-his paper is preparad for staffuse and is not for publication.The views expressed are those ofthe author and not necessarilythose of the Bank.

INTERNATIOAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION

.velopment Economics Staff Working Paper No. 189

September 1974

STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPENTA CRITIQUE OF THE BASIC DATA

A critical evaluation and compilation of some basic data neededfor constructing statistical indicators of industrial development arepresented in this paper. The data on manufacturing output, value added,employment, wages, industrial labor force, and manufactured and semi-manufactured exports at the aggregated sector level; on GNP, population,geographical area, and total merchandise trade; and on human resources:skills, education, and nutrition are compiled for about 100 countries.The data on value added at sub-sector level, on manufactured and semi-manufactured imports, on various measures of import substitution andon demand-sources of industrial growth are presented only for selectedcountries. Some ratios for 1971 and growth rates for 1960-1972 arecalculated.

The data on manufacturing value added, manufactured exportsand imports, and merchandise exports, assembled from various sourcesare evaluated. Several points emerge: four definitions of manufacturedexports, frequently used interchangeably, lead to very different resultswith regard to absolute levels, growth rates, or ratios of manufactured.exports to merchandise exports. The differences are so large that veryoften no meaningful conclusions can be drawn. The absolute levels andgrowth rates of manufacturing production also differ consiaerably. Acareful evaluxation of the basic data and standardization of the defini-tions are thus essential.

Prepared by Vinod PrakashAssisted by: Samuel Akinsete, Naimeh Hadjitarkhani, and A.P.N. PoduvalEconomics of Industury DivisionDevelopnent Economics DepartmentDevelopment Policy Staff

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TALEE OF CONTENTS?age

Li st of TablesList of Statements

Summ.ary and Conclusions i

I. Introduction 1

II. Development Indicators 1

III. Indicators of Industrial Development 3

A. Industrial Production: 3

Value Added, Employment, Wages,

Gross Output, Product-mix

B, Trade in Industrial Produc ts: 6

Manufactures, Semi-manufactures,Direction of Trade, Concentrat.ion or

Diversification of Exports

C. General: 8

Per Capita Income and Population, Area

and Population Density, Human Capital

and Technology

IV. Coverage and Scope of the Data Compiled 9

General Industrial Data, Industrial Structure

D1Xta, Trade Data, Data on Import Substitution,

Data on Demand-Sources of Industrial Growth

V. Limitations of Data 13

A. General Industrial Statistics 13

List of Developing Countries, Industrial

Coverage, Size of Employment, Strategic

Considerations, Value Added, Industrial

Classification, Reference Period, Non-

response, Revision of Data

B. Data on Trade Manufactures 15

Trade Classifications, Definition of Trade

in Manufactures, Valuation of Output and Trade

VI. Comparability in Data: Alternative Sources or Measures 19

Comparability of Industrial Data, Comparability

in Manufactured Exports Data, Comparability in

Merchandise Exports Data, Comparability in the

Ratio of Manufactured Exports to Merchandise

Exports, Comparability in Measures of Import Sub-

stitutioni, Import Elasticity, and Demand-Sources

of Industria:L Growth

Selected Bibliography 119

List of Tables

Page1. General Characteristics of Industrial Development:

Absolute and Per Capita Levels, 1971 29

2. General Characteristics of Industrial Development:Ratios, 1971 and Growth Rates, 1960-1971 32

3. General Characteristics of Human Resources:Skilla, Education and Nutrition 34

4. Availability of Industrial Data from Manufacturers'Censuses/Surveys, 1953-1970 37

5. Gross Value Added in Manufacturing in Selected Countries,1953, 1958, 1960 and 1963-1971 39

6. Industrial Production Index for 1960-1971 and GrossValue Added in Manufacturing in Base Year (1963 - 100) 40

7. Conversion Factors and Exchange Rates, 1960, 19965, 1970and 1971 42

8. Manufactured Exports as Percent of Merchandise Exports,1960 and 1965-1972 44

9. Semi-manufactured Exports as Percent of MerchandiseExports, 1960 and 1965-1972 46

10. Manufacture.d and Semi-manufactured Exports as Percent ofbrchandise Zxports, 1.960 and 1965-1972 48

11. Vallue and Growth Rates of Manufactured Exports, 1960,1965 and 1970-1972 50

12. Manufactured Inports in Selected Countries According toVarious Definitions, 1960 and 1971 52

13. Manufactured Iinports in Selected Countries According toVarious Definitions: as Percent of Merchandise Imports, 1960and 1971 53

14. Manufactured Imports in Selected Countries According toVarious Definitions as Percent of those under Definition"Total A", 1960 and 1971 54

15. Average Annual Growth Rates (%) of Manufactured Imports inSelected,LCountries According to Various Definitions, 551 960-1 971.

