publicus-js-ncpag-governance and the philippine administrative system

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Governance

and thePhilippine Administrative System

Dr. Edn a Est i f ani a A . CoUnivers i t y o f t he Ph i l ipp ines

19 J u ly 2010



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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATIONI. FROM GOVERNMENT TO GOVERNANCE

A. CHANGING NOTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

B. GOVERNANCE AND ITS DOMAINS1. state2. private sector3. civil society organizations

C. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

D. TYPES OF GOVERNANCE



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II. THE PHILIPPINE

ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMA. WHAT IS THE PHILIPPINE

ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM?

B. FIVE MAIN TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS1. Constitutional Bodies

2. Executive Departments3. Government Owned and

Controlled Corporations

4. Local Government Units5. State Colleges and Universities

C. THREE TIER GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE(D. STRUCTURE OF JUDICIAL BRANCH)



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III. THE PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVESYSTEM AS AN ENABLING INSTITUTION

A. ELEMENTSB. POWER BASEC. DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTESD. CAPABILITY BUILDINGAPPROACHE. COMMUNITIES

http://e/governance.ppt#-1,1,PowerPoint%20Presentation



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What is Governance?

It is the exercise of political, economic andadministrative authority to manage a nation’saffairs. It is the complex mechanisms , processes ,relationships and institutions through whichcitizens and groups articulate their interests,

exercise their rights and obligations and mediatetheir differences.

I. FROM GOVERNMENT TO GOVERNANCE



Domains of Governance

• State – conceptions of the state will mean aredefined role of governments in social integration,the economy and protection of the environment;protecting the vulnerable in the population; creatingpolitical commitment to economic, social andpolitical restructuring; providing infrastructure;

decentralising and democratising government andstrengthening the financial and administrativecapacities of local, urban and metropolitan

government.



• Private Sector – plays a major role in the marketapproach to economic development. The marketapproach is concerned with creating conditions inwhich the production of goods and services canflourish with the support of an enablingenvironment for private sector activity and aneconomic framework of incentives and rewards forgood organizational and individual performance.The extent and nature of government interventionwill clearly need to be considered carefully in thelight of particular national and international

circumstances.



• Civil Society Organizations – facilitate politicaland social interaction and mobilise various groups

in society to participate in economic, social andpolitical activities. They are creations of society.They provide important checks and balances ongovernment power and on the private sector, butthey can also contribute to, and strengthen, both of the other domains.



They have an important role in:a) Mitigating the potentially adverse effects of

economic instability,b) Creating efficient mechanisms for allocating

social benefits, and

c) Providing a voice for poorer groups inpolitical and government decision-making.They can also serve as means for protectingand strengthening cultural and religiousbeliefs and values.



StateCivilSociety

Private

Sector



Characteristics of Good Governance

• Participatory• Sustainable• Legitimate and acceptable to the people• Transparent•

Promotes Equity and Equality• Able to develop resources and methods of

governance• Promotes gender balance• Tolerates and accepts diverse perspectives• Able to mobilise resources for social purposes



•

Strengthens indigenous mechanisms• Operates by rule of law• Efficient and effective in the use of resources• Engenders and commands respect and trust• Accountable• Able to define and take ownership of national

solutions• Enabling and facilitative• Regulatory rather than controlling• Able to deal with temporal issues• Service-oriented

Source: UNDP Reconceptualising Governance (January, 1997), p.19.



Types of Governance

• Economic governance – includes processes of decision-making that directly or indirectly affect acountry’s economic activities or its relationships withother economies.

• Political governance – refers to decision-making andpolicy implementation of a legitimate and

authoritative state. The state should consist of separate legislative, executive and judicial branches,represent the interest of a pluralist polity and allow

citizens to freely elect their representatives.



• Administrative governance is a system of policyimplementation carried out through an efficient,

independent , accountable and open public sector.• Systematic governance – encompasses the processes

and structures of society that guide political and socio-economic relationships to protect cultural and religiousbeliefs and values, to create and maintain and

environment of health, freedom, security and with theopportunity to exercise personal capabilities that lead toa better life for all people.

http://e/pas.PPT#-1,1,THE%20PHILIPPINE%20ADMINISTRATIVE%20SYSTEM%20(PAS)















• Institutionalization – the social process by whichindividuals come to accept a shared definition of social reality—a conception whose validity is seenas independent of the actor’s own views or actionsbut is taken for granted as defining ‘the way things

are’ and/or the ‘way things are to be done.’• Formal organizations – composed of groups of

individuals who come together to pursue agreedobjectives that would otherwise be unattainable orthat would be attainable but only with significantly

reduced efficiency and effectiveness.



