public transport, urban design and walking professor graham currie institute of transport studies...

Public Transport, Urban Design and Walking

Professor Graham CurrieInstitute of Transport StudiesMonash University, Australia

MAV Smart Urban Futures National ConferenceMarch 26th 2015Rydges, 186 Exhibition Street, Melbourne

"1 flinders st station melb" by Adam.J.W.C. - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1_flinders_st_station_melb.jpg#/media/File:1_flinders_st_station_melb.jpg

Institute of Transport Studies (Monash)The Australian Research Council Key Centre in Transport Management

1 Introduction

2 Important Strides?

3 How Tracking?

4 The Right Steps?

2

Agenda

Copyright 2005 - 2015 © Marcus Wong

http://wongm.com/


The importance of PT and walking is reviewed plus current performance and good practice

3

Important Strides?

How Tracking?

The Right Steps?


1 Introduction


3 How Tracking?

4 The Right Steps?

Agenda


4

http://wongm.com/


5

What share of rail, tram and bus users walk to/from PT?

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Rail

Tram

Bus

Share that Walk to/from Public Transport

Source:

Access/Egress from Melbourne Public Transport

Pu

blic

Tra

nsp

ort

Ma

in M

od

e


6

What share of rail, tram and bus users walk to/from PT?

Source: Common Sense!

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Rail

Tram

Bus

Share that Walk to/from Public Transport

Access/Egress from Melbourne Public Transport

Pu

blic

Tra

nsp

ort

Ma

in M

od

e 100

100

100


7

What share walk and use no other mode?

52

80

74

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Rail

Tram

Bus

Share that Walk to Public Transport and Use No Other Access Mode

Source: PTV OD-Surveys

Access to Melbourne Public Transport

Pu

blic

Tra

nsp

ort

Ma

in M

od

e


Think like a passenger; a typical trip…

Access WalkAccess Walk 5 Mins5 Mins

Actual Time (mins)Actual Time (mins)

Expected WaitExpected Wait 10 Mins10 Mins

Unexpected WaitUnexpected Wait 1 Mins1 Mins

In-Vehicle Travel 1In-Vehicle Travel 1 10 Mins10 Mins

Transfer Time 1Transfer Time 1 8 Mins8 Mins

In-Vehicle Travel 2In-Vehicle Travel 2 5 Mins5 Mins

Egress WalkEgress Walk 5 Mins5 Mins

Total Time 44 Mins

Note: 1Includes a walk and wait 2See TransFund NZ June 2000 3June 2004 DoI Guideline on economic, social and environmental cost-benefit analysis 2005

2.02.0

Perceptual Weightings2

Perceptual Weightings2

2.02.0

5.05.0

1.01.0

2.0 plus a 10 min transfer penalty

2.0 plus a 10 min transfer penalty

1.01.0

2.02.0

10 Mins10 Mins

Percieved Time (mins)

Percieved Time (mins)

20 Mins20 Mins

5 Mins5 Mins

10 Mins10 Mins

26 Mins26 Mins

5 Mins5 Mins

10 Mins10 Mins

86 Mins


0102030405060708090

100Typical Weighted Travel Time by Element Walk TimeWalk Time

• Represents 33% of total perceived travel time

• Similar for non transfer trips• Yet little infrastructure

investment surrounds this issue• Jurisdictional boundary

problems is a major issue here

• Represents 33% of total perceived travel time

• Similar for non transfer trips• Yet little infrastructure

investment surrounds this issue• Jurisdictional boundary

problems is a major issue here

…where walking is 33% of perceived time


10

Perceived Weighting of Walk Time: Typical average = 2.0

MVA (1987); = 2.0; retired people have higher values

HCG (1990); = 1.3 (under 50 years of age) = 3.0 (over 50 years of age)

SDG (1990) = 0.9 (short trips)

= 1.9 (long trips)

Ryan LT (1990) = 4.4 (Stairs walk up) = 3.0 (Stairs walk down) = 1.5 (Riding on Escalators) = 2.8 (Escalators not working walk down) = 4.2 (Escalators not working walk up)

Source: TransFund NZ June 2000 Valuation of Public Transport Attributes


11

Walk Activity And Public Transport Improves Health Outcomes

Source: Pucher and Dijkstra (2003) ‘Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health’ AM Journal of Public Health Sept 2003

0 20 40 60 80 100

Total

PT Users

Degree of Required Exercise by PT Use/Total

Share Getting Enough Exercise

Cas

e

Source: Pucher, Walking and Cycling for Public Health


How much of Melbourne walk activity does PT represent?


