public sector labor law in the kaye court vincent martin bonventre, j.d., ph.d. taylor law...
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PUBLIC SECTOR LABOR LAW PUBLIC SECTOR LABOR LAW in thein the
KAYE COURTKAYE COURTVincent Martin Bonventre, J.D., Ph.D.Vincent Martin Bonventre, J.D., Ph.D.Taylor Law Conference, May 16, 2008Taylor Law Conference, May 16, 2008
Judges of the Current Judges of the Current CourtCourt
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law: Case Outcomes
77
54 53 5458
87
63
23
46 47 4642
13
37
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Unanimous/ Divided
Pro-E'ee Pro-Mangt
Pro-CB Con-CB
Pro-Arb'n Con-Arb'n
Pub Pol OK Pub Pol Viol
Aff PERB Rev PERB
Aff App Div Rev App Div
Outcome(Percent of Relevant cases: Total 26 cases)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f R
elev
ant
case
s
The prophecies of what the The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law.are what I mean by the law.
Oliver W. HolmesOliver W. Holmes
There is in each of us a There is in each of us a stream of tendency, whether stream of tendency, whether you choose to call it you choose to call it philosophy… Judges cannot philosophy… Judges cannot escape that current any more escape that current any more than other mortals.than other mortals. Benjamin N. Cardozo
Know your audience. That’s always the first thing. [I]t’s important to find out what you can about the court before which you are appearing. Antonin Scalia
Judith S. KayeJudith S. Kaye Appointed 1983 by Appointed 1983 by
CuomoCuomo First woman on CourtFirst woman on Court From NYC (born in From NYC (born in
Monticello)Monticello) Appointed Chief Appointed Chief
Judge 1993 by Cuomo Judge 1993 by Cuomo
(replaced SW (replaced SW [Cuomo])[Cuomo])
Reappointed March Reappointed March 2007 by Spitzer2007 by Spitzer
Mandatory age Mandatory age retirement 2008retirement 2008
Carmen Beauchamp Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick Ciparick
Appointed 1994 by Appointed 1994 by CuomoCuomo
(replaced SFH (replaced SFH [Cuomo])[Cuomo])
First Hispanic on CourtFirst Hispanic on Court From NYCFrom NYC Reappointed Jan. 2008Reappointed Jan. 2008
By SpitzerBy Spitzer Mandatory age Mandatory age
retirement 2012retirement 2012
Victoria A. Graffeo Victoria A. Graffeo
Appointed 2000 by Appointed 2000 by PatakiPataki
(replaced JWB (replaced JWB [Cuomo])[Cuomo])
From Guilderland From Guilderland (born Rockville (born Rockville Center)Center)
Term expires Nov. Term expires Nov. 20142014
Mandatory age Mandatory age retirement 2022retirement 2022
Susan P. ReadSusan P. Read
Appointed 2003 by Appointed 2003 by PatakiPataki
(replaced HL (replaced HL [Cuomo])[Cuomo])
From Capital Region From Capital Region (born Gallipolis, Ohio)(born Gallipolis, Ohio)
Mandatory age Mandatory age retirement 2017retirement 2017
Term expires Jan. Term expires Jan. 20172017
Robert S. Smith Robert S. Smith
Appointed 2003 by Appointed 2003 by PatakiPataki
(replaced RW (replaced RW [Pataki])[Pataki])
From NYCFrom NYC Mandatory age Mandatory age
retirement 2014retirement 2014
Eugene F. Pigott, Jr. Eugene F. Pigott, Jr.
Appointed 2006 by Appointed 2006 by PatakiPataki
(replaced GBS (replaced GBS [Cuomo])[Cuomo])
From Grand Island From Grand Island [Buffalo area][Buffalo area]
(born Rochester, (born Rochester, NY)NY)
Mandatory age Mandatory age retirement 2016retirement 2016
Theodore T. Jones Jr. Theodore T. Jones Jr.
