Q2 Vocabulary Updated

Primary Source

•Noun

•Firsthand accounts created by people who took part in or witnessed events

•The interview I conducted was listed in my research as a primary source.

Secondary Source•Noun

•Records of events created by people who were not directly involved in or present at those events.

•The book I read on parents was supported by research and listed many secondary sources like medical journals, and books written previously.

Transition•Noun

•A passage in a piece of writing that smoothly connects two topics or sections to each other.

•When revising my essay, I added transitionwords and phrases like “then,” and “next” to logically lead my audience through my research.

Paraphrasing•Verb

•Restating the author’s original thought and meaning in your own words. A paraphrase is close in length to the original.

•The reporter was not quoting directly but paraphrasing her interviewee’s comments.

Summarizing

•Verb

•Condensing or shortening a passage or thought into a much smaller package.

•My mom asked me to summarize the movie plot for her because she didn’t have time to go see it herself.

Plagiarism

•Noun

•Anytime you do not give credit to the source you read, or quoted.

•I copy and pasted large pieces of my Romeo and Juliet essay from the internet and turned it in as my own work. My teacher failed me because I plagiarized.

Tone

•Noun

•The author or speaker’s attitude toward their subject.

•Poe is widely known for the macabre, or gruesome, tone of his short stories and poetry.

Mood

•Noun

•The atmosphere of a written work

•The mood of the newest Halloween movie was suspenseful and scary.

Theme

•Noun

•The underlying message or central idea that the writer wants you to remember.

•In The Outsiders, Ponyboy helps the reader understand the theme that violence is never the answer.

Cantankerous

•Adjective

•Disagreeable to deal with

•Synonyms: cranky, grouchy, grumpy

•Antonyms: cheerful, happy, pleasant

•By nature, bulls are cantankerous animals that prefer to be left alone.

Castigate

•Verb

•To criticize or reprimand severely

•Synonyms: berate, criticize, penalize

•Antonyms: approve, compliment, flatter

•When the police chief discovers his officers let the criminal escape, he is sure to castigate them.

Chagrin•Noun

•A feeling of being frustrated or annoyed because of failure or disappointment

•Synonyms: dismay, embarrassment, displeasure

•Antonyms: satisfaction

•To her chagrin, Jill placed second in the beauty pageant.

Churlish•Adjective

•Rude, impolite

•Synonyms: crude, uncivilized, rude

•Antonyms: happy, nice, sophisticated

•Maria is a very efficient nurse, but her patients find her bedside manner to be churlish and unpleasant.

Circumvent•Verb

•To go around or bypass

•Synonyms: avoid, prevent, evade

•Antonyms: aid, assist, encourage

•If we do not find a way to circumvent this problem, we will not be able to finish the project.

Consternation •Noun

•A sudden, alarming amazement or dread that results in utter confusion; dismay

•Synonyms: alarm, anxiety, dread

•Antonyms: assurance, confidence, contentment

•Opening my unexpected $400 electric bill has me brimming with consternation, especially since I have no way of paying it.

Copious•Adjective

•Large in quantity or number

•Synonyms: abundant, plenty, ample

•Antonyms: lacking, meager, needy

•It takes a copious amount of food to suppress my hungry appetite.

Culpable•Adjective

•Guilty; deserving blame

•Synonyms: guilty, liable, impeachable

•Antonyms: innocent, not guilty, blameless

•The judge found the man culpable of the crime and sentenced him to life in prison.

Debunk•Verb

•To reveal the inaccuracies associated with a belief

•Synonyms: disprove, expose, uncloak

•Antonyms: prove

•The scientist hoped to debunk the genetic theory by completing his own research.

Demonstrative•Adjective

•Open exhibition or expression of one’s emotions, attitudes, etc., especially of love or affection

•Synonyms: expressive, affectionate, tender

•Antonyms: vague, cool, cold (with emotions)

•As a kid, I did not appreciate demonstrativekisses from my elderly relatives.

Demystify

•Verb

•To rid of mystery or obscurity; clarify

•Synonyms: debunk, disprove

•Antonyms: prove

•Both science and wisdom serve to demystify the mysterious.

