Organ Tissue weighting factor wT

The position and the number of photodiode dosimeter

Gonads 0.20 Ovary, Testis

red bone marrow

0.12 Cervical vertebrae, Breastbone, Collarbone, Thoracic vertebrae, Scapula, Rib, Lumber vertebrae, Sacrum, Hip bone, Hip bone, Femur

Colon 0.12 Transverse colon, Rectum, Ascending colon,Descending colon, Sigmoid colon

Lung 0.12 , Stomach 0.12 Bladder 0.05 Breast 0.05 Liver 0.05 , Esophagus 0.05 , Thyroid 0.05 Skin 0.01 *) *)

Bone surface 0.01 Breastbone, Thoracic vertebrae, Scapula, Rib,Rib, Rib, Lumbar vertebrae, Sacrum, Hip bone, Hip bone, Femur

Remainder organ

0.05Adrenal gland, Kidney, Small intestine, Pancreas, Spleen, Thymus, Uterus

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

11

12

13

1415 16

17

11

19 20 21

22

23

24

25

27

3031

1

32

28

26

29

33 343 6

172120

19

1812 10 3

Weight fractionBone

Active bone marrow Mineralized tissueScapula 0.029 0.031 Collarbone 0.008 0.012 Sternum 0.030 0.005 Ribs 0.152 0.073 Cervical vertebrae 0.037 Thoracic vertebrae 0.153 0.056 Lumber vertebrae 0.117 0.035 Sacrum 0.094 0.020 Hip bone 0.195 0.008 Femur 0.074 0.186

ORGAN Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine.

Thyroid gland [mGy] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.24 0.00 0.54 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.05

Lung [mGy] 0.24 0.14 0.24 0.16 0.30 0.17 5.52 3.84 7.08 3.81 6.42 3.08 0.66 0.43 1.26 0.91

Breast [mGy] 0.12 0.07 0.12 0.05 0.18 0.11 0.36 0.20 0.48 0.07 0.42 0.13 0.18 0.00 0.36 0.21

Esophagus [mGy] 0.42 0.27 0.84 0.57 0.84 0.56 1.26 0.71 3.18 1.46 1.74 0.72 1.74 1.30 1.14 0.73

Stomach [mGy] 0.18 0.09 0.30 0.18 0.24 0.13 0.24 0.12 0.60 0.19 0.36 0.13 0.42 0.19 0.30 1.62

Liver [mGy] 0.18 0.09 0.30 0.14 0.24 0.11 1.98 1.21 10.08 5.23 0.84 0.33 0.84 0.48 0.48 0.26

kidney [mGy] 0.18 0.07 0.24 0.14 0.18 0.09 0.72 0.39 6.36 3.21 0.48 0.18 0.78 0.43 0.30 0.14

Colon [mGy] 0.12 0.02 0.12 0.05 0.12 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.54 0.20 0.12 0.05 0.12 0.04 0.12 0.05

Bladder [mGy] 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.02

Bone marrow [mGy] 0.48 0.34 0.18 0.14 0.96 0.72 1.08 0.79 0.66 0.27 1.14 0.50 0.24 0.14 2.28 1.80

Bone surface [mGy] 0.60 0.41 0.36 0.23 1.02 0.76 1.56 1.18 1.08 0.49 1.32 0.57 0.66 0.42 2.34 1.99

Gonad M [mGy] 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00

Gonad F [mGy] 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02

Other organ M [mGy] 0.12 0.05 0.60 0.59 0.12 0.07 0.30 0.16 2.10 0.99 0.36 0.10 0.36 0.19 0.18 0.09

Other organ F [mGy] 0.12 0.09 0.60 0.14 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.77 1.86 0.93 0.30 0.52 0.36 0.19 0.18 0.45

Skin [mGy] 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.50 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.16 0.12 0.87 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.17 0.06 0.07

Entrance skin [mGy] 7.86 8.42 14.10 20.44 14.40 14.02 31.50 30.07 52.16 39.07 54.42 36.28 20.46 24.44 22.74 27.77

DAP [Gy cm2] 64.00 80.09 111.00 196.58 103.00 115.20 236.00 267.83 419.00 332.46 388.00 295.67 161.00 240.96 164.00 244.79

Effective dose M [mSv] 0.18 0.02 0.24 0.06 0.30 0.03 1.08 0.06 1.92 0.10 1.20 0.08 0.36 0.09 0.60 0.09

Effective dose F [mSv] 0.18 0.09 0.18 0.46 0.30 0.11 1.02 0.29 1.86 1.09 1.20 0.15 0.36 0.19 0.60 0.12

A

LAO cra LAO cau PAcra PAcauRAO RAO cra RAO cau LAO

ORGAN Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine. Fluo. Cine.