Appointed 2007 by Appointed 2007 by Spitzer (replaced Spitzer (replaced AMR [Pataki]AMR [Pataki]
From NYCFrom NYC Mandatory age Mandatory age
retirement 2014retirement 2014
Richard C. Wesley Richard C. Wesley (resigned 2003)(resigned 2003)
Appointed 1997 by PatakiAppointed 1997 by Pataki
(replaced RDS [Cuomo])(replaced RDS [Cuomo]) From LivoniaFrom Livonia
[Rochester area][Rochester area]
(born Canandaigua, New (born Canandaigua, New York)York)
Resigned for 2d Circuit Resigned for 2d Circuit appointment, 2003appointment, 2003
Pataki replaced w/RS Pataki replaced w/RS SmithSmith
George Bundy Smith George Bundy Smith (retired 2006) (retired 2006) Appointed 1992 by Appointed 1992 by
CuomoCuomo
(replaced FA [Cuomo])(replaced FA [Cuomo]) From NYC (born New From NYC (born New
Orleans)Orleans) Denied reappointment Denied reappointment
by Pataki September by Pataki September 20062006
(mandatory age (mandatory age retirement would have retirement would have been 2007)been 2007)
Pataki replaced w/ Pataki replaced w/ PigottPigott
Albert M. Rosenblatt Albert M. Rosenblatt (retired 2006)(retired 2006)
Appointed 1998 by Appointed 1998 by PatakiPataki
(replaced VJT (replaced VJT [Cuomo])[Cuomo])
From Dutchess From Dutchess County (born NYC)County (born NYC)
Reached mandatory Reached mandatory retirement age, 2006retirement age, 2006
Spitzer replaced w/ Spitzer replaced w/ JonesJones
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law: Case Outcomes
77
54 53 5458
87
63
23
46 47 4642
13
37
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Unanimous/ Divided
Pro-E'ee Pro-Mangt
Pro-CB Con-CB
Pro-Arb'n Con-Arb'n
Pub Pol OK Pub Pol Viol
Aff PERB Rev PERB
Aff App Div Rev App Div
Outcome(Percent of Relevant Cases: Total 26 Cases)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f R
elev
ant
Cas
es
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Unanimous/Divided Decisions
77
2523
75
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Unanimous/ Divided ('93 - '08) Unanimous/ Divided (2007)
Outcome: Unanimous/Divided(Percent of Total 26 cases)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cent
of
Tota
l Cas
es
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Unanimous/Divided Decisions
20
1
6
3
0
5
10
15
20
25
Unanimous/ Divided ( '93 - '08) Unanimous/ Divided (2007)
Outcome: Unanimous/Divided(Number of Cases: Total 26 Cases)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Num
ber
of C
ases
Recent Divided DecisionsRecent Divided Decisions Mayor of City of New York Mayor of City of New York (2007) [S]: Local Law (2007) [S]: Local Law
expanding “uniformed” status to add’l fire service expanding “uniformed” status to add’l fire service employees not precluded by TL or Mayoral prerogative. employees not precluded by TL or Mayoral prerogative. Read dissent: TL preempts. Read dissent: TL preempts.
City of Long BeachCity of Long Beach (2007) [P]: CBA provision on (2007) [P]: CBA provision on transferring displaced provisional employees conflicts w/ transferring displaced provisional employees conflicts w/ CSL & municipal authority. K & C dissent: CSL & municipal authority. K & C dissent: protection of employees by placement into open position protection of employees by placement into open position not necessarily violative.not necessarily violative.
NYC Transit AuthNYC Transit Auth (2007)[S]: No TL right to union (2007)[S]: No TL right to union representation at disciplinary interview. K & C representation at disciplinary interview. K & C dissent: such representation fundamental to dissent: such representation fundamental to participating in union.participating in union.
****************************************************** Earlier…City of Watertown Earlier…City of Watertown (2000) [K]: No statutory (2000) [K]: No statutory
(GML 207-c) or PP bar to bargaining for arb procedures (GML 207-c) or PP bar to bargaining for arb procedures for contesting municipal initial determinations. Ro, for contesting municipal initial determinations. Ro, GBS & L dissent: defeats initial determination authority.GBS & L dissent: defeats initial determination authority.
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Pro-Employee/Pro-Management Decisions
5450
4650
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pro-Employee/ Pro-Management Cases
Pro-Employee/ Pro-Management Issues
Outcome: Pro-E'ee/ Pro-Mangt(Percent of Total 26 Cases/Total 30 Issues)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cent
of T
otal
Cas
es/Is
sues
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Pro-Employee/Pro-Management Decisions
50
25
50
75
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pro-Employee/ Pro-Management ('93 - '08)
Pro-Employee/ Pro-Management ('06 - '07)
Outcome: Pro-E'ee/ Pro-Mangt(Percent of Total 30 Issues; 8 Issues 2007)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cent
of I
ssue
s
Recent Pro-Management Recent Pro-Management DecisionsDecisions City of Long BeachCity of Long Beach (2007): Disapproving CBA provision (2007): Disapproving CBA provision
protecting displaced provisional employees, as violative of protecting displaced provisional employees, as violative of CSL.CSL.
County of ChautauquaCounty of Chautauqua (2007): Disapproving CBA (2007): Disapproving CBA provision on layoffs by seniority alone, as violative of CSL. provision on layoffs by seniority alone, as violative of CSL. (But interdepartmental bumping ok for CBA.)(But interdepartmental bumping ok for CBA.)
