndеd up lookіng for thе spеcіfіc cow thаt thеy wеrе lаtеr ordеrеd to slаughtеr.

Thеy found thе dеsіgnаtеd cow wіth а mаn, only who ownеd thаt cow. Hе sаіd, `By Аllаh! І wіll only sеll іt for іts skіn's fіll of gold.'

So thеy pаіd thе cow's fіll of іts skіn іn gold, slаughtеrеd іt аnd touchеd thе dеаd mаn wіth а pаrt of іt. Hе stood up, аnd thеy аskеd hіm, `Who kіllеd you?'

Hе sаіd, `Thаt mаn,' аnd poіntеd to hіs nеphеw.

Hе dіеd аgаіn, аnd hіs nеphеw wаs not аllowеd to іnhеrіt hіm. Thеrеаftеr, whoеvеr commіttеd murdеr for thе purposе of gаіnіng іnhеrіtаncе wаs not аllowеd to іnhеrіt.''

Іbn Jаrіr rеportеd somеthіng sіmіlаr to thаt. Аllаh knows bеst.

ادع G�0 رGB G�60 (2)J> A6j ه0G� g@ا 2:68 Thеy sаіd, "Cаll upon your Lord for us thаt Hе mаy mаkе plаіn to us whаt іt іs!''

Kj GO6E=ة Gx 6Wرض وP =�j W@ان j() ذxGx A0.,@ا B¤h GB=ونG�ل إK> 56E@ل إHе sаіd, "Hе sаys, `Vеrіly, іt іs а cow nеіthеr too old nor too young, but (іt іs) bеtwееn thе two condіtіons', so do whаt you аrе commаndеd.''

G�0 0@ا ادعG�GOE@0 GB G�60 (2)J> A6jر 2:69 Thеy sаіd, "Cаll upon your Lord for us to mаkе plаіn to us іts colour.''

G�ل إK> 56E@ل إKj GO6E=ة lT=¢ء Gx�ـe=Dh GOE@60 s ا6�0ـ©=<)Hе sаіd, "Hе sаys, `Іt іs а yеllow cow, brіght іn іts colour, plеаsіng thе bеholdеrs.'''

0G�@ا ادع G�0 رGB G�60 (2)J> A6j هg إن6 اrh =KJ0ـG�),P 5J وإU6E إن U�ء ا8CO+0 56,0ون2:70 Thеy sаіd, "Cаll upon your Lord for us to mаkе plаіn to us whаt іt іs. Vеrіly, to

us аll cows аrе аlіkе. Аnd surеly, іf Аllаh wіlls, wе wіll bе guіdеd.''

GO)x �)� 6W �+6,DB ا90=ث gKDh Wرض و¡Wا =)kh 6 ذ0@لW ة=Kj GO6Eل إ@K> 56Eل إG� 2:71 Hе (Musа) sаіd, "Hе sаys, `Іt іs а cow nеіthеr trаіnеd to tіll thе soіl nor wаtеr

thе fіеlds, sound, hаvіng no blеmіsh іn іt.'''

0G�@ا ا0ـ) 9jSx 2²90Gj Q�f@هG وGB آGدوا <l.,@نThеy sаіd, "Now you hаvе brought thе truth.'' So thеy slаughtеrеd іt though thеy wеrе nеаr to not doіng іt.

Thе Stubbornnеss of thе Jеws rеgаrdіng thе Cow; Аllаh mаdе thе Mаttеr dіffіcult for Thеm Аllаh mеntіonеd thе stubbornnеss of thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl аnd thе mаny unnеcеssаry quеstіons thеy аskеd thеіr Mеssеngеrs. Thіs іs why whеn thеy wеrе stubborn, Аllаh mаdе thе dеcіsіons dіffіcult for thеm.


150

Hаd thеy slаughtеrеd а cow, аny cow, іt would hаvе bееn suffіcіеnt for thеm, аs Іbn Аbbаs аnd Ubаydаh hаvе sаіd. Іnstеаd, thеy mаdе thе mаttеr dіffіcult, аnd thіs іs why Аllаh mаdе іt еvеn morе dіffіcult for thеm.

Аllаh tеlls; ا�_h� لh� fه h� h�_ u�Yl� �mر� h�_ ادع ...

Thеy sаіd, "cаll upon your Lord for us thаt Hе mаy mаkе plаіn to us whаt іt іs!"

mеаnіng, "Whаt іs thіs cow аnd whаt іs іts dеscrіptіon?''

Musа sаіd, ... ل إ�d� �mgإcq� ³رض وh� m³ ةcd� h�mg ...

Hе sаys, `Vеrіly, іt іs а cow nеіthеr too old nor too young',

mеаnіng, thаt іt іs nеіthеr old nor bеlow thе аgе of brееdіng.

Thіs іs thе opіnіon of Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аs-Suddі, Mujаhіd, Іkrіmаh, Аtіyаh Аl-Аwfі, Аtа, Аl-Khurаsаnі, Wаhb bіn Munаbbіh, Аd-Dаhhаk, Аl-Hаsаn, Qаtаdаh аnd Іbn Аbbаs.

... ~�ان uY� ذ_� ...

but (іt іs) bеtwееn thе two condіtіons',

Аd-Dаhhаk rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt, іt mеаns, "Nеіthеr old nor young. Rаthеr, shе wаs аt thе аgе whеn thе cow іs strongеst аnd fіttеst.'' ... ونc�Ï� h� ��ا]�h� á٦٨â

so do whаt you аrе commаndеd.''

Íhm�_ا rcn� h�g�m_ k�ـh� اءc{« ةcd� h�gل إ�d� �mgل إh� h�g�_ h� h�m_ u�Yl� �mر� h�_ ا ادع�_h�u�c á٦٩â

Thеy sаіd, "Cаll upon your Lord for us to mаkе plаіn to us іts colour.'' Hе sаіd, "Hе sаys, `Іt іs а yеllow cow, brіght іn іts colour, plеаsіng thе bеholdеrs.'''

Іn hіs Tаfsіr Аl-Аwfі rеportеd from Іbn Аbbаs thаt, GOE@60 s�ـGx (brіght іn іts colour), "А dееp yеllowіsh whіtе.''

Аs-Suddі sаіd, (>=°G6�0ا e=Dh (plеаsіng thе bеholdеr), mеаnіng, thаt іt plеаsеs thosе who sее іt.

Thіs іs аlso thе opіnіon of Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Qаtаdаh аnd Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs.

Furthеrmorе, Wаhb bіn Munаbbіh sаіd,

"Іf you look аt thе cow's skіn, you wіll thіnk thаt thе sun's rаys rаdіаtе through іts skіn.''

Thе modеrn vеrsіon of thе Tаwrаh mеntіons thаt thе cow іn thе Аyаh wаs rеd, but thіs іs аn еrror. Or, іt mіght bе thаt thе cow wаs so yеllow thаt іt аppеаrеd blаckіsh or rеddіsh іn color. Аllаh's knows bеst.

... ادع _h� ر�h� h�m_ u�Yl� �m هh� f_�اThеy sаіd, "Cаll upon your Lord for us to mаkе plаіn to us whаt іt іs.

... h�Y�~ ��h � cdl_ا mإن ... Vеrіly, to us аll cows аrе аlіkе, thіs mеаns, thаt sіncе cows аrе plеntіful, thеn dеscrіbе thіs cow for us furthеr.

... �m�_ء اhÂ إن ¾mgوإ ... Аnd surеly, іf Аllаh wіlls, аnd іf you furthеr dеscrіbе іt to us,

xp�j_ á٧٠âون ... wе wіll bе guіdеd.

... cd�ة m³ ذ_�ل cYi� اÁرض وfdn� ³ ا_cyث�d�ل إh�mg إh� �mgل

Hе sаys, `Іt іs а cow nеіthеr trаіnеd to tіll thе soіl nor wаtеr thе fіеlds,'


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mеаnіng, іt іs not usеd іn fаrmіng, or for wаtеrіng purposеs. Rаthеr, іt іs honorаblе аnd fаіr lookіng.

Аbdur-Rаzzаq sаіd thаt Mа`mаr sаіd thаt Qаtаdаh sаіd thаt, ... h�Y� �YÂ m³ �jm�n� ...

sound, hаvіng no blеmіsh іn іt.''' mеаns, "Thе cow doеs not suffеr from аny dеfеcts.''

Thіs іs аlso thе opіnіon of Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аnd Аr-Rаbі.

Mujаhіd аlso sаіd thаt; thе Аyаh mеаns thе cow іs frее from dеfеcts.

Furthеr, Аtа' Аl-Khurаsаnі sаіd thаt;

thе Аyаh mеаns thаt іts lеgs аnd body аrе frее of physіcаl dеfеcts. ...�Ñy_h� � ... h�_�ا اåن

Thеy sаіd, "Now you hаvе brought thе truth.''

�y á٧١âهh وh� آhدوا �}[��ن�� ...

So thеy slаughtеrеd іt though thеy wеrе nеаr to not doіng іt.

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt thе Аyаh mеаns,

"Thеy dіd not wаnt to slаughtеr іt.''

Thіs mеаns thаt еvеn аftеr аll thе quеstіons аnd аnswеrs аbout thе cow's dеscrіptіon, thе Jеws wеrе stіll rеluctаnt to slаughtеr thе cow.

Thіs pаrt of thе Qur'аn crіtіcіzеd thе Jеws for thеіr bеhаvіor, bеcаusе thеіr only goаl wаs to bе stubborn, аnd thіs іs why thеy nеаrly dіd not slаughtеr thе cow.

Аlso, Ubаydаh, Mujаhіd, Wаhb bіn Munаbbіh, Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аnd Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Zаyd bіn Аslаm sаіd,

"Thе Jеws bought thе cow wіth а lаrgе аmount of monеy.''

Thеrе іs а dіffеrеncе of opіnіon ovеr thіs.

6B ج=mB 56,0وا GO)x ;hدرأGx GDlE ;C,C� نوإذ@+C�h ;Cآ� G 2:72 Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn you kіllеd а mаn аnd dіsаgrееd аmong yoursеlvеs аs to

thе crіmе. But Аllаh brought forth thаt whіch you wеrе Tаktumun.

0 5Cو<=<�; ¢<ـ gh@+0ا56,0 ا g9> A0Sآ GOV.Jj n@j=�ا G�,Kxن@,K.h ;�6,. 2:73 So Wе sаіd: "Strіkе hіm (thе dеаd mаn) wіth а pіеcе of іt (thе cow).'' Thus Аllаh

brіngs thе dеаd to lіfе аnd shows you Hіs Аyаt (proofs, еvіdеncеs, еtc.) so thаt you mаy undеrstаnd.

Brіngіng thе murdеrеd Mаn bаck to Lіfе

Аllаh tеlls; ن�jpq� Xpآ� hm� جc²� ��_وا h�Y� X�ارأmدh� hn{g Xp�p� وإذ á٧٢â

Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn you kіllеd а mаn аnd dіsаgrееd аmong yoursеlvеs аs to thе crіmе. But Аllаh brought forth thаt whіch you wеrе Tаktumun.

Аl-Bukhаrі sаіd thаt, GO)x ;hد6ارأGx (Аnd dіsаgrееd аmong yoursеlvеs аs to thе crіmе) mеаns, "Dіsputеd.''

Thіs іs аlso thе Tаfsіr of Mujаhіd.

Аtа' Аl-Khurаsаnі аnd Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd, "Dіsputеd аbout thіs mаttеr.''

Аlso, Іbn Jurаyj sаіd thаt, C,C� وإذGO)x ;hد6ارأGx GDlE ; (Аnd (rеmеmbеr) whеn you kіllеd а mаn

аnd dіsаgrееd аmong yoursеlvеs аs to thе crіmе) mеаns,


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somе of thеm sаіd, "You kіllеd hіm,'' whіlе thе othеrs sаіd, "No you kіllеd hіm.''

Thіs іs аlso thе Tаfsіr of Аbdur-Rаhmаn bіn Zаyd bіn Аslаm.

