published quarterly by the international churchill societies ......sherlock holmes pastiche,...

Published quarterly by the International Churchill Societies and the Rt. Hon. Sir Winston Spencer Churchill Society of British Columbia

COVER

The Cartton Club Portrait © Carlton Club 1992. A numbered print, signedby Lady Soames, is offered. See p.25.

ARTICLES

WSC: A Remembrance 7Washington Evening Star, 25 January 1965

EngSsh-Speaking Agenda 8Statesmanship, Democracy and ChurchillSecretary Jack Kemp

Reviews: An Interesting Spring 11The TV Epic; New Books by Woods and JablonskyDorothy Rabinowitz, John P. Nixon, Jr., Dr. Cyril Mazansky

Pausabnd Revisited 19Churchill's Favorite Villa Lives on in DallasMarianne Almquist

Churchi Organizations Worldwide 22Preserving the Memory - Keeping the TrustIntroduction by The Lady Soames, DBE

Gfrnpses: "Unpretentious and Comfortable Looking" 28Two 1945 Encounters with the Great ManJames H. Heineman

DEPARTMENTS

Editorial/3 International Datelines/4 Adverts/5 Woods Comer/14 Gift Op-portunities/25 Churchill in Stamps/26 Churchilltrivia/29 Despatch Box/30Riddles, Mysteries/31 Action This Day/33 Immortal Words/36

PULL-OUT INSERT

Pages 1.09-1.12 , "Churchill Bibliographic Data" (All the Books ofWinston S. Churchill: Amplified Woods List)

FINEST HOUR

Editor: Richard M. Langworth (tel. 603-746-4433 days)Post Office Box 385, Contoocook, New Hampshire 03229 USA

Senior Editors: John G. Plumpton (tel. 416-497-5349 eves)130 Collingsbrook Blvd, Agincourt, Ontario, Canada M1W 1M7

H. Ashley Redbum, OBE (tel. 0705 479575)7 Auriol Dr., Bedhampton, Hampshire PO9 3LR, England

Cuttings Editor: John Frost (tel. 081 -440-3159)8 Monks Ave, New Barnet, Herts., EN5 1D8, England

Contributors:George Richard, 7 Channel Hwy, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia 7006Stanley E. Smith, 9 Beech Drive, Littleton, MA 01460 USADerek L. Johnston, Box 33859 Stn D, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6J 4L6Ronald Cohen, 1351 Potter Dr., Manotick ON Canada K4M 1C3

Produced for ICS by Dragonwyck Publishing Inc. fy?J

THE INTERNATIONAL CHURCHILL SOCIETIES

Founded in 1968, the Society consists of three independent, not-for-profit charitable organisations in Canada, the United Kingdom and theUnited States, plus branch offices in Australia and New Zealand, whichwork together to promote interest in and education on the life, times,thought and work of Sir Winston Churchill, and to preserve his memory.The independent Societies are certified charities under the separate lawsof Canada, the UK and USA, and are affiliated with similar organisationssuch as the Winston S. Churchill Societies of Western Canada. FinestHour is provided free to Members or Friends of ICS, which offers severallevels of support in various currencies. Membership applications andchanges of address should be sent to the National Offices listed opposite.Editorial correspondence: PO Box 385, Contoocook, NH 03229 USA,fax 603-746-4260, telephone 746-4433. Permission to mail at non-profit rates in the USA granted by the US Postal Service. Produced byDragonwyck Publishing Inc. Copyright © 1992. All rights reserved.

SIR WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL SOCIETY

Founded in 1964, the Society works to ensure that Sir Winston's idealsand achievements are never forgotten by succeeding generations. Allmembers of the B.C. Branch are automatic ICS members, while ICSmembership is optional to members of the Edmonton and CalgaryBranches. Activities include banquets for outstanding people connectedwith aspects of Sir Winston's career; public speaking and debatingcompetitions for High School students, scholarships in Honours History,and other activities, including scholarships for study at Churchill College.

PATRON OF THE SOCIETIES

The Lady Soames, DBE

TRUSTEES

ICS/UK: The Lady Soames; The Duke of Marlborough;Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill; Hon. Celia Perkins;

G.J. Wheeler; Nicholas Soames, MP; Richard Haslam-Hopwood;David Merritt; David Porter

ICS/USA: Ambassador Paul H. Robinson, Jr., Chmn.;The Lady Soames; Hon. Caspar Weinberger; Rt. Hon. Lord Pym;

Wendy R. Reves; Richard M. Langworth; George A. Lewis.J. Sinclair Armstrong, Norman Shaifer

ICS HONORARY MEMBERS

Winston S. Churchill, MP • The Duke of Marlborough, DL, JPMartin Gilbert, CBE • Anthony Montague Browne, CBE, DFC

Grace Hamblin, OBE • Colin L. PowellRobert Hardy, CBE • Wendy Russell Reves

Pamela C. Harriman • Amb. Paul H. Robinson, Jr.James Calhoun Humes • The Lady Soames, DBE

Mary Coyne Jackman • Rt. Hon. Margaret Thatcher, OM, FRS, MPYousuf Karsh, OC • Hon. Caspar W. Weinberger, GBE

COUNCIL OF CHURCHILL SOCIETIES

Australia: Peter M. JenkinsCanada: Celwyn P. Ball, John G. Plumpton

Leonard Kitz, QC, Frank BattershillUnited Kingdom: David Boler

United States: Merry Alberigi, Marianne Almquist,R. Alan Fitch, Larry Kryske, Richard Langworth,

George Lewis, Alfred Lurie, Cyril Mazansky, James Muller

D I R E C T O R Y

INTERNATIONAL COUNCILCelwyn P. Ball, Chairman

1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton, N.B. El C 8J6Telephone (506) 387-7347

THE CHURCHILL SOCIETIESICS/Australia: Peter M. Jenkins, (03) 700-1277

8 Regnans Ave., Endeavour Hills, Vic. 3802

ICS/Canada: John G. Plumpton, Chmn.Hon. Sec: Celwyn Ball, (506) 387-7347

1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton N.B. E1C 8J6

ICS/Unked Kingdom: David Porter, Chmn.Hon. Sec: David Merritt (0342) 327754

24 The Dell, E. Grinstead, W.Sx. RH19 3XP

ICSAJSA: Amb. Paul H. Robinson, Jr., Chmn.Hon. Sec: Derek Brownleader (504) 752-33131847 Stonewood Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70816

DEPARTMENTS AND PROJECTSICS Stores: Alan Fitch

9807 Willow Brook Cir., Louisville, KY 40223

Commemorative Covers: Dave Marcus221 Pewter La., Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA

Publications: Richard M. LangworthPO Box 385, Contoocook, NH 03229 USA

ICS CHAPTERSMerry Alberigi, Coordinator

P.O. Box 5037, Novato CA 94948 USATelephone (415) 883-9076

Alaska: James W. Muller1518 Airport Hts Dr., Anchorage AK 99508

Arizona: Marianne Almquist2423 E. Marshall Ave., Phoenix AZ 85016

California: Merry AlberigiPO Box 5037, Novato CA 94948

Chicago: William C. Ives8300 Sears Tower, Chicago IL 60606

Illinois: Amb. Paul H. Robinson, Jr.135 S. LaSalle St., Chicago, IL 60603

Nashville: Richard H. Knight, Jr.PO Box 24356, Nashville, TN 37202

New Brunswick: Celwyn P. Ball1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton, NB E1C 8J6

New York City: Alfred J. Lurie450 E. 63rd St, Apt 8A, New York, NY 10021

New England: Cyril Mazansky50 Dolphin Rd., Newton Centre, MA 02159

North Texas: Ann Hazlett2214 Sulphur Street, Dallas, TX 75208

Toronto: The Other Club. Murray Milne33 Weldrick Rd., E., Ph #9

Richmond Hill, Ontario L4C 8W4

THOUGHTS AND ADVENTURES

HOLMES-CHURCHILL SHORT STORY PUBLISHEDBy the time you read this, ICS United States will have published John C. Woods'

Sherlock Holmes pastiche, "The Boer Conspiracy," an exciting account of howHolmes and Watson helped save Winston Churchill's life during the Oldham electioncampaign of 1900 — a period heretofore blank in the chronicles of Sherlock Holmes.This new ICS publication will be sent with compliments to Friends of ICS/USA and isbeing offered to ICS Canada, UK and Australia at the printing cost, to be distributedas they wish.

Why a Sherlock Holmes story? It is frivolity, pure and simple; but we know manyChurchillians are also Sherlockians, and after all the hard work we have been doingon behalf of so many serious goals, we owed ourselves a treat. This is it: a story youwill not put down until you reach "the exciting conclusion." Readers outside theUSA who can't wait for their Society to supply copies may send £8 or $ 18 Cana-dian or Australian, payable to ICS, to the editor. We will speed one to you by airmail.

With this issue, too, Finest Hour returns almost to schedule. We would have hadthis issue out in June were it not for the Churchill Tour, which takes us to Englandbeginning June 7th, and from which we will not return until July 6th. Issue #76,the third quarter number, will however be out on time. In between, Celwyn Ball and Iare taking a ten-day trip through the Baltic nations of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia,exploring among other things the possibility for a future Churchill Tour there. More onthis as it develops!

SHORTWAVE RADIOMany readers in Canada and the USA commented favorably on my recommenda-

tion of shortwave — the BBC especially — as a substitute for the non-news we geton AM-FM and the biased, gender- and race-driven features of National Public Radio."Isn't it terribly expensive?", you asked. "And if not, how do I get started?"

It's not cheap, but perhaps not as pricey as you thought. Many who bought low-cost shortwave receivers during the Gulf War gave up on the medium because of poorreception. By nature, shortwave beams vary in quality. You must have a radio withdigital (instead of analog or needle) tuning and full 13-band coverage. That means aquality portable at US $150-200 or £85-120. The Sony UCF-SW7600, PanasonicRF-B65 and Realistic DX-380 (Sangean ATS-808) are top-rated. (Note: prices inCanada are 50-75% higher owing to tax, duty, and more tax.)

If you really become hooked, you may want to acquire a tabletop, which offersmore numerous and precise controls in exchange for non-portability and much moremoney: $750-1000/£450-600. Happily, two of the best tabletops are not made inJapan: the American Drake R-8 ($979), ranked best in the world; and the BritishLowe HF-225 (£429), among the best for steady listening. Japanese rivals sproutmore knobs and switches than a 747; Drake and Lowe reduce controls to levels or-dinary mortals can understand. Do consider buying British or American in this field.For information contact R.L. Drake Co., PO Box 3006, Miamisburg, OH 45342, tel.(800) 937-2530; or Lowe Electronics Ltd., Chesterfield Road, Matlock, DerbyshireDE4 5LE, tel. (0629) 580800, fax 580020.

I recommend two important publications. The Monitoring Times ($19.95 peryear, $28.95 ex-USA, PO Box 98, Brasstown, NC 28905) is a monthly with manygood features and an hour-by-hour list of all English-language transmissions. Allforeign broadcasters — Germany, France, Russia, both Chinas, Cuba, Holland,Switzerland, Lithuania, Austria, etc. — have English programmes. With MT and adigital radio you can find them without guessing or time-consuming searches.

Also consider Passport to World Band Radio ($16.95 in bookshops, $22.50 inCanada), a 386-page annual packed with user tips, top shows, frank test reports,and three programme guides arranged by the hour, country and wave band.

BBC news programmes are the best in the world. Never in a year of regular listen-ing have I heard one editorial opinion inserted in a BBC news story, or one value judg-ment made on the basis of a person's color or gender. The Beeb has correspondentseverywhere; they report straight news, usually before everybody else. Their enter-tainment and discussion programmes are broadbased and intelligent; Alistair Cooke's"Letter from America" (Sunday at 0615, 1645 & 2230 GMT) is alone worth in-vesting in a shortwave radio. Thus I recommend a subscription to BBC's monthlyprogramme guide London Calling (£12, US$20, Can$25, Aus$25 from BBC, BushHouse, Box 76S, Strand, London WC2B, 4PH, UK).

RICHARD M. LANGWORTH, EDITOR

The Editor's opinions are his own and not necessarily those of the International Churchill Societies.

FINEST HOUR 75, PAGE 3

INTERNATIONAL DATELINESQuote of the Season

"In dealing with nationalities,nothing is more fatal than a dodge.Wrongs will be forgiven, sufferings andlosses will be forgiven or forgotten,battles will be remembered only asthey recall the martial virtues of thecombatants; but anything like chicane,anything like a trick, will alwaysrankle." - wsc, COMMONS, 5 APRIL I 906

Lady Soames at Hyde PaikHYDE PARK, NY, USA - The New Englandand New York Chapters of ICS joinwith the Franklin Roosevelt Library inwelcoming Lady Soames to Hyde Parkon August 15th, where she will viewthe exhibition of her father's paintings,on display through the end of the year.Lady Soames will conduct a walkingtour of the exhibit with comments onthe various paintings, after which adinner will be held in her honor. Ar-rangements have been made throughthe kind invitation of Verne Newton,director of the Roosevelt Library, andwith the aid of Cyril Mazansky and AlLurie of ICS. All Friends of the Societyin New England and the New York met-ropolitan area will receive bookingforms automatically. Seats are limited,however, and we urge you to contacteither ICS chapter immediately toreserve places. (See Directory, page 3.)

Phoenix ChapterPHOENIX, ARIZ., FEBRUARY 26TH - A b u f f e t

dinner for 45 Friends and guests washeld today at the home of Molly andJohn Clark. ICS Vice President MerryAlberigi was the featured speaker, on"Churchill the Painter: An Introduc-tion to the Man and His Art."

Mrs. Alberigi was introduced bychapter director Marianne Almquist,who gave a brief overview of ICS pur-poses and programs. "Churchil l ' sachievements," she said, "serve torank him as a premier role model forthe younger generation who will carrythe torch of leadership into the 21stcentury."

The new ICS program, "Teachingthe Next Generation," will be imple-mented by the Chapter with an awardsprogram at Arizona universities andlocal high schools for history studentswriting exemplary essays on aspects ofChurchill. Dick and Gretchen Wilsonwill explore the idea of a VCR presenta-tion on Churchill suitable for youngchildren. This program will be chairedby Dr. Carol Mattel, a Friend of ICSand professor of history at ArizonaState University. With another Friend,

Above (1-r): Lew and Patricia Roebuck,Marianne Almquist, Molly Clark of theICS/Arizona dinner committee. Below:Merry Alberigi on Churchill the Artist.

Dr. Retha Warnicke, Dr. Martel spon-sored two graduate history students asspecial guests at February's event.

The response to Merry Alberigi'spresentation was enthusiastic, as weexpected. Many who were attending anICS event for the first time said thiswas a perfect introduction to theSociety. Chapter members serving ashosts and on the planning committeeincluded Karl and Marianne Almquist,Molly and John Clark, Carol and LarryMartel, Patricia and Lew Roebuck andGretchen and Dick Wilson.

APRIL 26TH - Rolling along,ICS/Phoenix met again at the homeof Dick and Gretchen Wilson, whoshowed a 30-minute documentary onChurchill's public and private life andDr. Carol Martel outlined plans for a"Teaching the Next Generation"award to be presented next year to anArizona State University history stu-dent. Marianne Almquist reported onthe February meeting and Friends wereencouraged to suggest books on Chur-chill which they recommend. This wasour final meeting until autumn, -MA.

Colin Powell an Hon. MemberPASCAGOULA, MISS., USA, MAY 15TH —

Pascagoula Naval Station commandingofficer Larry Kryske, a director ofICS/USA, welcomed Chairman of theJoint Chiefs of Staff here today todedicate the USS Kearsarge with aproof copy of "The Dream" from theICS archives. (WSC's haunting short

story, produced by ICS in 1988, is cur-rently out of print, but we hope torepublish it in the future.) GeneralPowell had been invited to become anhonorary member of ICS United Statesafter President Richard Langworthhelped him attribute a quote — reveal-ing his use of Churchill as a benchmarkin his own philosophy. The quote,which perfectly fits General Powell'scurrent campaign for Peace ThroughStrength, is from page 48 of the firsteditions of The World Crisis, Volume I(page 45 of the postwar Scribnerreprint): Churchill's remarks about the1911 Agadir Crisis with Germany:

War, Churchill wrote, " is toofoolish, too fantastic to be thought of inthe twentieth century . . . No onewould do such things. Civilisation hasclimbed above such perils. The inter-dependence of nations in trade and traf-fic, the sense of public law, the HagueConvention, Liberal principles, theLabour Party, high finance, Christiancharity, common sense have renderedsuch nightmares impossible. Are youquite sure? It would be a pity to bewrong. Such a mistake could only bemade once — once for all."

Wannsee Conference CommemorationBERLIN, JANUARY 2OTH — In a villa on thebanks of Wannsee Lake exactly fiftyyears ago, SS Intelligence head Rein-hard Heydrich chaired a meeting in-cluding Adolf Eichmann, to organizeand implement the "final solution ofthe Jewish Question." Today I at-tended the official dedication of Ger-many's first memorial centre to theresulting Holocaust, and the opening ofan educational centre in the same villawhere the conference had taken place,restored by the City of Berlin and Ger-man governments. The sponsors were"Remembrance for the Future," repre-senting the Ministry of the Interior,Berlin state, Catholic and Protestantchurches, Jewish community and Ger-man Historical Museum.

I served with the RCAF in the warand found myself at the Belsen Concen-tration Camp four weeks after itsliberation by the British XXX Corps. Ihave never forgotten the experience


and made arrangements to attend thededication ceremony. It was my privi-lege to bring greetings on behalf of theChurchill Societies to the Mayor ofBerlin and the conference director, Dr.Gerhard Schoenberner {Finest Hour 74,page 3).

The exhibition documents the eventsbefore, during and after the ' 'WannseeKonferenz" including the minutes(recorded by Eichmann), and other rele-vant documents found in the GermanForeign Office. Thirteen other smallerrooms portray pictorially with texts (atthis stage only in German) the entireprocess of the segregation and ultimategenocide of Europe's Jews. Upper floorswill house an education departmentand library. Dr. Schoenberner intendsthe villa to become "a centre of activelearning" with seminars and con-ferences.

STANLEY H. WINFIELD, EXEC. SEC.

SIR W.S.C. SOCIETY, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Fifty Years Ago (2):The Battle of MidwayLONDON, JUNE 1942 — ' 'The annals of war atsea present no more intense, heart-shaking shock than this battle in whichthe qualities of the United States Navyand Airforce and the American raceshone forth in splendour. The braveryand self devotion of the Americanairmen and sailors and the nerve andskill of their leaders was the foundationof all." —WSC (attribution requested).

Anti-Churchill BibliographyNEW YORK, MAY 16TH - Friend of ICS GlennHorowitz sends us "The Drama ofEight Days,'' an eight page booklet sub-titled, ' 'How war was waged on Irelandwith an economy of English Lives,"published by Irish Republican Head-quarters in New York and meant tosolicit funds for the "AmericanAssociation for the Recognition of theIrish Republic." Inside, highly selec-tive quotes indict the "conspirators,"General Macready, Lloyd George andWSC, who is quoted in the House on 26June 1922: "The presence in Dublin. . . of a band of men styling them-selves the Headquarters of the Republi-can Executive is a gross breach and de-fiance of the Treaty." That sort ofthing. Churchill's role as a key con-ciliator in the complicated negotiationsthat actually saved the Irish Treaty is,of course, ignored altogether. If anyoneis interested in this pamphlet, pleasecontact the editor. This is a probablenew Woods Section D(b) entry, -RML

No Doffing in VictoriaVICTORIA, B.C., SEPTEMBER 5TH, 1929 - ChUT-chill attended a Canadian Club lun-

cheon at the Empress Hotel here,speaking about the role of the RoyalNavy and the financial position ofEngland. Afterward, during photo-graphs on the hotel's balcony, the menwere asked to remove their hats for thecamera. Everyone but Churchill did so,but whenMayor Herbert Anscomb askedChurchill to do likewise he replied,"No I won't." Comments the VictoriaIslander of January 12th: "Obviouslythe sun was far too bright [thoughlater], perhaps as an act of penance,Churchill made time in his schedule toplant an English hawthorne in BeaconHill Park's Mayor's Grove." Thephotograph, which is part of theAnscomb Collection, shows Churchillwith his hat firmly rooted.

— SUBMITTED BY JOHN PLUMPTON

WSC, with hat, Vancouver, 1929

Update on Churchill BooksForthcoming

• Companion Volume VI, Part 1,The Churchill Papers, Volume 1:' 'At the Admiralty,'' September 1939-May 1940 will be published byHeinemann in the autumn. All readersof Finest Hour will receive completeordering details at a discount price inthese pages from the New Book Ser-vice. Part 2, "Never Surrender," hasbeen delivered to the publisher and is inprogress; it covers Churchill's chiefdocuments for the balance of 1940.Eight additional volumes will cover the

PULL-OUT CENTER SECTIONIn the center of this issue please find Section 3 of

the "Amplified Woods List" of books by Chur-chill. Remove and file with previous inserts. Thenext issue will contain the final Section of thislisting.

five remaining years of the war, the Op-position period, the 1951-55 SecondPremiership, and the 1955-65 retire-ment years. Edited by Martin Gilbert,these volumes have been made possibleby the generosity of Wendy Reves andFriends of ICS in the United States andCanada. Heinemann tell us that thesevolumes will be bound uniformly withearlier Companion Volumes but jack-eted differently; ICS may create an all-purpose white dust jacket for thosewho wish the jackets to appear uniform.

To Be Reviewed Next Issue• The Great Betrayal: Britain,

Australia and the Onset of the PacificWar 1939-1942, by David Day. AshleyRedburn takes a critical look at Day'slatest outburst to the effect that Chur-chill forsook Australia and Menziescould have been Prime Minister of Bri-tain.

• Churchill: The Making of a GrandStrategist, by David Jablonsky. An ex-cellent military historian (see reviewsthis issue) has published his third workon Churchill with the U.S. Army WarCollege. Chris Harmon, of the NavyWar College, reviews the book.

• Churchill: Strategy and History,by Tulva Ben-Moshe is a book on thesame subject as above, but far morecritical. The editor will cast a jaundicedeye on this one.

•The Opposition Years: Winston S.Churchill and the Conservative Party,1945-1951 by Frank Mayer (a Friend ofICS) is just out, in the AmericanUniversity Studies Series, published byPeter Lang.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTSPersonal advertisements of a briefnature are available free to Friends ofthe Societies.

For Sale: 1978 Rolls-Royce SilverShadow II. Garage kept, excellent con-dition, silver and burgundy righthanddrive motorcar. Serviced by a Rolls-Royce/Bentley specialist. An advan-tageous purchase at $35,000. Tel. (609)448-0363 in USA.

For Sale: If this issue is going to dealwith used cars, consider my 1952Triumph Mayflower, the "watchcharm Rolls,'' 84-inch wheelbase razor-edge two-door saloon, RHD, handsomein black and ivory side panel flash. Ex-cellent condition. Make offer. Contactthe editor, Rt 1, Box 682, Hopkinton,NH 03229. Tel. (603) 746-5606.


REVIEWING CHURCHILL EDITED BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON

The Second World War, Vol. 1, TheGathering Storm, Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company, 1948and London, Toronto, Melbourne,Sydney, Wellington: Cassell & Co.Ltd., 1948. {The Saturday ReviewOf Literature, 31:7, 19 June 1948,reviewed by Rebecca West.)

