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Publish/Subscribe Internetworking & the H2020 POINT project George C. Polyzos Mobile Multimedia Laboratory Department of Informatics School of Information Sciences and Technology Athens University of Economics and Business Athens 113 62, Greece [email protected], http://mm.aueb.gr/ Tel.: +30 210 8203 650, Fax: +30 210 8203 325 AUEB/MMlab Collaborators Faculty: G. Xylomenos, V. Siris, G. Marias, St. Toumpis PostDocs: N. Fotiou, P. Frangoudis, C. Ververidis, K. Katsaros PhD students: C. Tsilopoulos, X. Vasilakos, C. Stais, I. Thomas

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Page 1: Publish/Subscribe Internetworkingodysseas.calit2.uci.edu/networkedsystems/slides/150220-ICN-UCI-v4… · Named Data Networking (NDN) CCN @ PARC NDN /2 NSF UCLA, … polyzos@aueb.gr

Publish/Subscribe Internetworking & the H2020 POINT project

George C. Polyzos

Mobile Multimedia Laboratory

Department of InformaticsSchool of Information Sciences and TechnologyAthens University of Economics and Business

Athens 113 62, Greece

[email protected], http://mm.aueb.gr/Tel.: +30 210 8203 650, Fax: +30 210 8203 325

AUEB/MMlab CollaboratorsFaculty: G. Xylomenos, V. Siris, G. Marias, St. Toumpis

PostDocs: N. Fotiou, P. Frangoudis, C. Ververidis, K. Katsaros

PhD students: C. Tsilopoulos, X. Vasilakos, C. Stais, I. Thomas

Page 2: Publish/Subscribe Internetworkingodysseas.calit2.uci.edu/networkedsystems/slides/150220-ICN-UCI-v4… · Named Data Networking (NDN) CCN @ PARC NDN /2 NSF UCLA, … polyzos@aueb.gr

Outline

� Information-Centric Networking (ICN)� Motivation, history, approaches

� Introduction, overview: PSI, CCN/NDN, Mobility First

� Pub-Sub Internetworking (PSI): unique features� fast stateless (multicast) forwarding / ‘source’ routing

� centralized routing & resource allocation, resemblance to SDN

� Case studies� Multimedia distribution

� Security and privacy

� (I-CAN: I-C Access Networks)

� (Mobility support)

� POINT: IP Over ICN - The Better IP?� Motivation & hypothesis

� Overview of approach

� Plans

� Discussion & Outlook

[email protected] 2

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� Connecting Wires� the past…

� Interconnecting Computers� the current Internet

� evolutionary development

� … started decades earlier

� Interconnecting Information� the Future Internet

� revolutionary research� 10-15 years in the future

� tussle resolution at or near run-time

� Trust-to-Trust principle

InternetHistory and Outlook

� At the beginning…

� cooperation; no competition…

� no commercial traffic!

� endpoint-centric services/E2E

� Now…

� Content distribution…

� >50% of traffic today is video↑

� Overlays… DPI by ISPs…

� Trust? Endpoint trust?

� viruses, phishing, DoS attacks…

� E2E?

� NAT, firewalls, middleboxes, CDNs

� The sender has the power…

� Tussles…

� e.g.: privacy vs. accountability

towards…

Information-Centric Networking

[email protected] 3

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Publish-Subscribe Internet Vision� information centrism

� everything is information & information is everything

� Recursive & and generalized use of publish-subscribe

� enables dynamic change of roles between actors

� Network cache

� publishes info (cached)

� subscribes to get info to cache

� Access Points publish ID

� mobiles subscribe

Objectives� Specify, implement, & test

an internetworked pub/sub architecture

� follow a clean-slate design approach

� Perform qualitative and quantitative evaluation

� Security and socio-economics important!

� Migration and incentive scenarios important (e.g., overlay)!

[email protected]

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ICNtimeline

[email protected] 5

Van Jacobson

papers/talks projects

“A Survey of Information-Centric

Networking Research,” IEEE

Communications Surveys and

Tutorials, vol. 16, no. 2, 2014.