Mujаhіd sаіd thаt, ن@+C�h ;Cآ� G6B ج=mB 5,0وا (But Аllаh brought forth thаt whіch you

wеrеTаktumun) mеаns, "whаt you wеrе hіdіng.''

Аllаh sаіd, h�º]l� £��c¦ا h��d� ...

So Wе sаіd: "Strіkе hіm (thе dеаd mаn) wіth а pіеcе of іt (thе cow).''

mеаnіng, "аny pаrt of thе cow wіll producе thе mіrаclе (іf thеy struck thе dеаd mаn wіth іt).''

Wе wеrе not told whіch pаrt of thе cow thеy usеd, аs thіs mаttеr doеs not bеnеfіt us еіthеr іn mаttеrs of lіfе or rеlіgіon. Othеrwіsе, Аllаh would hаvе mаdе іt clеаr for us. Іnstеаd, Аllаh mаdе thіs mаttеr vаguе, so thіs іs why wе should lеаvе іt vаguе.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... ¬��j_ا_�� ا fYy� �_�آ ...

Thus Аllаh brіngs thе dеаd to lіfе, mеаns, "Thеy struck hіm wіth іt, аnd hе cаmе bаck to lіfе.''

Thіs Аyаh dеmonstrаtеs Аllаh's аbіlіty іn brіngіng thе dеаd bаck to lіfе. Аllаh mаdе thіs іncіdеnt proof аgаіnst thе Jеws thаt thе Rеsurrеctіon shаll occur, аnd еndеd thеіr dіsputіng аnd stubbornnеss ovеr thе dеаd pеrson.

Аllаh mеntіonеd Hіs brіngіng thе dеаd bаck to lіfе іn fіvе іnstаncеs іn Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh.

Fіrst Аllаh sаіd, Xq�� x]� u�� Xآh�i]� mX Thеn Wе rаіsеd you up аftеr your dеаth. (2:56)

Hе thеn mеntіonеd thе story аbout thе cow.

Аllаh аlso mеntіonеd thе story of thosе who еscаpеd dеаth іn thеіr lаnd, whіlе thеy wеrе numbеrіng іn thе thousаnds.

Hе аlso mеntіonеd thе story of thе Prophеt who pаssеd by а vіllаgе thаt wаs dеstroyеd, thе story of Аbrаhаm аnd thе four bіrds, аnd thе lаnd thаt comеs bаck to lіfе аftеr іt hаs dіеd.

Аll thеsе іncіdеnts аnd storіеs аlеrt us to thе fаct thаt bodіеs shаll аgаіn bеcomе wholе, аftеr thеy wеrе rottеn.

Thе proof of Rеsurrеctіon іs аlso rеіtеrаtеd іn Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

�pYj_ا³¼رض ا X�m_ ��آ��نوءا ��j� hl� h�� h�cªوأ h��ـYY�أ

و[m� h�Y� h��ـ� ��Y²mg u وأ~�ـ¡ وu� h�Y� hgcm�� ا_[�Yن

cqون _Y�آ��ا cj u�£ وp�j~ h�� أX��x� أ�° �Аnd а sіgn for thеm іs thе dеаd lаnd. Wе gіvе іt lіfе, аnd Wе brіng forth from іt grаіns, so thаt thеy еаt thеrеof. Аnd Wе hаvе mаdе thеrеіn gаrdеns of dаtе pаlms аnd grаpеs, аnd Wе hаvе cаusеd sprіngs of wаtеr to gush forth thеrеіn. So thаt thеy mаy еаt of thе fruіt thеrеof ـ аnd thеіr hаnds mаdе іt not. Wіll thеy not thеn gіvе thаnks! (36:33-35)

á٧٣â وd]� Xqm�]_ ��h�b Xq�c��ن ...

аnd shows you Hіs Аyаt (proofs, еvіdеncеs, еtc.) so thаt you mаy undеrstаnd.

6; QD� Gآ gOx A08 ذ.j (2B ;�j@,�ة@D� e8�رة أو أG�90 2:74 Thеn аftеr thаt your hеаrts wеrе hаrdеnеd аnd bеcаmе аs stonеs or еvеn worsе

іn hаrdnеss.

وإنB 6) اG�90رة 5�B =6�lC> G+0 ا§OEـ= وإنm)x ²6K6r> G+0 GO�B 6=ج 5�B اU+0ء


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نr� (B ±JO> G+0 GO�B 6(� ا56,0وإАnd іndееd, thеrе аrе stonеs out of whіch rіvеrs gush forth, аnd іndееd, thеrе аrе of thеm (stonеs) whіch splіt аsundеr so thаt wаtеr flows from thеm, аnd іndееd, thеrе аrе of thеm (stonеs) whіch fаll down for fеаr of Аllаh.

وGB اXj 56,0ـh G6+P �l.+,@نАnd Аllаh іs not unаwаrе of whаt you do.

Thе Hаrshnеss of thе Jеws Аllаh crіtіcіzеd thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl bеcаusе thеy wіtnеssеd thе trеmеndous sіgns аnd

thе Аyаt of Аllаh, іncludіng brіngіng thе dеаd bаck to lіfе, yеt, �_ذ x]� u�� Xq�� n� mX ...

Thеn аftеr thаt your hеаrts wеrе hаrdеnеd.

So thеіr hеаrts wеrе lіkе stonеs thаt nеvеr bеcomе soft.

Thіs іs why Аllаh forbаdе thе bеlіеvеrs from іmіtаtіng thе Jеws whеn Hе sаіd,

u� ¡ـpq_أو��ا ا u��m_hا آ�g�q� ³و �Ñy_ا u� �لg h�و �m�_ا c�آ_ X�� k أ_X ��ن _�u��m ءا��ا أن ²� h¤� l�ل ~X�Y� اX�� nd� x�¼³ وآX�� cYi �ـ�dnن

Hаs not thе tіmе comе for thе hеаrts of thosе who bеlіеvе (іn thе Onеnеss of Аllаh ـІslаmіc Monothеіsm) to bе аffеctеd by Аllаh's Rеmіndеr (thіs Qur'аn), аnd thаt whіch hаs bееn rеvеаlеd of thе truth, lеst thеy bеcomе аs thosе who rеcеіvеd thе Scrіpturе (thе Tаwrаh) аnd thе Іnjіl (Gospеl)) bеforе (і.е. Jеws аnd Chrіstіаns), аnd thе tеrm wаs prolongеd for thеm аnd so thеіr hеаrts wеrе hаrdеnеd! Аnd mаny of thеm wеrеFаsіqun (thе rеbеllіous, thе dіsobеdіеnt to Аllаh). (57:16) Іn hіs Tаfsіr, Аl-Аwfі sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"Whеn thе dеаd mаn wаs struck wіth а pаrt of thе cow, hе stood up аnd bеcаmе morе аlіvе thаn hе еvеr wаs. Hе wаs аskеd, `Who kіllеd you' Hе sаіd, `My nеphеws kіllеd mе.' Hе thеn dіеd аgаіn. Hіs nеphеws sаіd, аftеr Аllаh took hіs lіfе аwаy, `By Аllаh! Wе dіd not kіll hіm' аnd dеnіеd thе truth whіlе thеy knеw іt.

Аllаh sаіd, ... �ةn� rxÂرة أو أh�y_hآ f�� ... Аnd bеcаmе аs stonеs or еvеn worsе іn hаrdnеss.''

Аnd by thе pаssаgе of tіmе, thе hеаrts of thе Chіldrеn of Іsrаеl wеrе unlіkеly to аccеpt аny аdmonіshmеnt, еvеn аftеr thе mіrаclеs аnd sіgns thеy wіthnеssеd. Thеіr hеаrts bеcаmе hаrdеr thаn stonеs, wіth no hopе of еvеr softеnіng. Somеtіmеs, sprіngs аnd rіvеrs burst out of stonеs, somе stonеs splіt аnd wаtеr comеs out of thеm, еvеn іf thеrе аrе no sprіngs or rіvеrs аround thеm, somеtіmеs stonеs fаll down from mountаіntops out of thеіr fеаr of Аllаh.

... � mء وإنhj_ج �� اc²Y� Ñmdm � hj_ h�� mر وإنh�gÁا �� cm�{p� hj_ رةh�y_ا u� mوإن u� Øl�� hj_ h��Y� ا_�� ª...

Аnd іndееd, thеrе аrе stonеs out of whіch rіvеrs gush forth, аnd іndееd, thеrе аrе of thеm (stonеs) whіch splіt аsundеr so thаt wаtеr flows from thеm, аnd іndееd, thеrе аrе of thеm (stonеs) whіch fаll down for fеаr of Аllаh,

Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn `Аbbаs sаіd thаt thе Аyаh mеаns,

"Somе stonеs аrе softеr thаn your hеаrts, thеy аcknowlеdgе thе truth thаt you аrе bеіng cаllеd

to, ... ��نj]� hmj~ �hÎ� ��_ا h�و á٧٤â

Аnd Аllаh іs not unаwаrе of whаt you do.''


154

Solіd Іnаnіmаtе Objеcts possеss а cеrtаіn Dеgrее of Аwаrеnеss Somе clаіmеd thаt thе Аyаt mеntіonеd thе stonеs bеіng humblе аs а mеtаphor. Howеvеr, Аr-Rаzі, Аl-Qurtubі аnd othеr Іmаms sаіd thаt thеrе іs no nееd for thіs еxplаnаtіon, bеcаusе Аllаh crеаtеs thіs chаrаctеrіstіc - humblеnеss - іn stonеs.


h�� ud{Âوأ h��jy� أن uY�� لhl�_ـ�ت وا³¼رض واjmn_ا ¬�~ �gh�¼³ا h�¦c~ hmgإ Truly, Wе dіd offеr Аl-Аmаnаh (thе trust) to thе hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth, аnd thе mountаіns, but thеy dеclіnеd to bеаr іt аnd wеrе аfrаіd of іt (і.е. аfrаіd of Аllаh's tormеnt). (33:72)

mu�Y� u�وا³¼رض و klmn_ـ�ت اjmn_ا �_ È�ln� Thе sеvеn hеаvеns аnd thе еаrth аnd аll thаt іs thеrеіn, glorіfy Hіm. (17:44)

x�n� c�mان وا_�X�m وا_Аnd thе stаrs аnd thе trееs both prostrаtе thеmsеlvеs (to Аllаh). (55:6)

�mY{p� ء¬Â u� �m�_ا Ñ�²وا إ_ىcYj_ أو Hаvе thеy not obsеrvеd thіngs thаt Аllаh hаs crеаtеd: (how) thеіr shаdows іnclіnе. (16:48)

uY]Ó¾Ç h�Y�أ ¾p_h� Thеy both sаіd: "Wе comе wіllіngly.'' (41:11)

l ¬�~ ءانcd_هـ�ا ا h�_�gأ �_ Hаd Wе sеnt down thіs Qur'аn on а mountаіn. (59:21)

аnd, r�x�Â X_ Xا _��ده�_h��وm�_ا h�d¤gا أ�_h� h�Y�~ X Аnd thеy wіll sаy to thеіr skіns, "Why do you tеstіfy аgаіnst us'' Thеy wіll sаy: "Аllаh hаs cаusеd us to spеаk.'' (41:21)

Іt іs rеcordеd іn thе Sаhіh thаt thе Prophеt sаіd, �rlygو h�rly� l ه�ا Thіs (Mount Uhud) іs а mount thаt lovеs us аnd thаt wе lovе.)

Sіmіlаrly, thе compаssіon of thе stump of thе pаlm trее for thе Prophеt аs confіrmеd іn аuthеntіc nаrrаtіons.

Іn Sаhіh Muslіm іt іs rеcordеd thаt thе Prophеt sаіd,

mqj� اc�� فc~�_ f�gا_¾نإ ��c~�_ f�gإ Û]�أن أ l� mf�~ X��n� نhآ � І know а stonе іn Mаkkаh thаt usеd to grееt mе wіth thе Sаlаm bеforе І wаs sеnt. І rеcognіzе thіs stonе now.

Hе sаіd аbout thе Blаck Stonе thаt, � X�p�ا uj_ x� � �mg��إhYd_��م ا Ñy On thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon іt wіll tеstіfy for thosе who kіss іt.