16 A. Indicators of Lmport Substitution in Selected Countries,1963-1971 56

16B. Demand-Sources of Induszrial Growth in SelectedCountries, 1963-19 71, . 57

17. Nature of Industrial Classification used by Se).ectedCountries, 1953, 1958, 1960, and 1963-1971 58

18. Comparison of Manufacturing Gross 'Value Added and-Industrial Production Index in Selected Countries, 1971- 59

19. Value of Manufactured Exports According to Variou.sDefinitions, 1965 and 1971 60

20. Manufactured Exports According to Various Definitions: AsPercent of those under Definition "Total All and GrowithRates, 1965 and 1971 62

21. Manufactured Eiports According to Various Definitions asPercen,t of Merchandise Exports, 1965 and 1971 64

22. Comparison of ilerchandise Exports as Reported in VariousDocuments (Illustration from Latin America and theCaribbean, 1965 axLd 1969) 66

23. Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors, 1953, 1958,1960,. and 1963-1971 for Selected Countries by YMajor Groupsof ISIC (Rev. 1 and Rev. 2). 67Tables 23.1 to 23.26: ;l Argentina, .2 Brazil, .3 Chile,.4i China, Republic of, .5 Colombia, .6 Costa Rica, .7 Ireece3.8 India, .9 Iran, .10 Israel, .11 Ivory Coast, .12 Japan,.13 Kenya, .14 Korea, Republic.ofs .15 Malaysia, Wast,.16 Mexico, .17 Pakistan, .18 Peru, .19 Philippines,.20 Singapore, .21 Spains .22 Thailand, .23 Tunisia,.24 Turkey, .25 Venezuela, .26 Yugoslavia.

List of Statements

I. Definitions of Manufactured, Semi-manufactured, andPrimary Products. 93

II. List of SITC (Rev.) Codes representing Manufactured, Semi-manufactured, and Primary Products. 98

III. Comparison of Major Groups of ISIC (Rev. 2) with ISIC (Rev.1). 99

IV. Classification of Countries by Employment Coverage in GeneralIndustrial Statistics. 101

V. Grouping of Countries by Type of Industrial Classificationused in General Industrial Statistics. 102

VI. Country Notes for iManufactured and Semi-manufactured Export Data. 103

VII. Illustrative List of Manufactuired Products not covered inthe Definition "Total Bt'. 118

Summaar and Conclusions

1. Chenery's pioneering study cn the patterns of industr-ial growthformed a basis for many studies using multiple regression methods.Recently Balassa and Hughes presented several statistical indicatorsof industrial development. A critical evaluation and compilation ofbasic data needed for constructing such indicators are presented intkis paper. A fo-mal analysis to construct the inrdicators will followin a later paper.

2. Most indicators represernt sore aspects of manufacturing productionor trade in Imanufactures, but some relate to the general economy. Someindicators may be in terms of absolute level, growth rate, or a ratio;others may be relative shares for measuring the joint inter-temporal andcross-sectional changes or elasticities. The basic data assembled onthese indicators include the data on manufacturing output, value added,employment, wages, industrial labor force, and manufactured and semi-manufactured exports for about 100 countries. The general macroeconomicdata relating to GNP, population, labor force, geographical area, andtotal merchandise trade are also compiled, together with the data Onhuman resources such as per capita calorie consumption, school enrollment,occupational distribution of labor force, and stock of scientists,engineers and technicians. The data on value added at sub-sector level,on manufactured and semi-manufactured imports, on various measures ofimport substitution and on demand-sources of industrial growth are alsoprocessed for selected countries. The period covered, however, is notuniform. Usually the 1960-1972 period is covered, but many indicatorsrelate to 1971 or some other year.

3. This paper discusses the quality and limitations of the relevantdata at some length as a basis for future econometric analysis. Thelimitations of industrial data arise from a variety of reasons includingdifferences in the concepts and definitions used in the coverage byindustry, employment size, geographical area or ownership, in thereference unit, in the financial period, and so on. The errors in datamay be sampling or observational arnd sometimes both, and may arise framadmiinistrative procedures, time-lags, or the valuation system. The datamay also be biased because of inadvertent misclassification, deliberatemisspecification, or under/over-reporting due to financial or politicalconsiderations. Other limitations discussed in this paper relate tothe complications arising from the lack of a standard list of developingcountries, incompatibility between industrial census/survey and nationalincome accounts data, a changing nature of non-response, partialcoverage because of strategic or other considerations, use of varioustrade classifications, and use of differing definitions of trade inmanufactures.

4. This paper compares absolute levels and growth rates ofmanufacturing value added., manufactured exports and imports, andmerahandise exports assembled from various sources. Several pointsemerge from this evaluation:

(i) The manufacturing production. and merchandise exports dataare far less reliable than is usually taken for granted.

(ii) The four or five definitions of manufactured (or industrial)exports often used interchangeably,. lead to very differdatresults 'with regard to absolute levels, growth rates, orratios of manufactured exports to merchandise exports. Thedifferences are so large that very often no meaningful can bedrawn. For instance:

(a) According to various definitions the absolute levels ofmanufactured exports in 1970/1971 can be $1 or 980 millionfor Zambia, $4 or 560 million for Zaire, $h5 or 940 millionfor Venezuela, $50 or 1,030 million for Chile, $16 or 93million for Tndonesia, $135 or 445 million for Iran, $150or 5h0 million for Malaysia, and $9.1 or 12. 6 billion forCanada.

(b) Similarly., according to various definitions, the annuaJlgrowth rates of manufactured exports for 1965-1971 vary

so much that for at least 16 developing countries (includingCongo, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Sudan) even the directionof change cannot be ascertained, and for the same numberof countries (such as Ethiopia, Ghana, Uraguay, and Turkey)the anniial growth rates differ by more than 25 p-erentagepoints.

(c) Finally, the ratios of manufactured e#ports to merchandiseaxports differ by more than 60 percentage points for Zambia,Chile, Trinidad and Tobago, Zaire, and Sierra Leone; forten other developing countries these ratios differ by morethan 20 percentage points.