Mr. Churchill's account of theevents leading up to the SecondWorld War and its first awful year,which subjected us to ordeal bystagnancy, is a puzzling book. It isclear as crystal about everythingexcept the man who wrote it. Thatclarity, so far as it goes, is beyondprice, and we must thank heaventhat when it decided to complicateearthly affairs it provided a chroni-cler with the vitality to cope withthat complication. This is not tosay that Mr. Churchill's writingalways pleases. He is not nearly sogood at the style which Sir WalterScott called "the big bow-wow" ashe thinks he is. His rhetorical pas-sages seem, like the first Englishautomobiles, to be preceded by theman carrying a red flag. But in hisless flamboyant moods he is amaster.

He is without match in his gen-eration for his exquisitely felineportraits of his enemies. But Chur-chill is the leader of the Tory Party,and he is not going to make it loseface altogether, so though he givesBaldwin away entirely, and franklyreveals Neville Chamberlain's in-competence at certain periods, hepreserves certain reticences. Thisleads him at times into slight falis-fications of history.

But apart from partisan tender-ness, Mr. Churchill has served his-tory well. This book can be recom-mended to everybody who wants tokeep by them a handy record ofwhat happened between the end ofthe First World War and the begin-ning of the Second.

His literary gift enables him todescribe a certain manifestation soodd, so out of the run of reasonablelife, that it would defy a less ac-complished pen: the intrusion ofthe barbarians cherished and

chosen as emissaries by the Fascistpowers, into the familiar world ofordinary manners and. morals.Then, having shown how the pon-derables and imponderables made awar, Mr. Churchill takes on thetask of teaching the general readersomething of tactics and strategy.

But the whole book is puzzling.When it tells the story of theworld's progress to its second totalwar, it has to tell the story of Mr.Churchill's own life; and that pro-pounds a mystery. He is the mostable statesman of his time, and heforesaw the most dangerous threatto his time. Yet his political lifehas been a matter of shouting fromone to the other of the older politi-cal parties until he was thrown in-to the desert by the Tories for thebest part of a decade. He was madePrime Minister only when GreatBritain was in the extremest perilof death, and once he had avertedthat peril he was ejected from of-fice. It is a tragedy; for humanityproduces so little genius that itneeds to avail itself of all there is.

This volume indicates that someof Mr. Churchill's difficulties withhis colleagues may have been dueto his phenomenal egotism. Hewas inconsiderate of others andsurrounded himself with small-sized men, except for "Prof." Bald-win and Chamberlain excludedhim from the Cabinet because theythought he was displeasing to theelectorate. They were, in an im-mediate and personal sense, quitewrong. When the electorate seesMr. Churchill walking down thestreet or hears him over the radio,it likes him very much indeed. Itlikes his infantile contours, hisseveral optimistic and epicureanchins; the gusto with which hemunches his juicier phrases, par-ticularly if they cock a snook at hisenemies; his easy and beaming pos-session of the first requisite ofmanhood, courage; his rich solem-nity, which shows him aware butnot afraid of pain and death; hispreposterous clothes, which are ob-viously the cast-offs of a hippopota-

mus. The very sight of him sends acrowd into sudden, tender, familiarlaughter. Yet, as the polls show,the crowd is ambivalent. It loveshim, it distrusts him, it fears him.

England has always kept Win-ston Churchill because behind himthey see the towers and parks ofthe great houses which were thenerve centres of the old order,- inhim they fear the insolence whichwas the occupational disease ofthose who lived in the great houses.They suspect that, given his head,he will ride down the commonman. It is interesting to read TheGathering Storm with an eye onthe evidence it offers for andagainst this charge. There is somesupport for it in his views on cer-tain international matters. In hisestimate of the factors operating atthe end of the First World Warwhich caused the Second WorldWar he names the complete break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Em-pire. He remarks, quite inac-curately, that "there is not one ofthe peoples or provinces that con-stituted the Empire of the Haps-burgs to whom gaining their inde-pendence has not brought the tor-tures which ancient poets andtheologians have reserved for thedamned."

But he has a fine record as amaker of democratic England in hisvarious periods of office. He con-sulted socialist Beatrice Webb onstaffing the Labour Exchanges heset up. He wanted to abolish pov-erty; and other inequalities toowere his enemies.

We sigh in astonishment at thefools who year in, year out, keptout of power the man to whom weBritish owe our lives. But that isthe story told in the first volume.There are more volumes to come.Did the stopped clock tell the righttime then, too? Did the fools, withthe clairvoyance which is some-times given to compensate for fool-ishness, foresee Teheran, Yalta,Potsdam, indeed all the terriblematter that will have to be ex-plained in subsequent volumes?


WSC: A Remembrance

\ HURCHILL is dead, gone fromV> the world he saved. And theworld he saved, distracted still bythe flow and eddy of the aftermath,has not yet reckoned its debt tohim.

Perhaps that sum cannot be reck-oned up, so great it is. Our verytroubles of this time derive fromthat more nearly mortal evil thatChurchill fought and ended.

Are the emerging nations irri-tated and frustrated at what theytake to be survivals of the BritishRaj? Had it not been for Churchill,they would have been spared theirhurt feelings, for they would neverhave emerged at all.

Does Charles de Gaulle grow res-tive at the failure of the nations tosee his glory? The question wouldnot have arisen without Churchill

to fight for a France that had beencaptured.

Are Americans troubled with theproblems of the alliance? We'dhave been spared our troubles hadnot Churchill stood when all elsefell. It is hard and endless toachieve the unity of Europe? Therewas a European unity of slaveryand depravity designed to last athousand years. Because of Chur-chill it is no more.

The Russians themselves maycount their debt to that great man.Had England made its peace withevil, the Russian state would havedropped into the dark of history orhave become, in the extension ofthe Stalin-Hitler pact, the com-plete political expression of theworst shadows in Stalin's mind.

But Churchill did not fail. He

lived and spoke and fought, and soall of us live as we do.

In an age of progressive thought,he seemed an odd man to become ahero. He liked cigars and brandyand high cuisine. He believeddeeply in the virtue of royalty. Hebelieved in the British Empire, ingallantry, in chivalry. He believedin language and in the golden deedsof the English past. In an age thatwrote history in terms of socialmovements and philosophicalevolution, Churchill read historyas a glorious record of brave menand the things they did for theircountry.

He was old-fashioned and out ofdate. But when the hour struck itwas his alone. For the evil that rosein Germany was a timeless evil. Tomeet it required a cast of mindthat Churchill had, a dedicated in-nocence, a belief in battles and incourage. The monstrous Germanwar-gods came up from undermountains and brandished againtheir hammers and axes. Theirshadow of death spread through theheart of Europe, north to the polarice, south to the Sahara, over all ofFrance and paused for a moment atthe little strip of water beforeEngland.

In that moment Churchill spokeand his voice was like Roland'shorn at Roncesvalles. He broke thespell of the evil magician androused the world to fight for itsfreedom. Against the Wehrmacht'smechanical might, he had, for awhile, only the gallantry, thecourage, the spirit of his people.These old-fashioned virtues heldthe battle.

He saved the world and his worldat home replied by turning him outof office, for a new time had come.He said that he would not presideover the dissolution of the BritishEmpire, but it is dissolved and ithad to be dissolved. Yet whateverhope of freedom and dignity allmen have today, they owe in partto the last glorious fight of thatEmpire, and to its ability to bringforth, as its last gift, the man,Winston Churchill.

May angels attend him.

THE EVENING STARWASHINGTON DC, 25 JANUARY 1965

SUBMITTED BY DR. HERBERT GOLDBERGFELLOW OF ICS UNITED STATES


ENGLISH SPEAKING AGENDA

Statesmanship,Democracy and Churchill

Acceptance of the Churchill Award by SecretaryJack Kemp, Claremont Institute, 30 Nov. 1990

Ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to accept thefirst annual Winston Churchill StatesmanshipAward today, on what would be Sir Winston's116th birthday.

I love the Churchill story about the reporter whowas once kind enough to let a rising young politi-cian named Winston Churchill preview an upcom-ing article about his recent speech. At the end of along quotation from Churchill's remarks, the news-man had written the words "cheers" to describethe audience's reaction. Churchill scratched it out.The reporter was amazed by what he thought wasan unusual display of modesty, until Churchillwrote instead: "loud and prolonged applause."So if there are any reporters in the room tonight, I'dlike to have a word with you after the speech.

What a thrill it was for my wife and me to takeour 19-year-old son Jimmy to Chartwell lastsummer and spend several hours walking in thefootsteps of history. We also had the great privilegeof visiting the War Rooms in London where SirWinston charted the movements of great armies onthe wall maps, commanded the forces of Great Bri-tain, and spoke the courageous and inspired wordsthat rallied the British Isles and all the West in hisextraordinary radio broadcasts between 1940 and1945.

Churchill is not only the "Last Lion" and thegreatest leader of the 20th century, he was alsoamong the most visionary statesmen the world hasever known. Now that is quite a statement comingfrom a card carrying Reaganite who believes thatthe Nobel Peace Prize should have gone to RonaldReagan, not Mikhail Gorbachev.

This thrilling era of global change — of peacefuldemocratic revolutions following the sudden col-lapse of Soviet totalitarianism labeled by PresidentBush the "Revolution of 1989" — was anticipatedby Churchill over four decades ago. But more thanthat, I believe his postwar leadership helped lay thefoundation for the policies of deterrence andstrength that culminated in today's historic events.

Sir Winston's deep concern for Soviet repressionnever undermined his long-term optimism. More

Mr. Kemp is United States Secretary of Housingand Urban Development.


than 30 years back, when others thought SovietMarxism would eclipse the Western liberal demo-cracies, Churchill wrote: "As long as the free worldholds together . . . and maintains its strength,Russia will find that Peace and Plenty have more tooffer than exterminatory war . . . And it may wellbe if wisdom and patience are practiced thatOpportunity-for-All will conquer the minds . . . ofmankind."

To Churchill's mind, the passion for freedom andthe struggle for democracy were eternal and univer-sal. But great statesmanship would be required tomake that hope a reality. Of course, there were noguarantees that great statesmen would follow Chur-chill; but how fortunate for the world that twotremendous leaders, Ronald Reagan and MargaretThatcher, stepped forward to carry us to the pointwhere democracy and freedom are beginning totriumph over communism and totalitarianism.

But there is so much left to be done. Thechallenges of the post-Cold War world are as greatas this past century's challenges of defeatingfascism and communism.

I was fascinated by the press reports of MikhailGorbachev's visits to the United States recentlywhen he told his audience that the Cold War wasover, but went on to say it doesn't matter whowon.

Ladies and gentlemen, only a loser would say itdoesn't matter who won. It does matter; it mattersa great deal.

But it wasn't our military might alone that wonthe Cold War — it was the power of oxir ideas andour Western ideals.

A few short years ago, the communist dictator-ship and the socialist idea were supposed to be sopowerful that they were thought to be irreversible,unstoppable, inevitable, the most irresistible ideasof history. And not just by their dialectical pro-ponents, but even by many in the West. Apart froma few honorable exceptions such as Professor Jaffa'smany books, especially Crisis of the HouseDivided, and Greg Fossedal's book, The DemocraticImperative, leading political commentators haveshown little faith in democracy's ability to win thestruggle with totalitarianism and communism.

From Oswald Spengler's Decline of the West toWhittaker Chambers' Witness, from Jean FrancoisRevel's How Democracies Perish to Paul Kennedy'sRise and Fall of the Great Powers, democracy wastreated as almost an historical accident, a brief mo-ment in time even now in its twilight. Many pre-dicted that history would come to an end, in theHegelian sense, in a global Marxist empire. Well,the empire turned out to have no clothes!

Communism collapsed, enfeebled, ironically, byits own internal contradictions, and by thechallenge of the most powerful idea in history:freedom — Jefferson's self-evident truth that "allmen are created equal." The idea of communism,once thought to be the fuel igniting the fires of

" A D R O P O F W H A T Y O U F A N C Y . . . "Civil &. Military Gazette, Lahore, India, 17 July 1940

history, wound up instead on history's ash heap.This occasion has a special meaning for me, com-

ing as it does just two weeks after I had the greatprivilege of speaking at Gettysburg to commemo-rate the 127th anniversary of President Lincoln'smost famous address. On the eve of a new centuryand a new millennium when the prospects forfreedom and democracy have become so promising,it is fitting to pay tribute to the statesmanship ofthe two greatest champions of freedom and demo-cracy: Winston Churchill and Abraham Lincoln. Irecently read an early speech by Lincoln, and Iwould like to share a few of his words with you. Hesaid:

' 'If ever I feel the soul within me elevate and ex-pand to those dimensions not wholly unworthy ofits Almighty Architect, it is when I contemplate thecause of my country, deserted by all the world . . .and I standing boldly and alone and hurlingdefiance . . . "

Well, Sir Winston himself could not have spokenmore audacious words; yet these are the words of a30-year old Abraham Lincoln concerned about thethreat to American democracy.

Winston Churchill and Abraham Lincoln sharedall the rare qualities of great statesmen. Both werefiery voices for the principles of freedom, rallyingtheir nations to preserve and advance the cause ofliberty. Both did stand practically alone in defeat aspolitical winds shifted — Lincoln losing his Con-gressional seat, losing the Senate race, believing hehad lost the White House in 1864 — and Churchilllosing his Cabinet post over the Dardanelles, losinghis House of Commons seat in 1922, and enteringwhat Martin Gilbert has called his ' 'WildernessYears," the decade from 1929 to 1939.

But rather than shift with the winds of political

opinion, both Lincoln and Churchill compelled thewinds to turn back.

In the end, no two leaders have ever been so suc-cessful after such ignominious defeat. Their victorywas not just winning elections. Their supremeachievement was to save democracy from thestrongest challenges ever mounted. Both gavefuture generations everywhere the opportunity tolive in freedom.

It is difficult for some to remember that in thedecade before World War II, Winston Churchill wasrelegated to the back benches of the House of Com-mons. Many of his peers considered him an oldman whose career had failed. They believed timehad passed him by. During these years in theWilderness, even before Adolf Hitler came topower, Churchill was warning of the dangers ofdisarmament in the face of what he alone perceivedto be a growing German threat. Dogged by an unfairreputation for recklessness after the first WorldWar, Churchill found it difficult to gain a hearing.In speech after speech in the House of Commons,members of all political parties denounced him as awarmonger, an alarmist — a provocateur.

Far from being a warmonger, Churchill was infact the earliest advocate of "peace throughstrength." He spent six lonely years determined toinform the British people about the growing threatof Nazi rearmament and aggression and repeatedlychallenged the government's policies of appease-ment and weakness. He openly disputed the govern-ment's figures on the balance between British andGerman military strength. He insistently demandedthe creation of a Ministry of Supply. He bluntlyasked whether Britain was doing all it could to de-fend democracy.

' 'We must recognize that we have a great treasureto guard," Churchill said two years before Munich."The inheritance in our possession represents theprolonged achievement of the centuries . . . there isnot one of our simple uncounted rights today forwhich better men than we are have not died on thescaffold or the battlefield. We have not only a greattreasure; we have a great cause."

The tragedy of Munich marked the turning pointfor Great Britain and for Winston Churchill'spolitical future. The policies of weakness and ap-peasement followed by Ramsay MacDonald, StanleyBaldwin, and Neville Chamberlain failed. TheNazis marched through Czechoslovakia . . . Poland. . . Scandinavia . . . the Low Countries . . . androlled through France to the very gates of Paris injust 40 days. Malevolent eyes turned on Britain.

In this dark hour, a desperate Britain summonedChurchill to lead the nation in war. The Wilder-ness Years were over. The battle of France hadended. The Battle of Britain had begun.

Now in charge of the entire scene, Churchillrecorded that he "slept soundly and had no need forcheering dreams."

' 'I felt as if I were walking with Destiny,'' he


said, "and that all my past life had been but apreparation for this hour and for this trial . . . I wassure I would not fail."

Three weeks into Churchill's government —while British forces were evacuating at Dunkirk —Mussolini offered to mediate between Britain andGermany. Germany would get the Continent; Bri-tain would get independence . . . to be assured byHitler. Some in the War Cabinet favored openingtalks. They believe Britain could win better termsbefore the attack that was sure to come. Churchillwas vehemently opposed.

When the meeting was opened to the entireCabinet, Churchill gave an impassioned speech. Hiswrath grew with every word, words that pouredforth relentlessly, hurled down like thunderbolts.' 'Nations which went down fighting rose again,'' hetold his Ministers, ' 'but those which surrendertamely are finished."

The stunned Cabinet erupted in applause. In afew minutes of powerful reasoning, Churchillturned uncertainty into resolve, apprehension intodetermination, fear into hope — and, with it, a neardefeat into an eventual triumph. Ladies and gentle-men, that is what great leadership is all about.

Speaking of Churchill's power over his Ministers,one Member, Leo Amery, remarked that ' 'no oneever left his Cabinet without feeling himself abraver man."

Only the unwavering optimism of a Churchillcould have inspired Britain and the West to fighton. He believed profoundly that freedom is vital tohuman nature and mankind would never let it becrushed.

Listen to his words as war threatened to engulfthe British Isles and fear had displaced hope. SirWinston said: "These are not dark days: these aregreat days — the greatest days our country has everlived; and we must all thank God that we havebeen allowed, each of us according to our stations,to play a part in making these days memorable inthe history of our race."

What was it that ultimately sustained him oversix long decades of public life in triumph and intragedy — in the first World Crisis following theDardanelles, throughout the Wilderness Years, dur-ing the War Years, after his defeat in 1945? Presi-dent Kennedy talked of his courage; Field MarshalMontgomery spoke of his domination; PresidentEisenhower said it was his defiance; Lord Beaver-brook mentioned his ambition; President Reagancredited his optimism; Clement Attlee called itluck.

Yes, all these attributes marked the essentialcharacter of Winston Churchill. But in the end, Ibelieve the anchor of his being was a profound faithin the overpowering force of ideas. Not just anyideas — Churchill's was a deeply held commitmentto freedom and democracy, ideas which ennoble thelong story of Britain, ideas extending from theMagna Carta to the America's Declaration "that all

men are created equal,'' ideas which he believedwere an eternal promise to transform the world formen and women everywhere.

From statesmen of Churchill's rank, lessons canbe learned that apply to nearly every political situa-tion. What can we learn from him in our new post-Cold War era?

There is a debate raging on the right, where mostinteresting debates now take place: How involvedshould the U.S. be in the world now that the SovietEmpire is shrinking and aggression is waning? Whatshould our stance be in a post-Cold War world thatis unipolar rather than bipolar or multipolar?

Some want to turn inward since there are nogreat threats to our national security. Some say"Come home, America!" Others believe we mustcontinue an activist, forward-based strategy ofspreading the global democratic imperative offreedom and opportunity for all; and that spreadingdemocracy and entrepreneurial capitalism is amoral as well as a political necessity.

Only a few months ago, probably about as manypeople had heard of Kuwait or knew where it is ona map, as had heard in 1935 of Abyssinia or knewwhere it was. Churchill, still out of power, sawMussolini moving into Abyssinia. With typicalforesight, he asked, ' 'Who is to say what will comeof it in a year, or two, or three . . . with Germanyarming at breakneck speed, England lost in apacifist dream, France corrupt and torn by dissen-sion, America remote and indifferent . . . "

The Western democracies did nothing to stopMussolini in Abyssinia. Then Hitler took theRhineland, the Anschluss followed, then theSudetenland, then Prague, then Poland, and PearlHarbor. The world, supposedly liberated from globalthreats only twenty years before, once againplunged into war. But Kuwait — that was different.

America must do more than just stand againstsomething. America's mission is to stand foisomething, to be that "city on a hill," as PresidentReagan said.

When the American colonies broke away fromBritain, Jefferson, Adams, and the founders pub-lished the immortal Declaration of Independence.Isn't it remarkable that they did not begin withwhat they were against? The Declaration's storybegins by stating what America is for. we are foithe idea that all men are created equal. We are foithe natural rights of all human beings. We are foigovernment by consent of the governed.

America's mission to the world did not end whencommunism ended. Our mission is ongoing. It wasrecognized by Sir Winston in his "Sinews of Peace"speech, inscribed in the words on this wonderfulaward. Our mission is to continue to tell the worldthat we are foi the freedom and human rights of allmen and women, for all time — and to do every-thing we can to transform the ancient dream andhope of freedom into a democratic realityeverywhere. And with God's help, we will. •


Reviews: An Interesting SpringThe Churchill Television Epic;

Frederick Woods' Latest Book About Books;David Jablonsky on Churchill and Total War

- ® V C l l l i r e f i i l 1 '" TbeGreat') Game andi Total Wai'

ICS Book Svc offers "Churchill: A Life" $25, "Artillery ofWords" $30, "Great Game" $28 (see p25)

Churchill: A BBC Television Documentary

By Martin Gilbert. Produced by the British Broadcast-ing Corp., aired in England on BBC-TV and in theUSA on the Arts &. Entertainment Cable Network.Videocassettes available in the USA at approximately$60; inquire with A&E Network.

by Dorothy Rabinowitz

Anytime is a good time to think on the life andcareer of Winston Churchill. Still, the arrival of a newdocumentary on the British leader did come at awrenchingly auspicious time — smack in the middleof election campaigns here and in England. One needonly to think of the depressing assortment of presi-dential candidates both in and out of office whowould be pitiable to behold judged against almost anymeasure. Imagine what it feels like to be confrontedat this hour with memories of Winston Churchill.

It feels, in fact, terrific, for as long as it lasts. Chur-chill's official biographer, Martin Gilbert, was thechief source, writer and narrator of this four-part filmshown on the A&E Network in April and earlier inBritain by the BBC. Historically comprehensive andfact-packed, though with a lyricism its subject wouldhave appreciated, this is above all a work of biog-raphy, with a story that begins at the beginning. Andthat beginning — as earlier biographies haven'tshown in anything like this vivid detail — was adismally lonely and neglected one. His mother andfather, who led busy social lives, apparently had notime to spare for their son, who was, like mostchildren of the upper classes, packed off to boardingschool at seven. His parents did not come even ondays like Speech Day, when most of the other boys'parents arrived.

Ms. Rabinowitz is Leisure & Arts columnist for TheWall Street Journal. Mr. Nixon, is a member of, andDr. Mazansky director of, ICS/New England.

The letters home, in which young WinstonLeonard Spencer Churchill pleaded for a visit or evena letter, tell the tale. To his mother, the boy wrote,' 'If you have not time to write, darling mummy, youmight telegraph. That takes very little time."Another letter begged, ' 'I am so wretched . . . pleasedo, do, do, come to your loving son." In a 1960s inter-view, aired here, Churchill's son Randolph recallsthat when he was sixteen and home from school,Churchill stopped, pensively, and marveled that theyhad talked more during this school holiday than hisown father had done with him in his entire life. Still,the mother who wouldn't visit the schoolboy whenhe yearned for her became a passionate advocate andcampaigner when WSC later stood for election.

Part one reveals much about Churchill's earlypolitical life and attitudes. As a youthful homesecretary, Churchill was not a great friend of the suf-fragettes, and no less an authority than the son of thefamous suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst is here toverify it. So unhappy were the suffragettes withWinston Churchill that one of them tried to push himunder the wheels of a train, and was prevented fromdoing so only by a timely smack from an umbrella,wielded by Mrs. Winston Churchill. His attitudestoward female voters would soon change — espe-cially, his daughter Mary notes, when he discoveredhow many of them voted for him.