CCN

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Content Centric Networking (CCN) /Named Data Networking (NDN)

� CCN� @ PARC

� NDN /2� NSF

� UCLA, …

[email protected] 6

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MobilityFirst

� 160 bit Globally

Unique Identifier

(GUID)� for each information

object, device, service

� GUID translated into

a network address

(IP) through a Global

Name Resolution

Service (GNRS)

� publishers register

GUIDs to GNRS and

subscribers perform

requests/queries

� routing takes place

based on the network

address

[email protected] 7

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� PSIRP: Publish Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm� FP7 ICT STREP, 2008-2010

� the basis� focus on (inter)-networking

� PURSUIT: Publish Subscribe Internet Technologies� FP7 ICT STREP, 2010-2013

� extending, above & below the Internet layer� optical, wireless, mobility, transport…

� Euro-NF: Anticipating the Network of the Future—From Theory to Design� FP7 ICT Network of Excellence, 2008-2012

� ASPECTS, GOVPIMIT, E-key-nets

� EIFFEL: Evolved Internet Future For European Leadership � FP7 ICT SSA, 2008-2010; Think-Tank continued

� June 2011 TT @ MIT: Information-Centric Networking

� φSAT: The Role of Satellites in Future Internet Services� European Space Agency funded� 2011-2013

� I-CAN: Information-Centric Future Access Networks� NSRF (Greece), 2014-2015

� POINT: IP Over ICN- The better IP� H2020 ICT STREP, 2015-2017

[email protected] 8

Our ICN-related Research Projects

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[email protected] 9

Publish-Subscribe Internetworking (PSI)Key Functions and Components

� publish – subscribe – rendezvous

� Rendezvous ID: hash of content (/name)� asynchronous and multicast

� restores the imbalance of power

sender/receiver(s)

� + Scope ID: aggregation, policies…

� PSI Basic Functions: RTF

� Rendezvous: Matches publications with subscriptions and initializes forwarding

� Topology: Monitors the network and creates information delivery paths

� Forwarding

G. Xylomenos et al., “Caching and Mobility Support in a Publish-Subscribe Internet Architecture,” IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2012.

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PSI Identifiers

[email protected]

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PSI Unique Features

� Fast forwarding� Bloom filter based forwarding (→ forwarding identifiers)

� simple, stateless, fast forwarding

� incl. for multicast

� path (‘source’) routing

� path as compact Bloom filter carried on packets

� Centralized – ‘SDN compatible’ approach

� (intra-domain) routing/resource allocation

� topology discovery/management

� ‘recursive’ use of pub/sub …� object level

� chunk/packet level…

� pull transport, error control, rcvr flow control

= slow & fast rendezvous

� topology formation: handover = subscribe to network…

[email protected] 11

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12

Resource Sharing / Multicast

[email protected]

+TM

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Caching, Multiple Information Sources & Multiple Paths

[email protected] 13

+TM

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Caching and replication

� All content sources are equivalent in PSI

� Origin, cache, or replication point

� Chunks can be retrieved from different sources

� Sources are visible to the network

� Network-level caching

� Caching vs. replication

� Similar to the user, different to the network

� Replication is planned (as in CDNs)

� Caching is opportunistic (as in P2Ps)

� PSI handles both in a unified manner

[email protected] 14

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Secure Forwarding Mechanism (LIPSIN)

� Forwarding based on Bloom filter (called zFilter) that

contains all the link IDs through which a packet has to travel

� Supports multicast

� Hashing

� False positives

� Limitations in size

� Hierarchical / inter-networks

� Link identifiers are unique

� zFilter creation involves an encryption mechanism

� DoS attack resistant

� Almost impossible to

� redirect an information flow

� send arbitrary packets to a destination

[email protected]

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zFilters Based Forwarding (LIPSIN)

[email protected]

P. Jokela, et al., “LIPSIN: Line Speed

Publish/ Subscribe Inter-networking,”

Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2009.

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[email protected] 17

PubSub Inter networking

� RTF functions realized appropriately/differently at different levels/contexts

� hierarchical approach (2-level?), e.g.:

� fwd-ing with path of domains� also to counter Bloom filter limitations

� global rendezvous with hierarchical

DHTs

K.V. Katsaros et al., “On Inter-domain Name Resolution for Information-Centric Networks,” Proc. IFIP

Networking, Prague, Czech Republic, May 2012.