(iii) Although, the alternativa definitions of industrial importslbad to far fewer problems, the alternative measures of importsubstitution, import elasticity, and demand-sources ofindustrial growth, which are conceptually different butoften interchangeably used, lead to very different results.For instance, when 1965 and 1971 years are considered forSingapore, the extent of import substitution varies fromminus 4% to plus 54% and, the elasticity of manufactured importsto supply of manufactures varies from 0.68 to 0.92 accordingto the various measures. Similarly, the demand-sources of

industrial growth vary considerably: domestic demand(77%.to 113%), export demand (minus 56% to plus 10%), andimport substitution (12% to 42%).

(iv) The absolute levels and growth rates of manufacturingproduction also differ considerably according to thesources of data. The manufacturing value added innational income accounts should not be less than thatin manufacturing censuses/surveys. The data for thelatest available year (which may be 1969, 1970 or 1971)show that this rule is violated in many instances, withnational income figures the following proportions of census/survey data: Brazil (73%), Columbia (86%), Israel (86%),Japan (66%), Tunisia (78%), and Turkey (57%). Similarly,the annual growth rates of real gross value added in man-ufacturing for 1963-1970/1971 may differ considerably:Chile (2.8% or 4.4% forl96 3-1970), Guatemala (4.0% or 7.4%for 1960-1971 ), Panama (10% or 13% for 1960-1971), Spain(8% or 10% for 1963-1971), Tunisia (near zero or 6% for1965-1971), and Turkey (9% or 11` for 1963-1970).

(v) Standardization of the definition of trade In manufacturesis thus essential.

(v.i) Indlustry and trade data baiks should facilitate an in-depth evaluation of the basic data, which would improvethe quality of the data base used in econometric and iotherquantitative studies.

1. This paper provides a critique of basic data needed to constructa series of statistical indicators of industrial development. kenconstructed, the indicators will be helpful to economists interestedin the comparative analysis of industrial development. The industrialstatistics compil5 and critically evaluatled here are not fully systematicor comprehensive,- though uniform standards have been followed as far aspossible. With the advancement oL stst.stical methods and computer facilities,there is a tendency to believe that def,:;.encies in data can be covered by"sophisticated" statistical analysis. This may be a mistakea view. Statisticalmethods can reveal what may not be obvious in a mass of data, but cannotcreate new information. ,2/

*II. Deveopment Indicators

2. The measurement of soc-oeconomic development is no less elusive thanthe concept of socioeconomic development. The complexities of the problemin a quantitative analysis, howeNer, have not deterred the commendable effortsmade by several scholars i/ and international organizations. The pioneeringstudies of the UiN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) led tothe establishment of the data bank for a large number of social and economicindicators. vi The Institute studied the inter-relationships among theindicators by the "correspondence" system. 5/ The UN ACC DD-2 Sub-Committeeon Development Indicators proposed a list of more than 100 indicators for developingcountries, including about 20 for industry and trade. 6/. Re6ently Chenery andSyrquin have provided a set of measures of development processes and have tried

1/ The compilation is largely a by-product of our previous activities such as,industry and trade data bank, preparation of Annex 1: Some Indicators ofindustrial Development, Industry Sector Working Paper. World Bank 0perationssSectoral Pro&rams and Policies, John Hokins University, Baltimore: 1972.

2/ C. R. Rao: Welcome and Introductory Remarks in C. R. Rao (ed.) Data Base ofIndian Econoay, Vol. 1 (Statistical Piblishing Society, Calcutta 2 ,pp. 3-6.

3/ See, for example, Simon Kuznets' celebrated series of ten papers, "QuantitativeAspects of the Economic Growth of Nations", published in Economic Develomentand Cultural Change (1956 to 1.967).

4/ UNRISD: Contents and Measurement of Socioeconomic Development (Praeger,New York, 1972). This study contains many references to earlier studies.

5/ NRISD: Methods of Estimation and Prediction in Socioeconomic Development-(Geneva, 1973)3.

6/ ECOSOC: A System of Overall Review and Appraisal of the Objectives andPolicies of the International Development Strategy (Report of the Secretary-General, E/50409 New York, May 1971).

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to replace the notion of dichotomy between developing and developed economieswith the concept of a transition from one state to the other. I/ This is inline with the Kuznets' concept of a continuum in contrast to Rostowian "stages".

3. In contradistinction to the above mentioned studies measuring "development"in its entirety -- either within an analytical framework or just empirically,considerable work has also been done on relatively narrowly defined measures ofthe levels or patterns of industrial development. Hollis Chenery's pioneeringstudy on the patterns of industrial growth 2/ formed a basis for many studiesusing multiple regression techniques. )/ In the course of explaining developmentpatterns, Chenery and Taylor studied the growth patterns of manufacturingsub-sectors. L/ Their study combined cross-couAtry and time-series data forabout 50 countries for 1950-1963. More recently Banerji and Donges haveapplied a multiple regression analysis to the cross-sectional data for 70countries for 1960 to 1968 to study a change in the share of manufactured exportsin total merchandise exports. I/ Balassa and Hughes presented 29 statisticalseries relating to a large number of countries, and discussed the 'Methodologyand its principal pitfalls at a general level. 6/

1/ Hollis B. Chenery and Moises Syrquin: Patterns of Develop=ent, 1950-1970(Oxford University Press, forthcoming).