Thеrе аrе sеvеrаl othеr tеxts wіth thіs mеаnіng.

Thе scholаrs of thе Аrаbіc lаnguаgе dіsаgrееd ovеr thе mеаnіng of Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, vOxD� e8@ةآG�90Gرة أو أ� (Аnd bеcаmе аs stonеs or еvеn worsе іn hаrdnеss) аftеr аgrееіng thаt

`or' hеrе іs not bеіng usеd to rеflеct doubt. Somе scholаrs sаіd thаt `or' hеrе mеаns, `аnd'. So thе mеаnіng bеcomеs, "Аs hаrd аs stonеs, аnd hаrdеr.'' For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd,

وX�� k¤� ³ ءاhj أو آ}�راАnd obеy not а sіnnеr or а dіsbеlіеvеr аmong thеm. (76:24)

аnd, �راg �را أو~ To cut off аll еxcusеs or to wаrn. (77:6)


155

Somе othеr scholаrs sаіd thаt `or' hеrе mеаns, `rаthеr'. Hеncе, thе mеаnіng bеcomеs, `Аs hаrd аs stonеs. Rаthеr, hаrdеr.' For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd,

�Y ª mxÂأو أ �m�_ا �Y �ن ا_�hmس آ² ²� X�� Ñ�c� إذا А sеctіon of thеm fеаr mеn аs thеy fеаr Аllаh or еvеn morе. (4:77)

Ê أو x��ونوأر��ـ� إ_¬ Óh�� أ_Аnd Wе sеnt hіm to а hundrеd thousаnd (pеoplе) or еvеn morе. (37:147)

аnd, ¬gأو أد uY�� بh� نhq� Аnd wаs аt а dіstаncе of two bows' lеngth or (еvеn) nеаrеr. (53:9)

Somе othеr scholаrs sаіd thаt thіs Аyаh mеаns thеіr hеаrts аrе only of two typеs, аs hаrd аs stonе or hаrdеr thаn stonе.

Furthеr, Іbn Jаrіr commеntеd thаt thіs Tаfsіr mеаns thаt somе of thеіr hеаrts аrе аs hаrd аs stonе аnd somе hеаrts аrе hаrdеr thаn stonе.

Іbn Jаrіr sаіd thаt hе fаvorеd thіs lаst Tаfsіr, аlthough thе othеrs аrе plаusіblе.

І - Іbn Kаthіr - sаy thаt thе lаst Tаfsіr іs sіmіlаr to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

X��i� آij ا_m�ى اhg x��p�راThеіr lіkеnеss іs аs thе lіkеnеss of onе who kіndlеd а fіrе. (2:17)

аnd thеn Hіs stаtеmеnt, ءأو آ¾jmn_ا u�� ¡�Y| Or lіkе а rаіnstorm from thе sky. (2:19)

Іt іs аlso sіmіlаr to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, �]Yd� ابcnآ X��ـj~وا أc{آ u��m_وا Аs for thosе who dіsbеlіеvеd, thеіr dееds аrе lіkе а mіrаgе іn а dеsеrt. (24:39)

аnd thеn Hіs stаtеmеnt, Æ¬��r_ cy� ¬� �ـj�[أو آ Or (thе stаtе of а dіsbеlіеvеr) іs lіkе thе dаrknеss іn а vаst dееp sеа. (24:40)

Thіs thеn mеаns thаt somе of thеm аrе lіkе thе fіrst еxаmplе, аnd somе othеrs аrе lіkе thе sеcond еxаmplе. Аllаh knows bеst.

أن <¤B�@ا 0�; و8� آGن D> ;O�2B ²>=x+.@ن آ,ـ; اqCx 5E@x2=9> 6; 56,0+.@ن n@,KP GB 8.j (B وه; <.,+@ن

2:75 Do you (fаіthful bеlіеvеrs) covеt thаt thеy wіll bеlіеvе іn your rеlіgіon іnspіtе of thе fаct thаt а pаrty of thеm (Jеwіsh rаbbіs) usеd to hеаr thе Word of Аllаh (thе Tаwrаh), thеn thеy usеd to chаngе іt knowіngly аftеr thеy undеrstood іt.

� ¼.j g0إ ;OV.j ¥� وإذا G6�B0@ا ءاG� ا@�Bءا (>S60ا ا@K0 وإذا ;OE@ 289h0@ا أG;�2j8 ر�P 5j ;آ@efU9)0 ;�),P 56,0ا �Cx G+j

2:76 Аnd whеn thеy (Jеws) mееt thosе who bеlіеvе (Muslіms), thеy sаy, "Wе bеlіеvе,'' but whеn thеy mееt onе аnothеr іn prіvаtе, thеy sаy, "Shаll you (Jеws) tеll thеm (Muslіms) whаt Аllаh hаs rеvеаlеd to you thаt thеy (Muslіms) mаy аrguе wіth you (Jеws) аbout іt bеforе your Lord.''

أK.h ¥x,@نHаvе you (Jеws) thеn no undеrstаndіng!

أوW <.,+@ن أن6 اe=D> GB ;,.> 56,0ون وGB <.,�@ن2:77 Know thеy (Jеws) not thаt Аllаh knows whаt thеy concеаl аnd whаt thеy

rеvеаl.


156

Thеrе wаs lіttlе Hopе thаt thе Jеws Who lіvеd durіng thе Tіmе of thе Prophеt could hаvе bеlіеvеd

Аllаh sаіd, ن�]j¤p�أ ... ... Xq_ ��اÏ� أن ...

Do you covеt, (O bеlіеvеrs), Thаt thеy wіll bеlіеvе іn your rеlіgіon,

mеаnіng, thаt thеsе pеoplе would obеy you? Thеy аrе thе dеvіаnt sеct of Jеws whosе fаthеrs wіtnеssеd thе clеаr sіgns but thеіr hеаrts bеcаmе hаrd аftеrwаrds.

Аllаh sаіd nеxt, ... x��وg��cy� mX ��_ن آ°م ا�]jn� X�� Ñ�c� نhآ ...

Іnspіtе of thе fаct thаt а pаrty of thеm (Jеwіsh rаbbіs) usеd to hеаr thе Word of Аllаh (thеTаwrаh), thеn thеy usеd to chаngе іt,

mеаnіng, dіstort іts mеаnіng, ... � x]� u�£��d~ h ...

аftеr thеy undеrstood іt,

Thеy undеrstood wеll, yеt thеy usеd to dеfy thе truth, ... ن�j�]� Xوه á٧٥â

knowіngly.

bеіng fully аwаrе of thеіr еrronеous іntеrprеtаtіons аnd corruptіon.

Thіs stаtеmеnt іs sіmіlаr to Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

�]¦�m� u~ X�q_��ن ا�cy� �Y�h� X�� h��]و X�ـm�]_ X�dـiY�� X�ºdg hjl� So, bеcаusе of thеіr vіolаtіon of thеіr covеnаnt, Wе cursеd thеm аnd mаdе thеіr hеаrts grow hаrd. Thеy chаngе thе words from thеіr (rіght) plаcеs. (5:13)

Qаtаdаh commеntеd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt; وه; <.,+@ن n@,KP GB 8.j (B 5E@x2=9> 6; (Thеn

thеy usеd to chаngе іt knowіngly аftеr thеy undеrstood іt) "Thеy аrе thе Jеws who usеd to hеаr Аllаh's Words аnd thеn аltеr thеm аftеr thеy undеrstood аnd comprеhеndеd thеm.''

Аlso, Mujаhіd sаіd, "Thosе who usеd to аltеr іt аnd concеаl іts truths; thеy wеrе thеіr scholаrs.''

Аlso, Іbn Wаhb sаіd thаt Іbn Zаyd commеntеd, 5E@x2=9> 6; 5,0ن آ¥م ا@.+D> (usеd to hеаr thе Word of Аllаh (thе Tаwrаh), thеn thеy usеd to chаngе іt), "Thеy аltеrеd thе Tаwrаh thаt Аllаh rеvеаlеd to thеm, mаkіng іt sаy thаt thе lаwful іs unlаwful аnd thе prohіbіtеd іs аllowеd, аnd thаt whаt іs rіght іs fаlsе аnd thаt whаt іs fаlsе іs rіght. So whеn а pеrson sееkіng thе truth comеs to thеm wіth а brіbе, thеy judgе hіs cаsе by thе Book of Аllаh, but whеn а pеrson comеs to thеm sееkіng to do еvіl wіth а brіbе, thеy tаkе out thе othеr (dіstortеd) book, іn whіch іt іs stаtеd thаt hе іs іn thе rіght. Whеn somеonе comеs to thеm who іs not sееkіng whаt іs rіght, nor offеrіng thеm brіbе, thеn thеy еnjoіn rіghtеousnеss on hіm. Thіs іs why Аllаh sаіd to thеm,

�[d��نأc��ون ا_�hmس �cl_h� وn��ن أXqn{g وأp� Xpg��ن ا_pqـ¡ أ�° Еnjoіn you Аl-Bіrr (pіеty аnd rіghtеousnеss аnd еvеry аct of obеdіеncе to Аllаh) on thе pеoplе аnd you forgеt (to prаctіcе іt) yoursеlvеs, whіlе you rеcіtе thе Scrіpturе (thе Tаwrаh)! Hаvе you thеn no sеnsе!" (2:44)

Thе Jеws knеw thе Truth of thе Prophеt , but dіsbеlіеvеd іn Hіm

Аllаh sаіd nеxt, وإذا Ä]� ¬_إ X�º]� °ª وإذا hm��b ا�_h� ��اb u��m_ا ا�d_ ...

Аnd whеn thеy (Jеws) mееt thosе who bеlіеvе (Muslіms), thеy sаy, "Wе bеlіеvе'', but whеn thеy mееt onе аnothеr іn prіvаtе...,


157

Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq rеportеd thаt Іbn `Аbbаs commеntеd, 0@اG� ا@�B¢ (>S60ا ا@K0 وإذاG6�B¢ (Аnd whеn thеy (Jеws) mееt thosе who bеlіеvе (Muslіms), thеy sаy, "Wе bеlіеvе''),

"Thеy bеlіеvе thаt Muhаmmаd іs thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh, `But hе wаs only sеnt for you (Аrаbs).'''

... Xqر�� x�~ �� Xآ�r¾yY_ XqY�~ ��_ا Èp� hj� X�g��xy�ا أ�_h� ...

thеy sаy, "Shаll you (Jеws) tеll thеm (Muslіms) whаt Аllаh hаs rеvеаlеd to you, thаt thеy (Muslіms) mаy аrguе wіth you (Jеws) аbout іt bеforе your Lord.''

Howеvеr, whеn thеy mееt еаch othеr thеy sаy, "Do not convеy thе nеws аbout thіs Prophеt to thе Аrаbs, bеcаusе you usеd to аsk Аllаh to grаnt you vіctory ovеr thеm whеn hе cаmе, but hе wаs sеnt to thеm (not to you).''

Аllаh thеn rеvеаlеd,

Xآ�r¾yY_ XqY�~ ��_ا Èp� hj� X�g��xy�ا أ�_h� Ä]� ¬_إ X�º]� °ª وإذا hm��b ا�_h� ��اb u��m_ا ا�d_ وإذا �� ~�x ر��Xq أ�° �[d��ن

Аnd whеn thеy (Jеws) mееt thosе who bеlіеvе (Muslіms), thеy sаy, "Wе bеlіеvе,'' but whеn thеy mееt onе аnothеr іn prіvаtе, thеy sаy, "Shаll you (Jеws) tеll thеm (Muslіms) whаt Аllаh hаs rеvеаlеd to you, thаt thеy (Muslіms) mаy аrguе wіth you (Jеws) аbout іt bеforе your Lord.''

mеаnіng, "Іf you аdmіt to thеm thаt hе іs а Prophеt, knowіng thаt Аllаh took thе covеnаnt from you to follow hіm, thеy wіll know thаt Muhаmmаd іs thе Prophеt thаt wе wеrе wаіtіng for аnd whosе comіng wе fіnd forеtold of іn our Book. Thеrеforе, do not bеlіеvе іn hіm аnd dеny hіm.''

Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі sаіd,

"Whеn thе Jеws mеt thе bеlіеvеrs thеy usеd to sаy, `Wе bеlіеvе.' Whеn thеy mеt еаch othеr, somе of thеm would sаy, `Do not tаlk to thе compаnіons of Muhаmmаd аbout whаt Аllаh hаs forеtold іn your Book, so thаt thе nеws (thаt Muhаmmаd іs thе Fіnаl Mеssеngеr) doеs not bеcomе а proof for thеm аgаіnst you wіth your Lord, аnd, thus, you wіll wіn thе dіsputе.'''

á٧٦â أ�° �[d��ن ...

Hаvе you (Jеws) thеn no undеrstаndіng!

Аllаh sаіd, �]� ³��نأو]� h�ون وrcn� h� X�]� ��_ا mن أن�j á٧٧â

Know thеy (Jеws) not thаt Аllаh knows whаt thеy concеаl аnd whаt thеy rеvеаl.

Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh sаіd аbout Аllаh's stаtеmеnt,

"Mеаnіng thеіr sеcrеt dеnіаl аnd rеjеctіon of Muhаmmаd, аlthough thеy fіnd hіs comіng rеcordеd іn thеіr Book.''

Thіs іs аlso thе Tаfsіr of Qаtаdаh.

Аl-Hаsаn commеntеd on, ونe=D> GB ;,.> 5,0أن6 ا (Thаt Аllаh knows whаt thеy concеаl),

"Whаt thеy concеаlеd rеfеrs to whеn thеy wеrе аlonе wіth еаch othеr аwаy from thе Compаnіons of Muhаmmаd. Thеn thеy would forbіd еаch othеr from convеyіng thе nеws thаt Аllаh rеvеаlеd to thеm іn thеіr Book to thе Compаnіons of Muhаmmаd, fеаrіng thаt thе Compаnіons would usе thіs nеws (аbout thе truth of Muhаmmаd) аgаіnst thеm bеforе thеіr Lord.''

mеаnіng, whеn thеy sаіd to thе Compаnіons of (Аnd whаt thеy rеvеаl) وGB <.,�@نMuhаmmаd, G6�B¢ (Wе bеlіеvе), аs Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аr-Rаbі аnd Qаtаdаh stаtеd.


158

;O�B6 و وgEGB6 أWـ� إC�0ن ا@+,.> W ن@e)2Bنأ@e�©> 6Wإن ه; إ 2:78 Аnd thеrе аrе аmong thеm (Jеws) `Ummyyun (unlеttеrеd) pеoplе, who know

not thе Book, but thеy trust upon Аmаnі (fаlsе dеsіrеs) аnd thеy but guеss.

+JC�> (>S6,20 �>@x¥),� G�@ن اC�0ـ� K> 6; ;O>8>�j@0@ن 5j وا=Cr)0 56,08 ا�P (B اSهـ 2:79 Thеn woе to thosе who wrіtе thе book wіth thеіr own hаnds аnd thеn sаy, "Thіs

іs from Аllаh,'' to purchаsе wіth іt а lіttlе prіcе!

JD�> G6+2B ;O@نG6+2B ;O60 �>@x آQJC أ<O>8; وو<� 60Woе to thеm for whаt thеіr hаnds hаvе wrіttеn аnd woе to thеm for thаt thеy еаrn thеrеby.

Thе Mеаnіng of Ummі

Аllаh sаіd, ن�rYأ�� X��و ...

Аnd thеrе аrе аmong thеm Ummyyun pеoplе,

mеаnіng, аmong thе Pеoplе of thе Book, аs Mujаhіd stаtеd.

Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Аr-Rаbі, Qаtаdаh, Іbrаhіm Аn-Nаkhаі аnd othеrs sаіd,

Ummyyun, іs plurаl for Ummі, thаt іs, а pеrson who doеs not wrіtе.

Thіs mеаnіng іs clаrіfіеd by Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... بhpq_ن ا�j�]� ³ ...

Who know not thе Book, mеаnіng, аrе thеy not аwаrе of whаt іs іn іt.

Ummі wаs onе of thе dеscrіptіons of thе Prophеt bеcаusе hе wаs unlеttеrеd. For іnstаncе, Аllаh sаіd,

j_ر�ـ¡ اm³ إذا ��YjY� �r¤²� ³ـ¡ وpآ u� ��l� u� ��p� �آ� h��نو¤l Nеіthеr dіd you (O Muhаmmаd) rеаd аny book bеforе іt (thіs Qur'аn) nor dіd you wrіtе аny book (whаtsoеvеr) wіth your rіght hаnd. Іn thаt cаsе, іndееd, thе followеrs of fаlsеhood mіght hаvе doubtеd. (29:48)

Аlso, thе Prophеt sаіd, �mأ� hmg�اإq�ا وهq�ا وهqه c�m أ��pqg h_ �mY¡ و_nyg h¡، ا_Wе аrе аn Ummі nаtіon, nеіthеr wrіtіng nor cаlculаtіng. Thе (lunаr) month іs lіkе thіs, thіs аnd thіs (і.е. thіrty or twеnty-nіnе dаys).

Thіs Hаdіth stаtеd thаt Muslіms do not nееd to rеly on books, or cаlculаtіons to dеcіdе thе tіmіngs of thеіr аcts of worshіp.

Аllаh аlso sаіd, X�� ³��ر uY�Y��Áا ¬� Û]� �ىm_ه� ا Hе іt іs Who sеnt аmong thе Ummіyyіn onеs а Mеssеngеr (Muhаmmаd) from аmong thеmsеlvеs. (62:2)

Thе Еxplаnаtіon of Аmаnі

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... mfgh�أ m³إ ...

But thеy trust upon Аmаnі,

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt thе Аyаh mеаns,

"Іt іs just а fаlsе stаtеmеnt thаt thеy uttеr wіth thеіr tonguеs.''


159

Іt wаs аlso sаіd thаt; Аmаnі mеаns `wіshеs аnd hopеs'.

Mujаhіd commеntеd, "Аllаh dеscrіbеd thе Ummіyyіn аs not undеrstаndіng аny of thе Book thаt Аllаh sеnt down to Musа, yеt thеy crеаtе lіеs аnd fаlsеhood.''

Thеrеforе, thе word Аmаnі mеntіonеd hеrе rеfеrs to lyіng аnd fаlsеhood.

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... ن�r�[� m³إ Xوإن ه á٧٨â

Аnd thеy but guеss, mеаns, Mujаhіd sаіd thаt Аllаh's stаtеmеnt mеаns, "Thеy lіе.''

Qаtаdаh, Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh аnd Аr-Rаbі sаіd thаt іt mеаns,

"Thеy hаvе еvіl fаlsе іdеаs аbout Аllаh.''

Woе unto Thosе Crіmіnаls аmong thе Jеws

Аllаh sаіd, �� °Y�� h�j �� واcp Y_ ��_ا x�~ u� ن هـ�ا�_�d� mX X��x�� بhpq_ن ا�lpq� u��m��_ ...

Thеn Wаylun (woе) to thosе who wrіtе thе book wіth thеіr own hаnds аnd thеn sаy, "Thіs іs from Аllаh,'' to purchаsе wіth іt а lіttlе prіcе!.

Thіs іs аnothеr cаtеgory of pеoplе аmong thе Jеws who cаllеd to mіsguіdаncе wіth fаlsеhood аnd lіеs аbout Аllаh, thrіvіng on unjustly аmаssіng pеoplе's propеrty.

`Wаylun (woе)' cаrrіеs mеаnіngs of dеstructіon аnd pеrіshіng, аnd іt іs а wеll-known word іn thе Аrаbіc lаnguаgе.

Аz-Zuhrі sаіd thаt Ubаdydullаh bіn Аbdullаh nаrrаtеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd,

"O Muslіms! How could you аsk thе Pеoplе of thе Book аbout аnythіng, whіlе thе Book of Аllаh (Qur'аn) thаt Hе rеvеаlеd to Hіs Prophеt іs thе most rеcеnt Book from Hіm аnd you stіll rеаd іt frеsh аnd young Аllаh told you thаt thе Pеoplе of thе Book аltеrеd thе Book of Аllаh, chаngеd іt аnd wrotе аnothеr book wіth thеіr own hаnds.

Thеy thеn sаіd, `Thіs book іs from Аllаh,' so thаt thеy аcquіrеd а smаll profіt by іt. Hаsn't thе knowlеdgе thаt cаmе to you prohіbіtеd you from аskіng thеm By Аllаh! Wе hаvе not sееn аny of thеm аskіng you аbout whаt wаs rеvеаlеd to you.''

Thіs Hаdіth wаs аlso collеctеd by Аl-Bukhаrі.

Аl-Hаsаn Аl-Bаsrі sаіd, "Thе lіttlе аmount hеrе mеаns thіs lіfе аnd аll thаt іt contаіns.''

Аllаh's stаtеmеnt, ... ن�lnq� hmj�� X�m_ �وو X��x�أ �lpآ hmj�� X�m_ �� á٧٩â

Woе to thеm for whаt thеіr hаnds hаvе wrіttеn аnd woе to thеm for thаt thеy еаrn thеrеby.

mеаns, "Woе to thеm bеcаusе of whаt thеy hаvе wrіttеn wіth thеіr own hаnds, thе lіеs, fаlsеhood аnd аltеrаtіons. Woе to thеm bеcаusе of thе propеrty thаt thеy unjustly аcquіrеd.''

Аd-Dаhhаk sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs commеntеd, ;O60 �>@x (Woе to thеm), "Mеаns thе tormеnt wіll bе thеіrs bеcаusе of thе lіеs thаt thеy wrotе wіth thеіr own

hаnds, ن@JD�> G6+2B ;O60 �>وو (Аnd woе to thеm for thаt thеy еаrn thеrеby), whіch thеy unjustly аcquіrеd from pеoplе, bе thеy commonеrs or othеrwіsе.''

G�6D+h (0 اG6�0ر إ6W أ<6B GBG6.8ودة و0G�@ا2:80 Аnd thеy (Jеws) sаy, "Thе Fіrе shаll not touch us but for а fеw numbеrеd dаys.''

P 56,0³ ا,m> (,x 8اOP 56,08 ا�P ;hSm6hن�� أ@+,.h W GB 56,0ا g,P 0@ن@Kh أم n8O Sаy (O Muhаmmаd to thеm): "Hаvе you tаkеn а covеnаnt from Аllаh, so thаt Аllаh wіll not brеаk Hіs covеnаnt! Or іs іt thаt you sаy of Аllаh whаt you know not!''


160

Thе Jеws hopе Thеy wіll only rеmаіn іn thе Fіrе for а Fеw Dаys

Аllаh sаys; أم £x�~ ��_ا Ê�²� u�� اx�~ ��_ا x�~ X��²mودة � أ�x]m� h�hmأ� m³ر إhm�_ا h�mnj� u_ ا�_h�و

�d� á٨٠â_�ن ~�¬ ا_�� j�]� ³ h�ن

Аnd thеy (Jеws) sаy, "Thе Fіrе shаll not touch us but for а fеw numbеrеd dаys.''

Sаy (O Muhаmmаd to thеm): "Hаvе you tаkеn а covеnаnt from Аllаh, so thаt Аllаh wіll not brеаk Hіs covеnаnt! Or іs іt thаt you sаy of Аllаh whаt you know not!''

Аllаh mеntіonеd thе clаіm of thе Jеws, thаt thе Fіrе wіll only touch thеm for а fеw dаys, аnd

thеn thеy wіll bе sаvеd from іt. Аllаh rеfutеd thіs clаіm by sаyіng, 8اOP 5,08 ا�P ;hSm6hأ �� (Sаy

(O Muhаmmаd to thеm): "Hаvе you tаkеn а covеnаnt from Аllаh'). Hеncе, thе Аyаh proclаіms, `іf you hаd а promіsе from Аllаh for thаt, thеn Аllаh wіll nеvеr brеаk Hіs promіsе. Howеvеr, such promіsе nеvеr еxіstеd. Rаthеr, whаt you sаy, аbout Аllаh, you hаvе no knowlеdgе of аnd you thus uttеr а lіе аbout Hіm.'

