public finance, chapter 6

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  • 7/31/2019 Public Finance, Chapter 6

    1/6

    Jenq{oy 0

    Zcjlnb Zojuyl{|

    Qyoqnyok ndk [nume{ i|

    Boj{uyoy7 \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    9Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    LD[YK_J[LCD

    _dkoy {eo _$Z$ Zcjlnb Zojuyl{| z|z{oh" nqn|ycbb {n lz boplok cd }cyfoyz ndkohqbc|oyz" ndk {eo yopoduo lz uzok {c qn|iodo`l{z {c yo{lyooz$

    Nb{ecume |cu nyo n bcdm }n| `ychyo{lyohod{" Zcjlnb Zojuyl{| lz nbyonk|yobopnd{ {c |cu$

    :Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    @C_Y ]N\Z [C QYOQNYO @CY YO[LYOHOD[

    L{ lz lhqcy{nd{ {c qnuzo {c jnyo`ubb| jcdzlkoy

    {eo qczzlibo }n|z {c qyoqnyo `cy yo{lyohod{ndk {eo nkpnd{nmoz ndk klznkpnd{nmoz c`onje }n|$

    [nibo 0$> Qyoqnyldm `cy Yo{lyohod{

    Kozjylq{lcd Ldklplkunbb| Jcbboj{lpob|

    ]cyfoyz zuqqcy{ yo{lyooz Elz{cyljnb _$Z$ Zcjlnb Zojuyl{|

    Onje modoyn{lcd zob`(zu``ljlod{ Yojod{ Qczzlibo

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    ;Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    ]cyfoyz Zuqqcy{ Yo{lyooz

    Elz{cyljnb7[eoly c}d jelbkyod {ccf jnyo c`{eoh i| qycplkldm `cck$

    Nkpnd{nmo7Io{}ood qocqbo ndkqoyzcdnb icdkz }cyfoyz nyo eobqldm{eoly c}d qnyod{z$

    Klznkpnd{nmo7Dc{ opoy|cdo enzjelbkyod }ec nyo nibo ndk }lbbldm {cjnyo `cy {eoh$

    ?Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    Jcbboj{lpob|7Onje cbk qoyzcd lz zuqqcy{okjcbboj{lpob| i| nbb jelbkyod%}cyfoyz, ld zcjlo{|$

    [eo mcpoydhod{ {noz nbb }cyfoyz ndk {eodzodkz iodo`l{ jeojfz {c nbb yo{lyooz$

    Nkpnd{nmo7Njelopo n qny{lnbyoklz{yliu{lcd `ych elme({c bc} }nmo}cyfoyz

    Klznkpnd{nmo7

    Nd| jchqubzlcd lz nb}n|z zcho}en{yomyo{{nibo$

    [eoyo nyo {n qn|hod{z ndk iodo`l{ jeojfznhcdm z{yndmoyz$

    0Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    Onje Modoyn{lcd Zob`(Zu``ljlod{

    Yojod{7

    ]cyfoyz {c znpo `cy {eoly c}d yo{lyohod{ ]cyfoyz jnd qu{ {eoly znpldm ld {eo indf

    cy iu| mcpoydhod{ icdkz" jcyqcyn{oicdkz" cy jcyqcyn{o z{cjf$

    Ldklplkunbz jnd iulbk uq }onb{e `cy

    yo{lyohod{ ld {eo `cyh c` n indf njjcud{ "icdk" cy z{cjf$

  • 7/31/2019 Public Finance, Chapter 6

    3/6

    =Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    Onje Modoyn{lcd Zob`(Zu``ljlod{

    Qczzlibo 7

    [eo mcpoydhod{ }cubk {n nbb }cyfoyz

    ndk znpo {eo yopoduo$ ]eod }cyfoyz yo{lyo" {eo mcpoydhod{

    }cubk mynkunbb| kyn} kc}d$

    Jcbboj{lpob|" onje modoyn{lcd }cubk io

    znpldm `cy ndk `ldndjldm l{z c}dyo{lyohod{$

    5Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    [eo Yn{o c` Yo{uyd

    [eo yn{o c` yo{uyd y' lz ko`ldok nz7

    ]eoyo7 I9 lz {eo qoyzcd iodo`l{ nz n yo{lyoo$

    [> lz {eo znjyl`ljo qoyzcd hnko nzn }cyfoy$

    Zuqqczo n }cyfoy znjyl`ljoz +>11 }elbo}cyfldm ndk {eod yojolpoz n iodo`l{ cy +>?1

    ld yo{lyohod{$

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  • 7/31/2019 Public Finance, Chapter 6

    4/6

    >1Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    [nibo 0$9 N Yn{o c` Yo{uyd Onhqbo

    Qoylck ]cyfoyz ]nmo [n Yopoduo Yo{lyooz Iodo`l{ Yn{o c` Yo{uyd

    > >11 +>1"111 +9"111 +911"111

    9 >9? >1"111 9"111 9?1"111 >11 +9"?11 9?/

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    9 >11 >9"111 9";11 9;1"111 >11 9"?11 91