2/ Hollis B. Chenery; "Patterns of Industrial Growth", (American Economic ReviewSeptember 1960, pp. 624-54i).

,/ One of the earliest studies was the United Nations' cross-sectional studyof 142 to 53 countries for 1953 and 1958. -See UN: A Study of IndustrialGrowth (New York, 1963).

14/ Hollis Chenery and Lance Taylor: "Development Patterns: Among Countriesand Over Time" (Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1968, pp.391-416).

5/ The study shows that the share of manufactured exports to merchandise exportsincreased, pi passu, with per capita GDP and share of value added inmanufacturing in GDP. But this pattern was not observed when the analysiswas confined to developing economies only. See R. Banerji and J.B. Donges,Economic Development and the Patterns of Maxufactured &xport;s (KielerDisIcucssionbeitrage No. 16, Institut fur Weltwirtschaft, Kiel, January 1972).6/ Usually the data referred to the absolute levels in 1953, 1960 and 1966,and to the corresponding growth rates. To circumvent the problems resultingfrom inflation and non-traded goods, they included the ratio of manufacturedexports to total exports, the ratio of value added in manufacturing tomanufactured output, the ratio of value added in manufacturing to valueadded in commodity production and so on. See Bela Balassa and Helen Hughes,Statistical Indicators of Levels of Industrial Development (IBRD StaffWorking Paper No. 452, May 1969).

III. Indicators of Industrial Development

4. In approaching the choice of indicators, one has to define first

"industrial development" and then identify the factors which may be

considered most suitable to contribute toward it. One can think of a

great many indicators ranging from per capita in&lome to the state of

technology, human health or housing condition. Since we are developi

statistical indicators, indicators which cannot be quantified are not

considered here. Thus, the choice has to be made between the indicators

which can be expressed numerically. Further, since this paper focuses on

the quality and scope of the available data, the selection of indicators

was naturally dictated by the data availability. The problems of inter-

national comparability, inadequate cross-country coverage, and short time

series were major concerns behind the selection process. Finally, the

growth effects of different indicators are not at all uniform because of

several reasons. For instance, time-lags vary considerably by country,

by indicator and they may also change overtime. Very often a proxy variable

is used to represent an indicator because the latter cnnot be measured

directly and accurately. Many indicators, particularly relating to human

capital and technology, are at best only imperfect indicators of phenomena

they purport to represent. One may legitimately raise the question whether

the indicators which are subject to so many limitations are likely to yield

expected results.

A. Industrial Production

5. Most indicators of industrial development represent some aspects of

manufacturing production or trade in manufactures, but some industrial indicators

relate to the general economy. Some indicators may be in terms of absolute

levels (which must be presented in a single currency,for instance, in US$,

to facilitate cross-country comparisons), some in the form of a growth rate, some

in a ratio representing a sectoral or structural change; others may be relative

shares for measuring the joint inter-temporal and cross-sectional changes, or

elasticities which are independent of scale and unit of measurement. Reviewing

the variety of indicators from a different angle, some may be directly related

to the demand for manufactures, others may be directly related to the suppl;y side.

1/ The term "industry" is meant to cover only manufacturing activity, as

defined by the ISIC (Rev. 2) Major Division 3. It does not include

economic activities such as mining, construction, hotels, restaurants,

electricity, gas or water. See UN, International Standard Industrial

Classification of All Zconomic Activities (Statistical Papers, Series M,

No. U, Rev. 2, 1968, pp. 28-29).

4 -

Moreover, variables like the "per ca pita income" are related to both thepotential supply of and demand for manufactured products. Since hypothesesare not tested in this paper, the significance of various indicators willbe discussed without categorization. A consideration of econometric problemsor the dilemmas arising from cause and effect relationships, will also bebypassed for the time being. Finally, the discussion will be confined tothose indicators for which reasonablJy comparable and comprehensive dateare available.

6. Value Added in Manufacturing: Value added is gross of depreciation,but may be at market price or factor cost. Several variants of value addedin manufacturing can be used as indicaitors of industrial development. Theabsolute level represents the total net size of manufacturing output. Theper capita level of value added in manufacturing may be used to represent thelevel of industrial develo10ent, similar to the way in which per capita incomterepresents the level of economic development. Value added per person engageain manufacturing conventionally represents labor productivity, and similarlyratio of value added to capital stock in manufacturing may represent capitalproductivity. 1/ The inter-sectoral, inter-temporal or internationalcomparisons of these productivities are subject to numerous limitations includingthose arising fran trade restrictions, protection, controls, use of officialexchange rates, and so on. 2/ Improvements in both these productivities, asrepresented by the growth in them, may be a major objective in economic deve-lopment. The ratio of value added in manufacturing to GDP., GNP, NDP or NNPis the converitional measure of industrialization. Following Balassa and Hughesthis paper also considers the ratio of value added in manufacturing to valueadded in commodity production as an indicator of industrialization. 2/7. Employnient in Manufacturing: Absorption of an increasing pr6porTiorof the work force in modern-type activities is an important goal of economicdevelopment. A comparison -- international or inter-temporal -- of the proportvicnof work force engaged in manufacturing industry, particularly in modern,factory-type operations, or the growth of employment in manufacturing mayindicate the employment potential of the industrial sector. An interseczoralcomparison of the ratio and growth rate of manufacturing employment will showthe comparative performance of manufacturing activity in this respect.

