pumpkin production issues and trials, 2017 -...
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Pumpkin Production Issues and Trials, 2017 - 2018
R. Allen Straw
Crop Consultant / Grower
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Weather
One of the, if not thee wettest year on record.– 24 inches of rain in 3 weeks. – Close to 30 inches in the first hurricane in
Eastern North Carolina.– Disease Issues– Quality Issues
Hot / Intense Sun
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Fusarium Fruit Rot
Worst when extremely wet conditions follow heat and or drought stress
Reduce Stress Calcium Fertilization Fungicides (?)
– Preventively
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Sunburn
Intense sunshine– Often on sales lot– This year in field
after windrowing– Varietal differences
Orange Sunrise Specter
– Late season chlorothalonil applications
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Sunburn and Secondary Disease
A sunburned fruit a few days after harvest.
Secondary disease infection beginning.
Likely Fusarium
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Slugs
Several Calls– Losing stand
Birds ? Herbicides ?
– SLUGS! When examining at
night as many as 7 slugs per leaf
– Damage during harvest
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Slug Damage on Fruit
In dry years, the damage looks like this.
In wet years, the damage rots.
Very hard to control. Baits are not
labeled.
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Severe Slug Damage
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Squash Vine Borer - Larvae
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Squash Vine Borer - Adult
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Squash Vine Borer
Usually not an issue in “commercial” production.
Delayed sprays– Neonic seed
treatments– 4 to 5 weeks before
first sprays
Generally use pyrethroid insecticides for vine borers.– Very effective– But kill Beneficial's– Flare aphids
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Aphids
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Lady Bugs
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Insecticide Sprays / Aphids
Control– Scout, don’t spray
unless necessary– Minimize pyrethroid
applications– Use aphid materials
late season Beleaf Exirel Fulfill Harvanta Sivanto
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Late Season Worm Control
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Late Season Worm Control
A late season spray or2 may be necessary.
BtCoragenExirelHarvantaRadiant
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pH and Nutrient Availability
Proper pH Range– 6.0 – 6.5
Optimum nutrient availability
Soil Sample in the Fall Lime in the Fall
– Agricultural lime is variable in size and reacts over time 6 months is generally
required to see much activity
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pH
Range of 6.0 – 6.56.2
Optimum nutrient availabilityLess than 5.5
Magnesium deficiency Molybdenum deficiency Manganese toxicity
Greater than 6.8 Nutrients become unavailable
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Magnesium Deficiency
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Manganese Toxicity
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Pumpkin Spacing
Traditionally– 6 – 8’ between rows– 4’ in-row– 24 – 32 ft2
Grower Practices– 3 – 4’ between rows– 3’ – 5’ in-row– 12 – 20 ft2
Plant TypeBush
12 – 18 ft2
Semi-Bush18 – 32 ft2
Prolific Vining32+ ft2
Extremes– 12 ft2– 100 ft2
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Spacings for Specific Pumpkin Varieties
Wholesale Jack-O-Lantern ‘Aladdin’
12 – 24 ft2 ‘Gladiator’
15 – 30 ft2 ‘Magician’
12 – 24 ft2
10 – 12 ft2
School tours ‘Magic Lantern’
12 – 32 ft2
‘Cronus’48 – 60 ft2
Large Fruited18 – 36 ft2
‘Big Doris’ ‘Captain Jack’ ‘Early Giant’
Small Fruited (“Pies”)– 12 – 18 ft2
‘Hybrid Pam’ ‘Mystic Plus’ ‘Pik-A-Pie’
12 – 18 ft2 ‘Iron Man’ ‘Cannon Ball'
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Spacing Work on Varieties
Would like to do some more spacing work
Cronus– HMX 0685– Optimize Yield– Optimize Size
Magician– Tighten up spacings
to make “school tour” pumpkin. 8 to 12 square feet
Pie Pumpkins– Optimize Yield
8 to 12 square feet on restricted vine varieties
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Pollination
Rule of thumb:– 1 hive/A
Observations0 hives/A
Native beesCucumber beetles
2 hives/ACompetition
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No-Till Considerations
Preparation is KEY!– NT into sod is a
gamble– Ron Morse has
developed some very good guidelines
– Prepare for no-tillWork soil in the fallSow appropriate
cover crop
Control the cover at the appropriate time in the spring
– Too short – not enough cover
– Too tall – hard to control
Fertility– Concern: surface
application of urea– Nutrisphere (?)
Water (Irrigation)Allelopathic Effects
(?)
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Tillage
I like strip tillage. Left was old sod,
never tilled. Right had been tilled
for cauliflower the season before.
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Which Cover Crop?
Rye– Most growth– Best “mulch”– Grows very rapidly in
the spring– Use 1 bu/A– 2 bu/A often gets too
thick
Wheat– Less growth than rye– Not as much “mulch”– Doesn’t grow as fast– 1 to 2 bu/A
Vetch– Adds N– Harder to kill
Austrian Winter Peas
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Rodent Control
Rodents– Field mice have
been bad the last couple of years
– Worse in NT production
– Control• Admire• Furadan (?)• Whatever Means ?
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Fruit Size / Market
Traditionally– 40 count– 35 count– 30 count– 25 count– larger
Lot of Interest– 40 – 45 count– 50 count– 60 count– Even some 70
count
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Warty Gobblin
Not a “chain store” variety– Good variety– Local sales– Specialty– Large stores
don’t know how to handle
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Wildlife Control
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Deer Control
Fencing– Expensive
$500 to $2,000/AElectricSlant
RepellentsBiosolidsHairSoapHuman Scent
Get to familiar Lose activity over time Reapplication
Repellents (cont.)– Blood or Blood Meals
Expense Longevity Reapplication
Noise– Air Cannons
Lead Poisoning– Timing– Time to hunt
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Plant Skydd Findings, 2004
Treatments– 2.2 lb / 5 gallon
Broadcast– 2.2 lb / 10 gallons
Broadcast– 2.2 lb / 5 gallon
Perimeter– UTC
Crops– Pumpkins– Snap Beans– Strawberries
Results– Worked for 3 to 4 weeks,
then the deer would move back into the entire area regardless of treatment
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Plant Skydd Use
Begin applications prior to any feeding
Spray as a perimeter spray, especially where deer traffic is expected to be the heaviest
Apply at 1 cup / 3 gallons of spray solution
Repeat every 3 to 4 weeks
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Maximizer Results
5 Trials– Sparta, NC– Craig County, VA– Floyd County, VA– Hanover County, VA– Grayson County, VA
2018 Observations– A single application
produced a continued fruit set.
General Observations– Yield increases of 25
to 33% Field Trip generally
had 2 fruit per vine 1 out of every 5 to 10
plants had a 3rd fruit– Slightly Larger Fruit– Healthier Vines
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Post Harvest Handling
Store in a cool, dry, dark place– Cool: 45 – 55 degrees F– Relative Humidity: 70 – 75%– Single Layer