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Publications ofTHE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY
THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM
Amitai- Preiss N., 'The Coins', in Gutfeld O., Ramla: Final Report on the Excavation North of the White Mosque, 2010, pp.265-278.
QEDEMMonographs of the Institute of Archaeology
THE HEBREW UNIVERSITYOF JERUSALEM
51Editorial Board
A. Belfer-Cohen, K. Cytryn-SilvermAn, S. GorodetSKy, e. hoverS, t. ornAn, Z. WeiSS
2010
Oren Gutfeld
RAMLAFINAL REPORT ON THE EXCAVATIONS
NORTH OF THE WHITE MOSQUE
With contributions by
Nitzan Amitai-Preiss, Katia Cytryn-Silverman, Yael Gorin-Rosen, Elias Khamis, Rachel Laureys-Chachy, Ravit Nenner-Soriano,
Matthew J. Ponting, Naama Vilozny
Published with the assistance of Les Amis Belges de l’Université Hébraïque de Jérusalem
Photographs: Niv Avivi, Buki Boaz, Gabi Laron Plans: Miriam Kaplan, Anna Iamin Sections: Rachel Laureys-Chachy
Drawings: Shifra Eisenstein, Rachel Laureys-Chachy, Irena Lidsky, Michel Miles Cover Photographs: Buki Boaz (front), Gabi Laron (back)
©Copyright by the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
ISSN 0333-5844Designed by Noah Lichtinger
Printed by Ahva Press, Jerusalem
C O N T E N T S
List of Illustrations .................................................................................................................................. IX
Preface ....................................................................................................................................................XV
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION – Oren Gutfeld
Chapter 1: General Introduction to the Site .............................................................................................. 3
PART TWO: ARCHITECTURE AND STRATIGRAPHY – Oren Gutfeld
Chapter 2: Introduction ............................................................................................................................11
Chapter 3: Area 62.1 ............................................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 4: Area 81.1 ............................................................................................................................... 43
Chapter 5: Area 81.2 ............................................................................................................................... 59
Chapter 6: Area 82.1 ............................................................................................................................... 75
Chapter 7: Marcus Street ........................................................................................................................ 85
Chapter 8: Stratigraphic Discussion and Conclusions ............................................................................ 91
PART THREE: THE FINDS
Chapter 9: The Ceramic Evidence – Katia Cytryn-Silverman ................................................................ 97
Chapter 10: The Islamic Glass Vessels – Yael Gorin-Rosen ................................................................. 213
Chapter 11: The Coins – Nitzan Amitai-Preiss ..................................................................................... 265
Chapter 12: The Metal Artifacts – Elias Khamis .................................................................................. 279
Chapter 13: Investigation of Pyro-Technological, Metallurgical, and Associated Material – Matthew J. Ponting .......................................................................................................... 287
Chapter 14: The Stone Artifacts – Rachel Laureys-Chachy ................................................................. 303
Chapter 15: The Clay Figurines – Naama Vilozny ................................................................................ 325
Chapter 16: The Bone Artifacts – Oren Gutfeld and Ravit Nenner-Soriano ........................................ 331
265
The present excavation yielded 250 coins, 112 of which could be read.1 Most are bronze, except for one gold coin, three silver coins, and 12 lead coins (a lead bulla was also found and is described below). The earliest is a third-century CE Roman city coin, possibly of Ascalon (no. 1), followed by a fourth-century Roman coin of unclear provenance (no. 2). Nos. 3–8 are Byzantine coins of Heraclius (610–641 CE). The latest are Ottoman coins of the seventeenth century (nos. 90–92).
The pre-Umayyad finds are surprising, given that the city was founded ca. 712–715 CE (see Chapter One) in a previously unsettled area.2 The Roman, Late Roman, and Byzantine coins arrived at the site in one of two ways: either they were lost in the open area between villages that would become the site of the city, or they were brought to the site by its new residents at the time of the city’s establishment. Suleyman, the governor of Jund Filastin, had transferred population from Lydda, his former capital, to the new capital of Ramla.3
Four of the Byzantine coins are of Constans II (641–668 CE), a type that reached Greater Syria (a territory including Jund Filastin) following the Arab conquest (635–641 CE) (Philips and Goodwin 1997). It should be noted that the gold coin of Heraclius (no. 4), displaying three imperial figures, was discovered in a city that was founded some twenty years after the monetary reform of cAbd al-Malik (77 AH/696–697 CE), who banned human imagery from coins. This coin may, however, have been kept because of its value.4
An Arab-Byzantine standing-caliph coin, possibly minted in Jund Filastin, was found at the site (no. 9). It originated from Iliya (Jerusalem),
CHAPTER ELEVEN
T H E C O I N S
Nitzan Amitai-Preiss
Yubna (Yavne), or Lydda, the cities that would surround the future site of Ramla. An Umayyad hybrid coin with the place names cAmman on one side and Tabariyya on the other was also found (no. 25)—a very interesting phenomenon, not least because cAmman was part of Jund Dimashq and Tabariyya was part of Jund al-Urdunn (Bone 2000: 308–309, n. 383). Hybrid coins are very rare.