1/ In general, data on productivity are meagre, especially on capital productivity.The data on factor-proportions, representing capital-labor intensities, areeven more scarce.

2/ Balassa and Associates. Structure of Protection in Developing CountriesJohns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1971; Little, Scitovslk and Scott: Industayand Trade in Some Developing Countries Oxford: University ;Press, London, 1970.

3/ "Commodity production" is deSined as the sum of agriculture, animal husbandry,forestry and fishing; manufacturing; mining and quarrying; and electricity,gas and water. See Balassa and Hkaghes, op cit

8. Wages in Manufacturing: The decomposition of value added inmanufacturxing by factor incomes would reveal the compensation of therespective factor inputs. However, data are usually available for thewage component only. The comparisons of the ratio of wages of valueadded in manufacturing, as well as the wage rate per person employedare useful in many ways. For instance, when the value added to outputratio is the same in two sectors or countries, the effective protectionresulting from the same level of nominal protection, cet. par., is thesame. But, if the wage components of the value added differ substantially,the implications of the same level of effective or nominal protectionfor employment and income distribution may be veryr different.

9. Gross Output of Majiufacturin: At least two purposes are servedby the data on gross output of manufacturing. First, the supply of manu-factures can be estimated by subtracting exports and adding imports ofmanufactures. The estimate will be subject to two major qualifications,because of the nonavailability of data on changes in the finished productsinventory, and because of the incomparability arising from evaluation problem --

free-on-board (f.o.b.) vs. factor cost (f.c.) or market price (m.p.).Second, the ratio of value added to gross output in manufacturing can beused to derive effective protection if nominal protection is known.

10. Product-mix of Manufactures: All the above indicators relate tothe aggregate manufacturing sector, which is obviously non-homogenous, andchanges in its composition naturally reflect a variety of phenomena. Forinstance, a movement from traditional -- technologically simple, resource-based or domestic market oriented -- to nontraditional industries-involvingsophisticated technology and developing international competitiveness--will reveal a maturity in industrialization and consequent advancement ineconomic growth. To show up such changes manufacturing activity may alsobe divided by "early, middle, and late industries"2/, by durability ofproducts, by end use of products, and by origin of supply of material inputs.2/Possibilities of using the UN's Broad Economic Classification can also beexplored. 3/

1/ Chenery and Taylor, 2o.p cit., pp. 409 and 412.

2/ Vinod Prakash, Industrialization and Manufacturers' Inventories in India(IBRD Staff Working Paper No. 147, March 1973).

./ UN: Classification b Broad Economic Categories, (Statistical PapersSeries M No. 53, New York, 1971).

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B Trade in Industrial Products

11. There is no standard definition of "trade in manufacturers". Twobasic definitions have been devised by UNCTAD -- Total A. and Total B./Total A requires the identification of at least 45 SITC (Rev.) codes,usually varying from 1 to 4 digits. Total B requires the identificationof additional 13 SITC codes, mostly of 3 and 4 digits. The latter itemsbasically constitute two product groups -- "petroleum and related products"and "unworked non-ferrous (except aluiinum) metals" *2/

12. The adoption of the above definitions involves considerable statisticalwork, and the deflation of the 58 current value series is not possible becauseprice indices are not available. The UN2,/ and UNqTAD 4_ have therefore devisedshort definitions of manufacturers -- SITC (Rev.) codes 5 to 8, and SITC (Rev.)codes 5 to 8 minus code 68. As shown later, these short-cut definitions arenot suitable for representing the level of manufactured exports or changesthErein. Short-cut definitions are not amenable to the matching of productionand trade at industry or sub-sector level. Moreover, with the increasingrole of multinational firms in manufactured exports, and consequent special-ization and international sub-contracting,5/ the need for a more detailedtrade classification has become more urgent than ever before.

I/ These definitions, given in Statement I are derived from a note jointlyprepared by the UN Statistical Office and the UNCTAD Secretariat at thesuggestion of the Special Committee on Preferences in May 1965. Thisnote provided the "tentative lists of items included in each category",and suggested further work for a more accurate listing of products. Thissuggestion apparently could not be adhered to while the Totals A and Bdefinitions were being, devised. See UNCTAD, Trade in Manufacturers ofDeveloping Countries 1970 Review, (TD/B/C.2/O2/ev. 1 New York, 1971,pp. 1 and 8); and The Definition of Primar: Commodities, Semi-manufacturersand Manufacturers (TD/B/C.2/3, Geneva, July 1965).

2/ A complete list of all the SITC (Rev.) codes comprising manufacturedproducts (Total A), semi-manufactured products (Total B minus Total A),

sand. primary products (All Merchandise minus Total B) is given in Statement II.

3/ UN. 1967 Supplement to the Statistical Yearbook (New York, 1968, pp. 178and 183); and World Economic Survey, 969-1970 (New York, 1971, p. 141).Also see Monthly Bulletin of Statistics.

14/ UNCTAD, H{andbook of International Trade and Development Statistics (NewYork, 1972, p. 9)

5/ G. S. Helleiner: "Manufactured Exports from Less-Developed Countries andMultinational- Firms" (Economic Journal, March 1973, pp. 21-47).

