public speaking cristiano furiassi università degli studi di torino ssst
TRANSCRIPT
Public Speaking
Cristiano FuriassiUniversità degli Studi di Torino
SSST
Dynamic Presentations
Powell, Mark. 2010. Dynamic Presentations. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Preparing to present
• Presenting is a skill• Preparing to perform• Impact on the audience• Rely on facts and figures• Ready for questions
Key issues
• How to start• How to finish
• What to put in• What to leave out
• When to stick to your plan• When to depart from it
Connecting with the audience
• Language skills• Voice management• Visual aids• Body language
– questionnaire p.5
Opening
• Capture the audience’s interest
• Explain it’s worth listening
• Show authority
• Provide a map of the presentation
ABCD
• ATTENTION
• BENEFIT
• CREDIBILITY
• DIRECTION– https://www.llas.ac.uk//video/6097– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXVoT7VMCpM
ATTENTION
• Give (an object)• Tell (a story, an anecdote)• Quote (someone authoritative)• Show (a picture, a video)• Ask (something, to do something)• Disprove (a myth, a theory)
Key sentences for opening
• ex. 5 p.7• ex. 7 p. 7
Closing
• Summary (academia)– Conclusions (and desiderata)
• Action (business, politics, charity)– Call for action
• Wisdom (business, politics, academia)– Famous wise words
• Emotion (business, politics, charity)– Heart-felt message
Key sentences for closing
• ex. 2 p. 8• ex. 4 p. 8
Smooth structure
• Presentation = journey• Smooth presentation achieved via textuality• Textuality (both speech and writing)– Cohesion (form)– Coherence (content)
“Colorless green ideas sleep furiously”
Key sentences for proceeding (1)
• ex. 2 p. 10• ex. 3 p. 11
Aims/Goals
• Targeting the audience– Topic– Competence/expertise– Logical links between parts/stages
• ex. 2 p. 12• ex. 4 p. 12
Key sentences for proceeding (2)
• ex. 6 p. 12
Multimodality
• Verbal– Writing– Speech
• Non-verbal– Visuals– Body language
Multimodality and ELF
• Variety of modes leads to improved performance
• Reliance on visuals may compensate for verbal (language) deficiencies– ELF (English as a Lingua Franca)
Voice
• ex. 1 p. 14
Voice power
• Fluency• Accuracy• Speed– Pauses
• Clarity• Interest
Delivery
• ex. 2 p. 14• ex. 8 p. 15
Delivery and style
• Tempo• Volume• Expressiveness• Articulation• Sentence length• Register/style• Linkers• Emphasizers/minimizers
• ex. 1 p. 16• ex. 6 p. 17
Visual aids:ornamentation vs credibility
• Data load• Visual impact– bullets
• Color contrast• Legibility• Font size• Scale• Aesthetics– real objects or props
Effective slides
• p. 18, 19, 83: comment on slides• ex. 7 p. 19: comment on props• ex. 5 p. 20
Key phrases for visual aids
• ex. 7 p. 21• ex. 8 p. 21
The 666 rule
• No more than 6 words per bullet
• No more than 6 bullets per slide
• No more than 6 bullet-point slides in a row
The 10-20-30 rule
• 10: total number of slides
• 20: total time allowed
• 30: minimum font size
Facts and figures
• Figures should be in your brain, not (just) on the screen
• Show the audience you’ve done your homework
• You can’t say everything in your talk• Less useful figures should be in the handout
Key phrases for facts and figures
• ex. 5 p. 23• ex. 7 p. 23• ex. 4 p. 24• ex. 5 p. 25• ex. 6 p. 25
Body language
• Natural vs artificial• Face to face vs face to faces• You are your most important visual aid• People believe what they see, not what they
hear
Key moves for body language
• ex. 3 p. 26• ex. 5 p. 27• ex. 1 p. 28• ex. 3 p. 28• ex. 6 p. 28
Rapport building
• Know and target the audience• Be open and listen to the audience• Connect with the audience– Tag questions
• Be passionate about the topic• Detect intelligence types• Humor– a fun person creates opportunities for laughter to
emerge
Key phrases for rapport building
• ex. 3 p. 30• ex. 5. p. 31
Intelligence types
• Visual• Auditory• Logical• Physical/spatial• Interpersonal• Intrapersonal
Key notions for intelligence types
• ex. 4 p. 33• ex. 6 p. 33
Impact techniques
• Repetition– ex. 4 p. 34
• Mantra: repeated phrase• Alliteration: repetition of the same sound– ex. 6 p. 35
• Rhetorical questions– ex. 3 p. 36
• Groups of three (plus one)– ex. 7 p. 37
• Opposites– ex. 2 p. 38
• Intensifiers– ex. 4. p. 39
• Metaphors– ex. 5 p. 39
Storytelling:at the beginning or at the end
• Telling stories/anecdotes– ex. 2 p. 42– ex. 4 p. 44
• Exaggeration– gradability– ex. 7 p. 45
• Simile– ex. 9 p. 45
Q&A session
• Deal with• Define• Defuse• Divide• Deflect• Defer• Disarm• Decline
Dealing with Q&A
• Anticipate plausible questions from the audience
• Make sure key themes are explained and linked
• A second (powerful) close after the Q&A session– ex. 10 p. 49