II. THE PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVESYSTEM (PAS)

this refers to a network of public organizationswith specificgoals, policies, structures, resources and

programsit includes the processes of and interactionbetween and among these public organizationsthese organizations are constituted toimplement, help formulate, monitor or assess

public policies



THE PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM (PAS)it covers these organizations’ relationship with theirimmediate public-in-contact as well as their reactionto or how the greater socio-politico and economicenvironment within which they operate affect them

traditionally, the PAS refers to the executivebranch, all offices and instrumentalities thereof, localgovernment units, government owned and controlledcorporations and chartered institutions such as statecolleges and universities



THE PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM:STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

The Philippine Administrative System is composedof five (5) main types of institutions:

A. Constitutional BodiesB. Executive DepartmentsC. Government-Owned and Controlled

CorporationsD. Local Government Units

E. State College and Universities



CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES - institutionswhose existence is specifically provided for in the1987 constitution

Civil Service CommissionCommission on AuditCommission on Elections

OTHER BODIESCommission on Human RightsOffice of the Ombudsman



GOVERNMENT-OWNED AND CONTROLLEDCORPORATIONS

any agency organized as a stock or non-stockcorporation vested with functions relating to publicneeds whether governmental or proprietary in natureand owned by the government directly or through itsinstrumentalities, either wholly, or, where applicableas in the case of stock corporations, to the extent of atleast fifty-one (51) per cent of the capital stock

ex. government financial institutions - Development Bankof the Philippines, Land Bank of the Philippines



CHARTERED INSTITUTIONS

refer to any agency organized or operating undera special charter, and vested by law with functionsrelating to special constitutional policies orobjectives. this term includes State Universitiesand Colleges and the monetary authority of thestate



LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS - Territorialand political subdivision of the State

A. REGIONS - AUTONOMOUS REGION OFMUSLIM MINDANAO ( provinces of Lanaodel sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Basilan and City of Marawi with 93municipalities and 2,138 barangays)

B. PROVINCES (80)C. CITIES (116)D. MUNICIPALITIES (1,494)

E. BARANGAYS (42, 000)



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CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINESS E N A T E

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

PRESIDENT

VICE-PRESIDENT

SUPREME COURT ANDLOWER COURTS

CONSTITUTIONALBODIES

OTHER EXECUTIVEOFFICES

DEPARTMENTOF FINANCE

DEPARTMENT OFBUDGET ANDMANAGEMENT

NATIONAL ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT

AUTHORITY

DEPARTMENT OFFOREIGN AFFAIRS OFFICE OF THE PRESS

SECRETARY

DEPARTMENT OFAGRARIAN REFORM

DEPARTMENT OFAGRICULTURE

DEPARTMENT OFENVIRONMENT ANDNATURAL RESOURCES

DEPARTMENTOF TOURISM

DEPARTMENT OFTRADEAND INDUSTRY

DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY

DEPARTMENT OFPUBLIC WORKS ANDHIGHWAYS

DEPARTMENT OFTRANSPORTATIONAND COMMUNICATIONS

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,CULTURE AND SPORTS

STATE COLLEGESAND UNIVERSITIES

DEPARTMENT OF LABORAND EMPLOYMENT

DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIALWELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENTOF NATIONALDEFENSE

DEPARTMENT OFSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT

OF JUSTICE

DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

AUTONOMOUS REGIONOF MUSLIM MINDANAO

CORDILLERAADMINISTRATIVEREGION

LOCAL GOVERNMENTUNITS

THREE TIER GOVERNMENT STRUCTURELEGISLATIVE BRANCH EXECUTIVE BRANCH JUDICIAL BRANCH

GENERAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR

AGRICULTURE, AGRARIAN REFORM AND ENVIRONMENT SECTORTRADE AND INDUSTRY SECTOR

ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR EDUCATION, CULTURE AND MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT SECTOR

HEALTH AND WELFARE SECTOR DEFENSE SECTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTOR

PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY SECTOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR

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SUPREME COURT

JUDICIAL BRANCH

REGIONALTRIALCOURTS

COURT OFTAXAPPEALS

SANDIGANBAYANCOURT OF

APPEALS

SHARI’ADISTRICTCOURTS

SHARI’ACIRCUITCOURTS

METROPOLITANTRIAL COURTS

MUNICIPAL TRIALCOURTS IN CITIES

MUNICIPALCIRCUITTRIAL COURTS

MUNICIPALTRIAL COURTS

Th Phili i Ad i i t ti S t E bli I tit ti

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D. UTILIZING PAS POWERTO ENHANCE PEOPLEPOWER

• acknowledges people asultimate source and endof state power

• enforces the law fairlyand justly• implements public policy

efficiently• institutionalizes access

to PAS' services• decentralizes and makes

operations transparent• listens to and works with

the people• uses local language/

keeps proceduressimple

A. ELEMENTS• goals• structures

• resources• policies• programs

B. POWER BASE• instrument of state• enforcer of law• implementor of public policy• extensive structure• service delivery system• participant in policy formulation

process• technical knowledge

C. DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES• just & fair enforcement of the law• participatory & consultative• accessible• decentralized• efficient & service-oriented