The film abounds in wry recollections of this sortgleaned from the family or those who worked withhim. One of them recalls how, as Chancellor of theExchequer, Churchill would sit through meetingswith finance specialists and bankers and, when theywere over, would ask an aide to tell him what had justhappened in there. Confronted with the terminologyof bankers and economists, this master of Englishprose was adrift. Mr. Gilbert extracts sharp memoriesfrom a succession of Churchill's former secretaries.These provide reflections heavily steeped in affectionand awe, but they can also reveal an ever-so-slighttouch of pique that still lingers after fifty years.

One aged woman recalls that Churchill was utterlypreoccupied with his work and the most self-involvedman she had ever met. "I was no more to him," shemuses, "than a fountain pen." [This is PhyllisForbes, nee Moir, author of "I Was Winston Chur-chill's Private Secretary" (1941, Redburn A39). Shewas on the job only briefly and gets, we think,altogether too much attention. -Ed.] In due time, for-tunately, Churchill changed secretaries, and he ap-parently wore out a lot of them in his long career.


Only someone who has amassed as much bio-graphical data as Mr. Gilbert has could have producedthis sort of detail. There are some memorable photo-graphs, including an amusingly intimate one of avacationing Churchill about to push off from the topof a water slide, looking like nothing so much as anaged and balding baby. He was mad for animals all hislife, and though this is not prime among the reasonsthe civilized world honors him, it is a rich source ofanecdote. Mr. Gilbert makes the most of it, thoughone former secretary does tend to go on a bit about thetime a kitten took it into its head to bite the primeminister's toe as he was lying in bed, causing him toleap up and shout, "Get off you fool!" — to the sur-prise of a general (Alanbrooke) who was just then talk-ing to the PM on the telephone. Another former aiderecalls finding him in bed poring over urgent statepapers, with his dog on one side, a cat on the otherand a pet bird perched on his head.

The familiar story of Churchill's effort to wakenEngland to the threat of Nazism, and of his ascensionto power in 1940, seems far less familiar thanks tofresh detail. One Labour MP recalls that even at theeleventh hour, some Conservatives wanted to replaceNeville Chamberlain with the arch appeaser LordHalifax. And that was, the MP says, like ' 'getting ridof the organ grinder to put in the monkey." Informed

by Prime Minister Reynaud that the French armieswere beaten, Churchill rushed to France in disbelief,so inconceivable was it to him that the French wouldsimply capitulate to the Germans. The leaders ofFrance, of course, did not find the prospect so in-conceivable.

The-film chronicles Churchill's desperate effort towin Franklin Roosevelt's support at a time when the"America First" enemies of the war against Nazismwere numerous and loud. One of these, writer RuthBenedict, appears on camera still seething righ-teously after all these years to tell how she had hatedChurchill and all he stood for, and wanted himdropped in the sea. This nicely evocative momentunderscores how little difference there is between the"America First" isolationism of the '40s and its '90scounterpart.

The war ended and Winston Churchill went on tograpple with the new realities — the Soviet dictators,a powerless England. No film treatment of Chur-chill's postwar career has ever been rendered so fullyas Mr. Gilbert has done here. The ending of this ex-traordinary life is as meticulously detailed as itsbeginning. We follow Churchill to the last breath ashe completes his remarkable journey, forgetting for afew blessed moments the political pygmies whofollowed so drearily in his wake.

Artillery of Words: The Writings of Winston Churchill

By Frederick Woods. London: Leo Coopei, 1992. 184pages. Published at £17.50 Available to Friends of ICSat $30 plus shipping (see page 25).

by John P. Nixon, Jr.

Frederick Woods' Bibliography of the Works of SirWinston Churchill vies with the official biographyamong Churchill book collectors as the most likelycandidate for the proverbial desert island; despite thefact that it hasn't been updated in two decades,' 'Woods" remains an essential tool. Any new book bythe same author on Churchill's writings is of imme-diate interest, but Artillery of Words is a curious com-bination: an apologia for the earlier Bibliography andan uneven, one-dimensional critique of Churchill'swritings.

An immediate impression is that Artillery waswritten primarily to gain credence for the author'spioneering but now outdated and widely correctedBibliography. The efforts of various people, notablyin these pages, to correct and update the latter are ig-nored. For example, Woods uses the original pub-lished production figures for the Malakand (refuted inFinest Hour #54), ignores the American issues of Mr.Brodrick's Army and For Free Trade, the reissue ofLiberalism and the Social Problem, and repeatsseveral other errors such as assigning white instead ofblue wrappers to the War Speeches. Indeed, he rattleshis sabre at the Colonials in the preface, by remarking

that the American The Second World War ranking asthe true first edition was "contrived only by pre-mature publication."

This nit picking aside, Artillery should rightfullybe compared to Manfred Weidhorn's Sword and Pen(Albuquerque: 1974, Redburn A316), considered bymany to be the best critique on WSC's writings todate.

Artillery is a narrative using many excerpts fromChurchill's writings and correspondence, trying toshow how he used his books "as weapons, as politicaltools, not necessarily as models of objective accu-racy." As an example, Woods cites The River War:only the two-volume first edition contains the politi-cal passages criticizing the establishment (Kitchener),according to Woods. Once Churchill had made hispoint and was elected to Parliament, these passageswere deleted from the 1902 and subsequent editionsas they were no longer relevant.

Sword and Pen, on the other hand, is much moreintrospective and broader in scope: Churchill's"temperament, background and experiences exam-ined on how they influenced his writings" was thegoal expressed by Weidhorn. Churchill's style ofwriting was also considered by Weidhorn, but not byWoods. Although Sword and. Pen is sixty percentlonger than Artillery of Words, excerpts of Chur-chill's writings are used sparingly and only when rele-vant, not as filler material.

While Sword flows neatly from decade to decade,Artillery lumps subject titles together (all the speech


volumes in one chapter, for instance), which breaksthe continuity and dismisses the influence of vastlydifferent periods in the author's life. It is thereforemore difficult to follow, jumping from one timeperiod to another, especially with Woods' desire toadd historical data (dates, copies sold, etc.)

Woods deviates from his reporting of facts with anin-depth essay on Marlborough. He appears to be wellschooled on this subject and is rather critical of Chur-chill for engaging in "exaggeration, bias, double talk"in trying to vindicate Marlborough. He also accusesChurchill of a ' 'blatant powerplay instead of seekingout the truth . . . deliberate distortion in presentinghis case, pleading his cause." Weidhorn is less vocif-erous in his criticism of Churchill, but both authorscome to the same conclusion that Marlborough waswritten first and foremost as a vindication. Despitethe criticisms, both Woods and Weidhorn claim thisto be Churchill's finest work.

Woods and Weidhorn do not come to the same con-clusions on other works. The Boer War volumes arecalled "failures" by Weidhorn, but "amongst his bestworks" by Woods. The World Crisis, according toWoods, is "a personal apologia . . . some of WSC'sfinest writing, illuminated and inspired by hisdetestation of modern warfare." Weidhorn does notshare these conclusions and calls the volumes "animperfect work." He prefers The Second World Warto The World Crisis, while Woods dismisses thiswork with four pages of copy, stating that it was writ-ten with "a retinence that obscured the actualdetails" due to "a desire not to offend living per-sonalities."

Woods also likes My Early Life, "an essentiallylightweight but sunny delight" which was written tokeep Churchill in the public eye in spite of his lowerpolitical profile. A History of the English-SpeakingPeoples is described as a "worthy swan song." Weid-horn agrees with My Early Life as "slight and super-ficial in some ways" and rates HESP just afterMarlborough in order of composition. Both rateSavrola as a failure. Neither has subjected Churchill'snovel to the intense light of Patrick Powers, whocalled Savrola "Churchill's Premier Literary Work"in the last issue of Finest Hour.

The most interesting — and sure to be most contro-versial — section of Woods' book is a five-page appen-dix where he accuses Churchill of being an activepartner in a ghostwriting scheme which resulted in"conning the public [and] defrauding the editors ofthe journals concerned, who paid Churchillian feesfor the work of an unknown hack." The writings inquestion were some of the "pot boilers" of the 1930s,written for Colliers and other periodicals, such asDictators on Dynamite and Germany Wants A PlaceIn the Sun, allegedly written by one A. MarshallDiston, a socialist, staff member of the AmalgamatedPress, and editor of Answers.

Woods' conclusions are based upon correspondencein the Official Biography, Companion Vol. 5 Parts 2& 3. The footnote references are missing, unfortu-

nately, and one must be most persistent to find therelevant letters, as Gilbert's indexing is quite inade-quate, to put it mildly.

Eddie Marsh is also accused of performing ghost-writing services for Churchill, although the evidenceis less convincing: although Marsh wrote some draftsof 5000 and more words, they were revised by Chur-chill before being returned to Marsh for grammarchecks, etc.

Woods' accusations are pretty strong stuff. If Chur-chill was truly involved in such a scheme, a casecould be made against "using" Marsh, a longtimecolleague, confidente and proofreader. But why anobscure player like Diston, and a socialist no less?There must be more correspondence than what ap-pears in the Companion Volumes, if Woods' deduc-tions are correct. No mention of this matter wasmade by Weidhorn, but it is interesting to note thatChurchill's speech of 24 May 1952 (per Colville'sdiaries, quoted by Gilbert) was the first time in fiftyyears writing that Churchill had let anyone write aspeech for him . . .

Woods summarizes Churchill as a writer who"could never summon up the necessary detachmentto become a truly great historian," thereby missing afairly colossal point: Churchill was primarily a politi-cian with a gift for writing. He wrote to survive, liv-ing as he said ' 'from mouth to hand,'' never claimingthat his books were "history," rather "a contribu-tion to history." The singular quality that madeChurchill's books so readable and popular was thefact that he wrote from personal involvement in greataffairs. Drawing conclusions similar to Woods',Weidhorn stated that the "shallowness of the themesand the spottiness of their interrelation keeps Chur-chill from the first rank of writers." Publishers whomade him the highest paid writer of his time musthave seen other qualities in WSC.

Despite a number of similarities in conclusions,there is much less meat in Woods' new effort com-pared with Weidhorn's eighteen-year-old one. As aresult, Artillery of Words does not warrant a place inevery Churchill library, but is indeed worth morethan a cursory glance.

Churchill, The Great Game and Total War

By David Jablonsky. London and Portland, Oregon:Frank CassLtd., 1991. 238pages. Published at £27.50in UK and $35 in USA. ICS New Book Service has twocopies left at $28.

by Dr. Cyril Mazansky

The two key words in the title of this interestingand refreshingly different book, Game and Total, pro-vide insight into the basis for the major theses:the use of espionage and the involvement of entirepopulations in the wars of the twentieth century.

continued on page 18 . . .


WOODS CORNERAddenda, corrigenda and discussions concerning the Woods Bibliography of the Works of Sir Winston Churchill

"Those Damned Dots":Book-of-the-Month Club Editions

Variants of The Second World War American EditionBY RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

"You can easily tell a Book-of-the-Month Club edition of TheGathering Stoim: the top pageedges are not stained and there areno headbands" . . . "Book ClubEditions of The Birth of Britainhave dust jackets which state,'Book-of-the-Month Club Selec-tion' " . . . "All copies of Blood,Sweat and Tears bound in red clothare BOMC editions. . . . "

All these statements are regularlymade about three of Churchill'smost popular works. All are widelybelieved and accepted by librarians,dealers and collectors. And all areincontrovertibly wrong.

Lord Randolph Churchill wouldhave been a much happier Chan-cellor of the Exchequer if it had notbeen "for those damned dots."Churchill bibliophiles feel thesame way. Lord Randolph was re-ferring to the decimal points thatbefuddled him on Treasury docu-ments; book collectors refer to thesmall debossed "dot" on the lowerrighthand corner of the rear board,which is said invariably to indicatea Book-of-the-Month Club edition.The problem is that the BOMC"dot" isn't always there — or notalways easily discernible — eventhough the book in question is in-dubitably a BOMC edition. Con-trariwise, books that bear many in-dications of Book-of-the-Monthorigin are in fact trade editions,some of them even first editions.And that is a headache.

The "dot" isn't the only indica-tion of a BOMC copy, however,and the purpose of this "WoodsCorner" is to enable Churchillbook collectors to discern BOMCfrom trade editions with a fair

chance of accuracy. (While we dealhere almost exclusively with theBook-of-the-Month Club issues,many of our guidelines can be ap-plied as well to Literary Guild andother book club issues.)

Let it be understood that I haveno complaint with the Book-of-the-Month Club, the LiteraryGuild or other book clubs. Lordknows, mankind should do morereading. By offering inexpensivereprints of popular books, clubsmake a mammoth contribution tothe fight against Prime Time — aswell as to authors' pocketbooks.True, many a bookseller has in-vested in first edition remaindersof a good title — only to see thebottom drop out as a BOMC issueappears. But in the long run, theBook-of-the-Month Club serves apositive function. Our problem asbibliophiles and Churchill special-ists is to decode the varied charac-teristics of BOMC versus trade edi-tions.

The Black Spot"Ye've done it now, George Merry,

'aven't ye2. Ye've flipped me theblack spot," — Long John Silver

If you sell or buy old books, youare probably familiar with certainBook-of-the-Month attributes. Themost common rule of thumb isthat all BOMCs carry a small spotor dot on the lower righthand cor-ner of the back board — usuallydebossed, sometimes colored,most often black. If it has the spotit's BOMC, goes the theory. Nospot means trade edition.

Not necessarily.There are plenty of examples of

BOMC Churchill selections withno sign of the debossed dot.Whether this is because of a poorimpression on heavy or coarsecloths like buckram, or becausesomeone forgot, or because severalbinderies were used and one didnot deboss the dot, I am not sure.Exhibit A in this case is WinstonChurchill's wartime bestseller, thecompilation of his 1940 speechesentitled, Blood, Sweat and Tears.

For many years Churchill spe-cialists had offered the red clothedition of BSlkT as a first edition,considering it to be a different stateor issue of the conventional Put-nam first edition in blue cloth. In-dubitably there was a "dot" in theusual place on the red-bound copy— but because of the texture of thecloth it was rarely noticed. Titlepages were identical, and as perPutnam's practice, there was no"First Edition" imprint on the titlepage verso.

Fastidious booksellers noticedone difference: the blue copieswere bound by Van Rees, the redsby the Haddon Craftsmen. Thisshould have been a clue, since Had-don Craftsmen were one of Book-of-the-Month Club's chief binders.Indeed in this case, their Blood,Sweat and Tears is more hand-somely bound than the first tradeedition.

The truth emerged finally whensufficient jacketed copies were ex-amined to verify that the red copy'sjacket flap carried a BOMC logo,while the blue copy's jacket flapcarried a price. Booksellers thenknew the difference at a glance —until someone discovered that athird trade impression had been


16.00

j k SccmiWoiUWar*

THE

fatheringStorm

Winston S. Churchill

This book w unique. No greatitateiman of our time has had mch acommand of the English language.Few have had inch a grasp of historyor played so large a part in making it.

Mr. Churchill, throughout his ca-reer, preserved every scrap of signifi-cant material for the books he knewhe would eventually wrile. Everyorder that lie issued, every memoran-dum or personal telegram, was imme-diately set up in type, printed, andfiled. "I dnubt," he jays, "whether

enisled."

Continued on back flap

BLOOD, SWEAT,AND TEARS

hTHE RT. HON. WINSTON 5. CHURCHILL

O H . , M.P.

RANDOLPH S. CIIUBCEHLt. Ur.

0. P. rilTNAK". SONS

B0OK-0M1IE-M0NTH CLUB' SELECTION

*

THE

fatheringStorm

Winston S. Churchill

had such a command of the Englishlanguage as Winston S. Churchill. Fewhave had such a grasp of history orplayed so large a part in making it.Throughout his career Churchill pre-served every scrap of significant ma-terial for the books he knew he wouldeventually write. Every order he issued,every memorandum or personal tele-gram, was immediately set up in type,printed, and filed. "I doubt," he says,"whether any similar record exist! or

It is no wonder that when it wasannounced that he would wrile thehistory of the Second World War there

and excitement caused by no other

continued on back flop

•TnJc-Miik of BooWllwMonlk d J>. lac.

Above: jacket flapsof trade (left) andBOMC issues ofWW2 memoirs.Left: title page ofBlood, Sweat, andTears is identicalon trade andBOMC editions.

bound in red cloth by Van Rees!This is a color reverse of the nor-mal trade edition in blue clothwith red spine bands. While dis-tinctly different from the redBOMC issue, it adds an extra noteof confusion.

We should note that not all bookclub volumes are distinguished bya circular dot on the lower right-hand corner of the rear boards. TheLiterary Guild edition of WilliamManchester's Churchill biographyThe Last Lion, for example, carriesa small debossed maple leaf. Thishas nothing to do with eitherCanada or the publishers. It is theGuild's way of saying this is one oftheirs — even though the title pageverso also proclaims it the "FirstAmerican Edition."

The Speckled Band"There it is! Don't you see it,

Watson? The Band — theSpeckled Band!''—Sherlock Holmes

It is easy for a specialist in oneauthor to tell you to comparevolumes, less easy to do so if youdon't share his specialty. Never-theless it is useful to know —

though this is by no means univer-sal — that Book-of-the-MonthClub issues tend not to carry head-bands (the small bits of rolled clothprotecting the page gatherings atthe top and bottom of the pagesunder the spine), and tend not tohave stained top page edges. Asusual, exceptions to these rules arelegion.

In the case of Churchill's twomost popular works, The SecondWorld War and A History of theEnglish-Speaking Peoples, I rely onthis rule, sometimes to my peril.There was so much demand for thefirst several volumes of S. W. W.that Houghton Mifflin was forcedto use several different printers andbinders. Though they are not de-tailed in the Woods Bibliography,these variations have been chartedherewith. Yet I have seen only oneof these first editions that did notcarry stained top page edges and(speckled red and yellow) head-bands. The oddball, by the way, isnot saleable, since it doesn't matchany of the rest.

True first editions of DoddMead's History of the English-Speaking Peoples carry red top pageedges and blue and yellow head-bands in every example I haveencountered. English-SpeakingPeoples did not have the samemultitude of printers and bindersas The Second World War. Thereare several distinct first editionvariants, but all of them carryheadbands and stained top pageedges. Furthermore, a verso claimto be the "First Edition" is notnecessarily valid.

The Blatant Impostei"After all, what is a lie7.

'Tis but the truth in masquerade."— — Byron

We come now to the chief snareby which BOMC editions nab un-suspecting booksellers by mas-querading as firsts: They duplicate,often in precise detail, the exactform of the first edition's title pageand verso.

One such example is LordMoran's presumptuous and inac-curate but high-selling doctor'sdiary, Churchill I The Struggle ForSurvival, published in 1966. Ob-servers will find that the versos ofboth the first edition and the Book-

of-the-Month Club issue containthe line, ' 'First American Edition.''Likewise, the title pages of bothversions contain the date at thebottom — a sure sign, according toall the sources, of a true HoughtonMifflin first edition.

The more experienced will notethat there are, however, differences:Moran's first edition carries theline, "first printing" and the codeletter " C " on its title page verso,while the BOMC version omitsthis line and bears the code letter"W." Unfortunately such detailstend to escape many of us.

The true first is, however, easilyidentified without even crackingthe cover. All BOMC issues con-tain a clear "dot" on the backboards as usual; and, while theBOMC issue also exhibits stainedtop page edges, it does not carryheadbands. The first edition hasboth, and no dot.

A more difficult example is TheGathering Storm, Churchill's firstvolume of The Second World War— the Churchill title subject to themost printing and binding varia-tions. Again, both the BOMC issueand the first edition carry HoughtonMifflin's title page date. Here,though, there is nothing on the ver-sos to allow us to distinguish onefrom the other.

It is true that in the examplesshown, the first edition wasprinted by The Riverside Presswhile the BOMC edition wasprinted (as usual) by the HaddonCraftsmen. But I have found firsteditions also printed by Haddon,and am told that there exist BOMCeditions printed by Riverside! Thatmethod of distinguishing the two,which works so well for Blood,Sweat and Tears, is inappropriatehere.

One more confusion: just asHoughton Mifflin omits the titlepage date from all later trade im-pressions, the Book-of-the-MonthClub (which had several printings)does likewise. For years I used thetitle page date as a sure sign of afirst edition — until a client re-turned half a set pointing out thedifferences.

How then does one tell true firstsof this title from BOMC firsts?Well, none of the hundreds ofBOMC copies I have examinedcarry headbands, though one or


two firsts also lack headbands. NoBOMC copies carry stained toppage edges — but at least onevariant first edition also lacksthem.

The seasoned Churchill special-ist clinches the question by thecolor of the binding: a distinct pinkfor BOMC, brick red for trade edi-tions.

A Jacket Can Warn You"Peter lost his jacket, whichMr. MacGiegoz made into a

scarecrow. " — Beatrix Potter

I have left until last the questionof dust jackets. Obviously there aredifferences between trade andBOMC jackets,- just as obviously,jackets get lost. And there is nosurety that the jacket on a givenbook is original. Most of them are,of course — so if you are sure thatjacket and book are mates, thereare some useful rules, and also onepitfall.

No Book-of-the-Month Clubjacket that I have ever seen carriesa price. While most trade jacketsdo, they have often been snippedoff. But BOMC jackets also tend tocarry tag lines, trademarks andlogos which plainly announcewhat they are. Most BOMC jacketsI have seen for both The SecondWorld War and A History of theEnglish-Speaking Peoples carry astock number on the lower part ofthe spine — but this is not a fastrule.

A printed price on one of theflaps ought to be decent assuranceof a trade jacket, while any BOMCimprint or logo obviously indicatesa BOMC jacket — or does it? I offerthis exception as evidence that youcan never be quite sure of any-thing, and with the expectationthat other exceptions must exist:

It seems that the English-Speaking Peoples was selected as aBook-of-the-Month even before itstrade publication date: in celebra-tion of which Dodd, Mead appliedthe line, "Book-of-the-Month ClubSelection" to every front flap ofevery trade jacket including firsteditions! The result, years later, isthat many people tend to dismissperfectly good first editions on thesupposition that they are BOMCs.

If you follow the basic rules youwill not be confused. Trade jackets

all contain a price. Even if the priceis snipped off, they certainly do notcarry a BOMC trademark notifica-tion, as do most BOMC jackets,although they may pronouncethemselves BOMC selections.(The English Edition of Blood,Sweat and Tears, entitled IntoBattle, carries a jacket statement"Book Society Choice," but noseparate Book Society issue isknown to exist.)

The widespread notion thatevery BOMC edition is worthlesshas prevented a good many fineworks from reaching appreciativehands. A bookseller friend appallsme by admitting that he feedsBOMC Churchills to his woodstove. Surely there are places —hospitals, veterans groups, nursinghomes, small-town libraries —where BOMC works by greatauthors may find a home?

Furthermore, certain BOMC edi-tions are highly collectible. I havementioned the Haddon Crafts-men's Blood, Sweat and Tears,beautifully bound, debossed withthe author's Coat of Arms, letteredin blue and gilt on red buckram,and equipped with headbands andstained top page edges.