Thyroid gland [mGy] 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.17 0.24 0.05 0.30 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.30 0.05

Lung [mGy] 0.30 0.12 0.36 0.13 0.36 0.16 5.58 3.32 6.30 4.92 5.10 3.48 0.84 0.38 1.26 0.55

Breast [mGy] 0.30 0.15 0.36 0.07 0.30 0.11 0.54 0.27 0.48 0.19 0.48 0.17 0.24 0.09 0.48 0.16

Esophagus [mGy] 0.54 0.23 1.08 0.42 0.78 0.32 1.14 0.59 2.46 1.78 1.32 0.79 2.04 1.08 1.14 0.46

Stomach [mGy] 0.24 0.09 0.42 0.16 0.30 0.11 0.30 0.17 0.48 0.19 0.30 0.09 0.42 0.18 0.42 0.14

Liver [mGy] 0.30 0.09 0.42 0.13 0.30 0.11 1.68 0.90 8.58 6.81 0.66 0.31 1.02 0.44 0.60 0.22

kidney [mGy] 0.24 0.06 0.36 0.11 0.24 0.08 0.72 0.37 4.74 3.55 0.42 0.17 0.90 0.38 0.36 0.14

Colon [mGy] 0.12 0.03 0.18 0.05 0.12 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.42 0.28 0.18 0.05 0.18 0.08 0.12 0.03

Bladder [mGy] 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.02

Bone marrow [mGy] 0.36 0.16 0.24 0.10 1.20 0.42 0.48 0.27 0.48 0.26 1.68 1.23 0.36 0.13 3.24 0.15

Bone surface [mGy] 0.54 0.23 0.48 0.17 1.38 0.50 1.02 0.53 0.78 0.49 1.74 1.33 0.78 0.34 3.30 1.59

Gonad M [mGy] 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.06 0.12 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.00

Gonad F [mGy] 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02

Other organ M [mGy] 0.18 0.06 0.42 0.17 0.18 0.08 0.30 0.15 1.56 0.98 0.24 0.13 0.42 0.16 0.24 0.08

Other organ F [mGy] 0.12 0.10 0.36 0.10 0.18 0.13 0.30 0.50 1.38 0.98 0.24 0.72 0.36 0.19 0.24 0.33

Skin [mGy] 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.12 0.06 0.86 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.16 0.06 0.08

Entrance skin [mGy] 15.72 6.93 23.16 11.14 27.06 12.70 34.38 22.94 51.74 63.49 51.66 51.33 24.90 15.42 27.54 17.19

DAP [Gy cm2] 102.80 48.09 149.00 78.71 147.90 74.20 172.40 129.46 226.70 270.36 211.30 236.71 154.30 107.02 150.90 102.27

Effective dose M [mSv] 0.24 0.01 0.30 0.02 0.36 0.02 1.02 0.04 1.62 0.12 1.08 0.07 0.42 0.04 0.78 0.04

Effective dose F [mSv] 0.18 0.09 0.30 0.17 0.36 0.11 0.96 0.25 1.62 1.11 1.02 0.18 0.42 0.19 0.78 0.10

B

RAO RAO cra RAO cau LAO LAO cra LAO cau PAcra PAcau

ORGAN Fluo. Cine. Total Fluo. Cine. Total Fluo. Cine. Total Fluo. Cine. Total Fluo. Cine. Total Fluo. Cine. Total

Thy roid gland [mGy] 0.06 0.45 0.51 0.52 0.79 1.31 0.03 2.25 2.28 1.74 3.11 4.85 0.03 0.09 0.12 1.74 0.59 2.33

Lung [mGy] 29.79 17.65 47.44 29.62 16.70 46.32 149.50 72.35 221.85 150.85 63.69 214.54 22.78 7.88 30.66 25.57 7.77 33.34

Breast [mGy] 2.44 1.19 3.63 3.53 1.76 5.29 10.03 3.76 13.79 14.98 5.15 20.13 4.27 1.11 5.38 10.66 1.67 12.33