4 's t , -

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13. Trade in Manufactures: Exports from most developing economies havebeen traditionall;y dominated by primary products. In recent years, however,exports of manufiactured products from these countries have been growing bothin value and volume at a considerably higher rate than before and also ata higher rate than non-fuel primary products. It is now almost universailyrecognized that these countries must diversify their export structure byincreasing and diversifying manufactured (and processed) exports. 1/Hance, a ratio of manufactured exports to merchandise exports and also tomanufacturing output and to GD? can be useful for assessing the results ofoutward-oriented industrial development strategy and of other industrialpolicies. 2/ An international comparison of per capita and total manufacturedexports and of their growth rates can also be useful in evaluating thelevel and expansion of manufactured exports. Similarly, manufactured importsdata are needed to estimate the supply of manufactures and to assess theextent of import substitution. 3/

14. Trade in Semi-manufactures: Some countries may be internationallycompetitive, not because of the acquisition of modern technology, humanskills or scale, but mainly because of their natural resource-base. Productswhose manufacture and export la.rgely depend on natural resources, and whichusually involve minimal processing may be labeled "semi-manufactures". Tradein petroleum and related products (but not petro-chemicals) and unworkednon-ferrous metals (but not aluminum) may be considered separately frommanufactures.

15. Direction of Trade: The data on direction of trade indicate themarkets ad sources of supply of traded goods. These data at the aggregatelevel are available in many documents, but the exponential expansion of volumeof data by products inhibits easy access or manipulation without a formal databaaXk.b/

1/ President's Memorandum to the Executive Directors on Development Poli2Zfor Countries Highly Dependent on Export of Primarr Products (January 2,.1973).

2/ Hollis B. Chenery and Helen Hughes, "Industrialization and Trade Trends:Some issues for the 1970's"in Helen Hughes (ed,) Prospects for Partner-shin, Industrialization and Trade Policies in the 1970's (John Hopkins,Baltimore, 1973).

3/ This assessment, however, is very difficult due to inherent problems intracing the end-use of imports, especially of components, spares, andmaterials, and because of the complexity of trade flows and disaggregatedlevels.

4./ Similarly, terms of trade indicators have not been developed here because,to be meaningful, they require very det,alled quantity and value data whichare not readily available and cannot be. handled manually.

16. Concentration or Diversification of Exports: Heavy reliance on

commodities can be measured by shares of principal export commodities in

merchandise exports. Export diversification, on the other hand, can be

represented, first, by a movement away from traditional exports, and-

second, by the changes in the product-mix of nontraditional exports.

C. General

17. Per Capita Income and PoPulation: The per capita income is important

for determining the level, growth rate, and product-mix of imports as well

as of the commodity producticn of a country. It is conceivable that some

variant of per capita income may also be important in determining the level

and product-mix of exports. In the earlier stages of growth of per capita

income, the demand structure shifts in favor of manufactures, which induces

manufacturing production; not only does the overall share of manufacturing

in the economy rise, but the product-mix tends to shift in favor of

exportables, particularly if the manufacturing activity is not heavily

protected.l/ The demand and supply pattern/potential of two economies with

the same national product will be quite different, if the two countries differ

considerably in population size. If the two components of the domestic

market size -- population and per capita income are considered, it may be

able to identify their respective contribution to trade.

18. Area and Population Density: The population density and geographical

area of a country may represent the per capita and total availability of

natural resources. If the labor/land ratio is the same in two countries,

and both countries are relatively poor in natural resources but relatively

abundant in human resources, the smaller country is more likely to expand

its manufacturing base by adopting outwaard looking policies, namely, exporting

manufactured producta.

19. Human Capital and Technolog': Several studies have shown that human

capital ad modern technology are important determinants of international

comparative advantage, and hence of industrial development and trade flows.

1/ Chenery and Syrquin, a. cit. This is a controversial hypothesis;

many studies have not been conclasive. See G. Basevi, "Domestic

Demand and Ability to Export", (Journal of Political Econom, March/

April 1970, pp. 330-37).

2/ Peter B. Kenan, "Skills, Human Crpital, and Comparative Adivantageff

in W. Lee Hansen (ed.), Education, Income and Human Gapital, Studies

in Income and Wealth, No. 35 (tional Breau om i Research,

New York, 1970, pp. 195-230).

-9 -

Education is of "strategic importance"' to the process of socioeconomicdevelopment. 1/ There is no simple and direct way to measure the stockof human capital or the state of technology of a country. Three indicatorsof human, capital - skilled manpower, educational level, and nutritionallevel are considered here. 2/

(i) The share of administr4tive, executive, managerial,professional) technical and related workers (codesO and 1 of ISCO) in the work force. 2/(ii) The gross enrollment ratios for the first, second andthird levels of education. The ratio for any levelof education is defined ad the total enrollment of allages in that level divided by the popuilation of thespecific age group. v

(iii) The per capita calorie consumption per day.5/Some indicators for scientific and technologicaa activities such as per capitaavailability of scientists, engineers and technicians, or per capita expen-diture on research and development can be used; similarly, the per capitaconsumption of electricity, energy, and steel can be used to indicate levelsof industrial technology and its use.

IV. Coverage and Scope of the Data Compiled20. General Industrial Data: The general industrial data for a countrymay relate to the value of output, value added, wages, employment and tradein manufactures; other merchandise trade, national/domestic product byindustrial origin and end use, population, geographical area, industrial andoccupational distribution of labor force; and per capita levels, ratios, andgrowth rates derived from such data. The data may be at the sector and/or

1/ Pearson Commission, Partners in Development (Praeger, New York, 1969, p. 41).2/ Berg, Scrimshaw, and Call (ed.) Nutrition. -ational Development and Plannig,(I^.I.T. Press, Cambridge, 1972).