A yet better example is the re-cent "Chartwell Edition" of TheSecond World War, luxuriouslybound in half-leather with Chur-chill's painting of his home tippedonto the top boards — the finestedition yet published in America.This highly collectible work wasproduced by Houghton Mifflinspecifically as a BOMC premium— you received a set for only $35postpaid, by signing the usualminimum purchase agreement forfour or five future BOMC selec-tions.

To qualify this special edition asa "selection," Houghton Mifflinproduced a couple of hundred tradeeditions — priced at $295. Theonly difference, mind you, is thatthe latter carry yellow rather thanorange stained top page edges, andno BOMC "dot" on the rear board.Since most people felt that $260 isa lot to pay for a dotless back cover,the publishers quickly dumpedthese, but the BOMC edition iscommon, since hundreds of Chur-chill collectors joined the club toget their set.

Apparently, a few sets of the

trade edition have hit the second-hand field, as they are occasion-ally quoted to me. They have beenslowly rising in value through theirluxurious appearance and scarcity,but the BOMC version is equallycollectible.

It seems, though, that no BOMCedition can exist without causingconfusion. This one is often mis-taken for the English ChartwellEdition, published in 1956!

Conclusions"A few strong instincts, and a

few plain rules. " — Wordsworth

There are not enough hard andfast rules absolutely to distinguishevery BOMC issue from its firstedition counterpart. But enoughgeneral characteristics do exist,and Churchill specialists can soonamplify these with distinct obser-vations within their own area ofexpertise. Follow these simpledirections and mix carefully, butunder no circumstances blendBOMC issues with your trade edi-tion sets:

1. Virtually every BOMC edi-tion carries (or once carried) a"dot" or mark, usually debossed,on the lower righthand corner ofthe back board. Through age or theconsistency of the cloth, however,these marks may be difficult or im-possible to see.

2. BOMC issues are usuallycheapened in some way from tradeeditions by, for example, omittingheadbands or using unstained in-stead of stained top page edges, orcheaper bindings. Nevertheless,some BOMC volumes exist withall these characteristics.

3. BOMC issues usually, butnot always, differ in some wayfrom firsts on their title page or itsverso. However, the inscription"First Edition" on either face is noguarantee of a true first. It mayequally refer to the first Book-of-the-Month edition.

4. BOMC jackets never containprices and usually contain BOMCtrademarks or credit lines. How-ever, a line stating that the book isa "BOMC Selection" does notnecessarily mean that it is a BOMCjacket.

5. BOMC jackets sometimes,but not always, contain a stocknumber on their spines. •

RNESTHOUR75, PAGE 16

Variants of The Second World War.Houghton Mifflin U.S. Edition

The amazing demand in theUnited States for the writings ofChurchill required both the tradepublisher, Houghton Mifflin inBoston, and the Book-of-the-Month Club in Camp Hill, Penn-sylvania, to contract with four dif-ferent manufacturers to meet de-mand, resulting in numerousvariants both of the trade and bookclub issues. The first attempt tocategorize these was by the Londonbookseller Harold Mortlake, in hisfamous Churchill catalogue of thelate Sixties, but the list was con-fusing and the descriptions in-complete. Mortlake's observationsare combined with those of theauthor in this new listing, which Ihope will be somewhat more com-prehensible.

Houghton Mifflin Company, re-plying to Mortlake's request forinformation, stated: "The sixvolumes of this title represent abibliographical nightmare. Wepublished these in different years,simultaneously with the Book-of-the-Month Club . . . The Book-of-the-Month Club used three manu-facturers at this time: H. WolffMfg. Co., The Haddon Craftsmen,The Kingsport Press Inc. Four setsof identical plates were used. Thefirst edition could be consideredany one of these sets at either theRiverside Press [Houghton Mifflin'smanufacturer for trade copies] orthe three manufacturers for theBook-of-the-Month Club . . . "

In the following listing, I haveseparated the Book-of-the-MonthClub issues from the trade edi-tions, but first editions of bothtypes can be distinguished by thedate of first publications on theirtitle pages. Later dates, or undatedtitle pages, signify later impres-sions.

"Dot" invariably refers to thetraditional BOMC mark, usuallydebossed, always located on thelower right corner of the rear board;"t .p." means "title page" and"verso" means reverse of titlepage.

VOL 1: THE GATHERING STORMTrade Editions

1A. Brick red cloth, headbands,

stained page tops. Title page states:"Published in association withThe Cooperation Publishing Com-pany, Inc." "The Riverside Press"(manufacturer) named on both t.p.and verso. Mortlake variation"C." First edition t.p. dated 1948.

BOMC Issues1H. Pink cloth, no headbands,

unstained top page edges. Titlepage as 1A. Verso names HaddonCraftsmen, Scranton, Pa. as manu-facturer. Small dot, debossed blind.Mortlake "E."

IK. As above, but verso namesKingsport Press, Kingsport, Tenn.as manufacturer. Small dot, de-bossed black. Mortlake variation"H."

1R. As above but verso namesRiverside Press, Cambridge, Ma. asmanufacturer and contains theletter code "W." (No date on t.p. ofcopies examined, suggesting thatRiverside manufactured some laterBOMC copies.) Larger dot, de-bossed blind. Not in Mortlake.

1W. As above, brick red clothwithout stained page tops or head-bands but no BOMC dot. H. Wolfflisted as printer on verso. Observedonly with dated t.p. Not in Mort-lake.

VOL 2: THEIR FINEST HOURTrade Editions

2A. Brick red cloth, headbands,stained page ends. Title page andverso follow style of 1A. Mortlake"C . " First edition t.p. dated 1949.

2B. As above but later (I believethird and later) impressions: nodate on t.p. Cooperation Pub-lishing Company acknowledge-ment dropped. Mortlake variation"A."

BOMC Issues2H. Pink cloth, no headbands,

unstained top page edges. Titlepage as 2A. Haddon Craftsmen onverso. Small dot, debossed blind.Not in Mortlake.

2K. As above, but verso namesKingsport Press. Small dot, de-bossed black. Dated and undatedcopies observed, both with Coop-eration Publishing Company on ti-tle page. Confusingly, also calledvariation "E" by Mortlake.

2R. As above but Riverside Presson verso with code letter "W."Observed only with no date on t.p.

Large dot, debossed blind. Not inMortlake.

VOL 3: THE GRAND ALLIANCETrade Editions

3A. Brick red cloth, headbands,stained top page edges. No mentionof Cooperation Publishing Co. ont.p. Riverside Press in Old Englishon both t.p. and verso. First editiont.p. dated 1950. Not in Mortlake.

3B. Pink cloth, no headbands orstained top page edges but no dot.Title page names Riverside Pressbut no date; verso stated only"PRINTED IN THE U.S.A." Prob-ably produced by a BOMC manu-facturer to fill a shortage of tradeeditions. Not in Mortlake.

BOMC Issues3H. Pink cloth, no headbands or

stained top page edges. First edi-tion t.p. dated 1950. No mention ofCooperation Publishing Co. Had-don Craftsmen on verso. Small dot,debossed blind. Not in Mortlake.

3HH. As above but undated t.p.and large square dot, debossedblind. A later BOMC printing bythe Haddon Craftsmen. Not inMortlake.

3K. As above, Kingsport Pressnamed on verso. Small dot, de-bossed black. Mortlake "B."

3KK. As above, but dated 1951on t.p. Small dot, debossed blind. Alater BOMC printing by the Kings-port Press. Not in Mortlake.

3R. Riverside Press BOMC issuenot observed; information needed.

3W. Same as 3H with 1950 onfirst edition t.p. Verso names H.Wolff, New York as manufacturer.Small dot, debossed blind. Not inMortlake.

VOL 4: THE HINGE OF FATETrade Editions

4A. Brick red cloth, headbands,stained top page edges. First edi-tions dated 1950 on t.p. Mortlakevariation "A."

BOMC Issues4HH. Pink cloth, no headbands

or stained top page edges. Nomanufacturer on verso but sus-pected to be later Haddon Crafts-men printing (see 3HH above).Only copy observed carries un-dated t.p.; not known to exist withdated t.p. Dot is a large square,debossed blind. Not in Mortlake.

4K. Pink cloth, no headbands or


stained top page edges. Mortlakevariation "B."

4W. Same as 3W with H. Wolffnamed on verso but "RiversidePress" also carried on both versoand t.p. in Old English type. Largedot, debossed blind. Not in Mort-lake.

VOL 5: CLOSING THE RINGTrade Editions

5A. Brick red cloth, headbands,yellow stained top page edges withfirst editions dated 1951 on t.p.Mortlake "]"; Riverside Press.

BOMC Issues5K. Pink cloth, no headbands, no

stained top page edges. First edi-tion t.p. dated 1951. Verso namesKingsport Press. Small dot, de-bossed black. Mortlake variation"B."

5W. As above but verso namesH. Wolff and both t.p. and versocarry Riverside Press name in OldEnglish. Dated 1951 on t.p. Not inMortlake.

5WW. As above but undated t.p.Dot is now embossed, or a de-bossed circle. A later BOMC print-ing by H. Wolff, as suggested byheavier, inked-up lettering on ver-so. Not in Mortlake.

VOL 6: TRIUMPH AND TRAGEDYTrade Editions

6A. Description same as 5A butfirst edition t.p. dated 1953. Mort-lake variation "D."

BOMC Issues6K. Pink cloth, no headbands, no

stained top page edges. First edi-tion t.p. dated 1953. Verso namesKingsport Press and includesLibrary of Congress catalogue card

number. Small dot, debossedblack. Mortlake variation "G."Not observed by the author to date.

6H. As above but verso lists noLCC number and names HaddonCraftsmen as manufacturer. Botht.p. and verso carry Riverside Pressname in Old English. Small dot,debossed blind. Not in Mortlake.

6HH. As above but large squaredot, debossed blind. Heavy, inked-up printing on verso suggests alater BOMC issue by HaddonCraftsmen. Not in Mortlake.

6R. Pink cloth, no headbands buttop page edges definitely stainedyellow color as on trade editions.Verso and t.p. name only RiversidePress, verso also carries code letter"W." All copies seen carry 1953t.p. dates. Apparently manufac-tured by Riverside to fill a shortageof BOMC issues. Not Mortlake. •

Reviews continued . . .

These are elaborated upon under the umbrella of theinfluence of Winston Churchill's Victorian upbring-ing, which provided him with the psychological andmoral armament effectively to lead Britain and theAllies to ultimate victory over the Axis.

The stage is set by the opening chapter, where theauthor explains in some detail the Victorian frame-work which contributed so significantly to Chur-chill's traits. He describes the mood, mode and mind-set of the Victorian era, an age of romantic, emotionalenthusiasm and positive morality, combined withthe contradictory element of rational pragmatism.War was a "sporting game" even though it was crueland ruthless. Cowardice was the ultimate sin.

Total war was the combination of von Clausewitz's"remarkable trinity" of the government, the militaryand the people. Jablonsky contrasts the nineteenthcentury Victorian wars, fought in far off lands, withthe devastation of the twentieth century wars. Thesecond Anglo-Boer War was the transition betweenthese two. It was Churchill's retention of his Vic-torian upbringing and participation in Queen Vic-toria's little wars which permitted his managementand leadership of the big and total wars that camelater.

The First World War essentially was one of educa-tion for Churchill and the British population in"Total War." Although disillusioned by aspects ofthis war, Churchill found his heroic men of actionand applied his Victorian education and principleswhere he could. In the years between the two wars,Jablonsky describes how Churchill's views of the roleof Government in Total War crystallized, while at thesame time he retained his romantic faith in the

Monarchy. With the advent of the Second World War,the people and Churchill understood the concept of"Total War." It was, however, his glorious andromantic Victorian cries to battle and victory whichfueled and sustained the people. His veneration ofparliamentary principles permitted him to be held incheck by them. His constant battles with his gener-als, his attempts to impose his will on them, and hisoften impulsive ideas are elaborated upon by Jablon-sky. Thus the author completes the Clausewitziantrinity relative to Churchill and leaves the readerwith the understanding that the great leader by-and-large had mastered its interrelationships.

A third element of the book discusses the role ofthe "Great Game" of espionage and deception ascritical tools in "Total War." Jablonsky adequatelybrings out Churchill's romantic approach to thisworld of cloak and dagger, plot and counter-plot. Yethe shows how the pragmatism of the Victorian erawas applied to espionage. Churchill's fertile mindand fascination for technological gadgetry, combinedwith his Victorian characteristics, kept him very ac-tively involved in the "Great Game." The variouslevels of organization of the intelligence service,mostly set up by Churchill; the role of Ultra and theuse of deceptive techniques; are described in signifi-cant detail. At times the details of the technical infor-mation provided seem disproportionately excessive,especially compared with the smoothly flowing gen-eralizations and more sweeping overviews of theearlier segments, which so successfully conveyed thecritical overall message of the work. The concludingchapter succinctly and coherently sums up the majorpoints.

To this reviewer, who himself is unashamedly anincurable Victorian romantic, . Jablonsky's conceptstruck a distinctly favorable chord. •


ALL THE BOOKS OF WINSTON S. CHURCHILL • "CHURCHILL BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA," PART 1, SECTION 3

Cassell Variant BindingsMost Cassell English editions of war speech volumes be-

tween A66 and A114 appeared in light blue cloth blockedgilt, but wartime shortages resulted in numerous variantbindings, including smooth blue cloth of a darker shade andblack or navy blocking instead of gilt. In addition, presenta-tion copies in full and half leather exist, the latter said tohave been made up in rather large quantities for distributionby Chartwell to well-wishers, etc.

A66(a) INTO BATTLE (UK &, Aus. title)A66(b) BLOOD SWEAT AND TEARS (US & Can, title)

»A66(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1941)A66(a.l-12): twelve impressions 1941-45

The publisher lists 12 impressions (called "edi-tions"); these do not correspond to the dates or quan-tities of impressions stated by Woods.

»A66(b) The First American Edition (Putnam: NewYork 1941)

A66(b.l-2): at least two impressions 1941Like A44(b), copies of later impressions are known

bound in reverse colors (red cloth with blue spinebars. These should not be confused with the Book ofthe Month Club edition below. On all copies, a smallcoat of arms is debossed blind on lower right corner ofcover. Top page edges of all copies stained red.

•A66(bb) The Book of the Month Club Edition (Put-nam: New York 1941)

Normally found in red buckram with spineelaborately decorated in gilt on blue bands with giltspine titles. A large coat of arms is debossed blind incenter of cover, framed by gilt bars with the gilt in-itials "WSC" below lower bar. BOMC debossed doton lower right corner of back board is often hard tosee. A variant binding exists in fine red cloth. Toppage edges of all copies stained blue. Jacket similar tothe trade edition but front flap carries BOMC logo.

•A66(c) The Canadian Edition or Issue (McClelland &Stewart: Toronto 1941).

A66(c.l-2): at least two printings.Beats the American title with speeches taken from

the English Edition. First printings are in red clothblocked gilt; second printings in grey cloth blockednavy. First printings carried six illustrations but someshow no sign of their ever having been present; secondprintings lack illustrations. First printings are knownboth with 488 and 526 pages, seconds have only 526.

•A66(d) The Australian Edition or Issue (Cassell: Mel-bourne 1941).

•A66(ea) The Odhams Edition (London 1966, pprbk)Entitled CHURCHILL IN HIS OWN WORDS

•A66(eb) The American Issue of the Oldhams Edition(Capricorn: New York 1966, pprbk, same title)

Foreign Language EditionsA66/Cz DO BOJE, Stolen Prerodu: Prague 1946A66/Da I KAMP, Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1948A66/Fr L'ENTREE EN LUTTE, Heinemann & Zsolnay:

London 1943A66/Gel INS GEFECHT, Europa Verlag: Zurich 1946A66/Ge2 REDEN 1938-1940, Putnam: New York 1941

This interesting volume is bound and jacketed iden-tically to A66(a) despite its origin.

A66/N0 BLOD, SVETTE OG TARER, Cappelens: Oslo1946, card & leather

A66/Sp SANGRE, SUDOR & LAGRIMAS, Editorial Clarid:Buenos Aires 1941

A66/Sw BLOD, SVETT OCH TARAR, Skoglunds: Stock-holm, 1941, card & cloth; a second 1941 edition addsthree May 1938 speeches.

A89 THE UNRELENTING STRUGGLE•A89(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1942)

A89(a.l-4) four impressions• A89(b) The American Edition (Little Brown: Boston 1942)

A89(b.l-2) two impressions•A89(c) The Canadian Edition or Issue (McClelland &

Stewart: Toronto 1942)•A89(d) The Australian Edition or Issue (Cassell: Mel-

bourne 1942)•A89(e) The European Edition (Continental Book Co. AB:

Stockholm (1942)Brown cloth &. paper covered boards blocked with

the coat of arms from Harrap's MARLBOROUQH.Printed from the A89(a) plates.

•A89(f) The Books for Libraries Edition (New York: 1978)

Foreign Language EditionsA89/Cz NELITOSTNY ZAPAS, Vorovy: Prague 1947A89/Da DEN HAARDE DYST, Gyldendal: Copenhagen

1948A89/Fr LA LUTTE SANS RELACHE, Heinemann &

Zsolnay: London 1943A89/Ge DER UNERBITTLICHE KAMPF, Europa-Verlag:

1947A89/Sw OFORTROTTAD KAMP, Skoglunds: Stockholm

1942, card & clothbound

A94 THE END OF THE BEGINNING•A94(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1943)

A94(a.l-4): four impressions•A94(b) The American Edition (Little Brown: Boston 1943)

A94(b.l-4): four impressions, all 8/43•A94(c) The Canadian Edition or issue (McClelland &

Stewart: Toronto 1943)•A94(d) The Australian Edition or issue (Cassell: Mel-

bourne 1943).•A94(e) The Books for Libraries Edition (New York: 1972)

Foreign Language EditionsA94/Cz KONEC ZACATKU, Stoleti Prerodu: Prague 1947A94/Fr LA FIN DU COMMENCEMENT, Heinemann &

Zslonay: London 1943A94/Ge DAS ENDE DES ANFANGS, Europa Verlag: Zurich

1948A94/Sp EL FIN DEL PRINCIPIO DEL ASISMO A LA

VICTORIA, Editorial Clarid: Buenos Aires 1944A94/Sw SLUTET AV BORJAN, Skoglunds: Stockholm

1943, card & cloth

A101 ONWARDS TO VICTORY•A101(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1944)

A101(a.l-3): three impressions 1944/45/46•A101(b) The American Edition (Little Brown: Boston

1944)•A101(c) The Canadian Edition or issue (McClelland &

Stewart: Toronto 1944)•A101(d) The Australian Edition or issue (Cassell: Mel-

bourne 1944(Found in three different color cloth bindings: light

blue, dark blue and orange. Spine bylines sometimesomit the titles C.H. and M.P.)

1.09 (rev. FH75, 1992)

Foreign Language EditionsAlOl/Da MAALETI SIGTE, Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1948AlOl/Fr EN AVANT VERS LA VICTOIRE, Heinemann &

Zsolnay: London 1944AlOl/Ge VORWARTS ZUM SIEG, Europa Verlag: Zurich

1948AlOl/No MOT SEIER, Cappelens, Oslo: 1945, card &

leatherAlOl/Spl ADELANTE HACIA LA VICTORIA, Los Libras

de Nuestro Tiempo: Barcelona 1944A101/Sp2 HACIA LA VICTORIA, Ediciones Minerva:

Mexico City 1945AlOl/Sw FRAM MOT SEGERN, Skoglunds: Stockholm

1944, card & cloth

A107 THE DAWN OF LIBERATION•A107(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1945)

A107(a.l-2): two impressions 1945/47•A107(b) The American Edition (Little Brown: Boston

1945)•A107(cJ The Canadian Edition or issue (McClelland &


bourne 1945)

Foreign Language EditionsA107/CZ COT ERVA NKY OSVOZONY, Vorovy: Prague

1948A107/Fr L'AUBE DE LA LIBERATION, Heinemann &

Zsolnay: London 1945A107/No VED MALET, Cappelens: Oslo 1947 card &

leatherA107/Sp ALBA DE LIBERACION, Los Libros de Nuestro

Tiempo: Barcelona 1945A107/Sw BEFRIELSENS GRYNING, Skoglund: Stockholm

1945, card & clothbound

A112 VICTORY•A112(A) The First Edition (Cassell: 1946)

A112(aa) First State: page 177 numbered "77"A112(ab) Second State: page 177 correctly numbered

•A112(b) The American Edition (Little Brown: Boston1946)

•A112(c) The Canadian Edition or issue (McCelland &Stewart: Toronto 1946)

•A112(d) The Australian Edition or issue (Cassell:Melbourne: 1946)

Foreign Language EditionsA112/Da SEJR, Gyldendal: Copenhagen 1948A112/Fr VICTOIRE, Heinemann & Zsolnay: London 1946A112/Ge ENDSIEG, Europa Verlag: Zurich 1950A112/Sp VICTORIA, Los Libros de N.T.: Barcelona 1947A112/Sw SEGER, Skoglund: Stockholm 1945 card & cloth

bound

A113 WAR SPEECHES 1940-1945»A113 The First English Edition (Cassell: London 1946)

The first collected edition of war speeches,published in blue wrappers; among the four scarcestChurchill volumes but preceded in print by certainforeign language editions with varying contents,issued largely for propaganda purposes beginning1942. These match A113's paperback design and areindicated by an asterisk (*).

Foreign Language EditionsA113/Dal KRIGSTALER, Cassell: 1946*A113/Da2 TALER, Gyldendal Ugleboger: Copenhagen 1965A113/Du WINSTON CHURCHILLS OORLOGSREDE

VOERINGEN Cassell: 1945*A113/Fil WINSTON CHURCHILL SOTA-KRONNIKA

[1939-1943], W. Soderstrom: Helsinki 1946A113/Fi2 WINSTON CHURCHILL SOTA-KRONNIKA,

[1944-1945], W. Soderstrom: Helsinki 1948A113/Fr DISCOURS DE GUERRE 1940-1942, Shevnal

Press, Great Britain 1945A113/It IN GUERRA: DISCORSI PUBBLICI E SEGRETI,

Rizzoli, Rome 1948. (Includes Secret Session Speeches.)A113/RO DISCURSURI DE RAZBOIU: O CULEGERE A

DISCURSURILOR TINUTE DE PRIMUL MINISTRUEAL MAERI BRITANNI, INTRE MAI 1940 SI OCTOM-BRIE 1943 [Romanian], Pilot Press: London 1945*

A113/Ru IZBRANNIE RECHI 1938-1943 VOPROSI VIONYI MIRA [Russian], H.M.S.O., London 1945

A113/Swl KRIGSKRONIKA, Skoglunds: Stockholm & H.Schildts: Helsinki 1945 |covers A66-A101)

A113/Sw2 KRIGSKRONIKA 1944-45, Skoglunds:Stockholm & H. Schildts: Helsinki c. 1947 (A107-etc.)