Esophagus [mGy] 8.07 7.40 15.47 7.35 6.37 13.72 34.85 14.70 49.55 31.56 12.48 44.04 24.77 12.31 37.09 30.12 9.42 39.54

Stomach [mGy] 1.74 2.89 4.63 2.07 1.47 3.54 6.75 2.61 9.36 8.38 3.36 11.74 8.19 3.65 11.84 11.26 3.19 14.45

Liver [mGy] 12.06 10.14 22.20 10.09 10.69 20.77 54.41 25.37 79.78 46.08 20.77 66.85 14.09 6.64 20.73 15.84 7.39 23.23

kidney [mGy] 4.89 5.36 10.25 4.64 5.52 10.16 20.07 9.34 29.41 19.93 9.02 28.95 8.55 4.83 13.39 11.29 4.57 15.86

Colon [mGy] 0.89 0.60 1.49 0.89 0.73 1.63 3.39 1.23 4.62 3.39 1.30 4.69 3.39 1.04 4.43 4.83 1.20 6.03

Bladder [mGy] 0.42 0.26 0.68 0.49 0.29 0.78 1.68 0.62 2.30 1.72 0.56 2.28 1.68 0.48 2.16 1.72 0.57 2.29

Bone marrow [mGy] 6.80 6.22 13.02 3.45 2.24 5.69 29.80 15.30 45.11 13.49 5.44 18.93 8.20 3.83 12.03 7.73 2.49 10.22

Bone surface [mGy] 9.83 8.37 18.21 6.62 5.23 11.85 43.06 22.52 65.57 28.26 10.56 38.82 14.26 5.94 20.20 15.30 4.22 19.53

Gonad M [mGy] 0.43 0.26 0.68 0.44 0.34 0.78 1.68 0.02 1.70 1.69 0.04 1.73 1.68 0.02 1.70 3.13 0.04 3.17

Gonad F [mGy] 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.09 0.10 0.00 0.62 0.62 0.01 0.58 0.59 0.00 0.48 0.48 0.01 0.59 0.60

Other organ M [mGy] 2.14 2.52 4.65 2.08 2.08 4.16 8.42 3.91 12.33 8.39 3.60 11.99 15.62 11.54 27.16 11.27 3.81 15.08

Other organ F [mGy] 1.74 2.26 4.00 1.96 1.81 3.78 6.76 6.32 13.07 8.32 5.39 13.71 15.40 9.26 24.65 9.76 3.98 13.74

Skin [mGy] 0.41 0.60 1.01 0.34 0.62 0.95 1.67 3.78 5.45 1.63 2.93 4.57 1.67 9.81 11.48 1.63 3.27 4.90

Entrance skin [mGy] 182 237 419 202 206 408 860 597 1457 941 476 1417 442 428 870 671 269 940

DAP Gy cm 2] 14.13 21.28 35.41 10.74 11.34 22.08 57.67 53.16 110.83 42.53 26.45 68.98 27.68 40.67 68.35 36.91 17.56 54.47

Effective dose M [mSv] 6.27 4.51 10.78 5.85 3.59 9.44 29.50 14.73 44.23 27.83 9.97 37.79 9.34 3.73 13.08 10.55 2.86 13.41

Effective dose F [mSv] 5.89 4.44 10.33 5.53 3.50 9.03 27.85 14.76 42.61 26.20 10.51 36.71 7.69 3.76 11.45 10.36 2.88 13.24

PCI L A PCI L BCAG A CAG B PCI R A PCI R B

PCI-R PCI-LA B A B

Fluoroscopy time meanCine angiography series mean

[Gy] 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.8

Fluoroscopy time maximumCine angiography series mean

[Gy] 2.8 2.9 1.4 1.9

Fluoroscopy time maximumCine angiography series maximum

[Gy] 3.5 3.4 1.8 2.1

This study M. G. Delichas 9) V. Stisova 10)

CAG DAP [Gy cm2] 22.1 - 35.4 79.1 - 81.8 25 - 54.5Effective dose [mSv ] 9.0 - 10.8 17.9 - 22.7 2.7 - 8.8 Conversion coefficient [mSv/(Gy cm2)] 0.32 - 0.43 0.26 0.11 - 0.17

PCI DAP [Gy cm2] 54.5 - 110.8 63.1 - 105.9 43 - 104.5Effective dose [mSv] 11.5 - 44.2 14.7 - 30.5 5.7 - 15.3 Conversion coefficient [mSv/(Gy cm2)] 0.17 - 0.52 0.27 0.13 - 0.15

1 15 152 P. Presbitero, G. Boccuzzi , P. Pagnotta Drug eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction.