Of particular interest are the twelve lead coins found at the site, dated by their script to the Umayyad and early Abbasid periods. Few examples are known from Israel and the Near East; some such items come from Beth Shean (Amitai-Preiss 1990–1991: 99, no. 8), Antioch (Miles 1948: 111, no. 103), and Siraf, Iran (Lowick 1985: 27–38). One example of a lead coin was minted at Bacalbek (Amitai-Preiss 1990–1991: 98, no. 6). The minting of lead coins may be attributed to decreased availability of one or more of the metals used to make bronze, due to the fact that bronze was used for making weapons. Also found was a lead bulla (L82.1032.3C, IN 345), measuring 6×10 mm and weighing 3.09 grams (Photo 11.1). One side probably displays part of the name cAbd (عبد); the other side features the letters waw (و) and alif (ا)? The words on both sides may have been the name of an official or a private individual.
Another noteworthy item is coin no. 44. It dates from the Abbasid period and displays the name of an Egyptian official named cAbd al-Malik b. Yazid. He was in office in AH 133–136 (751–753 CE) and again in AH 137–141 (755–758 CE), and is the earliest known Abbasid official whose name appears on both coins and fals weights (Morton 1985: 24).
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Pl. 11.1. Coins from the excavations (numbers are catalogue numbers).
THE COINS
267
key to inscriptions Inscription A: ال اله اال الله وحده “There is no God but
Allah alone” Inscription B: ال اله اال الله وحده ال رشيك له “There is no
God but Allah alone he has no associate”Inscription C: محمد رسول الله “Muhammad the apostle
of God”
Amitai-Preiss, N. 1990–1991. “Arab-Byzantine and Umayyad Coins from the Hebrew University Collection,” Israel Numismatic Journal 11: 96–99.
Balog, P. 1964. The Coinage of the Mamlūk sultans of Egypt and Syria, New York.
Balog, P. “The Coinage of the Mamlūk Sultans: Additions and Corrections,” American Numismatic Society Museum Notes 16 (1970): 113–171.
Berman, A. 1976. Islamic Coins, Jerusalem.Berman, A. 1995. “Appendix,” in Y. Israel, D. Nahlieli,
and Y. Ben Michael (eds.), The Naḥal shaḥaq site: An Early Islamic Settlement in the Northern cArava (cAtiqot 26), Jerusalem: 11–14 (Hebrew).
Bone, H. 2000. The Administration of Umayyad Syria: The Evidence of the Copper Coins. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Princeton University, Princeton.
Butak, B. 1947. Resimli Turk Paralariha Ek, Istanbul. Fahmi, A. 1960. Mawjūc at al-Nuqūd al-cArabiya wa cIlm
al-Numiyāt II, Beirut.De Goeje, M.J. (ed.). 1866. Balādhurī, Ahmad ibn Yahyā
al-, Futūh al-buldān, Leiden.Grierson, P. 1968. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in
the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and the Whittemore Collection II.1, Washington.
Ilisch, L. 1993. Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum Tübingen I, Palästina IVa Bilad aš-Šām, Tübingen.
Photo 1.1. The lead bulla (L82.1032.3c, B345), front and back.
REFERENCES
Kent, J.P.C. 1981. The Family of Constantine I: A.D. 337–364 (The Roman Imperial Coinage 8), London.
Lowick, N. 1985. Siraf XV. The Coins and Monumental Inscriptions, London.
Luz, N. 1995. Umayyad al-Ramla. An Urban Renovation in the Landscape of Palestine (M.A. thesis, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Jerusalem (Hebrew).
Luz, N. 1997. “The Construction of an Islamic City in Palestine. The Case of Umayyad al-Ramla,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 7 (1): 27–54.
Miles, G.C. 1948. “Islamic Coins,” in F.O Waagé (ed.), Antioch on-the-Orontes IV.1, Ceramics and Islamic Coins, Princeton: 109–124.
Morton, A.H. 1985. A Catalogue of Early Islamic Glass Stamps in the British Museum, London.
