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2011

LINDSAY BELL

DELA SURTI

PUBLIC HEALTH MATTERS NC “This is Public Health” Campaign

North Carolina Public Health Association

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Table of Contents

I. Overview……………………………………………………......3

Purpose What is Public Health? About the North Carolina Public Health Association

II. Public Health Topics………………………………….4-11

Environmental Health………………………………………..4 Health Behavior and Education…………………………..5 Dental Health…………………………………………………….6 Wellness and Prevention……………………………………7 Epidemiology…………………………………………………….8 Nursing……………………………………………………………..9 HIV/STDS………………………………………………………..10 Women and Children’s Health…………………………..11

III. North Carolina Public Health in Action……12-14 Healthy Communities……………………………………….12 Health Policies……………………………………………13-14

IV. Social Media Outreach………………………………….15 What is Social Media? Facebook Twitter

V. Local and State Health Resources…………………16

VI. Sustainability Plan……………………………………….17

VII. Citations………………………………………………….18-19

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Overview

PH Matters: What is our Mission?

The purpose of the “Public Health Matters NC” toolkit is to educate the North

Carolina Public Health Association (NCPHA) members, public health professionals, and

citizens of North Carolina on the importance of public health. This toolkit supports

healthy communities and health policies throughout the state of North Carolina.

What is public health?

According to whatispublichealth.org, Public Health is the science and art of

protecting and improving the health of communities through education,

promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention.

The field of health science that is concerned with safeguarding and improving the

physical, mental, and social well-being of the community as a whole.

About the North Carolina Public Health Association (NCPHA):

The NCPHA was formed in 1909 by a group of concerned county superintendents

of health in an effort to promote health in North Carolina. Over 100 years later, our

association of individuals and organizations continues working to improve the public’s

health through political advocacy, public awareness, professional development, and

serving as an interface between research and practice. The purpose of many NCPHA

sections is to bring together people from official agencies, schools, organizations,

community groups, and businesses to foster and stimulate greater opportunities for

cooperation with health personnel, and promote joint planning to provide a better

understanding in the promotion of health for all people.

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Environmental health consists of the air we breathe, water we drink, and

the complex interactions between human genetics and our surrounding

environment.

Examples of environmental health topics:

Biological safety

Chemical safety

Emergency preparedness

Environmental affairs

Fire safety & Emergencies

Industrial Hygiene

Laboratory safety

Radiation safety

Occupational Health clinic

Workers Compensation

Services in NC:

NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources (environment

issues, habitat and wildlife)

NC State University Environment and Health Safety

Division of Air Quality (Air quality index, monitoring data)

NC Radiation and Protection (tanning, x-rays programs, radioactivity,

regulations)

Environmental Health

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Health Behavior and Education

Health Behavior and Education focuses on techniques to encourage people

to engage in healthy choices including: community development programs

consisting of healthy lifestyles to prevent disease and injury, and research

complex health issues. Specialists promote efficient uses of health services, adopt

self-care practices, and actively participate in implementing various health

programs.

Examples of health behavior and education topics:

Mental health

Aging

Health promotion/disease prevention

Public health practice

Health education and behavior change

Disability and health

Social research

Services in NC:

NC Area Health Education Center

Durham Community Health Network

County Health Departments

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Dental Health

A healthy smile gives off positive factors such as: social mobility and acceptance,

interpersonal relations, employability, and a good self-image. Poor oral health leads to

much pain and infection, absence from school or work, poor nutrition, inability to speak or

eat properly, poor overall health, and could also lead to early death.

Examples of dental health problems:

Dental caries (tooth decay, cavities)

Mouth odor

Periodontal disease (gum disease)

Malocclusion (crooked teeth)

Edentulism (complete tooth loss)

Oral-facial injuries

Craniofacial birth defects (cleft lip/cleft palate)

Oral cancer

Ways to prevent oral disease:

Preventing diseases is one of the foundations of practicing public health; it may

occur at an individual or community level.

Three levels of prevention

1. Preventing disease before it occurs (programs such as community water

fluoridation, school dental sealant programs, and health education.)

2. Keeps an existing disease from becoming worse (dental screenings for

children and early detection of oral cancer in adults.)

3. Treatment to limit a disability to help rehabilitate an individual after a

disease has progressed. (Complex dental fillings, root canal treatment,

false teeth.)