I/ 11O: International Standard Classification of Occupations (first edition,1958; revised edition, 1969; Geneva), also IO: Year Book of LaborStatistics, 1973.

V4/ UNESCO: Statistical Yearbook, 1972.j/ Similarly the per capita protein consumption can be considered. UN:Statistical Yearbook, 1972.

- 10 -

sub-sector level. This paper focuses on aggregate manufacturing activity.Besides the data which have been compiled on industrial production andtrade, some data are also assembled to indicate the scientific and tech-nological advancement, state of education, and nutrition levels of thepeople.

21. General industrial statistics for 126 countries are presented inthree tables. Table 1 contains the absolute levels and/or per capitaaggregates for 1971, such as the value added, gross output, employment,labor productivity and wage rate in manufacturing; manufactured and merchan-dise exports; GNP, population, geographical area, and population density.Table 2 contains ratios for 1971 and growth rates for 1960-1971. Theratios are: gross value added. in manufacturing to GxDP, to gross valueadded in commodity production, and to gross manufacturing output; manufacturedexports to manufacturing gross output, and to GNP. The growth rates areshown for GNP per capita, population, manufactured and merchandise exports,and four variants of manufacturing value added.l/ In Table i generalcharacteristics of human resources, such as labor force in manufacturing,occupational pattern of labor force, school enrollment, and number ofscientists, engineers and technicians, and per capita calorie consumptionper day, are given.

22. The information on manufacturing censuses/surveys for the 96 countries(including 71 developing) is outlined in Table 4. This table shows theperiod for which data are available on number of establishments, number ofpersons engaged, number of employees, gross output, value added, wages andsalaries, and gross fixed capital formation (at current prices). These datarelate to more than 75 countries.2/ The information on the nature ofindustrial classificatiori, employment coverage, and pricing of output is alsogiven in this table. Gross value added in manufacturing for the selected26 countries I/ for 1953, 1958, 1960 and 1963-1971, normally available inlocal currency, is presented in US dollars at current prices in Table 5.To facilitate intertemporal comparisons at constant prices, industrial productionindexes for 99 countries are givn for 1960-1971 in Table 6. From this table,cross-country comparisons of aggregate manufacturing activity can also be madebecause absolute values for the base year, which is generally 1963, aregiven in US dollars.

1/ These variants provide at least two comparisons: (i) the manufacturingvalue added according to the national income accounts and manufacturingcensuses/surveys, anrd (ii) the former at constant and current prices.

2/ For the number of countries varying between 34 and 61, information isalso available on the index number and average annual growth rates ofdeflated value added, quantity of electricity consumed, and manhoursworked by operatives.

3/ The 26 countries covered are as follows: (i) East Africa Region: Kenya;(ii) West Africa Region: Ivory Coa.st; (iii) Asia Region: China(Republic of), India, Korea (Republic of), Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines,Singapore, and Thailand; (iv) EMEA Region: Greece, Iran, Israel, SpainTurkey, Yugoslavia, and Tunisia; (v) IAC Region: Argentina, Brazil, Chiie,Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela; and (vi) Japan.

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23. Tndustrial Strcture Data: The industrial structue has beencalculated for the above mentioned 26 countries for 1953, 1958, 1960,and 1963-1971 by the 28 major groups of ISIC (Rev. 2) for 1967 and onward,and by the 20 major groups of ISIC (Rev. 1) for the earlier years. TheRev. 1 and Rev. 2 classifications are meshed as shown in Statement III.The structure in terms of the gross value added at current prices is shownin Tables 23.1 to 23.26.

24. Trade Data: The data on the exports of manufactures, semi-manufactures and total merchandise have been compiled for more than 100co,=,tries for 1960, 1965, 1970-1972 and in some cases, for intervening years.Untill last year the basic trade data were available only in local currencies.These data have been converted to US dollars by using the UN conversionfactors which are given for 122 countries in Table 7, along with the IMFexchange rates. From the UN Trado Yearbook 1970-1971, which was publishedin 1973, the data are available directly in US dollars. Corresponding tothe two elaborate definitions of exports in manufactures, Total A and Total B,the ratios of manufactured exports to total merchandise exports are presentedfor 99 countries in Tables 8 and 10. Table 9 presents the ratio of semi-manufactures (Total B - Total A) to total merchandise exports. The levelsof manufactured exports in 1960, 1965 and 1970-1972 at current free-on-board(f.o.b.) prices in US dollars and the average annual growth rates for1960-1965, 1960-1970 and 1965-1972 are presented for 109 countries inTable 11. _/ Similar dstba on imports have been presented for an illustrativeset of 17 countries for 1960 and 1971 in Tables 12 to 15. 2/ Because anacceptable definition of trade in manufactures requires detailed data atthree to five digit levels of SITC (Rev.), the data on trade diversification -by commodity and/or by trading partners - will require an enormous volumeof compilatici. Such compilations were beyond the scope of this paper.