A113/Tu BU HARVIN ICNUZY, Basimeri: Istanbul 1942

A114 SECRET SESSION SPEECHES•A114(a) The First Edition (New York: Simon & Schuster

1946)•A114(b) The English Edition (Cassell: 1946)•A114(c) The Canadian Edition or Issue (McClelland &


bourne 1946)

Foreign Language EditionsA114/Da CHURCHILLS HEMMELIGE TALER, Berlingsky:

Copenhagen 1946, card wrappersA114/Fr MES DISCOURS SECRETS, DuPont: Paris 1947A114/Ge GEHEIMSREDEN/BAND 7, Europa Verlag:

Zurich 1947A114/Sp LOS SECRETOS DE LA GUERRA, Libros de

Nuestro Timpo: Barcelona 1946A114/Sw TAL INFOR LYCKTA DORRAR, Skoglund:

Stockholm 1946, card &. clothbound

Volume Titles of "The Second World War"Six- and twelve-volume editions of this work invariably

contain the same titles. To avoid repetition, we mentionthem here:

Six volume editions: 1: The Gathering Storm, 2: TheirFirst Hour, 3: The Grand Alliance, 4: The Hinge of Fate, 5:Closing the Ring, 6: Triumph and Tragedy.

Twelve volume editions were made by dividing the aboveinto their components, subtitled "Book One" and "BookTwo" within the original six volumes: 1: From War to War,1919-1939, 2: The Twilight War, September 3, 1939 — May10, 1940, 3: The Fall of France, 4: Alone, 5: Germany DrivesEast, 6: War Comes to America, 7: The Onslaught of Japan,8: Africa Redeemed, 9: Italy Won, 10: Teheran to Rome, 11:The Tide of Victory, 12: The Iron Curtain.

Foreign language editions follow the above formats withtwo exceptions: the three-volume Belgian French editioncombines Volumes 1 &2,3 &4 and 5 & 6 of the six-volumework; the ten-volume Dutch edition combines Volumes3&4 and 9&.10 of the twelve-volume work. (The Russianedition, though only six volumes, is comprised of Volumes1-6 of the twelve volume work; others were unpublished.)

1.10 (rev. FH75, 1992)

A123 THE SECOND WORLD WARAll editions are of six volumes unless otherwise stated.

»A123(a) The First Edition (1948-53)A123(aa) The Trade IssueA123(ab) The Book-of-the-Month Club IssueA123(ac) The Canadian IssueA123(ad) The Houghton Mifflin Paperback Issue (1989-)

Published in Boston by the Houghton Mifflin Co. incooperation with the Book-of-the-Month Club, CampHill, Pennsylvania, and simultaneously in Canada byThomas Allen, Toronto. The Trade Issue is usuallybound in brick red cloth with headbands and yellowstained top page edges. The BOMC Issue is usuallybound in pink cloth lacking both headbands and pageedge staining. The Canadian Issue is bound in deepred cloth and labeled "Thomas Allen" on the spines.Four different manufacturers were involved in theAmerican issues. First edition dust jackets bear theprice $6.00 on front flaps; this was raised to $6.50and above after the first editions. BOMC jackets donot contain prices but spines usually carry stocknumbers. Reference: Finest Hour #75.

»A123(b) English Edition (Cassell 1948-53)A123(ba) The Home IssueA123(bb) The Australian Issue (Melbourne)A123(bc) The Overseas Issue

All issues bound in black cloth, with identicaldesign dust jackets using a repeat "WSC" pattern,though the Australian issues are distinctly thicker.Though it was thought previously that Volume 6 wasnot published in Australia, this is incorrect: Mel-bourne produced the full set. A123(bc) is identical toA123(ba) except for the legend, "Overseas Edition"replacing the 301 price on front jacket flap. Many laterBritish editions and impressions have since been pro-duced; see Woods Appendix I for some details.

»A123(c) The Abridged One Volume EditionA123(ca) The Home Issue (Cassell 1959)

A123(ca.l-5) at least five impressionsA123(cb) The American Issue (Boston: HM Co. 1959)A123(cc) The Second American Issue (NY: Bonanza 1978)

A123(cc.l-3): at least three impressions

•A123(d) The Fitst Chartwell Edition (Educational BookCompany Ltd., 1954)

The first illustrated edition, completely reset andincorporating all author corrections. Found in twobindings: watermelon buckram with brown leatherspine and cover labels, and the much scarcer quarterblue pebble grain morocco. Glassine dust jackets.Brief new foreword by WSC.

•A123(e) The Reprint Society Edition (1954-56)Reset in smaller type with author corrections,

bound in white cloth with gilt on maroon spine labels.Completion of this set in 1956 occasioned issue of alarge scale folding map, boxed, showing WSC's war-time journeys and entitled "Dunkirk to Berlin."Several impressions.

•A123(f) The Time-Life Edition (NY: 2 vols, 1959)Elaborately illustrated from Life magazine's

serialized war memoirs; quarto volumes supplied inslipcase with a record containing wartime speechexcerpts.

•A123(g) "The Gathering Storm" Penguin Edition (1959)Other volumes were intended, but not published.

•A123(h) The Golden Press Edition (NY: 1 vol, 1960)A123(h.l-2) two impressions, 1960-61

•A123(i) The Blenheim Edition (Cassell: 1 vol, 1961)A123(i.l-2) two impressions, both 1961

Red cloth with illustrated dust jacket.

•A123(j) The School Edition (Cassell: 1 vol, 1961)A123J.1-14 at least fourteen impressions

Printed cloth in style of A123(i); no jacket.

•A123(k) The Bantam Paperback Edition (NY: 1962)A123k.l-? Numerous impressions to date.

Early editions at least were boxed as a set.

•A123(l) The Second Illustrated (Paperback) Edition(Cassell: 12 vols, 1964)A123.1.1-? Several impressions; information needed.

•A123(m) The Third Illustrated Edition (Heron-Cassell, 12vols, 1967)

Quarter brown morocco and olive Kivar with giltChurchill bust on cover; much rarer is a binding infull blue leatherette. Produced in Switzerland by EditoServices, Geneva.

•A123(n) "Their Finest Hour" Franklin Library Edition(Excerpted Work, 1978)

•A123(o) The Second Chartwell Edition (1983)A123(oa) The Trade Issue (Boston: HM Co.)A123(ob) The Book-of-the-Month Club Issue

Luxurious quarter blue leather and tan linen clothwith WSC's painting of Chartwell tipped onto frontboards. Undertaken as a premium for BOMC, whoseissue has rust stained top page edges and the usualdebossed "dot" on lower right rear boards; the tradeedition, very scarce, has no "dot" and yellow stainedtop page edges. It was listed at $295, against only $35for the BOMC issue to new members of the BOMC.Sheets were reprinted from A123(a).

•A123(p) The Penguin Paperback EditionA123(pa.l-?) Numerous impressions to date. In print.A123(pb) Book Club edition

Both sets were boxed; the Book Club edition did notdisplay prices on book wrappers.

•A123(q) The Easton Press Edition (Norwalk: 1989)Taken from the Houghton Mifflin sheets with no

textual alterations, bound in black pigskin with redspine labels blocked gilt.

Foreign Language EditionsAll editions are of six volumes unless otherwise stated

A123/Da DEN ANDEN VERDENS-KRIG, Hasselbalch:Copenhagen 1948-54 (originally dark brown leather inplain brown jackets; later issue in blue leatherette,pictorial jackets.)

A123/Dul MEMOIRS, Elsevier: Amsterdam 1948-54 (10vols; at least some early volumes were reprinted. Firstedition in very dark green cloth; a deluxe leather bindingwas also offered).

A123/Du2 MEMOIRS (10 volumes, paperback issue).

1.11 (rev. FH75, 1992)

A123/Du3 DE TWEEDE WERELDOORLOG, De Boeken-schat n.v. (12 vols; apparently produced by Edito in styleof A123mandA123/Fr3).

A123/Du4 DE TWEEDE WERELDOORLOG, Elsevier:Amsterdam 1974 (12 vols, author portrait spread acrossthe composite jacket spines, bound both in pale blue greyand light olive green).

A123/Frl MEMOIRES SUR LA DEUXIEME GUERREMONDIALE, Librairie Plon: Paris 1948-54 (12 vols;notable for Churchill's additional remarks in theforeword to Vol 1, exonerating the French soldier fromthe debacle of 1940. Many impressions, all in paperwraps with jacket design changes, plus a limited editionon special high quality white paperl.

A123/Fr2 MEMOIRS SUR LA DIEUXIEME GUERRE MON-DIALE, Edns. Sphinx: Brussels 1951-53 (issued in threelarge, illustrated volumes elaborately bound in maroonleatherette).

A123/Fr3 MfiMOIRES SUR LA DEUXIEME GUERREMONDIALE, Le Cercle du Bibliophie Edition, Edito:Geneva c. 1964-66 (12 vols hardbound in leatherette).

A123/Fr4 TRIOMP ET TRAGEDIE Editions Romaldi, n.d.(2 vols, special limited edition to commemorate theauthor's receipt of the Nobel Prize, with special colorillustrations; limited to 80 very special and 2500 coloreditions).

A123/Gel DER ZWEITE WELTKRIEG, Scherz: Bern 1948-53 (12 vols, plain blue cloth. The first two volumes werelater published by Toth, Hamburg, then Pamass, Stutt-gart for Vol. 3 Part 1, then Scherz & Govert, Stuttgart forthe rest. Finally Scherz & Govert republished the earliervolumes in a finer black cloth. Still in print.)

A123/Ge2 DER ZWEITE WELTKRIG, Toth: Hamburg (6vols).

A123/Ge3 DER ZWEITE WELTKRIG, Ullstein: 1985 (6vols, paperback boxed set).

A123/Ge4 DER ZWEITE WELTKRIEG (lvol Abridged Edi-tion). (At least three issues: Scherz: Berlin 1960 in greycloth and blue and white jackets; Deutsche Buch-Gemeinschaft: Berlin-Darmstadt-Wien 1962, dark redpaper boards with black leather spines; Scherz: Berlin1985, grey cloth, silver jacket, in print.)

A123/Gk [THE SECOND WORLD WAR], Athens, c. 1948-54 (12 vols, titles in Greek, publisher unknown; infoneeded)

A123/He AM HASAFER, Tel-Aviv 1959-60 (6vols, inHebrew, publisher not verified, red boards, illustrated).

A123/Itl LA SECONDA GUERRA MONDIALE, Monda-dori: Rome 1948-53 (12 vols, originally large formatpaperbacks, followed by several 6 vol hardbound edi-tions, the ninth in 1966.

A123/It2 LA SECONDA GUERRA MONDIALE, Oscar:1970 (12 vols, boxed as a set).

A123/NO DEN ANNEN VERDENSKRIG, Cappelens: Oslo1948-55 (12 vols; leather, board and paper bindings; allin green djs).

A123/Pr A SEGUNDA GUERRA MONDIALE, Centro Ed.:Rio 1948-53 (12 vols, bound in blue cloth to the style ofHoughton Mifflin, A123a).

A123/RU [THE SECOND WORLD WAR], Chekhov: NY1954-55 (6 vols, titles in Russian; volumes correspondedto Vols 1-3 only of the original work.)

A123/Sbl DRUGI SVETSKI RAT, Prosveta: Belgrade c.1960s (6 vols in Serbo-Croat, dates not stated.)

A123/Sb2 DRUGA SVETOVNA VOJNA, Zavod: Belgrade1964 (1 vol)

A123/Spl LA SEGUNDA GUERRA MONDIAL, Barcelona:1948-53

A123/Sp2 LA SEGUNDA GUERRA MONDIAL, Barcelona:1960 (probably a reissue of the first edition, hand-somely bound in tan leatherette trimmed in red, whiteand blue).

A123/Sw ANDRA VARLDSKRIGET, Skoglund: Stockholm1948-53 (First issued in 12 jacketed paperbacks, then sixhardbound vols in grey cloth and two leather bindingswith colored panels).

A123/Tu CORCIL ANLATIYOS, Vatan: Istanbul 1949-50(4 vols only, corresponding to original Vols 1&2)

A124 THE SINEWS OF PEACE•A124(aJ The First Edition (Cassell 1948)•A124(b) The American Edition (HM Co.: Boston 1950)

Foreign Language EditionsA124/Sw ATT VINNA FREDEN, Skoglund: Stockholm

1949 (Issued both in card and blue cloth with the samejacket; later, Skoglunds issued a 4 vol set of all war andpostwar speeches,- same comments apply to other post-war speech volumes by this publisher.)

Note on Postwar Houghton Mifflin EditionsRandolph Churchill took The Sinews of Peace to America

in seaich of a publisher in 1948. He found one in Boston'sHoughton Mifflin Company (HM Co.), which were publish-ing huge quantities of the War Memoirs and could, onesupposes, hardly refuse. But HM Co. took fewer and fewerCassell sheets to bind as American editions, making all thetitles scarce if not rare. Quantities given by Woods are asfollows: A124, 3000 copies; A128, 2500 copies; A130, 2000copies; A136, 500 copies; A137, 1750 copies. HM Co.declined to publish A142, the final speech volume and thelast "new" book in WSC's lifetime.

A125 PAINTING AS A PASTIME•A125(a) The First Edition (Odhams/Benn 1948)

A125(a.l-7): at least seven impressions 1948/49/49/62/65/65/66

The 1965 "Memorial Edition" was bound in redleatherette with red and white jacket and also boxedwith matched bindings of Heath's A Churchill An-thology (Woods Da21/1) and Thomson's Churchill:His Life and Times (Redburn A82d). The 1966 im-pression (maroon cloth) was an Odhams Bookplanissue in plain white jacket.

•A125(b) The American Edition (McGraw-Hill/WhittleseyHouse: New York 1950)A125(a.l-3): at least three impressions

•A125(c) The First Paperback Edition (Penguin: 1964)A125(c.l-3); at least three impressions

•A125(d) The Second American Edition (CornerstoneLibrary: New York 1965)A125(d.l-2) two impressions 1965/66

The first impression was issued in decorative hardpaper boards and in paperback, the second impression(paperback only) was the first to use a Zip code in thepublisher's address.

1.12 (rev. FH75, 1992)

Pausaland RevisitedChurchill's Favorite Villa Lives on in Dallas

(Or: How Wendy Reves Moved House)TEXT BY MARIANNE ALMQUIST

PHOTOGRAPHS COURTESY DALLAS ART MUSEUM

Above: The Great Hall and Grand Salon of La Pausa. Top: WSC in the library with proofs of his History.

How do you recreate a legend? Not easily: yet theDallas Art Museum has done precisely this in itsrecreation of six rooms from the celebrated Rivieravilla La Pausa, home of Wendy and the late EmeryReves. Mrs. Reves, Fellow and Trustee of ICS/UnitedStates, and her late husband, were longtime friends ofSir Winston Churchill, their frequent house-guest inthe late 1950s. Many pleasant days spent at the villaled Churchill to refer to it as "Pausaland."

Emery Reves, Hungarian by birth, was a politicaljournalist, author, publisher and financier. He formedthe Cooperation Press in Paris in the 1930s, forming alifelong association with Winston Churchill, amongother world statesmen and journalists, whom he con-tracted to write for his syndicated service. Later, asChurchill's literary agent outside the UK, he negoti-ated the sale of rights to The Second World War, AHistory of the English-Speaking Peoples, andnumerous new editions of earlier Churchill books.Reves purchased the foreign language rights per-sonally.

In remarks made at opening ceremonies of theReves collection in Dallas, Martin Gilbert,Churchill's official biographer, praised Emery Revesfor his "astute suggestions regarding style, format,clarity, content and titles" of The Second World Warand A History of The English-Speaking Peoples.

Marianne Almquist is Director of ICS/'Arizona. Hernext article is a biography of Emery Reves.

The duplication of La Pausa consists of entry hall,great hall, grand salon, library, dining room and bed-room. A series of hallways and connecting rooms in-cludes additional display areas for the Reves collectionof decorative and fine arts donated to the Dallasmuseum. Of special interest to the historian is theroom containing Churchill memorabilia.

Named The Wendy and Emery Reves Collection,this 11,000 square foot area was designed by therenowned architect Edward Larabee Barnes to containthe Reves' dazzling treasure of Impressionist paint-ings, works on paper, Spanish and Middle Easterncarpets, Venetian glass, rare Chinese export porce-lain, silver pieces, European iron and woodwork andearly Renaissance and 17th century European furni-ture. The 1,400 piece collection was bequeathed tothe museum by Mrs. Reves to honor the memory ofher late husband. The decorative arts wing which in-corporates this gift was opened to the public in late1985.

The La Pausa recreation in Dallas derives its uni-que appeal (about 25,000 visitors each year) from thefact that the furniture, carpets, art and decorative ac-cessories are arranged with few exceptions exactly asthey were in the villa before making their journey toDallas. The drama of air-lifting this vast collectionfrom France to Texas, including delicate negotiationswith French bureaucrats reluctant to relinquish theirpatrimonial claims to the Impressionist art, makes acliff-hanging tale in itself.


wsc,Saiah andEmery onthe SalonTermce.

Photographs of the rooms taken at the villa wereused by the DAM staff to reassemble the collectiononce again in the new wing. Mrs. Reves was closelyinvolved in the entire process, with many trips toDallas to add her final touches in displaying the col-lection; she pronounced the reborn villa's rooms,especially the library, "uncanny."

The legend of La Pausa, situated on a high bluffoverlooking the Mediterranean on the Cote d'Azur,begins with a Gallic tale describing the olive grove asa resting place for Mary Magdalene when she fledJerusalem following the Crucifixion. A chapel on prop-erty adjacent to the villa, named Our Lady of LaPausa, was erected to commemorate this legend.

Our narrative moves ahead many centuries to thelate 1920s when the Duke of Westminster,Churchill's beloved friend Bendor, sailed the Rivieracoastline on his yacht, the White Cloud, accom-panied by his mistress, fashion designer CocoChanel. Coco had expressed a desire to own a homeon the Cote d'Azur. In 1927 Bendor purchased thefive-acre tract near the village of Roqueburne, CapMartin, as the site for Coco's villa. Robert Streitz, ayoung architect whom they had befriended, wasasked to design and build the house.

Coco involved herself in the drafting of plans, theconstruction and the interior design, all done in hersignature beige hues. As construction proceeded andon-site decisions were required, she would leave herParisian fashion house and make a one-day round-tripon the famed Blue Train to the Riviera to confer withStreitz. One specific request from the new chatelainecalled for the duplication of the large stone staircasefrom her childhood orphanage home in Aubazine,France. This same monk's staircase has been faith-fully reproduced once more in Dallas.

Coco's affair with the Duke ended in 1930, but thevilla was hers and she continued to live therethroughout World War II after closing her couturebusiness when the Germans overran Paris. She oc-cupied the villa less frequently in the years followingthe war. In 1950 Coco decided to re-enter the fashionworld in Paris and placed La Pausa on the market.Emery and Wendy Reves now enter our story.

A peripatetic couple, Emery and Wendy had livedin several European capitals since 1949. Wendy hadlonged for a permanent home and when she learned ofthe sale of Coco's renowned villa she and Emeryliterally took the next train for Monte Carlo. Onelook and Wendy convinced Emery that they hadfound their home. After lengthy negotiations, in-cluding an interview with Madame Chanel, the pur-chase was consummated and the renovation of the

long-neglected villa began in 1953. This time, Wendywas construction supervisor. She oversaw all detailsincluding refinishing of furniture pieces which theformer owner left in the home.

Wendy and Emery now had a place in which toentertain their friends and to display and enjoy theirexpanding art collection. The restoration was nearingcompletion in late 1955 when, following a dinnerwith Sir Winston at Lord Beaverbrook's nearby villa,Emery extended a luncheon invitation to Churchill.Emery informed Wendy at breakfast the next morn-ing that he had invited Churchill for lunch — thatday! The indomitable, gracious and plucky Wendyrose to the occasion and the rest is history. SirWinston fell in love with his surroundings. He stayeduntil 6 P.M. "The Man Who Came to Lunch" returnedas a house-guest in January 1956 for the first of manylengthy visits. Over the next four years, Churchillstayed at the villa for a total of thirteen months.

Wendy and Emery assembled a household staff, in-cluding gourmet chefs, to enable them to entertainSir Winston and to welcome his family and friends aswell. Every detail of hospitality was arranged by thecapable hostess. A guest suite of two bedrooms,sitting room and bath was provided. In words of deepaffection for his hosts, Churchill wrote Clementine,"they have devoted themselves to my comfort inevery conceivable way." As Wendy has remarked,"Sir Winston never had a Black Dog day at LaPausa."

Sir Winston's pet bird, a budgerigar named Toby,had free run of the house. The bird partially nibbledthe dust cover of a first edition volume of the ENGLISHSPEAKING PEOPLES which Churchill planned to present tohis hostess. This prompted him to dedicate the book"To Wendy from Winston and Toby." The openedbook, with evidence of Toby's misdeed, is on displayin Dallas, where a scattering of colorful feathersflutter across the inscription page.

The Library was one of Sir Winston's favoriterooms. He staked out a comfortable spot on the sofawhile correcting proofs of his History of The EnglishSpeaking Peoples. The shelves around the walls,overhung with glorious Impressionist art, were filledwith art books and first editions of Churchill's manyworks. Some of these volumes now fill the shelves inthe Dallas library recreation. The brandy snifter,etched with the initials WSC which Wendy comis-sioned for her guest, can be seen next to him in an ac-companying photograph.

As the visitor views this room in the museum to-day it is natural to imagine Churchill sitting therewith his host, Emery, discussing editing andpublishing details of forthcoming books.

To commemorate the publishing of Closing theRing, Volume V of the War Memoirs, Wendy com-missioned Van Cleef and Arpels to create a cigar casefor Sir Winston which is on display in the Churchillroom. The lid contains miniature replicas of thecovers of the six-volume work, with titles inscribedon each.


Surrounded by so much art and natural beauty at LaPausa, Churchill was inspired to take up his brush.His easel was placed in the dining room on rainy orchilly days, but during pleasant weather it was car-ried to the gardens or the olive grove overlooking theMediterranean. Wendy would often arrange floralbouquets from the garden for Sir Winston to paint. Healso copied a Cezanne floral still life, which hangs inthe memorabilia display room. Churchill wroteClementine, ' 'I am taken through a course of Monet,Manet, Cezanne and company by my hosts. I am infact having an aesthetic education with veryagreeable tutors."

The display cases of Churchill memorabilia haveconsiderable historical and artistic appeal. Four Chur-chill paintings done while visiting the Riviera andpresented to the Reves are hung here. The viewer's at-tention is directed to "The View of Menton and Italyfrom La Pausa," painted in 1957. Churchill subduedhis palette in selecting serene blues and greens forthis tranquil landscape. In addition to the copy ofthe Cezanne still life, there are two treescapes of theRiviera coastline.

A Limoges china breakfast set, designed and com-missioned by Wendy for Sir Winston's personal use,depicts a replica of the yellow and green French"Medaille Militaire" on the coffee cup. Other pieceson display include a specially designed cigar ashtrayand holder for Churchill's use at the dining table,photos, letters and, of course, copies of his bookswhich played a prominent role in his association withEmery. All these items are a testimonial to thecelebrated house-guest whose every comfort was pro-vided and whose company was welcomed.

One of the most touching mementos is a note writ-ten to Wendy in November 1960 in which Churchillsays, "The months I spent at your charming housewere among the brightest in my life."

The dining table is set today just as it once mighthave been, awaiting the arrival of statesmen andcelebrities who joined Sir Winston to partake of theReves' extraordinary hospitality. The long list in-cludes Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery, An-thony Eden, French President Rene Coty, the Duke ofWindsor, Konrad Adenauer, the beloved "Prof"Frederick Lindemann, Prince Rainier and PrincessGrace of Monaco, Aristotle Onassis and NoelCoward. An open invitation was extended to Clemen-tine, the children and their families, who visited fromtime to time.