Despondent

•Adjective

•Feeling or showing profound hopelessness, dejection, discouragement, or gloom

•Synonyms: depressed, morose, disheartened

•Antonyms: encouraged, joyful, elated

•My son was quite despondent when his girlfriend dumped him.

Digress

•Verb

•To deviate or wander away from the main topic or purpose in speaking or writing

•Synonyms: stray, deviate

•Antonyms: direct

•You digress to avoid talking about this real problem!

Disparage•Verb

•To express a negative opinion, belittle

•Synonyms: criticize, degrade

•Antonyms: commend, compliment

•Voters don’t like political advertisements in which opponents disparage one another.

Disquiet•Noun

•Lack of calm, peace, or ease

•Synonyms: worry, anxiety

•Antonyms: calm, peace

•It is a tense novel by Stephen King that will disquiet the reader.

Eclectic•Adjective

•Made up of what is selected from different sources

•Synonyms:

•Antonyms:

•The restaurant’s menu was eclectic and included foods from several ethnic groups and cultures.

Elicit•Verb

•To draw or bring out of forth

•Synonyms: bring out, evoke, extract

•Antonyms: hide, keep, repress

•The comedian hoped his jokes would elicit a great deal of laughter from the audience.

Encumbrance • Noun

• Something burdensome, useless, or superfluous

• Synonyms: burden, hindrance

• Antonyms: benefit, advantage

• Although she had expected her little brother to be an encumbrance when her friends came over, she was pleased to see that they all enjoyed playing with him.

Equanimity•Noun

•To stay calm, especially under stress; to maintain composure

•Synonyms: tranquility, serenity, levelheadedness

•Antonyms: agitation, anxiety

•When you are being screamed at for no reason, it is difficult to keep your equanimity.

Faction•Noun

•A group or clique within a larger group, party, government, organization, or the like

•Synonyms: sect, group, clan

•Antonyms: individual, whole

•The United States Civil War began when several southern states decided to become a faction and form their own nation.

Fastidious•Adjective

•Excessively particular, critical, or demanding; hard to please

•Synonyms: fussy, finicky, choosy

•Antonyms: undemanding, uncritical, unfussy

•My mother is a fastidious woman who always has a complaint on her lips.

Furtive

•Adjective

•Marked by quiet, caution, and secrecy

•Synonyms: sneaky, secretive

•Antonyms: honest, truthful, forthright

•Chrissy snuck outside in a furtive manner so that her parents would not catch her.

Futile•Adjective

• Incapable of producing any result; ineffective; useless; not successful

•Synonyms: hopeless, pointless

•Antonyms: effective, fruitful

•Although the dog chewed and chewed on his leash, his efforts to break free were futile.

Grandiose•Adjective

•Appearing to be impressive but not really possible or practical

•Synonyms: extravagant, grand, flamboyant

•Antonyms: humble, moderate, modest

•At one tie, everyone thought the concept of a portable phone was a grandiose idea that would never be executed.

Indulgent•Adjective

•A person who gives others permission freely

•Synonyms: lenient, giving

•Antonyms: strict

•My indulgent parents give me everything I want.

Innocuous•Adjective

•Not harmful or injurious; harmless

•Synonyms: harmless, innocent, banal

•Antonyms: harmful, damaging

•Although Sarah meant her joke to be innocuous, the people around her took it to heart.

Insipid•Adjective

•Dull or boring

•Synonyms: bland, ho-hum, blah

•Antonyms: exciting, exhilarating

•When you present, please do not be an insipid speaker who makes everyone fall asleep!

Lackadaisical•Adjective

•Feeling or showing a lack of interest or enthusiasm

•Synonyms: careless, indifferent, lazy

•Antonyms: active, energetic, interested

•My son’s lackadaisical attitude about studying is causing him to do poorly in school.

Lucid

•Adjective

•Easy to understand or thinking clearly

•Synonyms: clear, evident, obvious

•Antonyms: confused, clouded

•After staying up for twenty hours, I was far from lucid.

Marred

•Verb

•Spoiled or damaged

•Synonyms: hurt, harm, damage

•Antonyms: aid, assist, build

•An unexpected hurricane marred our beach vacation.