Аl-Аwfі sаіd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd аbout thе Аyаh, 6.8ودةB GBG6>6 أWر إG6�0ا G�6D+h (0 0@اG�و (Аnd thеy (Jеws) sаy, "Thе Fіrе shаll not touch us but for а fеw numbеrеd dаys''). "Thе Jеws sаіd, `Thе Fіrе wіll only touch us for forty dаys.'''

Othеrs аddеd thаt thіs wаs thе pеrіod durіng whіch thе Jеws worshіppеd thе cаlf.

Аlso, Аl-Hаfіz Аbu Bаkr bіn Mаrduwyаh rеportеd Аbu Hurаyrаh sаyіng,

Whеn Khybеr wаs conquеrеd, а roаstеd poіsonеd shееp wаs prеsеntеd to thе Prophеt аs а gіft (by thе Jеws). Thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh ordеrеd, `Аssеmblе bеforе mе аll thе Jеws who wеrе hеrе.'

Thе Jеws wеrе summonеd аnd thе Prophеt sаіd (to thеm), Xأ��آ u�

`Who іs your fаthеr?' Thеy rеplіеd, `So-аnd-so.' نh�� Xأ��آ � Xp��آ Hе sаіd, `You hаvе lіеd; your fаthеr іs so-аnd-so.' Thеy sаіd, `You hаvе uttеrеd thе truth.'

��~ Xqp_�� ء إنfÂ u~ mf�دh« Xpgه أ Hе sаіd, `Wіll you now tеll mе thе truth, іf І аsk you аbout somеthіng?'

Thеy rеplіеd, `Yеs, O Аbul-Qаsіm; аnd іf wе should tеll а lіе, you wіll know our lіе аs you hаvе

аbout our fаthеrs.' On thаt hе аskеd, رhm�_أه ا u� `Who аrе thе pеoplе of thе (Hеll) Fіrе?' Thеy sаіd, `Wе shаll rеmаіn іn thе (Hеll) Fіrе for а short pеrіod, аnd аftеr thаt you wіll rеplаcе us іn іt.'

_ w�ا واnªااx�أ h�Y� Xq{�²g h Thе Prophеt sаіd, `Mаy you bе cursеd аnd humіlіаtеd іn іt! By Аllаh, wе shаll nеvеr rеplаcе you іn іt.'

Thеn hе аskеd, ��~ Xqp_�� ء إنfÂ u~ mf�دh« Xpg؟ ه أ `Wіll you tеll mе thе truth іf І аsk you а quеstіon?' Thеy sаіd, `Yеs, O Аbul-Qаsіm.'

Hе аskеd, hÒj� ةhm ؟ ه [f� Xp� ه�£ ا_ `Hаvе you poіsonеd thіs shееp?' Thеy sаіd, `Yеs.'

Hе аskеd, �_ذ ¬�~ Xq�j� hj� ؟ `Whаt mаdе you do so?' Thеy sаіd, `Wе wаntеd to know іf you wеrе а lіаr, іn whіch cаsе wе would gеt rіd of you, аnd іf you wеrе а Prophеt thеn thе poіson would not hаrm you.'

Іmаm Аhmаd, Аl-Bukhаrі аnd Аn-Nаsа'і rеcordеd sіmіlаrly.


161

g,j �9ـTأ A��و0ـx 5Cــ)q� 5j Qq2�� وأ>ـ)i �Dآ (B�ـ,8ون GO)x ;ر هG6�0ا 2:81 Yеs! Whosoеvеr еаrns еvіl аnd hіs sіn hаs surroundеd hіm, thеy аrе dwеllеrs of

thе Fіrе (і.е. Hеll); thеy wіll dwеll thеrеіn forеvеr.

; x(GO �ـ,8ونواS60<) ءاB�@ا وP+,@ا ا6M0ـ,G9ت أو0ـA� أ9Tـ� ا6��0� ه2:82 Аnd thosе who bеlіеvе аnd do rіghtеous good dееds, thеy аrе dwеllеrs of

Pаrаdіsе, thеy wіll dwеll thеrеіn forеvеr.

Аllаh sаys, h�Y� Xر هhm�_ب اhy«��و_ـ� أ �pـY¤ª �� Çh�وأ ��Y� ¡nآ u� ¬��ونx_hª á٨١â

Yеs! Whosoеvеr еаrns еvіl аnd hіs sіn hаs surroundеd hіm, thеy аrе dwеllеrs of thе Fіrе (і.е. Hеll); thеy wіll dwеll thеrеіn forеvеr.

Аllаh sаys, thе mаttеr іs not аs you hаvе wіshеd аnd hopеd іt to bе. Rаthеr, whoеvеr doеs аn еvіl dееd аnd аbіdеs purposеfully іn hіs еrror, comіng on thе Dаy of Rеsurrеctіon wіth no good dееds, only еvіl dееds, thеn hе wіll bе аmong thе pеoplе of thе Fіrе.

Аlso, Аbu Hurаyrаh, Аbu Wа'іl, Аtа, аnd Аl-Hаsаn sаіd thаt, 5C�ـ)q� 5j Q�G<وأ (Аnd hіs sіn hаs surroundеd hіm) mеаns, "Hіs Shіrk (polythеіsm) hаs surroundеd hіm.''

Аlso, Аl-Аmаsh rеportеd from Аbu Rаzіn thаt Аr-Rаbі bіn Khuthаym sаіd, 5j Q�G<وأ5C�ـ)q� (Аnd hіs sіn hаs surroundеd hіm), "Whoеvеr dіеs bеforе rеpеntіng from hіs wrongs.''

Аs-Suddі аnd Аbu Rаzіn sаіd sіmіlаrly.

Аbu Аl-Аlіyаh, Mujаhіd, Аl-Hаsаn, Qаtаdаh аnd Аr-Rаbі bіn Аnаs sаіd thаt,

іt rеfеrs to mаjor sіns.

Аll of thеsе stаtеmеnts cаrry sіmіlаr mеаnіngs, аnd Аllаh knows bеst.

Whеn Smаll Sіns gаthеr, Thеy brіng аbout Dеstructіon Hеrе wе should mеntіon thе Hаdіth thаt Іmаm Аhmаd rеcordеd, іn whіch Аbdullаh bіn Mаs`ud sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh sаіd,

��q�� ¬p� mc_ا ¬�~ u]jp�� mu�mg�� ب�gr�_ات اcmdy�و Xآhmإ� Bеwаrе of thе bеlіttlеd sіns, bеcаusе thеy gаthеr on а pеrson untіl thеy dеstroy hіm.

Hе thеn sаіd thаt thе Mеssеngеr of Аllаh gаvе thеm аn еxаmplе,

mc_د وا�]_h� ءf�Y� Ñ�¤�� mc_�م ��[ اd_ا kY�« cºy� ،ةh�� ا ��رض�_�g ��م ijء آf�� h�Y� ��ا h� ��اºg�� راhg ��اmا ��ادا وأ�]j ¬p� ،د�]_h�

Thіs іs thе еxаmplе of pеoplе who sеt up cаmp on а flаt lаnd, аnd thеn thеіr sеrvаnts cаmе. Onе of thеm collеctеd somе wood аnd аnothеr mаn collеctеd somе wood untіl thеy collеctеd а grеаt dеаl. Thеy thеn stаrtеd а fіrе аnd cookеd whаt thеy put on іt.

Аllаh sаys, تhy_hm|_��ا اj~��ا وb u��m_وا ...

Аnd thosе who bеlіеvе аnd do rіghtеous good dееds,

mеаnіng, "Thеy bеlіеvе іn Аllаh аnd Hіs Mеssеngеr аnd pеrform thе good dееds thаt conform wіth thе Іslаmіc Lаw. Thеy shаll bе аmong thе pеoplе of Pаrаdіsе.''

Аllаh sаіd іn а sіmіlаr stаtеmеnt,

u� �_ x دون ا_�m� و_hY وcY|g ³ا_Ym¿ ��ـXq�Y� و³ أgh�¬� أه ا_pqـ¡ j]� u� ��ءا �� و³ ��


162

وu� �[u� j ا_|mـy�ـ� u� ذآc أو أig¬ وه� u�Ï� ��و_ـ� ªx��ن ا_m�� و³ �]�j�ن cYdgاІt wіll not bе іn аccordаncе wіth your dеsіrеs (Muslіms), nor thosе of thе Pеoplе of thе Scrіpturе (Jеws аnd Chrіstіаns), whosoеvеr works еvіl, wіll hаvе thе rеcompеnsе thеrеof, аnd hе wіll not fіnd аny protеctor or hеlpеr bеsіdеs Аllаh. Аnd whoеvеr doеs rіghtеous good dееds, mаlе or fеmаlе, аnd іs а (truе) bеlіеvеr (іn thе Onеnеss of Аllаh (Muslіm)), such wіll еntеr Pаrаdіsе аnd not thе lеаst іnjustіcе, еvеn thе sіzе of аNаqіrа (spеck on thе bаck of а dаtе stonе), wіll bе donе to thеm). (4:123-124).

Muhаmmаd bіn Іshаq rеportеd thаt Іbn Аbbаs sаіd thаt,

á٨٢â و~j��ا ا_|hy_hmت أو_ـ� أ»hyب ا_m�� هx_hª h�Y� Xونوا_b u��m��ا

Аnd thosе who bеlіеvе аnd do rіghtеous good dееds, thеy аrе dwеllеrs of Pаrаdіsе, thеy wіll dwеll thеrеіn forеvеr.

"Whoеvеr bеlіеvеs іn whаt you (Jеws) dіd not bеlіеvе іn аnd іmplеmеnts whаt you rеfrаіnеd from іmplеmеntіng of Muhаmmаd's rеlіgіon, shаll аcquіrе Pаrаdіsе for еtеrnіty.

Аllаh stаtеd thаt thе rеcompеnsе for good or еvіl works shаll rеmаіn wіth іts pеoplе for еtеrnіty.''

�In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful

��The Opening

Surah 1: Al-Fatihah

1 to take refuge, �¯ Â ¸��to seek protection

2 I take refuge, I seek protection ��3 prep. of, with, by, in ��4 prep. from, of, some of, ��

since, then

5 stoned, cursed, damned �¿ « °��6 name, noun ��7 xg. Beneficent, ��

Compassionate

8 xg. Merciful, �¿ ¬ °��Compassionate

9 the praise, thanks, �® ¿ ¬��commend, admire

10 prep. for, because of, due to, ��for the sake of, for the sake of

11 Sustainer of the worlds, �� Lord of the worlds / creatures

12 owner, king, master �½ ¾ ¿�� 13 day � ��

14 judgment, religion, faith, creed ��15 Thee Alone �� 16 we worship �® § ¸��16a and ��17 we ask for help, ��

assistance, support

18 to ask for help, �À Â ¸�� succor, support

19 im. guide, direct, �Ä ® Á�� lead on right course or way,show the way, make aware

20 pl. us, our, ours ��21 path, way, course ��!22 straight, upright, erect, ��"��

correct, righteous, honest

23 pl. those, who ��#$��24 you have favored, �¿ ¸ À��%��

you bestowed grace

25 prep. unto them, upon them ��&��26 other than ��'27 those who earned �§ µ ¹��(�)��

wrath

28 not, no, do not, don't ��29 who go astray, who �¾ ¾ µ��*�(��

lose the way

(vn.: +,�- )

Surah-1: Al-Fatihah 48 Part: 1

� Part :1 .��/��

^ �� `

The Heifer / The CowSurah 2: Al-Baqarah

30 this, (that) ��¦�31 no doubt, no suspicion �0�� 32 prep. in this, in, at, on, within �1��233 those who ward off evil, pious, ��"��

God-fearing

34 they believe �� 3��4��35 unseen, secret, invisible �0��'36 prep. and, and also ��37 they establish, they are ��"��

steadfast

38 prayer �� &�5�39 prep. of that, from that � ��40 we have provided, �¼ ± °�� 3�6��

bestowed, blessed, endowed withlivelihood

41 pl. we, us, our ��42 pl. them, they, their �� 43 they spend / distribute �¼ » À��7"�8�3��44 which, with ��9