Pere, N. 1968. Osmanlilarda Madeni Paralar, Istanbul.Philips, M. and Goodwin, T. 1997. “A Seventh-Century
Syrian Hoard of Byzantine and Imitative Copper Coins,” Numismatic Chronicle 157: 61–97.
Poey d’Avant, F. 1858. Monnaies féodales de France I, Paris.
Rosenberger, M.I. 1972. The Rosenberger Israel Collection I. Aelia Kapitolina, Akko, Anthedon, Antipatris and Ascalon, Jerusalem.
Al-Saqqā, M., al-Abyārī, I., and al-Hāfiz Shalabī, ’A. (eds.). 1938. Jahshiyārī, Muhammad ibn ‘Abdūs, Kitāb al-Wuazarāc wa-a-kuttāb, Cairo.
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268
Sion, D. 2002. “A Hoard of Byzantine Solidi from Hurvat Kab,” Israel Numismatic Journal 14: 211–223.
Sultan, J. 1977. Coins of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic I–II. A Detailed Catalogue of the Jem Sultan Collection, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Tal, O. 2008. “Numismatic Finds, Pre-Islamic Coins,” in O. Tal and I. Taxel (eds.), Ramla (South), An Early
Islamic Industrial Site and Remains of Previous Periods (Salvage Excavation Reports 5), Tel Aviv: 214–218.
Walker J. 1956. A Catalogue of the Muhammadan Coins in the British Museum II, London.
Wustenfeld, F. (ed.). 1866–1873. Yāqūt al-Hamawī, Mucjam al-buldān, Leipzig.
NOTES1 The coins were cleaned by M. Lavi and photographed
by G. Laron, both of the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. I would like also to thank A. Berman and R. Kool for their helpful comments on the text.
2 For a brief history of Ramla, see Chapter One in this volume.
3 On the population of Ramla, composed of Christians, Jews, Samaritans, and Muslims, see Luz 1995: 101. On the population transfer from Lydda to Ramla, see Luz 1995: 101; 1997: 47. The transfer has been described by the Arab historians al-Balādhurī in the Futūh (de Goeje
1866: 143), Yāqūt in the Mucjam al-buldān (Wustenfeld 1868–1873: 3, 69), and al-Jahshiyārī in the Kitāb al-Wuazarāc (Al-Saqqā et al. 1938: 48). Pre-Islamic coins were also found in another excavation at Ramla (Ramla South); Tal 2008: 214–218.
4 A hoard of Byzantine gold coins dating from 662–665 CE (a year or two after the minting of the last type of Class VI coins of Constans II, dating from 661–663 CE) was found at Khirbet Kab in northern Israel; see Sion 2002: 211–223. The hoard reflects the final phase of Byzantine gold coins entering Palestine after the Arab conquest.
THE COINS
269
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CHAPTER ELEVEN
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THE COINS
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CHAPTER ELEVEN
272
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در ال
ذا ه
برض
ه الل
م س
ب...
......
...ة.
سنيف
رصة الب
بRe
v.: In
cen
ter
حد ا
لهال
وملد
يل مل
مدص
الله
/الحد
ا افو
كله
ن يك
مل و
لديو
; m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n:
ولرس
د حم
مره
ظه لي
قلح
ن ادي
وى
هدبال
ه سل
ارله
الون
رشكامل
ره ك
لو و
له ك
ندي
الىل
ع
Wal
ker 1
956:
125
, no.
29
9.A
R3.
427
182
.100
5.2C
245
23O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n A
in c
ente
r. Re
v.: I
ns cr
iptio
n C
in c
ente
r; m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n su
rrou
nded
by
two
circ
les:
…و.
..
Obv
.: W
alke
r 195
6: 2
31,
no. P
.122
.A
E3.
8827
1282
.101
2.5C
150
24O
bv.:
As n
o. 2
4.Re
v.: I
nscr
iptio
n C
; ille
gibl
e m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n.
Obv
.: W
alke
r 195
6: 2
31,
no. P
.122
.A
E1.
9915
982
.102
4.2C
272
25c A
mm
an a
nd
Taba
riyya
O
bv.:
In c
ente
r: امن
بعول
رس (!
) /اال
ه ال
;الill
egib
le m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n.Re
v.: I
nscr
iptio
n C
in c
ente
r su
rrou
nded
by
a sm
all c
ircle
: m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n: …
يةطرب
A h
ybrid
of a
n un
know
n c A
mm
an b
arba
ric
type
and
a T
abar
iyya
ty
pe. F
or U
may
yad
and
Abb
asid
coi
ns o
f c A
mm
an, s
ee Il
isch
19
93: 4
2, n
os. 4
93–
507.
