public service radio in india

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Dr. Ankuran DuttaHead, Dept. of Communication & Journalism, Gauhati University, India

Managing Trustee, Dr. Anamika Ray Memorial Trust

Public Service Broadcasting in IndiaALL INDIA RADIO

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2 May 2023 © ARMT, 2017 [CC-BY-SA]:: http://armt.in 2

this presentation is dedicated to Dr Anamika Ray

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Growth of Radio in India

• 13 years before AIR came into existence.

• In June 1923 the Radio Club of Bombay made the first ever broadcast in India.

• Followed by the setting up of the Calcutta Radio Club five months later.

• The Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) started on July 23, 1927.

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Growth of Radio in India

• April 1930, the Indian Broadcasting Service, under the Department of Industries and Labour, commenced its operations on an experimental basis.

• Lionel Fielden was appointed the first Controller of Broadcasting in August 1935.

• A month later Akashvani Mysore, a private radio station was set up.

• On June 8, 1936, the Indian State Broadcasting Service became All India Radio.

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Public Service Broadcasting

• All India Radio is the Public Service Radio of India

• All India Radio (AIR) has been serving to inform, educate and entertain the masses since it's inception.

• The motto of AIR is – ‘Bahujan Hitaya: Bahujan Sukhaya’.

• To provide information, education and entertainment, for promoting the welfare and happiness of the masses (Bahujana Hitaya Bahujana Sukhaya).

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Objectives of AIR

• Uphold the unity of the country and the democratic values enshrined in the constitution.

• Present a fair and balanced flow of information of national, regional, local and international interest, including contrasting views, without advocating any opinion or ideology of its own.

• Promote the interest and concerns of the entire nation, being mindful of the need for harmony and understanding within the country and ensuring that the programmes reflect the varied elements which make the composite culture of India.

• Produce and transmit varied programmes designed to awaken, inform, enlighten, educate, entertain and enrich all sections of the people.

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Objectives of air

• Produce and transmit programmes relating to developmental activities in all their facets including extension work in agriculture, education, health and family welfare and science & technology.

• Serve the rural, illiterate and under-privileged population, keeping in the mind the special needs and interest of the young, social and cultural minorities, the tribal population and those residing in border regions, backward or remote areas.

• Promote social justice and combat exploitation, inequality and such evils as untouchability and narrow parochial loyalties.

• Serve the rural population, minority communities, women, children, illiterate as well as other weaker and vulnerable sections of the society.

• Promote national integration.

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Prasar Bharati: Broadcasting Corporation of India

• The Prasar Bharati Board functions at the apex level ensuring formulation and implementation of the policies of the organization and fulfillment of the mandate in terms of the Prasar Bharati Act, 1990.

• The Executive Member functions as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Corporation.

• Prasar Bharati Marketing offices located at Mumbai, New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Jallandhar, look after the marketing activities of both All India Radio and Doordarshan.

• Prasar Bharati also has a unified vigilance set up at the headquarters, headed by a Chief Vigilance Officer.

• The Director General heads the Directorate of All India Radio.

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ALL INDIA RADIO

• Director General, All India Radio is responsible for the overall administration of the entire Akashvani network consisting of – 419 stations

– 608 broadcast transmitters • 145 are MW (Medium Wave),

• 415 FM (Frequency Modulation) and

• 48 SW (Short Wave) transmitters as on 2016)

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Organisational structure of AIR

• PROGRAMME WING

The Director General is assisted by Additional Directors General (ADG’s) in the Headquarters and in the regions. The Headquarters of the Regional ADG’s are at Bhubaneshwar (ER-I), Kolkata (ER-II), Mumbai (WR-I,WR-II), Lucknow (CR-I), Bhopal (CR-II), Guwahati (NER-I), Aizwal (NER-II), Chennai (SR-I), Bangalore (SR-II), Chandigarh (NR-I), Delhi (NR-II).

• ENGINEERING WING

In respect of technical matters the Director General is assisted by the Engineer-in-Chief and Additional Directors General(E) in the headquarters and the Zones. In addition there is a Planning and Development Unit in the Headquarters in respect of Development Plan Schemes of All India Radio. For Civil Construction activities, the Director General is assisted by the Civil Construction Wing (CCW), which is headed by a Chief Engineer. CCW also caters to the needs of Doordarshan.

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• ADMINISTRATIVE WING

Additional Director General (Administration) and a Deputy Director General (Administration & Finance) assists the Director General on matters of administration and finance, while Additional Directors General (Programme) assists DG in administration of Programme personnel. A Director looks after the Engineering Administration of All India Radio.