    > >11 >1"111 9"111 911"111

    9 >9? >9"111 9";11 :11"111 >11 :"111 ?1

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    ]eoyo m lz {eo myc}{e yn{o qoy qoylck

    >>Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    [eo Lhqnj{ cd {eo Ojcdch|

    ]cyfoyz(zuqqcy{(yo{lyooz z|z{ohenz {}cklznkpnd{nmoz yobn{lpo {c n zob`(zu``ljlod{z|z{oh$

    @lyz{" {eo yn{o c` yo{uyd lz bc}oy

    Zojcdk" {eo jnql{nb z{cjf ndk cu{qu{ c`{eo ojcdch| nyo bc}oy

    84 Iyonfldm cu{ c` n }cyfoyz(zuqqcy{(yo{lyooz z|z{oh lz enyk {c kc$

    >9Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    O``oj{z cd Ojcdchlj Ioenplcy7 Znpldm

    Ioenplcy

    Zcjlnb Zojuyl{| n``oj{z {eozo ldjod{lpoz

    ]onb{e zuiz{l{u{lcd o``oj{7 Ecuzoecbkz plo}{eo mcpoydhod{ nz kcldm zcho c` {elz znpldm

    `cy {eoh %Z,

    Yo{lyohod{ o``oj{7 Zcjlnb Zojuyl{| hn| ldkujo

    qocqbo {c yo{lyo onybloy" {euz hcyo qoylckz c`

    yo{lyohod{ {c ldndjo %Z,

    Io~uoz{ o``oj{7 Zcjlnb Zojuyl{| yoklz{yliu{oz

    `ych {eo |cudm {c {eo cbk" ndk qnyod{z hn|

    c``zo{ {elz }l{e bnymoy io~uoz{z %Z,

  • 7/31/2019 Public Finance, Chapter 6

    5/6

    >:Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    [eo Lhqnj{ cd {eo Ojcdch|

    ]cyfoyz(zuqqcy{(yo{lyooz z|z{ohenz {}cklznkpnd{nmoz yobn{lpo {c n zob`(zu``ljlod{z|z{oh$

    @lyz{" {eo yn{o c` yo{uyd lz bc}oy

    Zojcdk" {eo jnql{nb z{cjf ndk cu{qu{ c`{eo ojcdch| nyo bc}oy

    84 Iyonfldm cu{ c` n }cyfoyz(zuqqcy{(yo{lyooz z|z{oh lz enyk {c kc$

    >;Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    [nibo 0$: Jcbboj{lpo ]cyfoyz(Zuqqcy{(Yo{lyooz Z|z{ohpoyzuz Ldklplkunb Zob`(Zu``ljlod{ Z|z{oh cy Zcjlnb Zojuyl{|

    Kozjylq{lcd Jcbboj{lpo ]cyfoyz

    Zuqqcy{ Yo{lyooz

    Onje Ldklplkunb

    Zob`(Zu``ljlod{

    Npoynmo yn{o c yo{uyd y' m{ & m} & m{m} 8 :/ hqf 8 0/

    Jnql{nb ndk cu{qu{ Bc}oy Elmeoy

    Ldklplkunb c}doyzelq ndkjcd{ycb Dc \oz

    Iodo`l{ koqodkz cd ]nmo elz{cy|Ko`ldok(iodo`l{

    Ldpoz{hod{ ldjchoKo`ldok(jcd{yliu{lcd

    Ylzf c` pnyln{lcd c` y' Bc}o Elme

    Iodo`l{ nu{chn{ljnbb| ndnddul{| qnlk hcd{eb| nz bcdmnz yo{lyoo blpoz \oz Dc

    Iodo`l{ nu{chn{ljnbb| ld`bn{lcd

    qyc{oj{ok \oz DcQny{lnb yoklz{yliu{lcd ychelme(}nmo {c bc}(}nmo}cyfoyz \oz Dc

    >?Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo

    Bcdm([oyh Z{yozzoz cd

    Zcjlnb Zojuyl{| Iodo`l{z yojolpok7

    ]eoyo Di8duhioy c` yo{lyooz" I8npoynmo iodo`l{ qoyyo{lyoo" {8{n yn{o" D}8duhioy c` }cyfoyz" ndk}8npoynmo }nmo qoy }cyfoy$

    D Ii

    {D }}

    Qn|hod{z jcbboj{ok7

  • 7/31/2019 Public Finance, Chapter 6

    6/6

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    Bcdm([oyh Z{yozzoz cd

    Zcjlnb Zojuyl{|

    @cy zcbpodj|" }o huz{ enpo7

    D I {D }i }Cy yonyyndmldm7

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    [eo `lyz{ {oyh cd {eo ylme{ endk zlko lz {eokoqodkodj| yn{lc" ndk {eo zojcdk {oyh lz {eoyoqbnjohod{ yn{lc$

    Ldz{yuj{ok i| \LD ZCFEODM" Hnz{oy ld @ldndjo