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Wellness and Prevention

Wellness behaviors can be described as “eat your vegetables,” “go out and play with

your friends,” “be nice to your sister,” “smoking can be hazardous to your health,” “Just Say

No,” and “don’t drink and drive.” These slogans may seem very easy to follow in creating a

healthy lifestyle; but of course, the advice is not always as easy as it seems. Health care

systems focus on curing disease but it is also important to promote health and prevent

disease. The following topics focus on health wellness and prevention:

Elimination of smoking

Regular exercise

Good nutrition

Responsible use of alcohol

Safe sex practices

Eliminating drug abuse

Further research shows:

400,000 deaths could be saved by the elimination of smoking, 300,000 through good

nutrition and consistent exercise, and 100,000 by responsible alcohol use.

Services in NC:

NC tobacco prevention programs

NC Prevention Partners (for healthy choices)

NC Alliance for Healthy Communities

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Epidemiology

Epidemiology investigates the cause of a disease and then working to control its

spread, field work to determine causes, risks, who is at risk, and how to prevent further

evidence of a disease or injury. Epidemiologists focus on understanding and analyzing

demographics and social trends that influence disease and work to evaluate new

treatments.

Epidemiological services offered by the NC Department of Health and

Human Services:

Tracing the path of an infectious agents (HIV)

Consultations on community health problems

Surveillance and prevention activities

Outpatient care and support services (HIV/AIDS and other STD’s)

Medical evaluations for workers in hazardous trades

Identification of environmental or occupational threats from asbestos, lead,

chemicals, and other environmental factors

Services in NC:

NC Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (DETECT)

Epidemiology Research and Information Center (Durham)

( " S n o w C h o l e r a M a p " )

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Public Health Nursing

Public health nurses integrate community involvement and knowledge about an entire population or community with personal, clinical understandings of the health and illness experiences of individuals and families within that population. (APHA)

Public health nurses …

INFORM, EDUCATE & EMPOWER

Help prepare the public for natural and man-made disasters Advocate for and with underserved and disadvantaged communities Teach child care workers about common health issues Offer case management for high-risk populations

PROVIDE HEALTH CARE

Provide medical preventive and treatment services to high-risk populations Provide referrals through community links for needed care Encourage health promotion and prevention activities Organize medical care for Special Needs Shelters

MONITOR & IDENTIFY COMMUNITY HEALTH PROBLEMS

Gather and evaluate health information Look for health disparities and identify at-risk populations

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HIV/STD Control and Prevention

A sexually transmitted disease (STD), also known as a sexually transmitted

infection or venereal disease is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission

between humans by means of human sexual behavior. Two of the most talked about STDs in

North Carolina are Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Syphilis.

“Get Real, Get Tested” is a statewide HIV educational and testing campaign to encourage

citizens of North Carolina to get tested for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

The project includes television and radio messages, and a toll-free HIV/AIDS Hotline, 1-

888-HIV4REAL (1-888-448-4732).

The project was launched in October 2006 with a series of televised “Get Real, Get

Tested.” commercials on WRAZ/FOX 50 aired during popular prime-time shows.

Starting in Raleigh, Durham and Fayetteville, the commercials were then launched in

Charlotte, Greensboro and Wilmington markets.

The commercials feature local healthcare professionals, consumers, or N.C. Division of

Public Health staff discussing HIV and AIDS and encouraging the viewer to visit

the www.getrealgettested.com web site for more information and for a link to a list of

testing sites.

www.getrealgettested.com takes the visitor to a web page where they can type in a

North Carolina zip code to get referrals to North Carolina physicians, clinics, hospitals,

AIDS service organizations, etc., for HIV/AIDS testing and/or to be directed to other

HIV/AIDS-related services.

The North Carolina Syphilis Elimination Project

(NCSEP) began in 1998 when 28 counties were identified

as reporting more than 50 percent of the nation’s

morbidity for primary, secondary and early latent (PSEL)

syphilis. Currently, the North Carolina Syphilis

Elimination Effort (NCSEE) includes six counties; Durham,

Forsyth, Guilford, Mecklenburg, Robeson, and Wake.

NCSEE strives to reduce primary and secondary

syphilis through community involvement,

surveillance, prevention, rapid outbreak response,

targeted testing, health promotion and education.

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Women’s and Children’s Health

The field Women's and Children's Health assures, promotes and protects the health and development of families with emphasis on women, infants, children and youth. Women’s and Children’s Health programs place a major emphasis on providing preventive health services in the pre-pregnancy period and throughout childhood.

The special supplemental nutrition program for Women, Infants, and Children and is funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, commonly referred to as the WIC Program.

WIC is for:

Children up to 5 years of age Infants Pregnant women Breastfeeding women who have had a baby in the last 12 months Women who have had a baby in the last 6 months.