� Mobility

� client/subscriber mobility� supported / ‘trivial’…

� optimized through caching/pre-fetching

� Publisher mobility� facilitated, by caching to fixed net

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[email protected] 18

Prototype Implementations & Testbeds

1. PSIRP Testbed (w/ Blackhawk)• 6 countries: UK, FI, GR, D, BU, US

• In addition: Belgium during ICT demos

• Tunneled over the public Internet

• +dedicated fiber where available

2. PURSUIT Testbed (w/ Blackadder)• 25 nodes

• 5 countries: UK, FI, GR, D, US• Tunneled (VPN)

• over the public Internet

PURSUIT

PSIRP

D. Trossen and G. Parisis, “Designing and realizing an information-centric internet,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, July 2012. - https://github.com/fp7-pursuit/blackadder

3. φSAT Testbed w/ SAT emulation

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19

Multimedia (streaming) over PSI

� Motivation:

� “YouTube” a la PSI …

� Streaming videos

� without RTP/TCP/IP

� only native PSI

� Basic Components of the application:

� Publisher: the owner of the video

� Subscriber: the user that seeks to

view the video

� Technologies Involved

� We tried different applications

� Video

� Audio/voice (VoPSI)

� ...

Java-JMF player

JPSI

JNI

PSI

[email protected]

Page 20: Publish/Subscribe Internetworkingodysseas.calit2.uci.edu/networkedsystems/slides/150220-ICN-UCI-v4… · Named Data Networking (NDN) CCN @ PARC NDN /2 NSF UCLA, … polyzos@aueb.gr

Outlook & Open Issues

� Scalability and Performance Issues

� Scalable global rendezvous design

� Transport protocols

� Multimedia distribution optimization

� Security and privacy

� Deployment and Interoperability Issues

� Cheap ICN? http only?

� Internet of Things opportunity!

[email protected]

Page 21: Publish/Subscribe Internetworkingodysseas.calit2.uci.edu/networkedsystems/slides/150220-ICN-UCI-v4… · Named Data Networking (NDN) CCN @ PARC NDN /2 NSF UCLA, … polyzos@aueb.gr

Optimization of Real-Time Media Distribution

Exploit1. Functional organization

� Item resolution decoupled from forwarding (path establishment)

2. In-network resources � TM nodes → (logically) centralized path/tree formation

3. Stateless multicast forwarding

Compute minimum cost (Steiner) trees for multicast delivery� Cost of optimization:

� Signaling cost: resolve the subscription� → analogous to a DNS or DHT resolution

� Computation delay at TM

� Evaluation: Emulation of AS 224 (Norwegian Univ. & Research Network)� 233 routers, 75 access routers → 75 PSI access networks…� For 90% of subscriptions, delay (Steiner - Shortest-path) < 2ms; For 99.6%, < 60ms� Steiner-tree byte footprint compared to Shortest-path trees: - 30%, multiple unicasts: - 48%

C. Tsilopoulos et al. “Efficient Real-time Information Delivery in Future Internet Publish-Subscribe Networks,” Proc. IEEE ICNC, San Diego, CA, January 2013.

[email protected]

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Challenges and Opportunities in Video & Multimedia Access & Distribution over ICN

� users express intent to watch video / access multimedia

� without specifying filename/version/encoding or server location

� ICN locates/selects video source(s) and orchestrates delivery� system selects video source(s) for best available/affordable quality

� takes into account video encoding/bitrate and user connectivity conditions

� In PSI, ‘system’ = Rendezvous + Topology Manager

� Requires algorithms and policies

� challenges

� how to name video

� Just hashing the video bits won't do...

� need something richer… (automatic) perceptual hashing

� chunk size?

� how ICN selects video source (publisher)

� how ICN selects actual data path

� e.g. SDN-like route selection at the flow-level

� Involves topology management, routing algorithms etc.