Fo
r coi
ns o
f Tab
ariy
ya
feat
urin
g sm
all c
ircle
s su
rrou
ndin
g In
scrip
tion
C, s
ee Il
isch
199
3:
32, n
os. 3
21–3
24;
how
ever
, the
ir m
argi
nal
insc
riptio
ns a
re il
legi
ble.
AE
3.82
19–2
02
81.2
016.
4C15
1 +
26O
bv.:
دهوح
from
Insc
riptio
n A
; cr
esce
nt u
nder
neat
h.
Rev.
: Ins
crip
tion
C in
cen
ter;
mar
gina
l ins
crip
tion:
[ له
[ ل ا
اال
AE
2.90
8–9
581
.204
1.2C
309
27O
bv.:
Trac
es o
f Ins
crip
tion
A.
Rev.
: Ins
crip
tion
C.
Wal
ker 1
956:
210
, no.
64
0.A
E2.
5315
–17
-82
.100
5.9C
250
28A
s no.
27.
A
s no.
27.
AE
2.22
163
82.1
005.
9C20
829
As n
o. 2
7.
As n
o. 2
7.A
E2.
0317
781
.204
1.2C
308
THE COINS
273
No.
Ran
geM
int
Obv
erse
/Rev
erse
Ref
eren
ce a
nd N
otes
Met
alW
t. (g
)D
iam
. (m
m)
Axi
sLo
cus
INIn
Pl.
11.1
30A
s no.
27.
As n
o. 2
7.A
E2.
2612
1181
.204
0.2C
249
31A
s no.
27.
As n
o. 2
7.A
E1.
8613
1282
.102
4.1C
223
32O
bv.:
Trac
es o
f Ins
crip
tion
A.
Rev.
: Ille
gibl
e.A
s no.
27.
AE
1.11
8-
82.1
012.
4C14
0
33O
bv.:
Trac
es o
f Ins
crip
tion
A.
Rev.
: Wor
n.A
s no.
27.
AE
2.46
15-
82.1
012.
2C75
34O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n A
.Re
v.: W
orn.
As n
o. 2
7.A
E1.
7912
-81
.204
0.2C
246
35O
bv.:
Trac
es o
f ins
crip
tion
A.
Rev.
: Sm
all i
llegi
ble
lette
rs.
As n
o. 2
7.A
E0.
8417
-82
.101
2.4C
133
36O
bv.:
دهوح
/ له
الاال
… u
nder
neat
h tra
ces o
f a c
ircle
.Re
v.: I
nscr
iptio
n C
.
As n
o. 2
7. V
ery
thic
k;
part
of th
e in
scrip
tion
on
obv.
Is o
ff fla
n.
AE
3.46
127
82.1
029.
3C36
3
37O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n A
in c
ente
r; m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n:د
. ب.
Rev.
: Wor
n.
Obv
.: W
alke
r 195
6: 2
80,
no. 9
25.
AE
4.12
16–1
9-
82.1
012.
2C74
38O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n A
.Re
v.: I
nscr
iptio
n A
.O
bv.:
Wal
ker 1
956:
280
, no
. 925
.A
E2.
5314
782
.100
5.7C
154
39O
bv.:
In c
ente
r: ill
egib
le
insc
riptio
n in
side
a c
ircle
; m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n: …
ة سن
Rev.
: Wor
n.
Wal
ker 1
956:
277
, no.
91
4.A
E4.
7119
-82
.103
5.1C
382
UM
AYYA
D O
R A
bbA
SID
40O
bv.:
Firs
t stri
ke: a
fleu
r-de-
lis o
n th
e ci
rcul
ar li
ne; s
econ
d st
rike:
Insc
riptio
n B
.Re
v.: F
irst s
trike
: sm
all c
resc
ent
or c
ircle
in c
ente
r; se
cond
strik
e:
Insc
riptio
n C
surr
ound
ing
the
cres
cent
.
Obv
., fir
st st
rike:
for
sim
ilar A
bbas
id c
oin
min
ted
at L
udd,
see
Ilisc
h 19
93: P
l. 7,
nos
. 21
4–21
8.
AE
1.95
16-
82.1
024.
2C25
0
41O
bv.:
Trac
es o
f Ara
bic
lette
rs
and
part
of a
circ
le.
Rev.
: Firs
t lin
e ill
egib
le; i
n se
cond
line
: ....
ند ب
عب; ل
unde
rnea
th, fl
eur-d
e-lis
flan
ked
by tw
o do
ts.