WIC provides:

Healthy foods Health care referrals Breastfeeding support Eating tips for you and your child

Eligibility for WIC

Live in North Carolina Live in a household with income at or below WIC guidelines Have a health risk factor based on:

o height and weight o blood test for low iron o health history o diet history

Farmers´ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP)

Improves the nutrition of WIC participants Increases North Carolina farmers´ share of the food dollar Helps revitalize rural areas by increasing awareness and use of farmers' markets. Coupons for WIC-eligible pregnant and postpartum women, breastfeeding women and children 3 to 4

years old to obtain fresh fruits and vegetables at local farmers' markets.

The WIC Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) has dual goals:

One goal is to improve the nutritional status of WIC participants by issuing coupons to them for the purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables at local farmers’ markets.

A second goal is to stimulate business for the local farmers and create a greater awareness of the farmers’ market. The program operates in thirty-seven (37) counties across North Carolina.

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Two key components of a healthy community:

1. It is a definition of a process, not of a status; a healthy community is not one that

has a high health status but consciously strives to improve the health of its citizens

by putting health high on the social and political agenda.

2. The process is to enable people to increase control and improve their individual

health through applying the concepts and principles of health promotion at a local

level.

Healthy communities slightly differ when compared to community based health

promotion programs because of their focus on the role of local government. The health

and well-being of citizens should be a key objective of local governments. They have

continued to play a significant role in creating physical and social environments

supporting healthy decisions.

Services in NC:

NC Farmers Market

Blue Cross Blue Shield NC – Foundation Healthy

Community Institute

Biking Trails (Cary trails)

Piedmont Triad Sustainability

NC Sea Grant- Clean Water, Healthy Communities

Active Living by Design (increasing physical activity and healthy eating through

community design)

Quit Now NC (tobacco cessation)

NC Farms to schools program

Sustainability Plan North Carolina Public Health In Action –

Healthy Communities

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North Carolina Public Health in Action

Health Policies

Prohibit Smoking in Certain Places (State Law 2009-27): All restaurants and bars in NC

are smoke-free

Ways to advocate for the cessation of Tobacco use:

Expand existing smoke-free law by advocating for legislation to make all NC worksites

and public places 100% smoke-free

Advocate for legislation that expands local control so local communities can pass

ordinances to eliminate exposure to secondhand smoke in worksites (in addition to

public places granted by HB 2

Support reinstituting North Carolina’s cigarette tax stamp to promote health, safety,

crime prevention efforts and increased state revenue.

Support funding for evidence-based tobacco use prevention and cessation programs.

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North Carolina Public Health in Action -

Health Policies (Continued)

Fitness Testing in Schools (State Law 2010-161): The State Board of Education

develops guidelines for public schools to use evidence-based fitness testing for students

statewide in grades kindergarten through eight.

Recommended by the legislative task force on childhood obesity.

This reduces overweight and obesity in children and increases physical activity.

Honors Courses in Healthful Living Classes (State Law 2010-35): North Carolina schools

now offer Physical Education and Health Honors Courses.

This law allows schools to put the Health and Physical Education skill set on par

with other academic skill sets which allows students interested in allied health

professions to access the same benefits as other fields.

State Law 2010-35 does not incur any additional cost to the state. The law simply

authorizes local school systems to offer the Healthful Living honors course, if they

chose to do so.

The Healthful Living honors course curriculum has already been prepared by the

Department of Public Instruction (DPI) and is ready to implement. These honors-level courses are more rigorous than standard-level courses and

provide multiple opportunities for students to take greater responsibility for their

learning. They also require higher quality work from the students than standard

courses.

Improve Childcare Nutrition/Activity Standards (State Law2010-117): Child care

facilities must ensure that all children receive nutritious food and beverages according to

their developmental needs. The nutrition standards shall include all of the following:

A prohibition against serving sugar sweetened beverages to children of any age.

A requirement to serve reduced fat milk to children older than two years of age. Each child care facility shall have a rest period for each child in care after lunch or at

some other appropriate time and arrange for each child in care to be out-of-doors

each day if weather conditions permit.

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Epidemiology

Social Media

1. What is social media?

Social media includes the various online technology tools that enable people to

communicate easily via the internet to share information and resources. Facebook and

Twitter are examples of social media websites. These online communities can help

individuals, groups, and organizations to increase visibility, educate members, and

provide a platform for engagement.

2. Efficient ways to use social media in your organization:

Provide mission and purpose of your group

Keep members engaged by updating involvement and activities

Organizational updates real time through Facebook and Twitter

Increase your organization’s presence online by using social media

Facebook is a social networking website that helps individuals stay connected through

several different features including: posting pictures, writing on the walls of other individuals

or groups, chat, newsfeed, status updates, and more. If your organization does not have a

Facebook page, you should create one. Then, post information about your events on your wall

or status. You can also create an event page that allows you to invite others to your events. You

can post event information and photos on the page and it will also allow you to view who plans

on attending.