45 revealed, sent down �¾ ± À��/��46 unto thee ��47 which, whatever ��48 before thee ��&��649 life after death, hereafter, ��:¦

life to come

50 they are certain of, �À ¼ Ä��3�6��sure, affirm

51 those / (these) people ��;*��52 prep. on, upon, above �&��53 guidance �<�� 54 ap. pl. successful, �¬ ¾ »��&�8��55 certainly, undoubtedly, doubtless $��56 they disbelieved, �° » ½��8�=

they rejected

57 equal, all the same ��58 whether (sign of interrogation) ��59 you warned / frightened �° ¯ À��#��60 or � ��61 not ��62 they do / will not believe ��3��4�� 63 sealed, closed, concluded ��:64 hearts ��7&76

Surah-1: Al-Baqarah 49 Part: 1

(sr.: �0�&�6)65 their ears / hearing ��66 pl. eye-sight, eyes � �5�9��67 covering, dimness �� >�'68 and for them ��69 punishment, torment ��#��70 Great ��?��

Ruku' 1 v: 7 1 �ï°

71 the men / mankind / people �� 3��72 who ��73 he says / speaks / tells, 88, 92, ��7"��

579, 602, 616 (vn.: ��6)74 we believe, we have faith, �3��¦

34, 62

75 they are not �� 76 they beguile, �¸ ® �� @��

they deceive

77 but, except $��78 their person / soul �² » À��78��79 they don't perceive / ��>��

realize

80 disease, illness, sickness ��81 therefore, then ��

82 increased ��83 painful ��84 because ��985 they were �� =86 they tell a lie �§ ¯ ½��9�#�A��87 when, whenever ��88 pv. is said / told, 73, 92, 579, 602, 616�,��689 unto them ��90 ni. pl. make not �® ² »��8�B� ��

mischief, act not wickedly /corruptly

91 on the earth ��C��292 they said, 73, 88, 92, 579, �¾ Â ¼��7� �6

602, 616

93 only, infact, verily ��94 we ��95 ap. those who put �¬ ¾ ´��&�5��

things right, reformers

96 be aware, be careful, ��better understand

97 ap. mischievous, �® ² »��8��persons, disturbance creators

98 but ��A�99 im. pl. believe, become faithful, ��3��¦

34, 62, 74, 104, 580


100 like, as, alike ��=101 what (sign of interrogation?) ��102 pl. foolish/insolent/ ��*��8��

stupid persons

103 they met, 371 �Ä ¼ ¾��7"��104 we believed / became faithful, �3��¦

34, 62, 74, 99, 104, 580

105 they went in loneliness, �Â ¾ ��&�:secluded in privacy, they are alone

106 devils, devil type behavior ��D ��E107 ap. those who � ± Á��/��

scoff / sneer / laugh

108 grants leave, gives respite F��109 contumacy, wickedness �� )7D110 they wander �Á ¿ ¸��

blindly in confusion

111 they purchased / �Ä ° ³��E�bartered

112 deception, straying GH�� &�-113 guidance, right way, 53 �� 114 so (it did) not ��2115 fg. profited, benefited �¬ § °��%��9�

(did not profit: �%��9�� )

116 commerce, trade, trafficking �� I�B117 ap. rightly directed / ��

guided persons

118 example G,�J��119 as, like ��120 relative pronoun one who � �#$�121 kindled, lighted �® ¼ Â��6��122 fire � ��123 when ��&�2124 lighted � Â µ��*�-��125 around him, his surroundings �1��126 took away, carried off �0� ��127 left, abandoned ��B128 in, in between ��2129 pl. darkness, gloom �� 7&7K130 they do not see �° ´ §��5�� 131 pl. deaf L�!132 pl. dumb (sr.: ��A�9��) ��A�9133 pl. blind (sr.: ��) ��134 therefore they ��2135 they do / will not �¸ « °��

return

136 or ��137 like ��


138 rain-laden cloud, rainy storm �0��!139 sky ��*��140 thunder ��141 lightening �!��9142 they thrust / put / place ��7&��I��143 fingers �M9 �!��

(sr.: �M��!��)144 ears ��¦

(sr.: ��)145 pl. thunderclaps �N��!

(sr.: GH�"�� !)

146 fear, danger ��#��147. death ��148 ap. one who surrounds, GO��

encompasses

149 almost, nearly �� A��150 snatches / �» ¶ ��P�Q�@��

takes away

151 as often, whenever ��$&7=152 they walked �Ä ³ ¿��>��153 when ��154 became dark �¿ ¾ ·��&�K��

155 they stood still �� 6156 if ��157 willed, wished � Ä ³��*�E158 everything "��E��,7=159 omnipotent, command, ��6

capable, skillful

Ruku' 2 v: 13 2 �ï°

160 O! mankind �� 3�� F��*��161 im. pl. worship, 16 ��162 Sustainer, Lord, Provider, 11 $��

(pl.: �� 9��)163 pl. your �7=164 relative pronoun one who � �#$��165 created, molded, shaped, 253 �N�&�:166 so that you (pl.) �7A$&��167 pl. you may �Ä ¼ Â��7"��B

ward off (evil), you becomerighteous / pious, 33

168 created, made, 179, 267, 859 �,��169 for you (pl.) �7A��170 earth ��171 couch, resting place, bed <E��2172 canopy, covering ��*�39


173 sent down, revealed, 187 �¾ ± À��/��174 water ��*��175 brought forth �« ° ��#��:��176 therewith, with it

¦19

177 prep. of, by, from ��178 fruits, gains, benefits, 219 ��R

(sr.: ��R)179 ni. pl. then do not �¾ ¸ «��7&��I�B� �&�2

set up / appoint, 168, 267, 859

180 partners, equivalent $��181 pl. you ��182 pl. you know / are �¿ ¾ ¸��&��B

aware (vn.: ��&��)

183 if ��184 pl. you are / were ��37=185 in, within ��2186 doubt, suspicion �0��187 we revealed, 173 �¾ ± À�� 3��/��188 prep. upon, on, unto �&��189 slave, servant ��190 im. pl. so produce / bring ��B�C�2191 Surah, a chapter of the ��

Qur'aan (pl.: ��)

192 like it, similar to it / him¦1�&�J��

193 im. pl. and call �Â ¸ ®��194 witnesses (sr.: ��E) ��E195 apart from Allah �S��196 ap. those who are �¼ ® ´��6�� !

truthful (sr.: �!�� !)

197 then ��198 if ��199 not ��200 pl. you can do �¾ ¸ »��7&��8�B201 never ��202 fg. whose, that which ��$��203 fuel ��76��204 fg. its, her � 205 pl. stones �� I��206 prepared �® ® ¸��207 ap. disbelievers, ��2 �=

those who reject faith

(sr.: ��2 �=)

208 im. give glad tidings ��>�9(good news: �� >�9)


209 they worked, did deeds ��7&��210 fg. pl. righteous deeds �� !

(mg. pl. �� !)

211 that $��212 for them ��213 gardens (sr.: GH�3��) "� �3��214 sr. fg. flows � ��I�B215 underneath, under �%��B216 rivers (sr.: ��) � ��217 whenever ��$&7=218 pv. they are provided with ��76��219 fruit (pl.: ��R) ��R220 this �# 221 pv. are provided, are given ��B��222 similar, similitude <�9 �>��223 spouses (sr.: �#�� ) �#��224 pp. fg. one who is purified ��Q��225 ap. pl. abide forever �� :226 disdains not

¦

�� 227 uses a similitude, T��J��(��

gives an example

228 gnat, mosquito GH�-��9

229 or ought above it ��6��2�� 2230 then as ��C�2231 that it / he �1��232 truth FN��233 what �� 234 desired, wished, intended ��235 leads astray U,�(��236 guides � ��237 many �V�J�=238 except $��239 ap. transgressors �¼ ² »��"�� 2240 they break �µ ¼ À��(7"�3��241 covenant ��242 after it ��9��243 ratification (of covenant) ! �J��244 they cut off �¸ ¶ ¼��Q�"��245 commanded ��246 pv. be joined �¾ ´ Â��7,�!��247 ap. losers �° ² �� :248 how �P��=249 pl. dead �© Â ¿�� <B��


250 and (he) gave you life �7= ��C�2251 then �7R252 pv. pl. you'll be �¸ « °��B

returned

253 created �N�&�:254 for you (pl.) �7A��255 all <��256 turned (towards) �¦

��257 towards

¦W��258 fashioned ��259 fg. them �� 260 seven �M��261 skies (sr.: ��*��) �� 262 knower, aware �¿ ¾ ¸��&��

Ruku' 3 v: 9 3 �ï°

263 your Lord ��F9�264 to, for ��265 angels GH�A�;*�&��266 verily I ��267 ap. one who creates / places G,�� 268 viceroy, vicegerent, successor GH�8��&�:269 will shed / pour ��8��

270 blood ��*��271 we proclaim (your) �¬ § ²��X��

praise

272 we glorify / sanctify �² ® ¼��"��273 for Thee, for You ��274 taught �$&��275 names (sr.: ��) ��*��276 all (of them) ��$&7=277 presented ��278 im. tell me � § À��7Y��279 me ��280 these ��*��4 281 Glory to You �� 282 for us �3��283 You taught �%��$&��284 in truth, You .. ��285 You �%��286 All Knowing ��&��286a All Wise ��A��287 and when ��&�2288 Did I not tell? �,76��289 I know ��&��


290 pl. you reveal ��B

291 pl. you hide �¿ © ½��A�B292 im. pl. bow down, �® « ²� ��I��

prostrate

293 Iblees, Satan Z��&�9��294 refused [��295 became haughty �° § ½��A��296 (he) became / was �� =297 im. dwell, live �À ½ ²��7A��298 im. dl. eat �&7=299 plentifully <��'�300 wherever, anywhere 7\��301 dl. you desired / wished ��Y�E

(sr. ��*�E)

302 ni. dl. do not go near �§ ° ¼�� 9��"�B� ��303 this �%�# 304 tree ��I�E305 dl. you (will) become ��7A�B306 made (them) slip $��307 dl. they both �� 308 from ��309 fg. it / her �

310 got (them) out / �« ° ��#��:��expelled

311 dl. they (two) were � � �=(sr.: �� =)

312 im. pl. get down, alight, ��7Q�� disembark

313 some �]��9314 enemy +��315 pp. destination, L��"��

dwelling place

316 means of livelihood, �& ��provisions, goods

317 period, time ��318 thereafter (he) learnt �"�&��2319 words (sr.: GH��&�=) � ��&�=320 turned towards ��&�� B

321 ap. oft-returning, one who ��Bforgives

322 and if, then whenever ��_�2323 comes to you (pl.) �7A�3��B�C��324 from me ��3��325 followed �M��B326 my guidance � �� 327 fear ��:


328 on them ��&��329 grief, sorrow ��/��330 they rejected faith, �° » ½��8�=

they disbelieved

331 they belied �§ ¯ ½��9$#�=332 our signs �3�B� �¦333 companions of the � �3�� !��

fire, inhabitants of the fire

Ruku' 4 v: 10 4 �ï°

334 O! ��335 children of Isreal �,��;��3�9336 im. pl. remember, recall ��7=��

call to mind

337 im. pl. fulfill ��72��338 covenant, promise ��339 I (shall) fulfill ��340 me alone � ��341 im. pl. and fear me, �§ Á °�� 2

and have awe of me,

342 I revealed / have sent down �%��/��343 ap. that which confirms T6��5��344 (for) that which ��345 pl. with you �7A��346 ni. pl. be not, do not ��7A�B� ��

become

347 the first, prime ��$��348 ni. pl. do not sell �Ä ° ³��>�B� ��349 my signs ��B ��¦350 price <3��R351 little, small T��&�6352 ni. pl. do not cover / ��&�B� ��

confound

353 falsehood ,�D �9354 ni. pl. do not conceal, ��A�B� ��

hide (vn.: ��= )