Unp
ubl.;
for a
sim
ilar
deco
ratio
n on
a le
ad
seal
, see
Ber
man
199
5:
13:a
.
AE
1.58
139
81.1
005.
3C67
42O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n A
insi
de a
ci
rcle
. Re
v.: I
nscr
iptio
n C
.
Ilisc
h 19
93: 1
4, n
o. 8
7.
AE
2.37
195
82.1
008.
1C-
CHAPTER ELEVEN
274
No.
Ran
geM
int
Obv
erse
/Rev
erse
Ref
eren
ce a
nd N
otes
Met
alW
t. (g
)D
iam
. (m
m)
Axi
sLo
cus
INIn
Pl.
11.1
43Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on b
oth
side
s.A
E1.
2418
82.1
005.
9C26
0
Abb
ASI
D44
Obv
.: In
side
circ
le:
له ال
ولرس
د حم
مله
الاال
ه ال
الRe
v.: I
nsid
e ci
rcle
: له
الحه
صل /
د ازي
ن يك ب
مللد ا
عب
Fleu
r-de-
lis fl
anke
d by
two
dots
at
the
botto
m o
f the
insc
riptio
n.
Fahm
i 196
0: 7
80,
nos.
2847
–284
9. F
or a
si
mila
r dec
orat
ion
on a
le
ad se
al, s
ee B
erm
an
1995
: 13:
a.
AE
3.35
1711
81.2
035.
2C23
7 +
45O
bv.:
Insi
de c
ircle
: Ins
crip
tion
B; a
mul
et in
low
er l.
Ili
sch
1993
: 14,
no.
86.
AE
0.89
16–1
99
82.1
024.
2C28
4
46O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n A
insi
de c
ircle
; un
dern
eath
, cre
scen
t with
a
dot i
nsid
e; il
legi
ble
mar
gina
l in
scrip
tion.
Rev.
: Ins
crip
tion
C in
side
bea
ded
circ
le; u
nder
neat
h, e
ight
-poi
nted
st
ar.
For a
sim
ilar s
crip
t sty
le,
see
Ilisc
h 19
93: P
l. 18
, no
. 575
.
AE
3.00
17–2
07
82.1
008.
5C12
8
47O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n B
insi
de c
ircle
w
ith a
mul
et in
upp
er c
ente
r.Re
v.: I
nscr
iptio
n C
and
ذ عا
م
insi
de a
circ
le.
Ilisc
h 19
93: 3
4, n
o. 3
81.
AE
0.53
12–1
37
82.1
029.
3C36
6
48O
bv.:
Trac
es o
f a tw
iste
d co
il on
m
argi
ns.
Rev.
د :حم
م
Cf.
Ilisc
h 19
93: 4
6, n
os.
573–
576.
AE
2.09
1782
.103
5.2C
390
49R
amla
(?)
Obv
.: In
scrip
tion
A su
rrou
nded
by
a tw
iste
d co
il.Re
v.: I
nscr
iptio
n C
.
Ilisc
h 19
93: 1
4, n
o. 9
6.A
E2.
4419
1182
.100
9.4C
156
50O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n B
insi
de c
ircle
in
cen
ter;
mar
gina
l ins
crip
tion:
حم
مزري
ام
Rev.
: Ins
crip
tion
C in
side
circ
le
in c
ente
r fol
low
ed b
y tw
o do
ts,
one
over
the
othe
r; m
argi
nal
insc
riptio
n:…
…نة
سيف
ب رض
Ilisc
h 19
93: 1
4, n
o. 8
0.A
E1.
1520
582
.102
4.1C
222
+
51O
bv.:
Insc
riptio
n B
.Re
v.: I
llegi
ble.
Th
is se
ven-
side
d co
in is
pa
rticu
larly
thin
.A
E0.
6013
81.2
040.
2C24
7
THE COINS
275
No.
Ran
geM
int
Obv
erse
/Rev
erse
Ref
eren
ce a
nd N
otes
Met
alW
t. (g
)D
iam
. (m
m)
Axi
sLo
cus
INIn
Pl.
11.1
TEN
TH C
ENTU
RY
52O
bv.:
له) ل
?) in
side
a c
ircle
.Re
v.: B
lank
.U
npub
l.; th
in, s
ix-s
ided
ca
st c
oin.
AE
1.33
1512
82.1
029.
3C36
5+
EUR
OPE
AN
53Tw
elfth
cen
tury
Cha
mpa
gne
Obv
.: […
] SH
[…] I
S […
]; si
gns
of m
isst
rike.