How much of Melbourne walk activity does PT represent?

Source: Analysis of the Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity, 2009Note: Stop file analysis; stops with an origin purpose and destination purpose = Got on or off PT : Note that VISTA is unlikely to represent all walking trips notably short distance trips; hence results deserve much caution in interpretation but are interesting nonetheless

914

1,087

142

2,001

1,824

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

To PT

From PT

PT Transfer

All PT relatedwalking

Non PT RelatedTravel

Weekday Total of All Walk Travel

Volume of All Walk Travel (000)/ Day

PT

Rel

ated

Trip

s

52% of all

walking

375

408

30

783

1,632

0 500 1000 1500 2000

To PT

From PT

PT Transfer

All PT relatedwalking

Non PT RelatedTravel

Weekend Day Total of All Walk Travel

Volume of All Walk Travel (000)/ Day

32% of all

walking

Results also suggest PT walk trips are 33% of all walk time; average time per PT walk is 7.4mins; transfers 4mins


1 Introduction


3 How Tracking?

4 The Right Steps?

Agenda


14

http://wongm.com/


15


16

Barriers to everyday walking

Source: Spencer Clark (2010) Key Walking Routes: the path to walking success? Walk 21 The HagueNote: Date from Transport for London concerns responses to a survey of London residents


17

Transit Oriented Development

Source: Cervero and Kockleman (1997)

Density – the concentration and

compactness of development within geographic space

Diversity – the land use mix including

the balance and compatability of users with each other

(and transit)

Design – which relates how the various

land uses are combined,linked and presented in terms of ease of

access and attractiveness


Transit Oriented Development - Design

Source: G Currie L Aston and K Pavkova (2015) Unpublished

Walkers Paradise

Very Walkable

Somewhat Walkable

Car Dependent

18


Transit Oriented Development - Density

Source: G Currie L Aston and K Pavkova (2015) Unpublished

19

Minimum Density (including JOBS) for

Effective PT Provision (Newman &

Kenworthy (2006)


1 Introduction


3 How Tracking?

4 The Right Steps?

Agenda


20

http://wongm.com/


Strasbourg

21


French Light Rail

22


French Light Rail

23

http://www.railwaygazette.com/javasc


Melbourne Tram - Platform Stops

24

BeforeAfter


Melbourne Tram - Platform Stops

25

53

57

9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Pedestrian-involved all injurycrashes per year

Pedestrian-involved FSIcrashes per year

AADT per site

% Reduction in Crash Statistics Before/After

Source: Naznin, Currie, Logan and Sarvi (Under Review) Safety Impacts of Platform Tram Stops on Pedestrians in Mixed Traffic Operation: A Comparison Group Before-After Crash Study, Accident Analysis and Prevention

Reduction in Pedestrian Involved Crashes; Conversion of Safety Zone to Platform Stops

Cra

sh D

ata

Typ

e

Assessing results on a per passenger basis; conversion to Platform Stops has reduced the total pedestrian

involved crash rate/10,000 riders by 86% and the pedestrian involved Fatal and Serious crash rate by 81%


26

Bus stop access has some way to go

Research FocusResearch Focus

Over 1,600 bus stops in outer Melbourne have no connecting path

It would cost only $6.4M to build the required 42kms of footpaths necessary to connect the worst 200 of these

Over 1,600 bus stops in outer Melbourne have no connecting path

It would cost only $6.4M to build the required 42kms of footpaths necessary to connect the worst 200 of these


27

Lets Plan for better walk access

Research FocusResearch Focus

Audit Quality Prioritise Issues Develop Options Invest in Quality Corridors

(Information/ Treatments/ Promotions)

Audit Quality Prioritise Issues Develop Options Invest in Quality Corridors

(Information/ Treatments/ Promotions)


28

Lets Plan for better walk accessSimple Precinct Plan Assessment Measures (Selected)

Density

Proximity

Walkability

Source: Booz&co. (2010) Werribee Plains – Reducing Car Dependency: Transport and Urban Design Solutions – Australian Conservation Foundation


www.worldtransitresearch.info

Showcase Award

Winner


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public transport, urban design and walking professor graham currie institute of transport studies...

Documents

mins slide

transport management

mins actual time mins

mins percieved time

tofrom public transport

mins transfer time

mins total time

mins egress