The Impressionist art collection includes forty-onemajor works by such artists as Van Gogh, Cezanne,Renoir, Gaugin, Bonnard, Toulouse-Lautrec,Courbet, Monet, Manet, Pissaro and Vlaminck. Astunning pastel by Rodin hanging in the entry hall isrepresentative of the quality of the works hangingelsewhere in the exhibit.

The belle chambre, a bedroom-sitting room whereladies retired while gentlemen enjoyed brandy andcigars in the dining room, is filled with rare furnituremade of lacquered wood, papier mache and mother of

pearl inlays. This room especially has Wendy's per-sonal touch and is a tribute to her fine collector's eye.

Also of note is a pair of magnificent 17th centurymarquetry cabinets in the grand salon, a gift fromEmery to Wendy on her 50th birthday. Emery Reveshad been a collector since his early journalistic daysin Berlin in the 1930's before he fled the Nazis. Hecarried on detailed correspondence over the yearswith gallery owners, auction houses and arthistorians. Wendy had been an antique collectorsince her career days in New York City before shemet Emery.

In the 1960s Emery and Wendy began to considerplans for the ultimate beneficiary of their extensivecollection. Several proposals had been suggested butno final decision had been made before Emery's deathin 1981. A former curator of the Musee le ChateauVersailles, Gerald Van der Kemp, was a friend of theReves and also of several Dallas Art Museum of-ficials. Following Emery's death Van der Kempbrought Wendy and representatives of the Museumtogether and negotiations began immediately.

Wendy, a native of Marshall, Texas, had becomeacquainted with Harry Parker, then DAM director, in1977 when he and a group of museum members wereplanning a tour of European art collections. A visit toLa Pausa had been scheduled but later cancelled dueto Emery's failing health. Now in 1982 the Dallas ArtMuseum and Mrs. Reves had crossed paths again.

The Museum was in the midst of construction ofits new facility in downtown Dallas and the timingwas such that it was possible to incorporate the villarecreation with plans for the Decorative Arts Wing.Construction on the Reves Collection was begunbefore final documents were signed and the last ex-port hurdles in France had been cleared. It is atestimonal to both the Museum and to Mrs. Revesthat they all proceeded on the faith that the Collec-tion had indeed found its final home. The DAM suc-cessfully completed a campaign to raise six milliondollars necessary to design, build and maintain thewing.

Mrs. Reves in her generosity, and the Dallas ArtMuseum staff with its expertise and dedication toauthenticity, have added a new dimension to the ar-tistic enrichment of the museum and its public. Themuseum visitor experiences the personal appeal ofeach piece collected by Wendy and Emery Reves at LaPausa for their pleasure and that of their friends.Wendy's gift now makes it possible for many more toenjoy the recreation of La Pausa in its new home inDallas, Texas.

The author wishes to express appreciation to thefollowing people who generously gave of their time inhelping her gather information for this article: KarenBrophy, communications assistant, Dallas ArtMuseum; Charles Venable, curator of DecorativeArts, Dallas Art Museum; Robert Rozelle, formerDirector of Publications and Public Relations, DallasArt Museum. •


Churchill Organizations WorldwidePreserving the Memory — Keeping the Trust

INTRODUCTION BY THE LADY SOAMES, D.B.E.

L: symbolof Britain'sWinston S.

ChurchillMemorial

Trust.R: the

ArchivesCentre,

ChurchillCollege.

Many statues, buildings, organisations, scholar-ships, fellowships, lectures and other institutionshave been set up throughout the world in memoryof my father and bearing his name. Their sheernumber contributes to some confusion about whateach is, and what it does. At your editor's invita-tion I furnished the following memorandum forFinest Hour.

The first attempt to codify and describe all theChurchill memorials was written in 1981 by thelate Roy Morant, former chief executive officer ofthe Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia,and reprinted and updated several times by theTrust since. In Mr. Morant's memory, the Interna-tional Churchill Society of Australia is working ona further extension of his work, entitled "ChurchillMemorials Worldwide," for future publication inbooklet form.

The purpose of this memorandum is to identifythe principal Chuichill organisations in the UnitedKingdom, North America and Australasia which arecurrently engaged in fund raising. I have sent sun-dry literature including a brochure for the WinstonChurchill Memorial Trust Appeal, although that isnow closed having reached its goal. I think it is sogood, and with it I sent the brochure for the compan-ion appeal in the United States. I have also sent aguide to the principal holdings of the Churchill Ar-chives Centre and Ambassador John Loeb, Jr.'sspeech in 1991 when HM The Queen presentedPresident Bush with the Churchill Foundation'sAward. Copies of these materials are available toany reader from the editor.

The Memorial Trust (inaugurated immediatelyafter my father's death), and Churchill CollegeCambridge with its Churchill Archives Centre(founded by WSC and in operation in his lifetime)form the two British National Memorials to myfather. Then there is Chartwell, which belongs tothe National Trust and fulfills a somewhat differentrole — but one of greatest value and importance.The most important and widely effective>Churchill

organisations in the United States are the WinstonChurchill Foundation of the United States (foundedin WSC's lifetime), the Fulton Memorial andLibrary (founded 1965) and the International Chur-chill Society of the United States (founded 1968).

This paper was produced for the Winston Chur-chill Memorial Trust circa 1990, but several entrieshave been updated by your editor. I hope all thiswill be useful for reference. — Mary Soames

The United KingdomThe Winston Churchill Memorial Trust

An ideal firmly expressed by Sir Winston Chur-chill was that men and women from all walks oflife should be able to travel overseas and learnabout the life, work and people of other countries.In this way, as a result of personal experiencegained during their travels, they would be able tomake a more effective contribution to the life ofthis country and their community.

When Sir Winston died in 1965, Trusts in theCommonwealth and the USA were formed toperpetuate his memory by providing TravellingFellowships. The national appeal to raise funds inthe UK was launched immediately after his funeral.Donations from the Government, the City, Industryand individuals all over the country were invested,and the income from this capital finances theTravelling Fellowship scheme, which annuallyselects 100 UK citizens with a variety of study proj-ects to travel to all corners of the world asrepresentatives of the country in the name of SirWinston Churchill.

Together with Churchill College Cambridge, theTrust is considered as Britain's national memorialto Sir Winston. A selective fund raising campaignwas launched in October 1988 in the UK, and laterin the USA, to increase capital by £5,000,000 tomaintain and enhance the quality and cost effec-tiveness of the Travelling Fellowships scheme forthe foreseeable future. The campaign culminated in1990, the 25th anniversary of Sir Winston's death.


Churchill College, CambridgeSir Winston Churchill had been much impressed

by his visit to the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology and by subsequent warnings by LordCherwell and others on the way in which Britainwas falling behind the rest of the world in the train-ing of scientists. He concluded that an institutionshould be set up for this purpose and to forge linksbetween industry and the universities. After talkswith Government, academic institutions andAmerican foundations, a distinct project for a newCollege at Cambridge emerged. It would be namedChurchill College and would be a national andCommonwealth memorial to Sir Winston. It wouldbe a College to meet the need for technologists andyet one which, embedded in an ancient andprestigious university, would be a place where artsand sciences, research and teaching would eachleaven the other.

An appeal for funds was launched in 1958 and by1966 £5,000,000 had been raised from over 1,000British companies, individuals, trade unions andfrom the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations.

The College was founded in 1960, and by 1968the last section of the residential accommodationshad been completed. The complex now occupies a42 acre site on the western side of Cambridge. It in-cludes accommodation for 450 students andFellows, an air conditioned theatre seating 300, ex-hibition hall, a music building and one of Cam-bridge's largest dining halls.

Under its Statutes, about 70 percent of thestudents study natural sciences, mathematics orengineering and one-third are postgraduates. It waspart of the Churchillian vision to attract post-graduate students from the United States and tostrengthen ties with the new Commonwealth andmany of the postgraduates come from these areas.Visiting Fellowships enable more senior people tospend up to twelve months on research visits toCambridge. In 1990 the College had 110 Fellows,195 Advanced Students and 380 Undergraduates.

A long term development programme is in pro-gress to provide additional accommodation forpostgraduates and to improve computer and infor-mation technology facilities. A selective appeal hasbeen initiated in the UK and North America tosolicit funds from the original donors, alumni,British and overseas companies and institutions. InJune 1991, Lady Soames laid the foundation stoneof the fine building for Continuing Education; thedonor is a remarkable Dane.

The Churchill Archives CentreThe Churchill Archives Center, situated within

the grounds of the College, was purpose-built tohouse the papers of Sir Winston Churchill. Thecost of construction was met by a group of eminentAmericans, which included every United StatesAmbassador to the Court of St. James's from 1925to 1973 or their descendants. Although the Chur-

chill papers form the core of the archive, there arenearly 300 other collections covering all those fieldsof public life in which Sir Winston played a per-sonal role or took an interest. For the history of warand peace and science and politics in Churchill'scentury, professional historians will turn to thisCentre.

The current income, even when supplemented bygrants from Churchill College, is insufficient for in-dependent operation or expansion of the Archives'activities. A seven year fund raising campaign hasbeen in operation since 1985, with personal solicita-tion by the Keeper, Trustees and Patrons.

Other UK InstitutionsThe Sail Training Association regularly seeks

financial assistance to meet current expenditures;one of its schooners is the "Sir WinstonChurchill." The English-Speaking Union of theCommonwealth holds an annual ChurchillMemorial Lecture in the Guildhall, London.

The United States of AmericaThe Winston Churchill TravellingFellowship Foundation

This institution has recently been incorporated asa charity to finance the activities of British Chur-chill Fellows travelling in America. It is headed byAmerican Directors to ensure that funds raised inthe USA are retained and managed there solely forthe purposes of Anglo-American fellowship. It was,in effect, the USA leg of the Winston ChurchillMemorial Trust's fund raising campaign fromFebruary 1989 to mid-1990.

The Winston Churchill Memorial andLibrary in the United States

Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, theforum of the famous Iron Curtain speech in 1946,had transferred, with Sir Winston's approval, thedebris of a bombed Wren church from the City ofLondon and restored it at Fulton as a memorial toAnglo-American friendship. The College sponsorsan annual Kemper lecture to commemorate the IronCurtain address, and many of those associated withSir Winston have been invited to deliver it.

The Winston Churchill Foundation of the USAEstablished in 1959 by American admirers of Sir

Winston "to honour his memory and to encouragethe spirit of Anglo-American co-operation heepitomised,'' the Foundation operates a programmeof Scholarships and Fellowships tenable at Chur-chill College Cambridge, financed by the originalendowment and current donations. Every so often amajor fund raising event is held to honour interna-tional personalities in the Churchillian mould —Mr. Averell Harriman, Mrs. Margaret Thatcher andMr. Ross Perot were the first three. In 1989, theevent was attended by HRH The Prince of Wales


and honoured former President Ronald Reagan. In1991, HM The Queen presented the ChurchillAward to President Bush.

The Center for Chuichill Studiesin the United States

An academic endeavour between the InternationalChurchill Society of the United States, the ElliottSchool of International Affairs at George Washing-ton University, and James Humes' charitable trust,formerly the Churchill Institute for Statecraft,which has changed its name to the above for legalpurposes, was fully described in Finest Hour #74.

CanadaThe Rt. Hon. Sii Winston S. Churchill Society

First founded in Edmonton with Sir Winston'spersonal approval in 1964, the Society has since ex-panded to encompass branches in Calgary and Van-couver. All three branches work to ensure that SirWinston's ideals and achievements are never forgot-ten by succeeding generations. Activities includebanquets for outstanding people connected withaspects of Sir Winston's career; public speaking anddebating competitions for High School students;scholarships in Honours History; financialassistance for students at Churchill College. TheEdmonton Branch has recently erected a finestatue of WSC in that city. The Society is activeyear-round, sponsoring students, holding schooldebates and competitions, etc.

The Churchill Society for the Advancement ofParliamentary Democracy

Founded in Toronto, the CSAPD works to sup-port the health and vigour of parliamentarydemocracy, with an annual lecture by a distin-guished parliamentarian, and other events the yearround.

AustralasiaThe Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia

In Australia, Sir Robert Menzies, then PrimeMinister, was approached by Lord Baillieu for hissupport in setting up a Churchill Memorial Trust inAustralia. Sir Robert, an old friend and great ad-mirer of Sir Winston, readily agreed and prevailedon the then Counsellor (later Sir) WilliamKilpatrick to lay plans for an Appeal to be held inAustralia on Churchill's death.

The success of the Appeal in Australia is now amatter for history. On a per capita basis Australiaraised more funds than any other country.However, in Britain's case it should be rememberedthat the British corporate sector had alreadyresponded very generously to the Appeal for fundsto build Churchill College.

Churchill House Canberra was built by theAustralian Churchill Trust principally as an incomeproducing investment from the leasing of its officespace. It also houses the Trust's National Office.

Memorial Trusts in Australasian CountriesIn New Zealand, the Churchill Trust was

established by Act of Parliament. Administrative ar-rangements for the Appeal and later for the Chur-chill Fellowship Scheme were, and are currentlyundertaken by public servants responsible to aBoard appointed by Parliament. When Papua NewGuinea-achieved independence in 1976 theAustralian Trust transferred funds which, togetherwith a contribution from the Papua New GuineaGovernment, were sufficient for an independentChurchill Trust to be established in that country.

InternationalThe International Churchill Societiesof the United States, Canada, UK and Australia

The International Churchill Societies comprisefour independent non-profit educational organisa-tions which work together "to keep the memorygreen and the record accurate,'' so that futuregenerations will never forget the contributions ofSir Winston to the political philosophy, culture andliterature of the English-Speaking Peoples and theGreat Democracies. ICS numbers over 2500 peoplefrom all walks of life — academics, statesmen,students, professionals, non-professionals, collec-tors, bibliophiles, teachers — interested in aspectsof Churchill and his career: not merely as the sym-bol of victory in war, but of culture, humour, prin-ciple, optimism, pride in country and faith inWestern Civilization.

ICS is politically non-partisan, but not apolitical:its quarterly journal, Finest Hour, often touches onChurchill's political philosophy and its eternalrelevance to problems of the present. Speakersrange the gamut from Alistair Cooke and WilliamManchester to Harry Byrd, Jr. and Caspar Wein-berger, to Robert Hardy and Gregory Peck, to mem-bers of the Churchill family. Members' ages rangefrom ten to ninety, and ICS is a growing organiza-tion, with special emphasis on young peoplethrough its programme, "Teaching the NextGeneration."

From small beginnings in 1968, the InternationalChurchill Societies have since financed publicationof the ten final Companion Volumes to the OfficialBiography; produced many specialized publicationsof Churchill works, checklists, bibliographies andoral history; organised eight international con-ferences and six International Churchill Tours; andassisted in or encouraged the republication of ascore of Churchill books heretofore long out ofprint.

ICS United States is now embarked on a plan tocreate a Center for Churchill Studies in WashingtonDC (see under "United States"); ICS Canada pro-duces a calendar recounting the Churchillian eventsof fifty years ago, and is developing a new checklistof Churchill stamps; ICS UK has hosted the latestinternational conference; ICS Australia hopes toproduce a guide to Churchill Memorials worldwide. •


Gift Opportunities at theChurchill Society

REMEMBER ICS IN YOUR WILLA fine way to help us "Teach the Next Generation." Manyhave done so, many ask how. We offer the services of theSociety attorney. Please contact Win. C. Ives at Keck,Mahin & Cate, 77 W. Wacker Dr., 49th floor, Chicago IL60601, telephone (312) 634-7700.

BOOKS FOR THE CHURCHILL CENTERThe Center for Churchill Studies in the United States aimsto create the most comprehensive Churchill library in thecountry, and many books, photographs and relatedephemera have already been donated. If you could spareonly one first edition, it would be deeply appreciated. Areceipt for appraised value will be issued for tax purposes.Contact the editor, PO Box 385, Hopkinton, NH 03229,telephone (603) 746-4433.

A ROOM IN YOUR NAME AT THECENTER FOR CHURCHILL STUDIES

can be a permanent feature of our building in Washington,DC, where students will study the Churchill experience.This arrangement is offered to major supporters ofICS/USA's joint project with George Washington Univer-sity. All donations are tax-deductible. Details from VicePresident Merry Alberigi, PO Box 9037, Novato CA 94948.

ICS New Book ServiceOperated as a service to ICS. Shipping $3 first title, $1 eachadditional anywhere in the world. Order from Chur-chillbooks, Rt 1, Box 682, Hopkinton NH 03229 USA.(Bookshop price in parentheses).

1001. INDIA: DEFENDING THE JEWEL IN THECROWN. 1st US Edn, 168pp illus. ($35) $28

1003. MALAKAND FIELD FORCE, Norton 1st AmericanEdn, 234pp ($19) $15

1004. THE BOER WAR, Dorset House Edn, 408pp withmaps ($19) $15

1005. MY AFRICAN JOURNEY, British Edition, 134pp,illus (£15) $28

1006. MY EARLY LIFE, Cooper Edition, 388pp, illus $351015. SAVROLA, London Cooper, 1990 Edn., 214pp. ICS

A3i. (£15) $321026. THOUGHTS AND ADVENTURES, Norton Edn.,

238pp, illus. ($23) $191027. GREAT CONTEMPORARIES, Norton Ed., 252pp,

illus. ($23) $19Books About Churchill

1029. CHURCHILL: A LIFE, Gilbert. 1066pp, illus. Theultimate single-volume biography, not an abridgementbut brand new. Strongly recommended — indispensible.($35) $28

1032. DOWNING ST DIARIES, Martin 200pp, illus. Bywartime private secretary. ($35) $27

1033. SIR WINSTON METHOD, Humes. 190pp. Speak aseffectively as WSC ($17) $14

1036. ARTILLERY OF WORDS, Survey of the Writings ofWinston S. Churchill, Woods, 184pp on WSC's articles andbooks. Reviewed, FH #75 (£ 17.50) $30

Cover Story:A Special

Offer from

the Carlton

Club

Collection

to Friends of

the Churchill

Societies

The Carlton Club PortraitA Limited Edition Signed by Lady Soam.es

The Cooper portrait of Churchill on the cover ofthis issue has hitherto been seen only by Members ofthe Carlton Club, famous London club of the Conser-vative Party. It is one of the most lifelike ever created— one almost expects WSC to leap from the paper.

In an effort to help raise the capital required foressential renovations and refurbishment in the after-math of a terrorist bomb attack on the building in1990, the Carlton Club now offers a limited numberof magnificent prints of this portrait, individuallynumbered and signed by Lady Soames, to Friends ofthe Churchill Societies. It is expected that this formof personalization, together with the historical, non-profit-making motive behind their creation, will un-doubtedly enhance the prints' value as collector'sitems in the years to come.

The price including postage and packing fromEngland is $1500, which may be paid in one sum or insix monthly installments of $250. The dimensionsare approximately 3x4 feet and each print is carefullymatted and mounted in a frame of the highest qual-ity. Deliveries will commence in September.

The Carlton Club Collection has offered ICS a com-mission of 12.5% meaning that $188 of the cost willgo to support the work of the Society, and will bereceipted as a tax-deductible donation. Supply islimited. To order your print now, send either $1500or the first $250 installment (or the equivalent inCanadian dollars or Sterling) to:

ICS/USA, 268 Canterbury Rd, Westfield, NewJersey 07090.

ICS/Canada, 1079 Coverdale Rd, RR2, Moncton,New Brunswick E1C 8J6.

ICS/UK, "Wychden," Wildemesse Ave., Seal,Sevenoaks, Kent TH15 0EA.

ICS/Australia, 8 Regnans Ave., Endeavour Hills,Victoria 3802.


Churchill in StampsBY RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

PAGES 163-168: THE BLITZIn this area the philatelic biographer's job is almost too easy:

more Churchill commemoratives are designed around the LondonBlitz than any other period in the saga; indeed it is a challenge tofind enough to say to create pages sufficient to house all thestamps.

Catalogue numbers are Scott (#) and Stanley Gibbons (sg). Aslash mark (/) indicates a set with a common design from whichany value may be used.

163. Dominica #410a (sg 440) is the most impressive philatelicportrayal of St. Paul's in the Blitz, though the colors are lurid andprobably exaggerated. The souvenir sheet makes a perfect start tocoverage of this period, with WSC's tribute to the cockneys at thetop.

164. Bhutan souvenir sheets quoting Churchill on "The Few"are of course highly appropriate. They show two of the planesresponsible for Britain's air prowess, although the Spitfire (left)reached its peak rather later. These issues are disdained by Scott,but carry Minkus number 133 and sg MS 140 (perf and imperf).

"LONDON CAN TAKE IT!"

"Look at the Londoners—the cockneys. Look at what they stood up

to. 'Grim and Gay' was their cry, and their wartime mood,

•What's good enough for anybody's good enough for us'." --19^5

163.

While Hitler tried to avoid scenes of devastation, Churchill wasIn his element touring bombed-out sections of London, often withClemmle, other times with the King and Queen. When the cockneyscried to give the Germans what they were dishing out, Winstonassured them "I will certainly undertake to do so."

Miraculously St. Paul's, invincible in the Blitz, survived theworst nights of 1940, though considerable damage occurred to otherhistoric buildings including Buckingham Palace, which the King andQueen—to the delight of their subjects—adamantly refused to leave.

165. Cook Islands #417 (sg 506) with Churchill and St. Paul'sfaces off against Germany #B190 (sg 768) at the top of this page.Below are two more of the endless sand dune issue by KhorFakkan, the original 4 rupee and "revalued" 4 rial St. Paul'slabels, Minkus 70 and 70A, not listed by Scott or Gibbons.

166. Great Britain #430-437 (sg 671-678), the 1965 Battle ofBritain set (phosphor line variety) is the dominant theme of thispartial quote of Churchill on the height of the Blitz. The RAFplanes contrast with the Luftwaffe's on German semi-postals, onefrom the set #B218-29 (sg 819-30) and #469 (sg 600). There was,incidentally, much repugnance voiced in Britain at the inclusionof a swastika on the GB stamp at upper left, albeit with the bigcrack running through it.

167. Conclusion of Churchill's "saved in the skies" commentfrom his war memoirs, illustrating Britain's big advantage, radar,with GB #518 (sg 752), more semi-legitimates from Bhutan,Minkus 130-32 (sg 137-39) showing Spitfire, Hurricane and Lan-caster; and Togo #893 and #C241 (sg 1048 and 1050), also de-picting Spitfires.

168. Mussolini's extension of the war into the Balkans can beeasily illustrated by USA captive nations stamps for Albania,Yugoslavia and Greece #916-18 (sg 913-15), and stamps of eachcountry depicting its then-head of state: King Zog, Albania#210/17 (sg 193/203); King Peter, Yugoslavia #142/51 (sg414/26); and King George II, Greece #391/93 (sg 503/13).

(To be continued)

HEIGHT OF THE BLITZ

One night on a visit to Fighter Command, Churchill asked theofficer in charge how many squadrons were in the air. "All ofthem, Prime Minister," the officer replied. WSC asked how manysquadrons were in reserve. "None," was the answer. It was Inthose days a very near thing: It was a time, Churchill wrote,"when it was equally good to live or die."

164.

. 2 * .

SaaJL 14'-

• 1 - . ^ S f c :

Left: Supermarine Spitfire; right: Armstrong-Siddeley Hurricane

165.