Sty
lized
hea
d (?
) or
shie
ld (?
).Re
v.: C
ross
pom
mée
with
at l
east
on
e pe
llet.
Cf.
Poey
D’A
vant
185
8:
pl.3
3, n
o. 1
. The
coi
n is
fo
lded
.
AR
0.97
2062
.101
1.4C
99+
MA
MLU
k54
Qal
aun
(AH
71
0/13
10 C
E)O
bv.:
In c
ente
r: مد
مح ;
mar
gina
l ins
crip
tion:
رص
لناك ا
ملل ا
Bal
og 1
964:
152
, no.
23
2.A
E2.
4118
82.1
027.
2C31
1
55M
uham
mad
(AH
70
9–74
1/13
10–
1341
) CE
Obv
.: C
ircul
ar li
ne a
long
bor
der
in th
e ce
nter
صر:نا
البن
ور ص
ملنوا
Rev.
: In
cent
er: a
six-
peta
led
rose
tte in
with
a c
entra
l pel
let
insi
de a
line
ar h
exag
ram
co
mpo
sed
of tw
o in
terw
oven
tri
angl
es.
Bal
og 1
964:
161
, no.
25
7a.
AE
2.38
1281
.103
6.2C
213
+
56A
l-Man
sur c A
li (A
H 7
81–7
82/
1379
–138
1 C
E)
Dam
ascu
sO
bv.:
In c
ente
r, in
side
a sm
all
circ
leيل :
ع; m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n:
[ رصو
ملنك ا
ملل ا
انلط
س[ال
Rev.
: Fle
ur-d
e-lis
insi
de sm
all
circ
le.
Bal
og 1
964:
234
, no.
50
2a.
AE
1.48
1681
.204
4.7C
407
57K
hush
qada
m (A
H
865/
1460
–146
1 C
E)O
bv.:
In c
ente
r: ill
egib
le w
ord
insi
de c
ircle
.Re
v.: I
n ce
nter
: five
-pet
aled
ro
sette
insi
de c
ircle
.
Bal
og 1
964:
345
, no.
80
0.A
E2.
1517
–21
81.2
030.
6C35
6
58B
arqu
q (A
H
784/
1382
–138
3) C
EO
bv.:
In c
ente
r, in
side
a sm
all
circ
leق :
قوبر
; fie
ld d
ivid
ed in
to
two
segm
ents
. Re
v.: F
leur
-de-
lis (?
) with
onl
y tw
o le
aves
insi
de a
smal
l ova
l ab
ove
a do
t.
Bal
og 1
964:
257
, no.
55
8. S
light
ly u
nusu
al;
may
hav
e sh
ifted
dur
ing
the
min
ting
proc
ess.
AE
2.15
16–2
281
.203
0.6C
356
59B
arqu
q (A
H 7
85–
786/
1383
–138
4 C
E)Q
ahira
(Cai
ro)
Obv
.: In
cen
ter:
انلط
س;ال
trac
es o
f a
dodé
calo
be.
Rev.
: Lar
ge c
ircle
enc
losi
ng
octa
gram
with
flo w
ers i
n th
e pe
riphe
ric se
gmen
ts; i
llegi
ble
insc
riptio
n.
Bal
og 1
964:
256
, no.
55
5.A
E3.
7122
81.2
037.
4C26
4
CHAPTER ELEVEN
276
No.
Ran
geM
int
Obv
erse
/Rev
erse
Ref
eren
ce a
nd N
otes
Met
alW
t. (g
)D
iam
. (m
m)
Axi
sLo
cus
INIn
Pl.
11.1
60Sh
aaba
n II
(AH
76
9–77
8/13
63–
1377
CE)
Dim
ashq
Obv
.: In
cen
ter,
insi
de a
ca
rtouc
he fl
anke
d by
a fl
eur-d
e-lis
on
eith
er si
de: ك
مللن ا
طاسل
ال i
n ce
nter
; mar
gina
l ins
crip
tion:
ن
/ بن
س ح
Rev.
ق :ش
دم ب
برض
ins
ide
a co
ncav
e-si
ded
octo
lobe
with
flo
wer
ets a
t the
edg
es.
Bal
og 1
964:
221
, no.
45
8a.
AE
2.06
1782
.102
7.2C
308
61B
arqu
q (A
H
790/
1388
CE)
Dim
ashq
Obv
.: ني
سعوت
[ ئة
امبع
س]
Rev.
ر :اه
لظك ا
مللن ا
طاسل
الB
alog
196
4: 2
65, n
os.
586,
588
.A
E4.