Twitter is a social media platform that allows you to send short messages (140

characters or less called tweets) about your advocacy activities or about public health issues to

your followers. Twitter increases support and awareness of your cause by providing small daily

updates to your target audience about what you are doing for the causes and what they can do

to help.

Using Twitter to reach your target audience:

Tweets can be easily “retweeted” by other users.

NCPHA’s @NCPHA twitter feed provides frequent updates on public health issues in NC

that can be shared with your networks.

You can “mention” users or organizations to speak to them directly and publicly Ex:

@NCPHA

To speak privately you must send a direct message. “DM”

Tweet with a # (called a “hashtag”) to label your tweet’s subject or link it to a specific

cause. Ex: #PHMattersNC

Specific cause. Ex: #PHMattersNC

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Local and State Health Resources

There are many resources across the state of North Carolina that provide pertinent information and encourage citizens to lead healthy lifestyles.

NC Problem Gambling Hotline (When gambling causes financial or relationship

problems): 1-877-718-5543

Perinatal and Maternal Substance Abuse Initiative 1-800-367-2229

Pregnancy Exposure Risk line: 1-800-532-6302

Quit line (Support for North Carolinians looking to stop smoking) 1-800-QUIT-NOW

Regional Alcohol and Drug Assistance Resources 1-800-688-4232

Suicide Prevention Hotline: 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255)

Alcohol/Drug Council of NC Information and Referral: 1-800-688-4232

CARE-LINE Information and Referral Service (Help finding the programs and people

to help you): 1-800-662-7030

Caseworks for Families Residential Resource Initiative: 1-800-367-2229

Children with Special Healthcare Needs Helpline: 1-800-737-3028

Diabetes Hotline: 1-877-362-2678

Epilepsy Information Service: 1-800-642-0500

Family Health Resource Line (Child health, child care health, maternal health,

including substance abuse): 1-800-367-2229, (TTY 1-800-976-1922)

NC Poison Control Center: 1-800-222-1222

For information about how to contact your county health department go to

http://ncalhd.org/county.htm

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Sustainability Plan

The goal of the Public Health Matters North Carolina toolkit is to continue spreading

public health awareness in North Carolina. The aspects of the Public Health Matters

sustainability plan include:

Providing this toolkit (“Public Health Matters NC”) to NCPHA members, public health

professionals, and citizens of North Carolina for educational purposes.

This toolkit will be a resource that is continuously accessible on the NCPHA website

(www.ncpha.com).

Committees and sections of the NCPHA are encourages to show the Public Health

Matters toolkit at their meetings, workshops, and events.

This toolkit will be exposed to North Carolina citizens, Public Health Professionals

and NCPHA members on the NCPHA Twitter and Facebook pages.

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Citations

A l l u k i a n , M y r o n . O r a l H e a l t h . G a l e C o n t e n t . G a l e E n c y c l o p e d i a o f P u b l i c H e a l t h ,

2 0 0 2 . W e b . 2 0 J u l 2 0 1 1 . < h t t p : / / w w w . a s k . c o m / h e a l t h / g a l e c o n t e n t / o r a l - h e a l t h > .

B e h a v i o r a l S c i e n c e / H e a l t h E d u c a t i o n . W h a t i s P u b l i c H e a l t h ? A s s o c i a t i o n o f S c h o o l s

o f P u b l i c H e a l t h , n . d . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / w w w . w h a t i s p u b l i c h e a l t h . o r g / w h a t / i n d e x . h t m l # B e h a v i o r a l > .

E l i m i n a t i n g S y p h i l i s i n N o r t h C a r o l i n a . P u b l i c H e a l t h i n N o r t h C a r o l i n a . D e p a r t m e n t

o f H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s , n . d . W e b . 2 0 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / w w w . e p i . s t a t e . n c . u s / e p i / h i v / S y p h i l i s E l i m i n a t i o n 2 . h t m l > .

E p i d e m i o l o g y i n N o r t h C a r o l i n a P u b l i c H e a l t h i n N o r t h C a r o l i n a . N C D e p a r t m e n t o f

H e a l t h a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s , 0 7 / M a r / 2 0 1 1 . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / w w w . e p i . s t a t e . n c . u s / e p i / > .

E p i d e m i o l o g y . W h a t i s P u b l i c H e a l t h ? A s s o c i a t i o n o f S c h o o l s o f P u b l i c H e a l t h , n . d .