[email protected] 22

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PSI Security & Privacy

� … in addition to intrinsic ICN security features…

� Publisher and Subscriber do not know each other� Scopes: PSI’s information firewalls

� Bloom filter path cannot be replayed� rotation of link IDs…

� DoS attacks to publishers/subscribers eradicated

� Rendezvous (point/network) knows much…

� Privacy wrt:� publisher: great… (at network & higher layers)

� rendezvous (broker): bad…

� proposal: use Homomorphic EncryptionN. Fotiou, D. Trossen, G.F. Marias, A. Kostopoulos, G.C. Polyzos, “Enhancing Information Lookup Privacy through Homomorphic Encryption,” Security and Communication Networks (to appear).

� Access Control Delegation� important for fast effective and efficient caching

N. Fotiou, G.F. Marias, G.C. Polyzos, “Access Control Enforcement Delegation for Information-Centric Networking Architectures,” ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Vol. 42, No. 4, Oct. 2012.

[email protected] 23

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ICN Privacy Tutorial @ ACM ICN 2014 (Paris)

� ICN Privacy and Name based Security

� http://mm.aueb.gr/presentations/2014-ICN-Privacy-Tutorial.pdf

� Remarks� ICN-IP relationship

� Some of the techniques are adapted for ICN from the existing IP networks� More generally, many of techniques are also applicable to the existing IP networks� Same for threats and objectives

� but there are also differences…

� Important open issues� Performance trade offs

� on a concrete system� Caching vs. Privacy vs. Confidentiality

� Governance and authorities� On non random identifiers (human readable)� e.g., details on naming

� Shared responsibility for important decisions or actions, departure from single TTPmodels

� Bitcoin vs Certificates/PKI� Byzantine agreement,…

� “NSA free” architectures� Global policies� Traffic engineering

[email protected] 24

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Proactive Selective Neighbor Cachingfor enhancing Mobility Support in ICN

� Delay can be reduced by using proxies to pre-fetch and cache data� Mobile obtains data from local cache rather than remote server

� Local network can have low capacity backhaul (e.g. femto/small-cells, hotspots)

[email protected] 25

� Proactive Selective Neighbor Caching � mobile initially connected to proxy i

� ICN receiver-driven model reveals which data items are requested

� select optimum subset of neighbor proxies to proactively cache requested data

� if mobile connects to one of these proxies it can immediately receive data not obtained due to disconnection

� Selection of neighbor caches to pre-fetch data depends on� probability mobile connects to caches

� available cache space

� delay reduction gains

X. Vasilakos et al. “Proactive Selective Neighbor Caching for enhancing Mobility Support in Information-Centric Networks,” Proc. ACM SIGCOMM ICN, August 2012.

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Challenges & Opportunities forEnhancing Mobility Support in ICN

Challenges� Selection of optimal subset of neighbors is hard

� NP-complete (Knap-sack): different object sizes + limited capacity, different delay gains� Optimal Solution: Break to same sized chunks; but that is application-dependent� Good approximation: Iterative selection algorithm based on dynamic cache pricing

� Example: 3-level hierarchical proactive caching � Publisher and subscribers use ADSL links: Publisher – ADSL – Subscriber� Motivation: ADSL is the delay bottleneck� Hard to decide optimal cache selection; use centralized selection algorithm

Opportunities� Support mobile publishers: content cached in proxies

� Accommodate many mobile users by exploiting mobility information + object popularity

� Get data from other proxies in case of a cache miss� Multilevel hierarchies implied

� Taking cache misses into account during cache selection is NP-Hard

� Parallel download of different chunks from many proxies

� ISP costs rather than delay costs as motivation for proactive caching

� More efficient cache utilization in dense femto-cells or WiFi hotspots

[email protected] 26

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0

100

200

300

400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Initial deployment

Fast ICN adoption

Saturation

time

# of ICN

adopters

φSAT: The role of Satellites in FI Services

� Aim: � To investigate the technical

feasibility & business viability

of the integration of SatCom

with terrestrial ICN architectures

� Results� Methodology to identify application/service scenarios where the

capabilities of SatCom and ICN bring highest techno-economic gains � Key SatCom capabilities: Broadcast/Multicast, Wide Coverage