"GRIM AMD GAY"

When Churchill visited the ruins of London—and he often did—men called to him in cheerful defiance: "Give it 'em back." ThePrime Minister listened, and ordered the RAF to bomb Berlin. ToHitler he broadcast, "You do your worst, and we will do our best.

Long after the Blitzwas over, Churchillcould proudly payhis tribute to hisfellow Londoners:

11 Grim and Gay,dogged andserviceable, withthe confidence of anunconquered peoplein their bones...they took all theygot, and they couldhave taken more."

Touring the city,Churchill and hisaides in 1940,their faces litby raging fires.

167.

SAVED IN THE SKIES (II)

"...On September 17th, as we now know, the Fuehrer decided to

postpone 'Operation Sea Lion1 indefinitely, and September 15th

may stand as the date of its demise." —THEIR FINEST HOUR

Radar, thenin its in-fancy, hadplayed animportantrole in theBritishwar effort.

Though theSpitfire isthe classicBattle ofBritain air-craft, olderHurricanesand thebombers,both Blen-heim andLancaster,played vitalroles afterthe air warwas carriedinto Germany.

SAVED IN THE SKIES (I)

"On September 15th, every fighter was engaged. The odds were

great; our margins small; the stakes infinite...It was later

reported that the Royal Air Force had shot down 56 German planes

...September 15th remains as the crux of the Battle of Britain..

166. 168.

THE FALL OF THE BALKANS

In September 1940, the hungry Mussolini marched on the Balkans.The heroic Greeks chased the Italians out of their country. Tosecure his flank, Hitler went to Mussolini's aid in April 19*11."There is no question," Churchill said, "that we shall honourour commitments to the trustees of ancient Athens."

The only Balkannation II Ducewas able tohandle was Albania,which capitulatedin September 1940.

After attack bythe Axis puppetsHungary and Bul-garia, and upondefection by thenorthern Croats,Yugoslavia yieldedon 17 April 1941.

Against overwhel-ming Axis forcesGreece held onuntil 23 April1941, In the moststubborn resis-tance by a smallnation to theWehrmacht.

GB Battle of Britain Commemoratives, 1965On phosphor-lined paper for automatic-cancelling machines

Glimpses: "Unpretentious andComfortable Looking"

Two 1945 Encounters with the Great ManBY JAMES H. HEINEMAN

EVERY DAY there are fewer of us left who have set eyeson Winston Churchill. I saw him twice.

The first time was at a memorial service for Presi-dent Roosevelt at St. Paul's Cathedral. I was in theAmerican army and had been stationed by then inLondon for more than two years. Through an adminis-trative mix-up the Foreign Office saw fit to invite meto St. Paul's. (It was still the time when humans, andnot computers, made mistakes.) I turned up at St.Paul's and quietly stationed myself near the centeraisle at the back of the Cathedral.

The service was very moving in its simplicity and inits dedication to the hymns and bible passages whichlimned Roosevelt's spirit. There was an almost eeriesense as Ambassador John Winant read the lesson inLincolnesque fashion.

At the end of the service King George and QueenElizabeth led the host of dignitaries from thecathedral. Immediately following the King andQueen were other kings and queens, hereditaryprinces, dukes, and presidents of republics includingGeneral DeGaulle who had come from France for afew hours to pay his respects to his former alliedadversary, and then the lesser folk who could betoppled and often were, such as prime ministers.Winston Churchill was among the lesser folk.

As this array walked in prescribed order solemnlyand slowly, I ducked out, stood on the top step of thecathedral and watched the mighty of the world leavein splendor. It was probably the last time that such anoble multitude would ever foregather at one timeand at one place. I was naturally much impressed andso was the silent crowd in front of the cathedral whohad come to pay their respects to a fallen leader.

The spectacle was all but over when in turnWinston Churchill emerged from the cathedralamong the somewhat motley crowd of the lowerranks. I stood a few feet from him as he seemed toconvey the confident message that the war was stillin good hands. There was a ripple of applause fromthe crowd as he descended the steps and entered hiscar to be driven off to another day's work.

The second time I saw Churchill was on VE-Day,a very short while later. He was sitting on the

folded top of a tiny convertible car with his feet onthe back seat. His daughter Mary, in her ATS uniformwas sitting on the seat next to his legs. Churchill wason his way to Buckingham Palace to report on thecompletion of his assignment to his King and Queen.He had already called on Rene Massigli, the Frenchambassador, John G. Winant the American ambas-

Mi. Heineman is a New Yoik publisher.

sador, and the Russian ambassador. An orderly crowdof people lined each side of Piccadilly as the proces-sion proceeded towards Hyde Park Corner. This pro-cession consisted of a policeman astride a white horsefollowed by Churchill and then two policemen, oneon each side of the car (he was waving his cigar whenit was not stuck firmly in his mouth). Behind the car,also on foot, was a third policeman politely askingthe crowd not to step too close to the procession.

The scene was immersed in quiet emotion — verydignified and very heartfelt as Churchill rode to thepalace. He bore himself with a look of contented ac-complishment. The crowd did not roar as did theBritish lion during the conflict. It applauded express-ing a polite thank you.

There could not have been many people who hadnot been affected directly by the war — British,Americans and Allies alike. All felt beholden to this,their unpretentious and comfortable-looking leader. •


CHURCHILL TRIVIATEST your skill and knowledge! Vir-tually all questions can be answeredin back issues of FINEST HOUR orother ICS publications (but it's notreally cricket to check). Twenty-four questions appear in each issue,the answers in the following issue.Questions fall into six categories:Contemporaries (C), Literary (L),Miscellaneous (M), Personal (P),Statesmanship (S), and War (W).

385. Which of Churchill's manyadmirers was honored when WSCnamed one of his race horsesafter her? (C)

386. The final volume of TheWorld Crisis is entitled TheUnknown War (U.S. title). Whatwar was Churchill writing about?(L)

387. What sport did Churchill call"The Emperor of Games?" (M)

388. On which Harrow entranceexam did Churchill do so well thathe was put in the top division forthat subject? (P)

389. Churchill represented fourconstituencies in the pre-WW2years. Name at least three. (S)

390. From which well-known lit-erary figure did Churchill receive aletter praising his ideas for tanks?(W)

391. Which English pacifist said,"God put us on an island andWinston has given us a navy. Itwould be absurd to neglect theseadvantages"? (C)

392. Dorset Press (NY) has repub-lished two of Churchill's books inone volume entitled The Boer War.What are the original titles? (L)

393. Churchill's building of brickwalls at Chartwell is well known;what other object on the groundsdid he have a hand in building? (M)

394. What is the name of the roomin Blenheim Palace where WSCwas born? (P)

395. In 1941 Churchil l and

Roosevelt met in Placentia Bay toframe the Atlantic Charter. Afterthe war it became a basis for whichorganization's charter? (S)

396. Chamberlain thought thatChurchil l would hamper hisnegotiations with Hitler. Whathappened to make him invite WSCto enter the Government? (W)

397. Pamela Lytton (nee Plowden)was an early love of Winston's,with whom he corresponded formany years. About how many? (C)

398. Who was St. John Brodrick ofBrodrick's Army? (L)

399. Why did Churchill receivethe King George V CoronationMedal? (M)

400. What title did the RoyalAcademy bestow upon Churchill?

401. In 1916 Churchill was desper-ately hoping for an appointmentwhich Lloyd George awarded to Ed-ward Montague. What was it? (S)

402. Although he did not serve as acommissioned officer in WW2,WSC had several honorary militarytitles. Name at least two. (W)

403. What was Prof. Lindemann'sofficial government position dur-ing WW2 when he was also Chur-chill's scientific advisor? (C)

404. With whom did Churchill ad-vocate free trade in his book, ForFree Trade1. (L)

405. Complete this Churchillquote: "A nation that forgets itspast has no '_." (M)

406. In 1892 Randolph Churchillhad a book published. What was itstitle? (Not a collection of hisspeeches.) (P)

407. Churchill served in Parlia-ment almost continuously for over60 years. When was the break? (S)

408. Churchill had a "run-in"with Lord Kitchener before their

EDITED BY BARBARA LANGWORTH

involvement in WW1. Where wasit? (W)

ANSWERS TO LAST TRIVIA(361) Lord Cherwell was a Pro-fessor of Experimental Philosophyat Oxford University. (362) Theseries in the News of the Worldwas called "The World's GreatestStories." (363) Greece issued thestamp with Churchill's speech.(364) Churchill liked the LordWarden's admiral-type hat. (365)1959 was the last year Churchill'sname was on the ballot. (366)Roosevelt and Churchill disagreedover plans for the invasion of theBalkans. (367) The vegetable cookat the Carlton Hotel when WSCand Lloyd George dined on 4 Au-gust 1914 was Ho Chi Minh. (368)Some HESP spin-offs are The Is-land Race, The American Civil War,Joan of Arc and Heroes of History.(369) The London shoot-out wascalled "The Siege of SydneyStreet." (370) Churchill signed hispaintings "WSC." (371) Canadawas the ' 'linchpin" for the English-speaking world. (372) "Fight onthe beaches" (Dunkirk) speechwas given at the House of Com-mons, 4 June 1940. (373) ClementAttlee was the "grub." (374) TheSecond World War is WSC's big-gest seller. (375) Churchill planteda tree on Mt. Scopus. (376) Winstonwas "pig" (initially "pug") andClementine was "kat." (377) Inthe '30s WSC predicted the Indianbloodbath which occurred in 1947.

(378) The Japanese attack on PearlHarbor made Churchill enjoy "thesleep of the saved and thankful."(379) Churchill was related to Mac-Arthur through an American ances-tor, John Farnsworth. (380) "ManOverboard!" appeared in Harms-worth (1899) and Argosy (minusthe exclamation mark, 1965). (381)The Palace is named after the Bat-tle of Blenheim, Bavaria, whichthe First Duke won in 1704. (382)Nancy Astor was the lady in the"I'd poison your tea/I'd drink it"anecdote. (383) The "Focus [onFreedom and Peace]" group met ina series of informal meetings WSCheld in 1937-38. (384) Churchill in-sisted that the fleet be in theAdriatic Sea in 1939. •


DESPA TCH BOXIn issue #73, Herbert Goldberg of

Potomac, Maryland wrote of his seventhChurchill seminar at American University(Institute for Learning in Retirement) butwe failed to give the details. Here they are:

Winston Churchill: His Life and Times(1874-1965)

Herbert A. Goldberg, M.D.

March 8, 1991: Introduction to Seminar,The Early Churchills, Young Winston Chur-chill.

March 15, 1991: Churchill and Politics —British Parliamentary System, Liberalism,Conservatism.

March 22, 1991: Churchill and TheOrigins of W.W.I., Churchill at War, TheDardanelles.

March 29, 1991: Churchill and Com-munism, The "Iron Curtain Speech."

April 5, 1991: Churchill and His Contem-poraries, Brendan Bracken, Prof. Linde-mann (Lord Cherwell), Lord Beaverbrook,Chamberlain, Gen. Charles de Gaulle, Chur-chill and the Colonies, India, Palestine,Ireland.

April 12, 1991: Fighting Appeasement,The Abdication Crisis, The WildernessYears.

April 19, 1991: World War H, Fall ofFrance, Dunkirk, Relations with F.D.R. andAmericans.

April 26, 1991: Churchill and TheGenerals, Churchill and Soviet RussiaToday.

May 3, 1991: The Second Prime Minister-ship 1951-1955.

May 10, 1991: Churchill the Painter.May 17, 1991: The Final Phase.May 24, 1991: "The Greatest Englishman

of All Time."

Books on WSC and IndiaHow very much I enjoy Finest Hour, an im-pressive publication and a help in locatingfurther sources on WSC. I am a historyundergraduate at the University of Floridaand hope eventually to write my thesis onChurchill's opposition to the India Bill,1931-35. Apart from the official biography,little attention has been paid to this protractedepisode of his career, even though his impas-sioned and tenacious opposition and its con-sequences help to explain why many saw himas a discredited alarmist when he began towarn of Hitler. The cursory glances at thisepisode that do exist are merely repetitionsof the popular misrepresentation of WSC asa reactionary, a nostalgic subaltern of the19th century.

JOHN HICKEY, GAINESVILLE FL. USA

The Redburn Bibliography (Part 2 of ' 'Chur-chill Bibliographic Data'') offers severaluseful works on WSC and India, most of themcritical but worth consulting: A48'Thz PrimeMinister on India, A49 Winston ChurchillSome Sidelights, A59 Churchill on India,A66 Churchill's Blind Spot: India. Rathereasier to find is R.J. Moore's ChurchillCripps and India, Redburn A344, but itcovers only 1939-45. For a good analysis ofWSC's 1931-35 India speeches see ManfredWeidhorn's Foreword to the new (firstAmerican) edition of Churchill's India, ICSA38(b), published by and available from theeditor.

Churchill, Europe and the FutureThank you for another great issue, number#72, particularly your leader on page 3. Buton reading page 33 with your "More Rele-vant Than Ever" article I found that ouropinions differ here and there. There havebeen times when I thought it impossible that Iwould ever write anything in defence ofGermany — those were times twenty ormore years ago when it was still being run bya generation that had completed its educationin the Nazi era. You could feel it in the airwhen traveling through the country. It wasstill there when I was doing my national ser-vice in the Dutch army and went frequentlyinto Germany on manoeuvres. Nowadays thenasty smell has all but gone. Younger peoplewith open minds and Western attitudesdominate the scene, far too numerous and in-fluential for the neo-Nazi riff-raff one hearsabout occasionally. Things in Germany real-ly have changed. Fermanagh and Tyronewere and may still be among the things thathaven't — and Churchill, too, saw them assuch if I interpret his 1922 remark correctly.The somewhat slanted appraisal of Germanyin your piece is probably due to distance.

Living near a volcano seems utterlydangerous to everyone except those who livethere, and so it is living next to large, power-ful countries. They inspire fear by theirsheer size; it is easy to conceive the enemy inthem, and young Germans are only toowell aware of this. They know that theirrecord as a nation still puts them at a disad-vantage. Unification and the prospect of aneven more powerful Germany have ag-gravated this situation. But Mrs. Aung SanSuu Kyi, the Burmese Nobel Peace Prizeawardee, has said that it is not power thatcorrupts, but fear: the fear that is withineverybody, including the Germans, andourselves.

In stages over the past decade or two Ihave stopped perceiving Germany as a coun-try likely to throw its weight around. TheGermans have too much at stake. They wantto have their Bundeswehr integrated with theFrench army to become the nucleus of a

European defence force. What moreguarantee against aggression would onewant? I'm all for it. In that light a Germanultimatum to Serbia is not much more than agesture.

I agree that the potential for conflict in theworld today is as large as ever, but not everyconflict is serious enough to result in war.One or two disputes were mentioned in yourarticle that I didn't know existed. The pres-ent Yugoslav civil war is a demonstration ofhow the world has changed: all the majorEuropean countries and some from overseasare trying to contain the conflict, mostlyworking through established inter- andsupernational organisations. Compare this to1914 or 1939. If this isn't progress, what is?

If there was a quick-fire way to "releaseourselves from these permanent states ofcrisis and disaster," then someone wouldhave stumbled on it by now. But conflicts arein the minds of people. They take the form ofignorance of other cultures, races, creeds.It's a slippery slope, almost impossible toreverse on, so perhaps we ought to start atthe top. Our generation is far better travelledthan previous ones; even people who do littlebesides soak up the sun must sooner or laterreach the conclusion that the "filthyforeigners" they see are more like them thandifferent. Here again we have an advantageover our forebears.

Are Churchill's thought and wisdom"more relevant than ever?" I should certain-ly think so, in the sense that we continue toneed to protect ourselves. Churchill has donemore than any other individual statesman tobring about a situation in which our presentpolitical structures could be erected andgrow. Freedom and peace must be wellguarded, and among the new instruments fordoing so is the long-overdue EuropeanDefence Community, which I hope will oneday form a strong alliance with the USA andCanada — and why not Australia, NewZealand and Japan as well — and the "Unionof Sovereign States"? Such an alliancewould not just serve as a deterrent to anycountry foolish enough to challenge it, butalso help to guarantee democracy.

We must also broaden and strengthen ourinternational organisations. And therefore,yes, I do support the European Community.May our national governments soon find thecourage to grant it an equitable but sufficientmeasure of executive power of its own. Ofcourse it has its shortcomings, and a lumber-ing bureaucracy is one of them. Give me onelarge country or institution not sufferingfrom the same evil. Also, give me anotherexample of sovereign democratic statesvoluntarily organising themselves on thesame scale and to the same extent. Say whatyou will of the EC, I think it's marvelouseven the way it is.

DOEKE J. OOSTRA. EMMELOORD, HOLLAND

Mr. Oostra and I have exchanged letters for27 years, though we have met but thrice; Ihave never had a letter from him that didn't


make me think, and widen my perspectives. Itwas thus with delight that I found him in-terested enough in Churchill to become aFriend of the Societies. (See his remarks atthe collapse of the Berlin Wall, FH #65, p.3). Although his letter and my reply are howsix months old, I thought readers would liketo read them. . . .

A few defenses. First, I was not predicting arevival of the Nazi Reich in Germany, but thepotential for the revival of a certain mindset,a way of doing things, that is not entirely un-familiar. Second, the view I quoted aboutGermany was a European, not an Americancomment. Third, the disputes I mentionedwere brought to my attention by Europeans,via shortwave radio (see page 3).

We all know about Croatia vs. Serbia andArmenia vs. Azerbaijan. Radio Prague alsoreports that the Czechs and Slovaks may benearing a break-up — and cordially hateeach other. Radio Moscow reports territorial"disagreements" between Russia andMoldavia. Lithuania was not independent amonth before Radio Vilnius reported ' 'distur-bances" in several parishes bordering onPoland, where an ethnic Polish majority hadattempted more or less to transfer theirallegiance to Poland. This was put down —but not before a commentator on RadioPolonia reminded listeners that part ofLithuania including its capital ("Vilna" tothe Poles) had been cut out of Poland by theRussians in 1940; and that Poland had beenshifted west en bloc at Yalta [against the pro-tests of Churchill], where it inherited ascitizens a lot of unwelcome Silesian Ger-mans. None of these statements were madeby distant Americans . . .

That the nations which spent much of thelast century figuring out ways to slay eachother have now adopted a degree of unity inthought and action is, on the face of it, com-mendable. Other nations, which lost genera-tions fighting in Europe's wars — like Britain— can perhaps be forgiven for being just ateensy bit chary about the vast new groupingsof the good old European family. ABundeswehr integrated with the French Armyas a guarantee against aggression? One mayonly hope that this may prove to be as suc-cessful as you say.

We must all hope that the EuropeanDefence [Defense] Community may soon takeover European defense, incidentally reliev-ing American taxpayers of that role. Will itdo so? Perhaps, if we allow Churchill'swisdom to govern its development. He leftquite a gameplan. Had it been followed,World War II would have never occurred.

Is Europe "working through establishedinter- and supernational organisations"?Here is one more shortwave comment, on 9December over the BBC: If Germany followsthrough on "her rumoured intent torecognize Croatia," it will be the second

time this century that she has done so, andshe has thrown a spanner into the works bothtimes. By recognizing Croatia and Sloveniaat this juncture, the commentator says,"Germany will short-circuit the EuropeanCommunity and the United Nations'' — thosevery supernational organisations — "andwill exacerbate attempts to mediate the con-flict. " Germany has since browbeaten theEC into premature recognition of Croatiaand Slovenia; Germany herself did so first.

There is a case for easing trade barriers inEurope; there may even be a case for a com-mon or alternative currency. There is nocase — and Churchill proved there never is— for tariff barriers that create trade wars,sometimes leading to shooting wars, or forinternational clubs open only to prosperousnations.

As Prime Minister, Margaret Thatchersensed that the EC was an engine that shouldbe driven by economic forces rather than abureaucracy issuing diktats — and that it wasrumbling forward as if Brezhnev and the EvilEmpire still existed. She wanted to pause andtake a look — to reconsider strategy in thelight of developments since the Berlin Wallfell. But her message was distorted beyondbelief by the media. If the EC is really a com-munity, let it pause before wrapping its dozenmembers in their supernational cloak; pauseto consider the Europe east of the Elbe andnorth of the Danube.

Another example of "sovereigndemocratic states voluntarily organisingthemselves on the same scale and to the sameextent?" The thirteen states of America, whoin 1787 put tariffs, separate currencies andpetty jealousies behind them and drafted adocument called the Constitution of theUnited States. Interestingly, they didn 't leaveany states on the continent out.

RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

ICS PublicationsI'm probably the only reader confused by thedescriptions of publications on pages 36-37of Finest Hour #71. Am I right in assumingthat "Churchill Bibliographic Data" willshortly be "out of date" owing to forthcom-

ing revisions of the Amplified Woods list incenter sections of issues #73-75? Can the"Data" booklet be updated by taking theleaves out of forthcoming Finest Hours andreplacing them in the stapled "Data"booklets? Will this not make it a little sloppy,unlike the usual ICS publication? I presumefuture copies of "Data" will contain the up-dates you are publishing in issues #73-75.But then, whenever there is a new change,will it not have to be slipped in with the oldsheets? How often will it be necessary toprint new bound editions incorporating thesechanges? Doesn't the same problem occurwith your own forthcoming "Guide to theBooks of Sir Winston Churchill"? Each timesomething new is discovered, an addendumsheet of some sort will have to be printed andslipped in.

GERRY LECHTER, FT. LEE NJ, USA

It's confusing, I know. "ChurchillBibliographic Data" will not look sloppyafter the insertions of replacement pages,because it is not "bound. "Its covers merely' 'sandwich'' the pages and the whole thing isstapled together. Alan Fitch makes up onlyenough copies to satisfy orders. Therefore,as the new "Amplified Woods List" comesout, he merely throws out the correspondingsection of his old Amplified Woods List infavor of the new pages which I supply him.Of course each new section did not cover ex-actly the same items, so Alan decided to waituntil the replacement is complete before mak-ing any changes in "Data" make-up. Thetransformation started in the center of issue#73 is near complete; up-to-date copies of"Churchill Bibliographic Data" will beavailable shortly.

With regard to the ' 'Guide to Books,'' anychecklist or bibliography is obsolete the dayit is published; that's the nature of the game.I do not foresee trying to keep the "Guide"up to date with addenda sheets. Addenda andcorrigenda will be published in Finest Hourfor those who wish to make pen and ink cor-rections in their books; when enough has ac-cumulated, we will simply publish a new edi-tion of the "Guide." continued))}

RIDDLES, MYSTERIES, ENIGMASQ: I have the attached letter fromWinston Churchill but I believe it's theUS writer, c. 1890-1920. Am I correct?— John T. Hay, Sacramento, Calif.,USA. (The typed letter signed is dated7 August 1915 from King's Grant,Windsor, Vermont, and reads: "Mydear Mrs. Grant, Your kind letter about"A Far Country" gave me the greatestpleasure. I was very much interested inwhat you have to say about Maude.With kindest regards, Sincerely yours,Winston Churchill.")

A. Indeed it is the American author

Winston Chuzchill, whose novels, in-cluding A Far Country, weie so popularin the early 1900s that young WinstonSpencer Churchill proposed using hismiddle name to distinguish himselffrom his more accomplished colleague.At one point the American Churchillserved in the New Hampshire legisla-ture, and the English Churchill sug-gested it would be fun if his friendbecame President at the same time hebecame Prime Minister! But the statelegislature was as high as Winston theAmerican got. The charming story oftheir first meeting, in Boston, is relatedin "My Early Life.'


