public policy report
TRANSCRIPT
PUBLIC CHOICES
POLICY CHANGE
GLOBAL AGENDA
Edmar B. Cornejo
PUBLIC CHOICE
•study of political decision making.•Public choice theory is derived from the research of James Buchanan, Gary Becker, Victor Fuchs, Richard McKenzie, and Gordon Tullock.•It applies the analysis most often associated with the study of private markets to behavior in government.
Public Choice Theory Has Been Used to Study
Prejudice Spouse seeking
Immigration Marriage
Health Divorce
Crime Fertility
PUBLIC CHOICE AND THE POLITICAL
MARKETPLACE
Public choice theory applies the
economic way of thinking to the choices
that people and governments make in a
political marketplace.
The actors in the political marketplace
are:
Voters
Firms
Politicians
Bureaucrats
POLITICAL MARKET PLACE
POLICY CHANGE
major change in attitude, principle or
point of view
Six Theories about Policy Change
global theories developed by political
scientists to explain how various kinds of
advocacy strategies and conditions relate to
policy change
theories about common advocacy
strategies or tactics that are likely part of
broader advocacy efforts or campaigns.
1. “Large Leaps” or Punctuated
Equilibrium Theory
(Baumgartner, Jones)
Political Science
How Change Happens ?
significant changes in policy and institutions
can occur when the right conditions are in
place.
This theory may be useful when
•Large-scale policy change is the primary
goal
•Strong capacity for media advocacy exists
2. “Coalition” Theory or Advocacy
Coalition Framework
(Sabatier, Jenkins-Smith)
Political Science
How Change Happens ?
through coordinated activity among a
range of individuals with the same core
policy beliefs
This theory may be useful when
•A sympathetic administration is in office
•A strong group of allies with a common
goal is in place or can be formed
3. “Policy Windows” or Agenda Setting
(Kingdon)
Political ScienceHow Change Happens ?
advocates successfully connect two or more components of the policy process: the way a problem is defined, the policy solution to the problem or the political climate surrounding their issue.
This theory may be useful when
•Multiple policy streams can be addressed simultaneously (problem definition, policy solutions and/or political climate)•Internal capacity exists to create, identify, and act on policy windows
4. “Messaging and Frameworks”
or Prospect Theory
(Tversky & Kahneman)
PsychologyHow Change Happens ?
Individuals’ policy preferences or willingness to accept them will vary depending on how options are framed or presented.
This theory may be useful whenThe issue needs to be redefined as part of a larger campaign or effortA key focus of the work is on increasing awareness, agreement on problem definition, or an issue’s salience
5. “Power Politics” or Power Elites Theory
(C. Wright Mills, Domhoff)
Sociology
How Change Happens ?
working directly with those with power
to make decisions or influence decision
making.
This theory may be useful when
One or more key allies is in place
The focus is on incremental policy change
(e.g., administrative or rule changes)
6. “Grassroots” or Community Organizing
Theory
(Alinsky, Biklen)
Social Psychology
How Change Happens ?
collective action by members of the
community who work on changing problems
affecting their lives.
This theory may be useful when
A distinct group of individuals is directly
affected by an issue
The advocacy organization can and is
willing to play a “convener” or “capacity-
builder” role rather than the “driver” role
GLOBAL AGENDA
Invest in technology
Promote a global IT market
Accelerate the development of small and
medium-size enterprises
Ensure choice in government procurement
Encourage and enable research.
Expand broadband access
Create opportunities for youth
Improve education through greater use of
technology
Increase access for people with disabilities
and older adults
Embrace digital government
Improve health and healthcare
Strengthen efforts to fight cybercrime
Address energy and environmental
challenges
Privatisation
Terrorism