• accountable• pro-equity

PEOPLE

CAPABILITY BUILDINGAPPROACH A. CHARACTERISTICS

• organized• critically aware• has vision of what they want

B. CAPABILITY BUILDINGPROCESS

• problem identification• objective setting

• program planning• structure building

C. OUTCOME• effective self-sustaining

community organizations• community problems-solving

capability• community sense of efficacy

and power• partnership/linkage with outside

structures• community self-management

process installed

THE PASEMPOWERMENT

PROCESS COMMUNITIES

E N V I R O N M E N T

The Philippine Administrative System as an Enabling Institution



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How did ARMM start?HISTORICALLY…

Muslims in the South fought for independence andself-rule

Armed conflict between the military and Mororebels for more than three (3) decades

“ Moro problem”

The Autonomous Region inMuslim Mindanao



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LEGALLY…

1976 Tripoli Agreement : identified areas of autonomy

RA 6734 ( Organic Act for ARMM ): created ARMMin August 1989

RA 9054 ( Act to Strengthen and Expand the OrganicAct for ARMM): amended RA 6734 and definedcomponent areas of ARMM after ratification August2001

How did ARMM start?



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PuertoPrincesa

Dapitan

Dipolog

Zamboanga

Basilan

Cotabato

Marawi City

Iligan

General Santos

SuluTawi-Tawi

Cotabato Province

Maguindanao

Lanao Sur

Sultan Kudarat

Zamboanga delSur

Pagadian

Digos

Siocon

Salug

V itali

Kidapawan

Tupi

N

S

MAP OF EXPANDED ARMM

Land Area= 13,435 sq.kms.



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ARMM

LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY

RLA

27 COMMITTEES

ORG

CABINET

RPDBRPDO

RSCC

RIDC

RDAC

REDC

RMIC

RSDC

LRMC

LGUs RLAs

LDS

MC

SULU

BAS

SHARIAH

TWT

MAG



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LEGEND:

ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim MindanaoRLA Regional Legislative AssemblyLGUs Local Government UnitsRLAs Regional Line AgenciesCABINET MEMBER All Heads of Regional Agencies/DepartmentRPDB Regional Planning and Development BoardRPDO Regional Planning and Development Office

ORG Office of the Regional GovernorRSDC Regional Social Development CommitteeRMIC Regional Macro-Intersectoral CommitteeRIDC Regional Infrastructure Development Committee

REDC Regional Economic Development CommitteeRDAC Regional Development Administration CommitteeRSCC Regional Statistical Coordination CommitteeLRMC LGSP Regional Management Committee



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100%2,837,532ARMM5%129,808Marawi

10%295,565Basilan

11%322,317Tawi-Tawi

22%619,668Sulu

24%669,072Lanao del Sur28%801,102Maguindanao

PERCENTPOPULATIONAREA

Growth Rate= 3.86 HH size: 6.13

Where are we now?

Population



Where are we now?

vast agricultural and marine resourcesmost economically depressed region

poverty incidence = 71.3% ( Nat.=31.8%)

4th – 6 th class municipalities ( >80%)

high illiteracy rate

Economy and Education



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ARMM and the Philippine HumanDevelopment Report 2005

Last 10 provinces always include some of the most conflict-ridden

four (4) out of the five (5) bottomprovinces are all in Southern Mindanao.Basilan, Tawi-Tawi, Maguindanao and

Sulu in the Autonomous Region of MuslimMindanao (ARMM) are ranked 74 to 77respectively



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Also in the bottom 10 provincesLanao del Sur (68)Eastern Samar (69)Western Samar (70)Zamboanga del Norte (72)

Seven (7) of the 10 lowest Human DevelopmentIndex (HDI) ranked provinces are inMindanao.




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Other things being equal, a province inMuslim Mindanao tends on an average to

have (1) an incidence of poverty that ishigher by 32 percentage points; (2) incomeper person that is P11,000 lower (in prices

of 2000); (3) cohort-survival rates in basiceducation that are 31 percentage pointslower; and (4) infant-mortality rates thatare 15 points higher.




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What is HDI?

The HDI is a summary measure of humandevelopment, a concept that champions theprocess of enlarging people’s choices. For

human beings to lead better lives, they must beable to enjoy and have the choice to: (1) a healthyand long lasting existence; (2) have access toknowledge in its different expressions; (3) havethe material resources for a decent standard of living; and (4) freely participate in communitylife and collective affairs.



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2005 HDR ReportThe 2005 PHDR used new and existing researchand multi-disciplinary expertise on the roots of, andcurrent institutional responses to, the armedconflicts on the Moro and Communist fronts.Its objective is to examine these conflicts within theframe of human security and humandevelopment, how these armed conflicts haveweighed on human development at sub-nationallevels, and to discuss alternative actions and policyhandles going forward. Insights from the report areexpected to stir debate on the resolution of the 35-

year Moro and CPP-NPA-NDF conflict



The report underscores that the measure of deprivation “predict” the occurrence of armed encounters across provinces. Inparticular, disparities in the levels of basicservices, such as reliable watersupply, education and electric power, arean important component that feeds intowhether communities regard themselves as

deprived or not.

2005 HDR Report

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