Despatch BOX, continued

To ICS United StatesThank you for your invaluable help

in locating the primary source for the"pity to be wrong" quotation fromWinston Churchill [see "InternationalDatelines." -Ed.] I used it again lastweek as I addressed the InternationalInstitute for Strategic Studies inLondon. You are absolutely right — itis very appropriate for the times.

I am delighted to accept an honorarymembership in the International Chur-chill Society of the United States.Thank you also for the copies of FinestHoui. They contain some wonderfulmaterial and I shall treasure them.

COLIN L. POWELL, CHAIRMAN

JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, WASHINGTON, DC

Election 1955 MemoriesThe photo of WSC and Clementine

in issue #73 was from 1955 not 1951,and I thought your readers might enjoya little information thereon.

A General Election was called for 26May 1955, and although Sir Winstontoured the Constituency and addressedseveral meetings during precedingweeks, he and Lady Churchill did notarrive on Polling Day until the evening,when they dined with Sir StuartMallinson at Woodford Green. Asescort I duly called for them sometimeafter 10 PM to take them to the count-ing of votes at the Sir James HawkeyHall, Woodford. As they entered thefoyer Churchill turned to the right toenter the gentlemen's toilet, followedby Lady C! "Are you joining me, mydear?" he enquired, whereupon shecollapsed on his shoulder. By chance apress photographer took the snap, andit appeared in the Daily Sketch onSaturday May 28th. I have a copy of thephotograph in my archives.

Incidentally, Sir James Hawkey, asvice chairman of the Epping Consti-tuency Conservative Association, wasmainly responsible for the invitation toChurchill to stand as its candidate atthe 1924 General Election. Theirfriendship lasted until Hawkey's deathin 1952.

On 24 April 1953 Mr. Churchill wasinvested with the Garter; on 19 May1953 I was elected Mayor of theBorough of Wanstead and Woodford —Coronation Year! I laid the FoundationStone of the Hawkey Hall, with SirWinston playing 'second fiddle' as ouresteemed MP. For the occasion I waspresented with an engraved silvertrowel with an ivory handle by theHall's architect. After the ceremonyWSC was invited to lay a few bricksbeside the 'stone,' and in so doing

"Are you joining me, my dear1." (1955)

broke the handle off my trowel —much to the amusement of the guests.

On 26 March 1955 Churchill droveto Woodford to open the Sir JamesHawkey Hall. In his speech he said howpleased he was to see Hawkey's son, SirRoger, with his daughter Sally, whowas celebrating her 21st birthday thatday. Thus you can understand thedepth of the friendship which grew upbetween the Churchill family and theburgesses of the Parliamentary Divi-sions of Epping and Woodford.

DONALD L. FORBES, CBE, JP, FCA

WOODFORD GREEN, ESSEX

Australian SaluteOn your tour of Australia last year

you lunched at Wyndham Estate andmet our cousin, Digby Matheson. Hehas contacted us regarding a poem byour mother, Myra Steer, which we havepleasure in sending to you, in anAustralian Comforts Fund copy. Mostof her poems were written during thewar years. In the family are severalletters written by Winston and one byClementine Churchill, and we haveenclosed a photocopy of these.

Myra Pickering Steer was born in1888 and spent her entire life in thesoutheast corner of Queensland. In1915 she married Rev. John Steer,reared six children, and wrote pro-lifically. She wrote many poems,which were published mainly in thelocal newspaper, and printed two booksof verse: "My Pin-Up Man and OtherPoems" during WW2 and "SelectedPoems" during the Coronation Year1953. She had a weekly children'scolumn and also wrote a children'sbook, "Bandai." She passed away in1964.

JOHN & JOY STEER, TEWANTIN, QUEENSLAND

My Pin-Up Manby Myra Steer, 1888-1964

He's pinned up in me kitchen, whereI sees him every day,

An' I often sez, "God bless him," forhe helps me on me way,

He ain't what you'd call handsome,but his face it makes you care;

For he looks like some ol' gran' dukedreamin' in his ol' armchair.

'Taint a "swell" room for to pin him,but I likes him there the best.

It's the place where most I needs himin me long endurance test.

An' though it's gettin' shabby — needsnew lino on the floor —

Well, I kind o' just don't see it withhim sittin' by the door.

Still an' all I get rebellious, peelin'spuds the same ol' way,

Washin' up the piles o' dishes,sweepin', cookin' every day.

With me fam'ly in the forces, an'releasin' man-pow'r too,

I do get so awful weary, I do get soawful blue.

And it's when I starts a-thinkin', andfeels as I could sob,

Comes a chuckle from me "pin-up,"an' a voice sez, "Do your job!"

An' I sort of stands attention, an' Iseem to read his mind;

He's a man wot scorns a shirker, an'the folks wot lag behind.

An' I sort of hear him sayin', "Blood,an' toil, an' tears, and sweat!

I have nothin' else to offer." We shallbe victorious yet,

"For we'll fight 'em on the beaches, inthe hills, the field, the street,

An' we never shall surrender, "Weshall never take defeat!"

An' I kind o' see Ol' England — Isle o'Greatness o'er the sea —

Bombed and bleedin', with her Alliesfightin' for the likes o' me.

So I peels me spuds an' whistles, for metears won't let me sing —

An' I cooks a coupon dinner wot mighttempt a hungry king.

Now, there ain't no housewife medals— if she dies, no epitaph;

But she fights her daily battle, one an'only on the staff;

An' what I sez is logic, maybe, consola-tion, too,

It depends upon yer stoker how yer getsyer engine through.

An' me "Pin-up" man, he helps me, soI talks to him, I do.

An' I sez, "God bless you, guide you,help you see them dreams cometrue."

He's no glamour boy, I'll grant you,bein' just too old by far —

But he's England's "Bull-dog" Chur-chill, dreamin' with his ol' cigar.

"Young Winston" EndingsI have been trying for a long while to

get a true and accurate copy of "YoungWinston," starring Simon Ward, in-cluding the original final scene. This?


ACTION THIS DAYFIRST QUARTER 1892* Age 17

In France to study French,against his wishes, Winston waspleased to receive invitations todine from aristocratic Frenchfriends of his parents. He also en-joyed a visit to the morgue but hewas somewhat disappointed thatthere were ' 'only 3 macabres — nota good bag."

After returning to HarrowWinston took up his pen withletters to The Hanovian, over aseries of pseudonyms, particularly'Junius Junior.' He complained ofthe use of the Speech Room toweras a classroom, of the constantplaying of organ music and of theshortage of towels in the gymnasi-um dressing room. On one occa-sion the editors of The Hanovianomitted parts of his letter "whichseemed to us to exceed the limitsof fair criticism."

Churchill later recalled receivingthe following admonition from theReverend Mr. Welldon: ' 'My boy, Ihave observed certain articleswhich have recently appeared inThe Harrovian, of a character notcalculated to increase the respectof the boys for the constitutedauthorities of the school. As TheHarrovian is anonymous I shall notdream of inquiring who wrotethose articles, but if any more ofthe same sort appear, it mightbecome my painful duty to swishyou ."

FIRST QUARTER 1917» Age 42As Churchill celebrated the New

Year at Blenheim, he realized thathis chances of coming back topower were not good. As he wrote

Lord Fisher: "Our common ene-mies are all powerful today andfriendship counts for less thannothing. I am simply existing."

The return to power would fol-low only exoneration by the Dar-danelles Commission of Enquiry.In a letter to the CommissionChurchill declared: "If ever therewas an operation in the history ofwar which once having been takenshould have been carried throughwith the utmost vigour and at theutmost speed it was the militaryattack on the Gallipoli Peninsula."The War Office, he charged, wasaware of the incompetency of thegenerals even if the Cabinet wasnot. After the military defeat, thepoliticians were also found want-ing in failing to renew the offensive.

Upon receipt of a draft copy ofthe Commission Report fromLloyd George, Churchill wrote along response to the Commissionwhich concluded: "Public opinionis unable to measure the true prop-osition of events. Orthodoxmilitary opinion remains united onthe local view that victory in 1915could only be found by pouring outmen and munitions in frantic ef-forts to break the German en-trenchments in the West. The pas-sage of a few years will throw avery different light on these events.They will then be seen in a truerproportion and perspective. It willthen be understood that the cap-ture of Constantinople and therallying of the Balkans was the onegreat and decisive manoeuvre opento the allied armies in 1915. It willthen be seen that the ill-supportedarmies struggling on the Gallipoli

Peninsula, whose efforts are nowviewed with so much prejudice andrepugnance, were in fact within anace of succeeding in an enterprisewhich would have abridged themiseries of the World and provedthe salvation of our cause. It willthen seem incredible that a dozenold ships, half a dozen divisions, ora few hundred thousand shellswere allowed to stand betweenthem and success. Contemporarieshave condemned the men whotried to force the Dardanelles —History will condemn those whodid not aid them."

He repeated these sentiments inthe Commons debate on the Com-mission's Report: "When thismatter is passed in final reviewbefore the tribunal of history, Ihave no fear where the sympathiesof those who come after us will lie.Your Commission may condemnthe men who tried to force the Dar-danelles, but your children willkeep their condemnation for allwho did not rally to their aid."

FIRST QUARTER 1942* Age 67On New Year's Day Churchill

returned from Ottawa to Washing-ton where he and Roosevelt signedthe United Nations Charter. A fewdays later he flew to PompanoBeach, Florida, for a short vaca-tion, and on 14 January he left theUnited States for home. Over theAtlantic he took over the controlsof a Boeing flying boat, even mak-ing a couple of banked turns.

At a meeting of the War CabinetChurchill reported that Roosevelthad said to trust him to the bitterend. The next day he told the Kingthat he was confident of ultimatevictory.

Dramatic events were takingplace on the Eastern Front as the

showed Churchill after World War II,speaking to the shade of his father["The Dream," first published involume form by ICS in 1987] about theevents since his father's death. Thiswas a brilliant and unforgettable psy-chological formulation and the greatpower of the film. But in the Americanversion, the film ends with footage ofV-E Day with Churchill and the RoyalFamily waving from BuckinghamPalace.

The British Film Institute tells methat "Young Winston" is available onvideo through Video Collection Ltd. ofStrand VCI House, Caxton Way, Wat-ford, Herts. WD1 8UF, but the UK ver-sion "is 120 minutes long as opposed tothe original release time of 157 minutesso the same scene that interests youmay also be cut here as well." Also, ofcourse, British videos are not compati-ble with US equipment, requiring (ex-pensive) conversion.

Can you help me obtain a copy of thefilm with the remarkable last scenepreserved?

DR. HARVEY H. SHAPIRO, CHAMBERSBURG, PA.

We have been aware for some time ofthe original ending featuring "TheDream," and would be glad to know ifany reader has a videotape with theoriginal ending and could duplicate itfor Dr. Shapiro (and us). •


Russians forced Germany to giveup the seige of Sevastopol. Hitlerattributed this German failure tothe severe cold. As desperate as hewas for Russian support, Churchillrefused to acknowledge Sovietclaims to Estonia, Latvia andLithuania.

The horror which the Allies werefighting was graphically illustratedat a February meeting in Wannsee,near Berlin, where, in a ninetyminute meeting, Heydrich out-lined plans for exterminating allJews in Europe. A month later thefirst deportees arrived at Ausch-witz.

At the end of January the newsseemed dark on all fronts. Rommelhad become "a kind of magician orbogeyman" to troops in Africa,-British forces were being pushedback at Singapore; Churchill faceda no-confidence vote in the Com-mons. He won the vote with onlyone dissenter in the Commons andRommel's advance was stopped atLibya, but Singapore fell in whatChurchill called the greatestmilitary defeat in the history of theBritish Empire. Nonetheless,Roosevelt, now also in his Sixties,responded to a Churchill birthdaygreeting: "It is fun to be in thesame decade with you."

Command appointments werebeing made which would eventu-ally carry the Allies to victory.Stilwell was appointed C-in-C, USForces in Chinese Theatre; Harriswas appointed C-in-C, BomberCommand; Mountbatten was ap-pointed C-in-C, Combined Opera-tions; Slim was appointed C-in-C,Burma; and Blarney was appointedC-in-C, Australian forces. Mac-Arthur left the Philippines with thevow, "I shall return." Churchill'sdissatisfaction with Auchlinleck inAfrica grew.

Concern for Churchill's burdensand their affect on his health anddemeanor grew among his familyand associates. His doctor, CharlesWilson, expressed the wish to ' 'putout the fires that seem to be con-suming him." Brooke commentedthat the Prime Minister was de-jected and "in for a lot more trou-ble." Mary Churchill noted thather father was "saddened — ap-palled by events" and "desperatelytaxed." Eden speculated privately

that Churchill had had a stroke.Churchill wrote Roosevelt that

he was finding it very difficult toget over the fall of Singapore. Itmay have had as traumatic an im-pact on him as the Dardanelles didin the First World War. In hispublic speeches he continued toexude confidence but never with-held the realities of the situation.To the Conservative Party CouncilMeeting, he said: "This is a veryhard war. Its numerous and fearfulproblems reach down to the veryfoundations of human society. Itsscope is worldwide, and it involvesall nations and every man, woman,and child in them. Strategy andeconomics are interwoven. Sea,land, and air are but a single ser-vice. The latest refinements ofscience are linked with thecruelties of the Stone Age. Theworkshop and the fighting line areone. All may fall, and all will standtogether. We must aid each other,must stand by each other."

FIRST QUARTER 1967Randolph Churchill and his

"Young Gentlemen," who toiledunder the direction of MichaelWolff, continued their work onVolume II of the official biography,which they called the Great Work.

Randolph's work schedule wasvery similar to his father's. TheYoung Gentlemen who came to hishome at Stour were invited to readtheir research aloud before, duringand after dinner. If it was parti-cularly good, ' 'lovely grub" in Ran-dolph's term, other researcherswere invited to listen. Much of thereading time was interrupted bytelephone calls, Randolph's anec-dotes and comments, or instruc-tions to refer to something in hisremarkable library. Martin Gilbertsaid that Randolph could "sniff outdubious facts like a bloodhound."The reading aloud continued untilabout midnight when all departedexcept for Randolph and the YoungGentleman on duty. They workeduntil the early hours of the morn-ing.

The outside secretaries arrivedabout 9:00 a.m. to type the night'swork. The manuscript had to beready to show Randolph when hecalled for it by noon.

Action This Day: 2nd Quarter

SECOND QUARTER 1892 • Age 17Winston's great achievement

this term was the winning of afencing championship. He reportedto his mother that he was ' 'far andaway first. Absolutely untouchedin the finals." He also wrote to hisfather about his accomplishments,asking for more money. Lord Ran-dolph's response focused on thefinancial request: "I send you £1but you are really too extravagant. . . If you were a millionaire youcould not be more extravagant . . .This cannot last, and if you are notmore careful should you get intothe army six months of it will seeyou in Bankruptcy Court."

The Hanovian recognized theachievements overlooked in thepaternal response. The commentsin the student paper indicated howChurchill would fight battles all ofhis life: " . . . his quick and dashingattack . . . took his opponents bysurprise." It would not be the lasttime that "Churchill must be con-gratulated on his success over allhis opponents . . . many of whommust have been much taller andmore formidable than himself."

SECOND QUARTER 1917 • Age 42The Churchills purchased a new

home at Lullenden in Sussex. LadyRandolph signed the Deed (shownrecently on ICS' visit), suggestingthat she provided backing or someother form of support.

After the report of the Dar-danelles Commission, the politicalfate of Churchill lay in the hands ofhis old friend, Lloyd George. Chur-chill opposed the attack on theWestern Front, wanting to wait un-til American forces could arrive inEurope. Lloyd George realized thatit would be better to have his friendin the Government rather thancriticizing from the outside, buthis Tory allies were adamantly op-posed to Churchill's inclusion.Churchill later wrote that he wastold by Lloyd George that he wouldeventually be brought in: "I be-came to a large extent his colleague.He repeatedly discussed with meevery aspect of the war and many ofhis secret hopes and fears."


In late May, Churchill returnedto the continent, where he metMarshal Foch, Sir Henry Wilson,and Sir Douglas Haig, amongothers. One of the others was LordEsher, Liaison Officer between theBritish and French War Offices anda pillar of the political establish-ment. A letter from Esher to Haigoutlines the views that many hadof Churchill at the time: "A trueappreciation of Winston Churchill— of his potential uses — is a dif-ficult matter. The degree to whichhis clever but unbalanced mindwill in future fulfill its respon-sibilities is very speculative. Hehandles great subjects in rhyth-mical language, and becomesquickly enslaved by his ownphrases. He deceives himself intothe belief that he takes broadviews, when his mind is fixed uponone comparatively small aspect ofthe question.

' 'The power of Winston for goodand evil is very considerable. Histemperament is of wax and quick-silver, and this strange toy amusesand fascinates L George, who likesand fears him . . . To me he ap-pears not as a statesman, but as apolitician of keen intelligence lack-ing in those puissant qualities thatare essential in a man who is toconduct the business of our coun-try through the coming year. I hopetherefore that he may remain out-side the Government."

Notwithstanding these views, inJuly Churchill returned to theGovernment as Minister of Muni-tions.

SECOND QUARTER • Age 67Harry Hopkins and General Mar-

shall visited Churchill to relayPresident Roosevelt's "heart andmind" concerning a second front.They told the Prime Minister thatAmerican public opinion wasweighted toward priority againstJapan, but that American leadersconsidered Germany the primaryenemy. They agreed on a cross-channel invasion in 1943 andnamed it Operation Roundup. Inthe meantime, they would engagethe enemy in Africa and, Churchillhoped, Norway. The Germans pre-pared for the cross-channel as-

sault by appointing Field MarshalVon Rundstedt Commander inChief, Atlantic Wall Defences.

Losing patience with the pace ofwar in North Africa, Churchillordered General Auchinleck toengage the enemy, but Rommelwas the first to take the initiativewith an attack on 26 May. Chur-chill pressed the importance of notlosing Malta as a supply base, andsent the following message toAuchinleck: "Your decision tofight it out to the end is most cor-dially endorsed. We shall sustainyou whatever the result. Retreatwould be fatal. This is a businessnot only of armour but of will-power. ''

While the battles raged in Africathere was also considerable actionelsewhere. Bataan and Corregidorfell but the Japanese Navy wasstopped at the Battle of Midway. InEurope the Allies sent 1,000bombers against Cologne. Ger-many lost a potential successor toHitler with the assassination ofHeydrich. As the Germans wagedcampaigns against partisansthroughout the Eastern Front,news reached Warsaw that gas wasbeing used on Jews in Auschwitz.

Churchill decided that plans foroperations had to be finalized so heset out to visit Roosevelt inAmerica. Before leaving he advisedthe King to appoint Anthony Edenas Prime Minister should anythinghappen on this trip. The Britishand American leaders met first atRoosevelt's home at Hyde Park,New York. On returning to Wash-ington, Churchill was informedthat Tobruk had fallen. This wasone of the heaviest blows he re-ceived during the war, comparableto the loss of Singapore.

Before returning to Britain, hewrote Auchinleck: "Do not havethe slightest anxiety about thecourse of affairs at home. Whateverviews I may have about how thebattle was fought or whether itshould have been fought a gooddeal earlier, you have my entireconfidence and I share your respon-sibilities to the full . . . "

The course of affairs at home,which Churchill called "a beauti-ful row," involved a debate on avote of censure in the House ofCommons. Churchill later wrote

that had he led a party governmenthe might have suffered the fate ofChamberlain in May 1940, but theNational Coalition Governmentwas strong enough to survive "along succession of misfortune anddefeats in Malaya, Singapore andBurma; Auchinleck's lost battle inthe Desert; Tobruk, unexplained,and, it seemed, inexplicable,- therapid retreat of the Desert Army andthe loss of all our conquests inLibya and Cyrenaica; four hundredmiles of retrogression towards theEgyptian frontier. . . . "

In this case Churchill's Govern-ment was supported by 475 votesto 25. Parallels were drawn be-tween Churchill and Pitt who ex-perienced similar dark days in1799, but, sustained by the Houseof Commons, emerged victorious.

SECOND QUARTER 1967War journalism had been a Chur-

chill family accomplishment forseventy-five years. Winston hadcovered hostilities in Africa, Indiaand Cuba. His son, Randolph,covered the Spanish Civil War,and, in 1945 — victorious in warbut defeated in politics — became aroving, syndicated reporter. Helater covered the Korean War andthe Suez and Sinai campaigns.

The present Winston Churchill,M.P., son of Randolph, had justcompleted a reporting tour ofSouth Vietnam when his fatherchallenged him to visit the MiddleEast and view the escalating crisisfrom the Israeli side. In Israel hebefriended Moshe Dayan and wasbreakfasting with David BenGurion at the King David Hotel inJerusalem on 22 May when theformer Israeli Prime Minister heardthe news that Nasser had closedthe Straits of Tiran. Ben Gurionremarked: "This means war."

Winston was back in Londonwhen the war began but he soonreturned to the Middle East, thistime to report for the London Eve-ning News. In the middle of thewar, which lasted only six days, hereceived the following telegramfrom Randolph: SUGGEST WE DO JOINT

RUSH BOOK STOP WHAT DO YOU SAY STOPLOVE = FATHER. The book, publishedin 1968, was entitled The Six DayWai. •


IMMORTAL WORDS

"WESTWARD, LOOK, THE LAND IS BRIGHT"It was with indescribable relief

that I learned of the tremendous decisions lately takenby the President and people of the United States.

The American Fleet and flying boats have been ordered to patrolthe wide waters of the Western Hemisphere,

and to warn the peaceful shipping of all nationsoutside the combat zone of the presence of lurking U-boats

or raiding cruisers belonging to the two aggressor nations.We British shall therefore be able to concentrate our protecting

forcesfar more upon the routes nearer home . . .

When I said ten weeks ago, "Give us the tools and we will finish the job,'I meant, give them to us;

put them within our reach —and that is what it now seems the Americans are going to do.

While therefore we naturally view with sorrow and anxietymuch that is happening in Europe and in Africa,

and may happen in Asia,we must not lose our sense of proportion

and thus become discouraged or alarmed.When we face with a steady eye

the difficulties which lie before us,we may derive new confidence from remembering

those we have already overcome.Nothing that is happening now is comparable in gravity

with the dangers through which we passed last year.Last time I spoke to you I quoted the lines of Longfellow

which President Roosevelt had written out for me in his own hand.I have some other lines which are less well known

but which seem apt and appropriate to our fortunes tonight,and I believe they will be so judged

wherever the English language is spokenor the flag of freedom flies:

"For while the tired waves, vainly breaking,Seem here no painful inch to gain,

Far back, through creeks and inlets making,Comes silent, flooding in, the main.

' 'And not by eastern windows only,When daylight comes, comes in the light;

In front the sun climbs slow, how slowly!But westward, look, the land is bright."

BROADCAST, LONDON, 27 APRIL 1941

THE INTERNATIONAL CHURCHILL SOCIETIES • AUSTRALIA • CANADA • UNITED KINGDOM • UNITED STATESTHE RT. HON. SIR WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

published quarterly by the international churchill societies ......sherlock holmes pastiche,...

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