� Key ICN capabilities: Data aggregation, Multipath

Routing, Mobility Support, In-network Caching

� Candidate scenarios identified� Hybrid Broadcast netTV

� M2M Communications

� 4G Backhauling

� Socio-economic evaluation� Market evolution for each scenario

Data Transport

Name Resolution

Publisher

Subscriber

Name Server

Forwarding

Node

[email protected] 27

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An Information-Centric Overlay Network Architecture

for Content Distribution and Mobility Support

Ph.D. Dissertation by Konstantinos Katsaros

� Multicast� Router Assisted Overlay Multicast (RAOM)

� Deploying multicast functionality in an overlay fashion

� Multicast & Caching� MultiCache

� Enabling caching of data delivered by multicast trees

� Adapting to the inter-network structure� H-Pastry

� Canonical version of Pastry

� Mobility Support� Overlay Multicast Assisted Mobility (OMAM)

� Revisiting multicast assisted mobility

K.V. Katsaros, G. Xylomenos, G.C. Polyzos, “MultiCache: an Overlay Architecture for Information-Centric Networking,” Computer Networks, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 936-947,Special Issue on ‘Architectures and Protocols for the Future Internet,’March 2011.

[email protected]

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Conclusions

� ICN has some common key advantages (across architectures)

� ICN is well positioned to address

� caching, mult-ihoming, traffic management, mobility, security...

� PSI: unique features� name/ID resolution (for each scope) @RP, rather than flooding

� centralized routing & resource allocation ∼∼∼∼ SDN� fast stateless (multicast) forwarding

� separate forwarding from resolution� no use of reverse path, appropriate for asymmetric links/paths

� added (to pub/sub) selected security mechanisms

� secure forwarding (zFilters), scopes, bubbles…

� Outlook� Scalability, efficiency

� Security and privacy

� the IoT and home networking

� evolution: tussles resolved at or near run-time

[email protected] 29

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ICN Research Community

� workshops…� with ACM SIGCOMM

� ICN 2011 (Toronto)

� ICN 2012 (Helsinki)

� ICN 2013 (Hong Kong)

� with IEEE INFOCOM

� NOMEN 2012, 2013

� 1st ACM SIGCOMM ICN Conference� Paris Sept. 2014

� 2nd ACM SIGCOMM ICN Conference� San Francisco, end Sept. 2015

� ICNRG@IERTF

� Journals & Magazines Special Issues

[email protected] 30

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POINT: IP Over ICN - The Better IP?

� Project

� Duration: 1/1/2015-31/12/2017

� Partners:� Aalto U (co-ordinator), ELL-I (FI)� Intracom Telecom, AUEB-RC (GR)� CTVC Ltd, Interdigital Europe, U Essex (UK)� RWTH Aachen (DE)� Primetel (CY)

� Concept

� Premise: IP apps can do better over ICN

� Need to define what “better” means

� Better utilisation in HTTP streaming scenarios

� Better privacy of personal data and metadata

� Better management of virtual network paths

� Better (fairer) content distribution

31

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POINT Domain

[email protected] 32

� Focus

� 1 provider

� UE: no

changes (required)

� ICN used

internally in the

network

� ICN could be

exposed to UE

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Objectives

� Define KPIs from an IP viewpoint

� Measure performance of IP over ICN

� Define a platform with clear interfaces

� Allow adding hardware blocks and extensions

� Map Internet abstractions onto an ICN� IP, TCP, HTTP, CoAP

� Develop resource coordination mechanisms

� Multiple resource optimization

� Implement a POINT platform prototype

� Blackadder+ as IP underlay

� Deploy and evaluate in a field trial� Using Primetel’s operational network

� Evaluate the commercial viability of POINT

� Same methodology as in PURSUIT

� Establish POINT in the wider ICN community

33

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POINT Platform Architecture

[email protected] 34

Blackadder +� Application-facing abstractions

� HTTP, CoAP,…

� Novel dissemination strategies

� For access networks

� Integration with SDN� ICN over SDN

� Flexibly-grained QoS� per abstraction

� Key target protocols/services

� http

� CoApp

� IP

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Thank you!

George C. Polyzos

Mobile Multimedia LaboratoryDepartment of Informatics

School of Information Sciences and TechnologyAthens University of Economics and Business

Athens, Greece

http://mm.aueb.gr/[email protected]

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