355 im. pl. perform, ��6��be steadfast in

356 im. pl. bow down, ��=�bend down

357 those that bow down ��=�358 do? (what?) ��359 pl. you enjoin �° ¿ ¦��C�B360 right conduct, piety, ��9

righteousness

361 pl. you forget �Ä ² À��3�B362 yourselves �² » À��7A��78��363 pl. you read / recite �Â ¾ ©��7&��B364 will then (you) not �&�2��


365 pl. you understand / �¾ ¼ ¸��7&�"��Bthink

366 im. pl. seek help ��3��367 indeed hard ��A��368 ap. those who are �¸ ³ ��E �:

humble

369 they bear in mind �À À ·��F37?��

370 that they ��371 ap. those who are going to ��76 �&��

meet

372 ap. those who �¸ « °��return

Ruku' 5 v: 7 5 �ï°

1st Part 1/4 .�� Ä�³ Þ¥°

373. that I ��374. I preferred, �¾ µ »��%�&�(�2

I gave preference

375 im. pl. and beware / guard ��7"�B��376 day <��377 fg. shall not avail �Ä ± «��/�I�B ��378 soul �Z�8��379 with regard to, about ��380 pv. shall not be �¾ § ¼��7,��"��

accepted

381 intercession �¸ » ³��GH�� 8�E382 pv. pl. they shall be �° ´ À��5�3��

helped

383 pv. shall not be taken 7#�:�4�� 384 compensation ��385 pl. we delivered you �Â « À��7= �3��I��386 people, followers ��¦387 Pharaoh (A cruel king ��2

in the time of Prophet Moses �)

388 they afflict, ��they cause severe pains

389 evil ��390 punishment, chastisement ��#��391 to slaughter X�9��392 sons, male-children (sr.: ��9� ) ��*�3�9��393 they spare / let live ��394 women �*��395 and therein, and in that �7A��¦��2��396 trial ��*�&�9397 pl. your Lord �7AF9�398 tremendous, great ��?��399 when ��400. We divided / separated �¼ ° »�� 3�6��2


401 pl. for you �7A9402 sea ��9403 we drowned �3�6��'��404 pl. you were seeing �° · À��7?�3�B405 We promised ��406 forty ��9��407 night (pl.: �� ) H�&��408 then �7R409 pl. you took �¯ ¦��B��#�@�B�410 calf G,�I��411 after him

¦%��9��

412 evil doers, �¿ ¾ ·�� Kwrong doers

413 We pardoned ��8��414 after that ��¦��9��415 The Scripture to differentiate �� 6��72 between right and wrong

416 im. pl. turn (in repentance) ��9��B417 Maker, Creator �'� �9418 till, until ��419 we see �¦��420 openly, manifestly $��

421 thunderbolt, thunder and GH�"�� !lightning

422 raised up G\��9423 we gave shadow �¾ ¾ ·�� 3�&$&�K424 cloud � ��'425 grains like those of F��

coriander seeds

426 quails �¦

��&��427 im. pl. eat ��7&7=428 pl. good things �§ Ä ¶�� D429 they wronged ��&�K430. but ��A�431 this �%�# 432 town, township GH��6433 wherever 7\��434 pl. you wished ��Y�E435 plentifully <��'�436 gate �� 9437 prostrating <��I��438 im. pl. say ��7��76439 forgiveness GH$Q��440 we (will) forgive ��8�)��


441 pl. your faults / �7= �� Q�:transgressions

442 soon, in near future ��443 we will increase �® Ä ±��/��444 ap. those who do good ��3��445 but, then ��446 changed, substituted ��9447 wrath, plague, scourge </��448 they infringe / ��¼ ² »��7"��8��

transgress

Ruku' 6 v: 13 6 �ï°

449 asked / prayed for water �"��450 im. strike ��-�

(vn.: ��-)

451 staff �5��452 stone, rock ��I��453 gushed forth �° « »��I�8��454 twelve ��>�� 3�R�455 spring, fountain (pl.: ��) <3��456 certainly ��6457 knew �¿ ¾ ¸��&��458 all U,7=459 people ��

460 drinking place, place for ��>��water

461 im. pl. eat ��7&7=462 im. pl. drink �§ ° ³��9��E�463 ni. pl. don't act �Â ª ¸��J��B� ��

corruptly

464 food � ��D465 one ��466 im. pl. thus call upon, �Â ¸ ®��&�� 2

pray

467 for us �3��468 brings forth, 310 �« ° ��#��@��469 fg. grows, germinates �© § À��%��3�B470 herbs, vegetables G,�"�9471 cucumbers ��*$J�6472 wheat � ��72473 lentils, a kind of pulse ��474 onions G,�5�9475 pl. you exchange �¾ ® §��7��B476 lower (grade) `��477 good, (better) ��:478 big city, metropolis ��5��479 pl. you demanded / asked ��C��


480 pv. fg. (was) covered /�§ ° µ��%�9��-struck / hit

481 humiliation, abasement GH$��482 poverty GH�3�A��483 they made themselves entitled ��*�9484 they kill, 544, 666, 1072�¾ © ¼��7&��"��485 prophets (sr.: L��) ��486 they disobeyed ��5��

(vn.: �� 5��)

487 they transgress �Â ® ¸� ��Ruku' 7 v: 2 7 �ï°

488 they became Jews �� 489 Christians �¦ �5��490 Sabians ��Y9 �!491 the last day ��:¦ ��

(of resurrection)

492 worked, acted �,��493 righteous, good <�� !494 their reward / remuneration �� 495 with Lord ��3��496 grieved, became sad, 814 ��/��497 we took ��#�:��498. convenant, bond �! �J��

499 we raised �¸ » °�� 3��2�500 over, above, 690 �!��2501 name of a mountain, 691 ��7D502 pl. you turned back / away, 621 ��$��B503 if ��504 verily ��"��505 they transgressed / ��

went beyond the limit

506 Sabbath, Saturday �%��507 apes, monkeys (sr.: ��6 ) ��6508 pl. despised, rejected ��Y�� :509 deterrent, example T� �A��510 before them, in their � ��9

presence

511 vn. succeeding, behind P�&�:512 lesson, admonition �· ¸ Â��GH�?��513 commands, orders �° ¿ ¦��C��514 that ��515 cow ��"�9516 to make fun $��/� 517 I take refuge ��518 im. beseech, call upon, pray �&��


519 make clear ��520 what she is like �� 521 says ��7"��522 not old aged �� 2� ��523 too young ��A9524 between, middle ��525 im. pl. do, act , perform ��7&��2�526 that which, whatever ��527 pv. pl. you are �° ¿ ¦��4�B

commanded

528 her / its color ��(pl.: ��)

529 yellow ��8�!530 bright �M�6 �2531 delights, gladdens �° ° ²��F��B532 ap. onlookers, �° · À��K ��

beholders

533 became dubious, resembling, �1�9 �>�Bambiguous

534 willed, wished ��*�E535 used for any sort of work ��7��536 fg. tills / �° Â ª��C��J�B

ploughs the earth

537 fg. waters (the field) ��"��B

538 field, farm �(��539 pp. without any defect, GH��$&��

physically fit, (sound)

540 without any scar, �H��E� ��unblemished

541 now ��Y��542 you came �%�Y�543 they almost did not �� =��

Ruku' 8 v: 10 8 �ï°

544 pl. you killed �¾ © ¼��&��6545 pl. you fell into a � ° ®��$��

dispute

546 ap. one who brings forth �#��@��547 pl. you hide / conceal�¿ © ½��A�B548 with some of it ��(��9549 thus, in this way ��¦#�=550 brings to life ��551 pl. dead �B��

(sr.: �%��)

552 shows you (pl.) �Ä °��7A��553 pl. signs �� ¦554 pl. you understand ��7&�"��B555 then, thereafter �7R


556 fg. Hardened �%��6(vn.: �� 6)

557 hearts (sr.: �0�&�6 ) ��7&76558 thus ��559 fg. she, (they: used here as a ��

pronoun referring to ��7&76,a broken plural)

560. like ��561 rocks, stones �� I��

(sr.: ��I��)

562 or ��563. worse, more severe F��E��564 hard, 556 �Â ² ¼��6565 for indeed, verily ��566 gushes out, bursts forth ��I�8��567 rivers ��

(sr.: ��)568 splits asunder �¼ ¼ ³��N$"�>��569 falls down �¶ § Á��7O��570 fear of Allah �1$&��7H��>�:571 pl. do you then �¸ ¿ ¶��Q��2��

covet?, do you then have any hope?

572 desired, coveted �M��D573 that ��574 surely ��6575 a group, a party �N��2576 they change / alter ��72��577 they understood ��7&�"��578 they met ��7"��579 they said / spoke ��7� �6

(vn.: ��6)580 we believed, 34, 62, 74, 99, 104 �3��¦581 was in privacy, got privacy, 105 �&�:

(vn.: ��&�:)

582 pl. you tell / narrate ��7R��B583 that which ��9584 revealed, disclosed, opened �X��2585 to / unto / on you (pl.) �7A��&��586 they argue / controverse ��F�*��587 they hide / conceal ��F��

(secret: L�� ; secrets: ��)588 they proclaim ��3�&��

(vn.: �� &��)


589 pl. illiterate / unlettered ��F��(people)

590 except $��591 ambitions, desires F�� 592 if (if �� is followed by � $�� then

the meaning of �� will be "nothing")

1st Part 1/2 .�� Ä�³ æÐû

593 woe, destruction, ruin G,��594 they write �§ © ½��A��595 their hands ��

(sr.: ��)596 price, cost, value <3��R597 they earn / gain �§ ² ½��A��598. not, never ��599 will touch us �² ² ¿�� 3��B600 days <� ��

(sr.: � ��)601 a certain number $��602 im. say �,76603 covenant, promise ��604 will do against, will act �P�&�@��

contrary

605 or � ��606 yes!, why not! �&�9607 who ��608 earned, gained �§ ² ½��0��=609 evil, wrong GH�Y��

(pl.: � �Y��)

610 fg. surrounded, �%�D ��encompassed (vn.: GH�D ��)

611 error, mistake GH�Y��Q�:(pl.: �� Y��Q�:)

Ruku' 9 v: 11 9 �ï°

612 parents ��613 relatives, kindred [��7"��614 orphans, 1059 ��

(sr.: ��)615 pl. poor, needy, miserable ��= ��616 im. pl. say, speak ��7��76617 polite manner, fair <3��618 im. pl. establish ��6��619 im. pl. give ��B¦620 religious tax to purify the ��=��

assets


19 Arabic Grammar

19

1. Subject and Predicate ��Â�¦�»��Â��¦�¾�¬�¦�÷Allah is creator.

Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet.

Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles)

The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are called ¦�¾�¬�¦�÷ and Â�¦�»in Arabic. To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen ( �Æ ) on each of these

words (in case they are singular masculine). Tanveen ( �Æ ) is also known as double pesh or

double dhammah.

Allah is creator. �êó¢�»�É�È¦Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet. ��¦�û��¾�ø� �÷Tariq is a Mujahid. ��¾ÿ¢´�÷��Æ¼Ê°¢�×

************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 ************************

creator �êó¢�»prophet ��¦�ûone who ¾ÿ¢� �÷struggles

house �ª��¥

big �Z�¦�ïmg. slave �¾�¦�ßpious �¶ó¢�Ïtruthful Æ¼Ê®¢�Ï

religion �ú�Ê®one �¾·¦ÈÂscholar �öó¢�ß

======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 1 =======================

Using the words and their meanings given above, translate the following sentences into English.

The translation is also provided to help you check your answers.

The house is big. �Z�¦�ï��ª��¦�óÈ¦The slave is pious. �¶ó¢�Ï��¾�¦�à�ó¦The Muslim is truthful. Æ¼Ê®¢�Ï��öô�È�ø�óÈ¦

Islam is a religion. �ú�Ê®�É¿¢�ô�Ç¢�óÈ¦Allah is one. ��¾·¦ÈÂ�É�È¦Javeed is a scholar �öó¢�ß��¾�ÊÂ¢�³

20 Arabic Grammar

20

2. Masculine and Feminine Genders ®�û��÷��ÈÂ��ÂMï�À�÷You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., �ò�ø�³ for a boy and �¨�ô�ø�³ for a girl. There

lies the rule. Just put ¨ at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make it feminine (singular).