NYC Transit AuthorityNYC Transit Authority (2007): Rejecting any right under (2007): Rejecting any right under TL to union rep at disciplinary precharge interview.TL to union rep at disciplinary precharge interview.
Professional Staff Congress-CUNYProfessional Staff Congress-CUNY (2006): Approving (2006): Approving CUNY’s unilateral change of policies during negotiation of CUNY’s unilateral change of policies during negotiation of new CBA because not covered in expired CBA.new CBA because not covered in expired CBA.
Patrolmen’s Benevolent Ass’nPatrolmen’s Benevolent Ass’n (2006): Police discipline (2006): Police discipline not subject to CB where municipality has laws preexisting not subject to CB where municipality has laws preexisting TL.TL.
Poughkeepsie Professional Firefighters Assn.Poughkeepsie Professional Firefighters Assn. (2006): (2006): Rejecting CB over a municipality’s authority to make initial Rejecting CB over a municipality’s authority to make initial determinations of disability & eligibility for benefits.determinations of disability & eligibility for benefits.
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Pro/Con Collective Bargaining Decisions
534847
52
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pro-Bargaining/ Con-Bargaining Cases
Pro-Bargaining/ Con-Bargaining Issues
Outcome: Pro/Con Bargaining(Percent of Relevant18 Cases/Relevant 21 Issues)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cent
of C
ases
/Issu
es
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Pro/Con Collective Bargaining Decisions
48
29
52
71
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pro-Bargaining/ Con-Bargaining ('93 - '08)
Pro-Bargaining/ Con-Bargaining ('06 - '07)
Outcome: Pro/Con Bargaining(Percent of Relevant Total 21 Issues; 7 Issues '06+'07)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f Is
sues
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Pro/Con Arbitartion Decisions
54 53
46 47
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pro-Arbitration/ Con-Arbitration Cases
Pro-Arbitration/ Con-Arbitration Issues
Outcome: Pro/Con Arbitration(Percent of Relevant14 Cases/Relevant 15 Issues)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f C
ases
/Issu
es
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Pro/Con Arbitration Decisions
53
20
47
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Pro-Arbitration/ Con-Arbitration ('93 - '08)
Pro-Arbitration/ Con-Arbitration ('06 - '07)
Outcome: Pro/Con Arbitration(Percent of Relevant Total 15 Issues; 5 Issues '06+'07)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f Is
sues
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Public Policy (OK/Violation) Decisions
58 57
42 43
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Public Ploicy OK/ Public Policy Viol.Cases
Public Policy OK/ Public Policy Viol.Issues
Outcome: OK/Viol. Public Policy(Percent of Relevant 13 Cases/Relevant 14 Issues)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f C
ases
/Issu
es
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Public Policy (OK/Violation) Decisions
57
20
42
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Public Policy OK/ Public Policy Viol.('93 - '08)
Public Policy OK/ Public Policy Viol.('06 - '07)
Outcome: OK/Viol. Public Policy(Percent of Relevant Total 14 Issues; 5 Issues '06+'07)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cent
of I
ssue
s
Recent Decisions on Public Recent Decisions on Public Policy (Violation)Policy (Violation)
City of Long BeachCity of Long Beach (2007): Provisional (2007): Provisional employees.employees.
County of ChautauquaCounty of Chautauqua (2007): Seniority layoffs. (2007): Seniority layoffs. (But not interdepartmental bumping.)(But not interdepartmental bumping.)
Patrolmen’s Benevolent Assn. of C. of N.Y.Patrolmen’s Benevolent Assn. of C. of N.Y. (2006): Police Discipline.(2006): Police Discipline.
Poughkeepsie Professional Firefighters Assn.Poughkeepsie Professional Firefighters Assn. (2006): Initial determinations.(2006): Initial determinations.
************************************************** Blackburne and Gov’s Ofc. of Emp. Rel.Blackburne and Gov’s Ofc. of Emp. Rel. (!996): (!996):
CB or arbitration over disciplinary discharge for CB or arbitration over disciplinary discharge for Hatch Act violation contravenes public policy Hatch Act violation contravenes public policy which renders this a sovereign decision.which renders this a sovereign decision.
Schenectady Police Ben. AssnSchenectady Police Ben. Assn. (1995): GML . (1995): GML 207-c precludes CB over municipalities unilateral 207-c precludes CB over municipalities unilateral rules re: light duty for sick or injured police, rules re: light duty for sick or injured police, surgery, and waiver or pertinent medical surgery, and waiver or pertinent medical confidentialityconfidentiality..