0720
1182
.102
7.1C
281
62B
arqu
q (A
H 7
84–
791/
1382
–138
9 C
E) Q
ahira
Obv
.: …
ق قو
برد
عي س
......
Rev.
: …. /
[ ئة
ماع [
سبو
Bal
og 1
964:
256
, no.
55
5.A
E3.
716
–18
82.1
023.
4C
218
63H
ama
Obv
.: B
lank
.Re
v.: M
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n:ة ]
[احم
. Th
e fie
ld is
div
ided
on
both
side
s by
a tr
iang
le w
ith in
terw
oven
si
des i
nto
thre
e pe
riphe
ral
segm
ents
and
a sm
all c
entra
l ar
ea.
Cf.
Bal
og 1
964:
200
, 20
4, n
os. 3
74, 3
88.
AE
3.12
1982
.100
5.9C
244
64A
l-Zah
ir Ja
qmaq
(A
H 8
42–8
47/
1438
–145
3 C
E)
Obv
.: A
rabe
sque
kno
t su
rrou
nded
by
trace
s of a
n ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion.
Rev.
: Ille
gibl
e.
Bal
og 1
970:
159
, no.
75
4A.
AE
2.73
16–1
882
.102
7.2C
306
65Te
mirb
ugha
(AH
87
2–87
3/14
67–
1468
CE)
Obv
.: Fi
eld
divi
ded
by h
oriz
onta
l lin
es o
f dot
s; يد
سعو
ابر/
اهلظ
ك املل
اRe
v.: C
ircul
ar sh
ield
in c
ente
r di
vide
d by
two
horiz
onta
l lin
es
into
thre
e se
gmen
ts; w
ide
chal
ice
in c
entra
l seg
men
t.
Bal
og 1
964:
347
, no.
80
6.A
E2.
1415
382
.100
5.1C
35
66O
bv.:
ن
ا ] ط
ل [س
الRe
v.: W
orn.
Bal
og 1
964:
246
, no.
53
2.A
E3.
7816
–19
82.1
027.
1C27
9
67O
bv.:
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n; a
ro
und
unid
entifi
ed o
bjec
t.Re
v.: I
llegi
ble.
AE
3.09
18–1
982
.100
5.9C
246
68Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on o
ne si
de.
AE
3.23
15–1
781
.201
6.5C
183
69Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on o
ne si
de.
Fold
ed.
AE
3.62
1970
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E1.
3916
82.1
027.
1C28
071
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E2.
1614
–16
82.1
027.
2C31
9
THE COINS
277
No.
Ran
geM
int
Obv
erse
/Rev
erse
Ref
eren
ce a
nd N
otes
Met
alW
t. (g
)D
iam
. (m
m)
Axi
sLo
cus
INIn
Pl.
11.1
72Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
both
side
s.A
E3.
6521
82.1
027.
2C30
773
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E2.
6116
–20
82.1
027.
2C32
174
A h
oriz
onta
l lin
e on
bot
h si
des.
AE
1.20
1582
.102
7.2C
322
75Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on o
ne si
de.
AE
1.45
12–1
482
.102
7.2C
316
76Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on o
ne si
de.
AE
3.75
20–2
482
.105
5.4C
8277
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E1.
8214
82.1
005.
9C25
178
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E2.
2113
–15
82.1
005.
8C18
579
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E2.
4413
–20
82.1
005.
6C11
380
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E1.
6515
–19
82.1
005.
9C24
381
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E2.
0016
82.1
005.
8C19
182
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
bot
h si
des.
AE
1.87
16–1
982
.100
5.8C
189
83Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on b
oth
side
s.A
E3.
6417
–19
82.1
005.
9C20
7
84Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on b
oth
side
s.A
E1.
0311
–15
82.1
005.
9C83
85Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on b
oth
side
s.A
E1.
8319
82.1
005.
8C
193
86Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on o
ne si
de.
AE
1.62
1582
.102
7.9C
312
87Ill
egib
le in
scrip
tion
on o
ne si
de.
AE
2.44
17–1
982
.100
5.4C
8088
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n on
one
side
.A
E1.
9715
82.1
005.
9C20
4O
TTO
MA
N89
Ano
nym
ous
sixt
eent
h ce
ntur
yO
bv.:
Illeg
ible
insc
riptio
n.
Rev.
: Cru
de p
anth
er o
n r.
with
sp
read
legs
; on
l. at
bot
tom
of
its fe
et: t
race
s of i
nscr
iptio
n. In
ou
ter c
ircle
: pan
ther
and
ille
gibl
e in
scrip
tion.
But
ak 1
947:
117
, no.
