Purpose of This Lecture

• Review What We’ve Learned in this Unit So Far, and then…

• …Explain Where the Unit is Headed

• Machine farming decline in demand for farm workers

• Machine production (factories) rise in demand for factory workers

• Factories were built in cities close to workers and consumers and transportation systems, which brought raw materials and transported finished products

(continued)• ‘Market Revolution’ American government attempted

to support industrialization – private ownership – gov’t stayed out of economy (aka ‘free enterprise’)

• Rise of banks provided loans to aspiring industrialists – Unregulated sometimes led to instability

• Rise of Monopolies– Robber Barons – Attempts at Anti-Trust Legislation (largely ineffective) – Rise of Unions

• (continued)

• Jobs in cities led to migration (from farms to cities- aka ‘urbanization’) and immigration (from foreign countries to American cities).

• Both Push & Pull Factors increased immigration

• Push- Escaping failing European economies, political & religious

persecution, natural disasters, wars

• Pull- job opportunities, religious & political freedom, safety

• (continued)

• Urbanization Growth of cities caused by immigration and migration– In particular, freed slaves migrate to northern cities

looking for work

• Cities grew too quickly

• Overcrowded with a lack of services and little government aid led to horrible living & working conditions

Industrialization, Immigration, & Urbanization…

1.Resistance to Immigration- nativism (anti-immigrant sentiments)

= led to immigration restrictions like the Chinese Exclusion Act

- Americanization Movement (attempt to force American culture on immigrants)- Led to daily discrimination against immigrants (ex:

Italian Catholics)

2.Reform Movement

-Attempts to deal with the problems of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration

-this is the last piece of our unit