Panminerva Med., 47(2), 93-97, 2005 .3 I. Sheiban , C. Moretti, E. Oliaro, B. Catuzzo, P. Destefanis, L. Carrieri, F. Sciuto, W. Grosso

Marra, P. L.Omede, A. Gagnor, A. Truffa, G.P. Trevi Evolving standard in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Drug-eluting stents, Minerva Cardioangiol. , 51(5), 485-92, (2003).

4 IVR , , 57 12 , 14441450, 2001 .

5 Food and Drug Administration. Public Health Advisory Avoidance of serious x-ray-induced skin injuries to patients during fluoroscopically-guided procedureshttp://www.fda.gov/cdrh/fluor.html (1994), http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/rsnaii.html (1995).

6 International Commission on Radiological Protection, Avoidance of Radiation Injuries from Medical Interventional Procedures. ICRP Publication No.85, Ann. ICRP, 30 (2), (2001).

7 IVR . , 555 ,367-378, (1999).

8 E. Vano, L. Gonzalez, J.I. Ten, J.M. Fernandez , E. Guibelalde, C. Macaya. Skin dose and dose-area product values for interventional cardiology procedures, Br. J. Radiol., 74, 48-55, (2001).

9 M.G. Delichas, K. Psarrakos, E. Molyvda-Athanassopoulou, G. Giannoglou, K. Hatziioannou , E. Papanastassiou. Radiation doses to patients undergoing coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, Radiat. Prot. Dosim. Vol. 103, No. 2, pp. 149–154 (2003)

10 V. Stisova Effective dose to patient during cardiac interventional procedures prague workplaces Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol.111 No.3,271-274, 2004

11 D. Bor, T. Sancak, T. Olgar, Y. Elcim, A. Adanali, U. Sanlidilek, S. Akyar. Comparison of effective doses obtained from dose-area product and air kerma measurements in interventional radiology, Br. J. Radiol., 77, 315-322, (2004).

12 IVR, , 59 3 369 381 2003 .

13 International Commission on Radiological Protection ;1990 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication No.60, Ann. ICRP, 21 (1-3), (1991).

14 T. Aoyama, S. Koyama and C. Kawaura; Organ dose measurement in x – ray CT and other diagnostic radiology by using novel photodiode dosimeters installed in an anthropomorphic phantom, Proc. of 11th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association, 3h9 ( 2004 ) .

15 X, 40(4), 341-353, (2006).

16 T. Aoyama, S. Koyama and C. Kawaura; An in - phantom dosimetry system using pin silicon photodiode radiation sensors for measuring organ doses in x-ray CT and other diagnostic radiology, Med.Phys., 29, 1504 - 1510 (2002).

17 International Commission on Radiological Protection; Age - dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides. A report of a Task Group of Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication No. 67, Ann. ICRP, 23 (3-4), (1994).

18 International Commission on Radiological Protection; Reference man ; anatomical, physiological and metabolic characteristics. A report of a Task Group of Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication No. 23, Ann. ICRP, 25(2), (1975).

19 International Commission on Radiological Protection; Basic anatomical & physiological data for use in radiological protection; The Skeleton. A report of a Task Group of Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication No. 70, Ann. ICRP, 25 (2), (1975).

20) International Commission on Radiological Protection, Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication No.26, Ann. ICRP, (1977).

21) F. H. Attix, Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry (Wiley, New York, p. 259, (1986).

22 J . H . Hubbelland S. M. Seltzer ; Table sof X - Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients 1keV to 20 MeV for Elements Z = 1 to 92 and 48 additional Substance of Dosimetric Interest , NISTIR 5632 , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , MD ( 1995 ) .

23 13 19-21 198824) , , No.8 13 21,

(1996).25 Medical electrical equipment – particular requirements for the safety of X-ray equipment for

interventional procedures. IEC60601-2-43, 2000 .26 2 50-51 (1993).27 K. Hobert GE digital detector . , 55 8 744 751 1999 .28

. , 59 1 29 43 1999 .29

. , 59 11 , 1438 1443, 2003 .30

, , No.16 18 21 2004 .