13
7.
AE
1.45
13–1
43
62.1
041.
3C24
3 +
90M
ehm
ed II
I (A
H
1004
–101
2/15
95–1
603
CE)
Am
idO
bv.:
مدمح
from
Insc
riptio
n C
.Re
v.: د
ام /
برض
Sulta
n 19
77: 1
38.
AR
0.67
16
91A
hmed
I (A
H
1012
–102
6/16
03–1
617
CE)
Mis
rO
bv.:
Net
des
ign
with
flor
al
edge
s.Re
v.: D
oubl
e lin
ear d
esig
n at
bo
ttom
.
Sulta
n 19
77: P
l. 11
3, n
o.
1584
.A
E8.
4816
82.1
008.
3C92
92M
ehm
ed IV
(AH
10
33–1
050/
1623
–164
0 C
E)
Mis
r (?)
Obv
.: رصه
ز ن ع
Rev.
: Ille
gibl
e in
scrip
tion
abov
e a
hear
t.
Sulta
n 19
77: 1
21, T
ype
1/1;
Per
e 19
68: 1
71, n
o.
458.
AR
0.73
1681
.204
3.1C
335
CHAPTER ELEVEN
278
No.
Ran
geM
int
Obv
erse
/Rev
erse
Ref
eren
ce a
nd N
otes
Met
alW
t. (g
)D
iam
. (m
m)
Axi
sLo
cus
INIn
Pl.
11.1
93O
ttom
anO
bv.:
Wor
n.Re
v.: L
inea
r hex
agra
m.
Ber
man
197
6: 1
23, n
o.
391.
AE
3.70
1782
.100
5.8C
186
94O
ttom
anO
bv.:
فا(?
)Re
v.: W
orn.
Very
thin
.A
E0.
3412
82.1
027.
2C31
5
95M
uslim
Illeg
ible
Ara
bic
insc
riptio
n on
on
e si
de.
AE
1.29
1882
.102
7.1C
282
96M
uslim
Illeg
ible
Ara
bic
insc
riptio
n on
on
e si
de.
AE
3.41
1982
.100
5.8C
184
97M
uslim
Illeg
ible
Ara
bic
insc
riptio
n on
on
e si
de.
AE
3.69
2082
.100
5.6C
118
98M
uslim
Illeg
ible
Ara
bic
insc
riptio
n on
bo
th si
des
AE
2.14
1611
82.1
005.
9C24
2
LEA
D C
OIN
S
No.
Obv
erse
Rev
erse
Wt.
(g)
Dia
m. (
mm
)Lo
cus
INIn
Pl.
11.1
99Ill
egib
le.
Illeg
ible
.1.
19
1581
.203
5.1C
188
100
Illeg
ible
.In
scrip
tion
C.
1581
.203
5.1C
186
101
Illeg
ible
. د
; bel
ow is
a le
tter o
r sym
bol fl
anke
d by
two
stra
ight
line
s. Si
nce
no p
ublis
hed
para
llels
exi
st, w
e ca
nnot
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
the
lines
are
ver
tical
or h
oriz
onta
l.
1.24
1481
.203
5.1C
187
102
Insc
riptio
n A
. Ill
egib
le; h
alf a
circ
le n
ear t
he to
p.1.
9312
82.2
035.
1C21
4 10
3له
الاال
/ له
ال اIll
egib
le.
2.04
1581
.203
5.1C
220
104
Wor
n.W
orn.
1.59
1681
.203
5.2C
238
105
Illeg
ible
.Ill
egib
le.
2.02
1282
.101
0.2C
8810
8ده
وح fr
om In
scrip
tion
A.
Illeg
ible
.1.
512
82.1
029.
3C36
410
9ه /
اللال
[ اه/
الال
ه ]حد
و
In c
ente
r, in
side
a b
eade
d ci
rcle
: (?)
ل سو
/ رد
حم م
;m
argi
nal i
nscr
iptio
n: a
n un
clea
r wor
d or
a la
dder
des
ign
(?).
1382
.103
3.1C
346
+
110
In c
ente
r: له
الTw
o ve
rtica
l or h
oriz
onta
l lin
es in
mar
gins
.2.
6814
-18
82.1
033.
1C34
811
1In
scrip
tion
A.
In c
ente
r: ول
رس /
مدمح
1.86
1482
.103
3.1C
347
112
In c
ente
r: tw
o ill
egib
le w
ords
in
side
a c
ircle
*; m
argi
nal
insc
riptio
n: In
scrip
tion
C.
Illeg
ible
.5.
8321
81.1
001.
5C12
9 +