W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 . < h t t p : / / w w w . w h a t i s p u b l i c h e a l t h . o r g / w h a t / i n d e x . h t m l # B e h a v i o r a l > .

F a r m e r s M a r k e t N u t r i t i o n P r o g r a m G u i d e l i n e s . N u t r i t i o n N C . D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d

H u m a n S e r v i c e s , 2 2 M a r 2 0 1 1 . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / w w w . n u t r i t i o n n c . c o m / w i c / p d f / 2 0 1 1 / F M N P 2 0 1 1 G u i d e l i n e s . p d f > .

H e a l t h y C o m m u n i t i e s . E n c y c l o p e d i a o f P u b l i c H e a l t h . E N o t e s , n . d . W e b . 2 0 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / w w w . e n o t e s . c o m / p u b l i c - h e a l t h - e n c y c l o p e d i a / h e a l t h y - c o m m u n i t i e s > .

H I V / S T D P r e v e n t i o n a n d C a r e . P u b l i c H e a l t h i n N o r t h C a r o l i n a . D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h

a n d H u m a n S e r v i c e s , n . d . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / w w w . e p i . s t a t e . n c . u s / e p i / h i v / g r g t . h t m l > .

H o n o r s C o u r s e s f o r H e a l t h f u l L i v i n g E d u c a t i o n C o u r s e s . N o r t h C a r o l i n a A l l i a n c e f o r

H e a l t h . N o r t h C a r o l i n a A l l i a n c e f o r H e a l t h , n . d . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 . < h t t p : / / w w w . n c a l l i a n c e f o r h e a l t h . o r g / M e d i a / O b e s i t y / P E / T a l k i n g % 2 0 P o i n t s % 2 0 H o n o r s % 2

0 C o u r s e % 2 0 H B % 2 0 9 0 1 % 2 0 F I N A L % 2 0 6 - 1 0 . p d f > .

L o u i s i a n a P u b l i c H e a l t h N u r s e s P u b l i c H e a l t h . D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h a n d H o s p i t a l s ,

n . d . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 . < h t t p : / / w w w . d h h . s t a t e . l a . u s / o f f i c e s / p u b l i c a t i o n s / p u b s -

2 2 2 / P u b l i c % 2 0 H e a l t h % 2 0 N u r s i n g % 2 0 B r o c h u r e . p d f >

N P H W . 2 0 1 1 P a r t n e r T o o l k i t . A m e r i c a n P u b l i c H e a l t h A s s o c i a t i o n , n . d . W e b . 1 8 J u l

2 0 1 1 . < h t t p : / / w w w . n p h w . o r g / n p h w 1 1 / p d f / 2 0 1 1 N P H W _ t o o l k i t . p d f > .

P a u l , J o s h u a . T h e C h i c k e n o r t h e E g g M o d e l f o r O n l i n e C o m m u n i t y S u c c e s s . S o c i o u s

M e m b e r E n g a g e m e n t B l o g . 0 1 / 0 7 / 2 0 1 1 . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / i n f o . s o c i o u s . c o m / b i d / 3 3 7 0 1 / T h e - C h i c k e n - o r - t h e - E g g - M o d e l - f o r - O n l i n e -

C o m m u n i t y - S u c c e s s ? u t m _ c a m p a i g n = E m a i l M a r k e t i n g _ M o s t + P o p u l a r + S o c i o u s + P o s t s + -

+ J u n e _ 2 0 1 1 0 7 0 6 >

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Citations (Continued)

P u b l i c h e a l t h - d e f i n i t i o n o f p u b l i c h e a l t h i n t h e M e d i c a l d i c t i o n a r y . T h e F r e e

D i c t i o n a r y . M e d i c a l D i c t i o n a r y , n . d . W e b . 1 7 J u l 2 0 1 1 . < h t t p : / / m e d i c a l -

d i c t i o n a r y . t h e f r e e d i c t i o n a r y . c o m / p u b l i c + h e a l t h > .

S o c i a l M e d i a - S o c i a l M e d i a D e f i n i t i o n . A b o u t . c o m . N . p . , n . d . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / j o b s e a r c h . a b o u t . c o m / o d / n e t w o r k i n g / g / s o c i a l m e d i a . h t m > .

S n o w C h o l e r a M a p . N C G I A . W e b . 2 2 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

< h t t p : / / w w w . n c g i a . u c s b . e d u / p u b s / s n o w / s n o w . h t m l >

T o b a c c o - U s e P r e v e n t i o n . N o r t h C a r o l i n a A l l i a n c e f o r H e a l t h . N o r t h C a r o l i n a

A l l i a n c e f o r H e a l t h , n . d . W e b . 1 8 J u l 2 0 1 1 .

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