• SECURITY WING

The security set up comprises of a Deputy Director General (Security), Assistant Director General (Security) and a Deputy Director (Security). They handle matters of the security and safety of AIR installations, transmitters, studios, offices etc. The Security needs of Doordarshan are also looked after by these officers.

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• NEWS SERVICES DIVISION

The News Services Division works round the clock and broadcasts over 647 news bulletins both in the home and in external services. The bulletins are in Indian and Foreign languages. It is headed by Director General News Service. There are 44 regional News Units.

• AUDIENCE RESEARCH WING

The Director Audience Research heads the Unit of Audience Research in the Directorate. Surveys to gauge listening habits and programme preferences for effective programme planning at various stations of All India Radio are handled by field units under the supervision of the Directorate.

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• EXTERNAL SERVICES DIVISION

The External Services Division of All India Radio broadcasts in 27 languages – 16 foreign and 11 Indian languages. These services are radiated for an aggregate duration of 72 hours daily and are projected to over 100 countries.

• TRANSCRIPTION & PROGRAMME EXCHANGE SERVICE

This service looks after exchange of programmes among the stations, building and maintenance of sound archives and commercial release of prestigious recordings of music maestros.

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• RESEARCH DEPARTMENT

The functions of the Research Department include Research and Development of equipment required by AIR and Doordarshan, investigation and studies relating to AIR and Doordarshan, development of Prototype models of R&D equipment for limited use field trials in the network of AIR and Doordarshan.

• STAFF TRAINING INSTITUTE (PROGRAMME)

The Staff Training Institute (Programme) started in 1948. It has two main branches functioning from Kingsway Camp Delhi and Bhubaneshwar. They impart in-service training to Programme Personnel and Administrative Staff, induction course for the newly recruited staff and short duration refreshment courses. It also conducts examinations for administrative staff. In addition, at present five Regional Training Institutes at Hyderabad, Shillong, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Thiruvananthapuram are working.

The Staff Training Institute (Technical), part of the Directorate since 1985, now functions at Kingsway Camp, Delhi. The Institute organizes Training Courses for the engineering staff of All India Radio and Doordarshan from the level of Technician to the Superintending Engineer.

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AIR Broadcasting System

• Three-tier Broadcasting System

• AIR has a three-tier system of broadcasting. These three levels of programmes are the National, Regional and Local each having distinct audiences.

• National programmes are broadcast from Delhi for relay by the Capital, Regional and Local Radio Stations. Some of these are the National Programme of Talks and Features in Hindi and English, the National Programmes of Drama and Music.

• The National Channel of All India Radio located in Delhi broadcasts programmes which are heard on Medium Wave and also on Short Wave. Started on 18th May 1988, this channel works as a night service from 6.50 PM to 6.10 AM the next morning. Broadcasting in Hindi, Urdu and English, the programme composition of the channel has been designed to make it representative of the cultural mosaic and ethos of the country.

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• The Regional Stations in different States form the middle tier of broadcasting. They originate programmes in the regional languages and dialects. Regional Channels are located in the major linguistic-cultural region of every state.

• 116 Regional Channels are spread over 29 states & 6 Union Territories including the North-Eastern Service at Shillong that projects the vibrant cultural heritage of the North-Eastern region of this country.

• The Regional Channels, broadcast largely on the Medium Wave frequency, follow a composite programme pattern comprising of music - classical, light, folk and film, News and Current Affairs, Radio plays, features, Farm and Home programmes, programmes on Health & Family Welfare and programmes for Woman, Children etc.

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• Local Radio is relatively a newer concept of broadcasting in India. Local radio stations serve small communities, showcase local culture and broadcast area specific programmes for the benefit of the community. The transmission is in the FM mode. The programming is flexible and spontaneous and the stations function as the mouth piece of the local community. At present there are 86 Local Stations spread across the country.

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AIR- at a glance

Broadcasting Centres 419

Full-fledged stations 219

a) Local radio stations 87

b) Stations with studios 127

c) Community Radio 05

Relay Centres 200

AIR stations with FM 386

Vividh Bharati Centres 37

Centres for External Service 11

Recording only studio 1

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AIR at a glance

No. of Transmitters 608

Medium Wave 145

Short Wave 48

FM 415

Captive earth stations 32

Studios 222

RNU 46

AIR DTH Channel 24

Coverage Area By Area (%) By Population (%)

Medium Wave+FM 92.00 99.20

Medium wave only 90.65 98.40

FM Only 34.00 47.00

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