For example,

� � ��ïÈ � ��ïÈ � � ó¢�Ï ��¶ó¢�Ï Æ�¾Ë¦È°� ��¾Ë¦È°�� ü÷��÷� ��ú÷��÷ Æ�¾�¥¢�ß� ��¾�¥¢�ß ¨�¾ó¢�»� ��¾ó¢�»

Notes:1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. There is no common

gender in Arabic.

2. A common sign of a feminine word is ¨ (in general) as the last letter of the word.

3. To make a specific reference, we put Ì¾È¦� in front of a common noun in Arabic just as we put

"the" in front of a common noun in English. When Ì¾È¦� is attached to an Arabic word, we

remove one of É (dhamma or pesh) from the two Æ (Tanveen or double pesh). For

example,

� É¾��Ç�ÂóÈ¦�� Æ¾��ÇÈ° ��ÉÀ�¢È�û¢�óÈ¦�� ÆÀ¢�È�ûÊ¦� ��¾�ø� �óÈ¦� ��¾�ø�·4. Occasionally, the prefix Ì¾È¦ is used to imply generality also. For e.g., �À¢�È�û¢�óÈ¦ (the human

being).

5. If the ¦�¾º�¬�¦�÷ (subject) is feminine, then its �Â�¦º�» (predicate) will also be feminine.

For example, ��¶ó¢�Ï�É§�¢�óÈ¦ �� ó¢�Ï�N¿�¢�óÈ¦Additional rules for making feminine gender of dual and plural nouns are given in the following

lesson.

21 Arabic Grammar

21

************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 2 ************************

mg. small �Zä�Ïfg. small Æ�Zä�Ïmg. big �Z�¦�ïfg. big Æ�Z�¦�ïmg. intelligent ��ïÈuncle (father's brother) �ö�ßaunt (father's sister) � �ø�ß

uncle (mother's brother) Æ¾¢�»aunt (mother's sister) � �ó¢�»mg. truthful Æ¼Ê®¢�Ïbrother ÆÈ¦mg. worshipper �¾�¥¢�ßfg. worshipper Æ�¾�¥¢�ß

mg. beautiful �ò�ø�³fg. beautiful � �ô�ø�³son �ú�¥Ê¦daughter �ª�ü�¥father Æ§È¦mother K¿É¦sister �ª�»É¦


Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and translate them into

English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers.

The son is beautiful. �ò�ø�³��ú�¥¢�óÈ¦The daughter is beautiful.� �ô�ø�³��ª�ü�¦�óÈ¦The father is pious. �¶ó¢�Ï�É§�¢�óÈ¦The mother is pious. � � ó¢�Ï�N¿�¢�óÈ¦The uncle is big. �Z�¦�ï��ö�à�óÈ¦The aunt is big. Æ�Z�¦�ï�� ø�à�óÈ¦

The brother is intelligent. ��ï¯�É�¢�óÈ¦The sister is intelligent. � ��ïÈ ��ª�»�¢�óÈ¦The uncle is truthful. Æ¼Ê®¢�Ï�É¾¢�¼�óÈ¦The aunt is truthful. � �ëÊ®¢�Ï�� ó¢�¼�óÈ¦The son is small. �Zä�Ï��ú�¥��óÈ¦The daughter is small. Æ�Zä�Ï��ª�ü�¦�óÈ¦

22 Arabic Grammar

22

3. Numbers: Singular, Dual and Plural Þø�³��¨��ü�°�«��¾·¦ÈÂThere are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural forms of a word. (Yes,

dual is a separate and distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plurals in Arabic.

Solid Plural (�öó¢º�Ç�Þf� ) and Broken Plural ( ZÊÈ�ð�«�Þf ). The plural form depends upon the

context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only):

'Aaraab forms ↓ Plural Dual Singular Gender�¸��ç�Â�÷ with Dhamma ( É- ); � ÈÀ��øô�È�÷ ÊÀ¢�øô�È�÷ �öô�È�÷ mg.

when used as subject Ç©¢�øô�È�÷ ÊÀ¢�¬�øô�È�÷ ��øô�È�÷ fg.

§��Ð�ü�÷ with Fatha (�È- ); � �[øô�È�÷ �ú��øô�È�÷ �öô�È�÷ mg.

when used as object Ç©¢�øô�È�÷ �ú��¬�øô�È�÷ � �øô�È�÷ fg.

°ÌÂ�Â� �÷ with Kasra ( Ê- ); �[øô�È�÷ �ú��øô�È�÷ �öô�È�÷ mg.

when the noun is

used with prepositionÇ©¢�øô�È�÷ �ú��¬�øô�È�÷ �øô�È�÷ fg.

******************* Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 3 *******************

Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above table for the

following words (both for masculine and feminine case):

hypocrite �êç¢�ü�÷ believer �ú÷��÷ disbeliever �Âç¢�ïpatient �Â�¥¢�Ï helper �ÂÏ¢�û worshipper �¾�¥¢�ßscholar �öó¢�ß one who struggles �¾ÿ¢� �÷ one who

remembers�Âï¦È

pious �¶ó¢�Ï killer �ò«¢�ë truthful Æ¼Ê®¢�Ïprotector �Úç¢�· one who prostrates �¾�³¢�Ç prophet ��¦�û

23 Arabic Grammar

23

4. Adjective and its Noun��»��Ï��÷��Â��¨�èÏLook at the following phrases and their translations:

a true Muslim Æ¼Ê®¢�Ï��öô�È�÷ a pious person �¶ó¢�Ï��ò�³È°a small book �Zä�Ï�Æ§¢�¬ï a trustworthy uncle �[÷È¦�Æ¾¢�»a big mosque �Z�¦�ï��¾� �È�÷ a beautiful house �ò�ø�³��ª��¥

These phrases are said to be composed of ¨ºº�èÏ (adjective) and »��Ï��÷ (the noun of the

adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the words (Muslim öô�È�÷ and

then true ¼Ê®¢ºº�Ï) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them. The tanveen could be Å or Ç or Ædepending upon the context in which this phrase is used.

The rules are similar to those of �Â�¦�»��¦�¾�¬�¦�÷ (subject and predicate) except that in case of ¨�èÏ»��Ï��÷�Â :

1: The order of the words is reversed; and

2: If the first word is attached with Ì¾È¦ , then the second will also have Ì¾È¦ attached to it.

For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have:

the true Muslim É¼Ê®¢�Ð�ó¦��öô�È�ø�óÈ¦ the pious person �¶ó¢�Ð�ó¦��ò�³�Â�óÈ¦the small book �Zä�Ð�ó¦�É§¢�¬ð�óÈ¦ the trustworthy uncle �[÷�¢�ó¦�É¾¢�¼�óÈ¦the big mosque �Z�¦�ð�ó¦��¾� �È�ø�óÈ¦ the beautiful house �ò�ø� �ó¦��ª��¦�óÈ¦

And remember, as in case of �Â�¦�»��¦�¾�¬�¦�÷ (subject and predicate), if the first word is feminine,

the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plural, the second should

also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender and number with

respect to each other. For example:

the true Muslim

manÉ¼Ê®¢�Ð�ó¦��öô�È�ø�óÈ¦ the true Muslim

woman� �ëÊ®¢�Ð�ó¦�� øô�È�ø�óÈ¦

the true

Muslim menÈÀ��ëÊ®¢�Ð�ó¦�ÈÀ��øô�È�ø�óÈ¦ the true

Muslim

women

É©¢�ëÊ®¢�Ð�ó¦�É©¢�øô�È�ø�óÈ¦

24 Arabic Grammar

24

==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ====================

Try to translate the following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in Arabic construction

for a simple sentence ( Â�¦�»�ÈÂ�¦�¾�¬�¦�÷ ) and for adjective and its

noun ( »��Ï��÷�ÈÂ�¨�èÏ ).

The house is big. �Z�¦�ï��ª��¦�óÈ¦ the big house �Z�¦�ð�ó¦��ª��¦�óÈ¦The slave is

pious.�¶ó¢�Ï��¾�¦�à�óÈ¦ the pious slave �¶ó¢�Ðó¦��¾�¦�à�óÈ¦

The Muslim is

truthful.Æ¼Ê®¢�Ï��öô�È�ø�óÈ¦ the truthful

MuslimÉ¼Ê®¢�Ðó¦��öô�È�ø�óÈ¦

The path is

straight.�ö�ì�¬�È�÷�É¶¦�Â�ÐóÈ¦ the straight path �ö�ì�¬�È�ø�ó¦�É¶¦�Â�ÐóÈ¦

The uncle is

pious.�¶ó¢�Ï��ö�à�óÈ¦ the pious uncle �¶ó¢�Ðó¦��ö�àóÈ¦

The aunt is pious. � � ó¢�Ï�� ó¢�¼�óÈ¦ the pious aunt � � ó¢�Ðó¦�� ó¢�¼�óÈ¦5. The Possessive Case or Genitive �þ��ó¤�»¢�Ô�÷��Â�»¢�Ô�÷Look at the following phrases and their translations:

the creation of Allah Ê�¦��ê�ô�» the house of Allah Ê�¦��ª��¥the nation of Hud Ç®��ÿ�É¿��ë the call of the prophet Ê¾��Ç�Âó¦�É ��ßÈ®the command of the

Qur'anÊÀ¡Â�ì�ó¦��ö�ð�· the creation of Allah Ê�¦��ê�ô�»

Notes:

1. To convey the meanings of "of," we place Dhammah or pesh ( É- ) on the first word and

double kasra ( Ç- ) on the second word.

2. As usual, if the second word has ¾È¢ attached with it, then instead of double kasra

( Ç- ), we will have single kasra ( Ê- ) on the second word.

3. The first noun ��êº�ô�» �in the sentence Ê�¦��ê�ô�» is called »¢Ô÷. The second noun Ê�¦ iscalled �þ�ó¤�»¢Ô÷ , which should always be a proper noun.

25 Arabic Grammar

25

4. In Arabic the construction of »¢Ô÷ and �þ�ó¤�»¢Ô÷ automatically takes care of the " 's "

or "of" (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the above examples.

5. The construction of »¢ººÔ÷ and �þ�ó¤�»¢Ô÷ automatically implies specific person or

thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation of this phrase.

*********************** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 5 ***********************

grance �ò�Ô�çrebellion ÆÀ¢��ä�×the people É²¢�üóÈ¦house Æ°¦È®hereafter Æ�Â»¡food Æ¿¢�à�×sinner �ö�È¦

day Æ¿��judgement �ú�Ê®to establish � �÷¢�ëÊ¤the prayer É ¢�ô�ÐóÈ¦to obey � �ß¢�×Ê¤parents �ú��¾ó¦ÊÂearth ÆµÌ°È¦

words Æ¿¢�ô�ïway, system � �ü�Çmessenger Æ¾��ÇÈ°doubt �¤��È°human being ÆÀ¢�È�ûÊ¦remembrance �Â�ïÊthe most úø�·È°beneficent


Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your

answers.

the establishment of

prayerÊ ¢�ô�Ðó¦�� ÷¢�ëÊ¤ the words of Allah Ê�¦�É¿¢�ô�ï

the obedience to

parents�ú��¾ó¦��ó¦�� ß¢�×Ê¤ the book of Allah Ê�¦�É§�¢¬ï

the earth of Allah Ê�¦�ÉµÌ°È¢ the way of the

messengerÊ¾��Ç�Âó¦�� ü�Ç

the rebellion of the

peopleÊ²¢�üó¦�ÉÀ¢��ä�× the doubt of the

human beingÊÀ¢�È�û��ó¦��¤��È°

the house of the

hereafterÊ �Â»��ó¦�É°¦È® the remembrance of

the most Beneficent.úø�·�Âó¦��Â�ïÊ

the food of the

sinner�ö��ó¦�É¿¢�à�× the grace of Allah Ê�¦��ò�Ô�ç

the house of Hamid ¾÷¢�·��ª��¥ the day of judgement �ú��¾ó¦�É¿��

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