Decisions on Public PolicyDecisions on Public Policy(No Violation)(No Violation)
City of JohnstownCity of Johnstown (2002): Arbitration over the (2002): Arbitration over the meaning of CBA retirement benefits provision. meaning of CBA retirement benefits provision. (G dissent.)(G dissent.)
NYC Transit AuthorityNYC Transit Authority (2002): Arbitration of (2002): Arbitration of disciplinary penalty imposed by TA.disciplinary penalty imposed by TA.
City of WatertownCity of Watertown (2000): CB over procedures (2000): CB over procedures for contesting municipal initial determinations. for contesting municipal initial determinations. (Ro, GBS, L dissent.)(Ro, GBS, L dissent.)
Professional, Clerical, Technical Employees Professional, Clerical, Technical Employees AssnAssn. (1997): CB on promotional practices and . (1997): CB on promotional practices and preferences based on exam scores.preferences based on exam scores.
Newark Valley C. Sch. DistNewark Valley C. Sch. Dist. (1994): CB over . (1994): CB over bus drivers smoking when children absent not bus drivers smoking when children absent not preempted by Educ. L or Pub. Health L.preempted by Educ. L or Pub. Health L.
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Affirm/Reverse PERB8783
1317
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Affirm PERB/ Reverse PERB Cases
Affirm PERB/ Reverse PERB Issues
Outcome: Aff/Rev PERB(Percent of Relevant 10 Cases/Relevant 12 Issues)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f C
ases
/Issu
es
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Affirm/Reverse PERB83
75
17
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Affirm PERB/ Reverse PERB ('93 - '08)
Affirm PERB/ Reverse PERB ('06 - '07)
Outcome: Aff/Rev PERB(Percent of Relevant Total 12 Issues; 4 Issues '06+'07)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f Is
sues
Decisions on PERB Decisions on PERB (Aff’d)(Aff’d)
Professional Staff Congress-CUNYProfessional Staff Congress-CUNY (2006): Waiver (2006): Waiver of rights in expired CBA is “status quo”.of rights in expired CBA is “status quo”.
Patrolmen’s Benevolent Ass’nPatrolmen’s Benevolent Ass’n (2006): NYC police (2006): NYC police discipline not subject to CB.discipline not subject to CB.
Poughkeepsie Professional Firefighters Assn.Poughkeepsie Professional Firefighters Assn. (2006): Initial determinations not for CB..(2006): Initial determinations not for CB..
City of WatertownCity of Watertown (2000): Procedures for (2000): Procedures for contesting initial determinations are T or C of contesting initial determinations are T or C of employment. employment.
Newark Valley C. Sch. DistNewark Valley C. Sch. Dist. (1994): Requiring CB . (1994): Requiring CB over bus drivers smoking when children absent.over bus drivers smoking when children absent.
********************************************** BUT:BUT:
NYC Transit AuthorityNYC Transit Authority (2007): TL right to (2007): TL right to “participate” in a union includes right to union “participate” in a union includes right to union representative at disciplinary interview. (Rev’d over representative at disciplinary interview. (Rev’d over K & C dissent.)K & C dissent.)
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Affirm/Reverse Appellate Division
6367
3733
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Affirm App Div/ Reverse App Div Cases
Affirm App Div/ Reverse App Div Issues
Outcome: Aff/Rev App Div(Percent of Total 28 Cases/Total 30 Issues)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f C
ases
/Issu
es
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law:
Aff/Rev App Div Departartments100
50
85
37
0
50
15
63
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Affirm / Reverse App Div 1st
Affirm / Reverse App Div 2d
Affirm / Reverse App Div 3d
Affirm / Reverse App Div 4th
Outcome: Aff/Rev App Div Depts(Percent of Issues: 1st-4, 2d-6, 3d-13, 4th-8)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cent
of I
ssue
s
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law: Case Outcomes
77
54 53 5458
87
63
23
46 47 4642
13
37
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Unanimous/ Divided
Pro-E'ee Pro-Mangt
Pro-CB Con-CB
Pro-Arb'n Con-Arb'n
Pub Pol OK Pub Pol Viol
Aff PERB Rev PERB
Aff App Div Rev App Div
Outcome(Percent of Relevant Cases: Total 26 Cases)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t o
f R
elev
ant
Cas
es
Kaye Court (1993-2008)Public Sector Labor Law: Recent Outcomes
(2006-2007)
57
2529
20 20
43
7571
80 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Unanimous/ Divided
Cases
Pro-E'ee Pro-Mangt
Issues
Pro-CB Con-CB
Issues
Pro-Arb'n Con-Arb'n
Issues
Pub Pol OK Pub Pol Viol
Issues
Outcome(Percent of Relevant Cases/Issues)
Source: Vincent M. Bonventre, Albany Law School 5/08
Per
cen
t