25. Data on Import Substitution: Some indicators of import substitutionare ill-astrated for seven selected countries for 1963-1971 in Table 16A. zYTotal supply of manufactures (Sm) is obtained by adding gross output (Om)and imports of manufactures (&.) availability of manufactures for domestic

1/ Preparatory work on this table showed that whenever a developing economyhad devalued. its currency, the growth of exports in terms of foreignexchange earnings was considerably loter than in terms of local currency.This empirical observation seems to reinforce the findings of a recent U.S.Federal Reserve Bank and IMF study which shows that the reaction timefor manufactured exports to relative price changes in the developedmarket economies may be three to five years. See Helen Junz and RadolfRhomberg: "Price Competitiveness in Export Trade Among IndustrialCountries', (American Economic Review, May 1973, pp. 412-18).

2/ The countries are: Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Greece, India, Indonesia,Iran, Kenya, Korea (Republic of), Malaysia (West), Mexico, Nigeria,PakLstan, Tanzania, Turkey, Yugoslavia, and Zaire.

T/ These countries are: El Salvador, Ghana, Korea (Republic of), Portugal,Singapore, Spain and Tunisia.

12-

usage (Am) is obtained by subtractixng manufactured exports ( ) from thetotal supply (Sm). Four indicators of import substitution arecalculated: 1/

(a) Incremintal ratio of manufactured imports to:

(i) total supply of manufactures: (Mm/S );

(ii) availability of manufactures: (Mm/A).

(b) Ratio of increments in Mm to Sm (or Am):MM mm

Mm Mor m

Am

Purther, six measures of the elasticity of manufactured imports to tot alsupply or to availability of mantifactures are calculated.

26. Data on Demand - Sources of .Industrial Growth: Industrial growth.can be analyzed by following the Chenery 2j Lewis-Soligo 3/ framework whichseparate three sources of growth: (i) domestic demand, (ii) importsubstitution, and (iii) export demand. Import substitution may bedefined in terms of the ratio of industrial imports (Mm) to total supplyof manufactures (Sm) or to availability of manufactuxes for domesticusage (A ). The total contribution of these three factors will be:

A" (A 4) + Am' M - $) + A1 X XAm m A A, .

-I 0 ,orv Vson (4- \)+St( 2)- O ) ( -X> ;

where the three terms respectively represent the contribution of domesticdemand, import substitution and export demand. (Superscripts 0 and 1 indicatethe initial and terminal years.) These contributions are calculated for theselected seven countries for 1963-1971 in Table 16B.

1/ Out of these four measures, the two measures using total supply arediscussed by Desai. She also discusses two additional measuiw whichreauire disaggregated data. See Padma Desai, "Alternative Measuresof Import-Substitution', (Oxford Economic Papers, November 1969).

2/ Chenery, op. cit.

3/ Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. and Ronald Sologi, "Growth and Structural Changein Pakistan's Manufacturing Industry, 1954-1964",(Pakistan DevelopmentReview. Spring 1965, pp. 94-139).

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V. Limitations of Data

A. General Industrial Statistics

27. The limitations of industrial data arise from a variety of reasonsincluding differences in the concepts and definitions used, in theindustrial-employment-geographic-ownership coverage, in the referenceunit, in the financial period, and so on. The errors in data may besampling or observational, and scmetimes both, and may arise i'rom admi-nistrative procedures, time-lags, or valuation systems. The data mayalso be biased because of inadvertent misclassification, deliberatemis.specification, or under/over-reprrting due to financial or politicalconsiderations. 2/ The more impoz ,ant limitations are noted as follows.28. List of Devueloping Countries: A variety of terms -- developing,less-developed, unde.r-developed, and poor country -- are used inter-changeablyto indicate the relatively backward economies of the Third World. The UNclassifies countries into three groups -- developed market economy countries,developing, and socialist. The IMF classifies them into four groups --industrial, other (non-industrial) developed, less developed, anid Soviet.The OECD assumes all member countries to be developed, and has othercategories for "other developedn) "Sino-Soviet", and "developing countries".The IBRD has no single classification or standard list of countries, and prefersto use specific definitions for particular purposes. Such a practice,however, sometimes leads to confusion. 3 / A division of developing countriesinto three or four economic sub-groups is worth considering: (i) leastdeveloped countries as identified by the UN Committee for Development Planning,(ii) major oil-exporting countries as identified by the UNCTAD/OPEC,(iii) developed centrally-planned, and (iv) developing centrally-planned.

1/ This paper more or less accepts published or unpublished data at theirface value, although numerous decisions, frequently arbitrary and rarelybased on intimate knowledge of a country, have had to be taken in compilingthe data.

2/ Oskar Morgenstern: On the Accuracy of Economic Observations (PrincetonUniversity Press, Princeton, Second Edition, 1963, pp. 137-180). Alsosee Improvement of the Quality of Current Statistics on the Asian Region(Occasional Paper No. 5, Asian Development Bank, May 1971, pp. 21-28).

3/ For instance, in the same IBRD publications, some tables consider Greece,Spain, and Yugoslavia as developing, whereas others consider them as deve-loped. See World Bank: Trends in Developing Countries (1973). A listof 81 developing countries is given in the IBRD: Annual Report, 1973.In this paper, Cuba, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, andYugoslavia are considered "developing".

29. Industrial Coverage: There may be a serious problem inmeasuring "manufacturing" activity, especially in distinguishing itfrom "trade, distribution and storage on the one hand, and from"tagriculture, fishery and mining" on the other. The demarcation linesbetween manufacturing and other economic activities--particularlyrepairs and services--are often vague, and an economic investigatoroften has to take arbitrary decisions in following the recommendationsof national or international agencies, even whe± they may be clearlyspelled out. International comparisons of the induistrial sector are

further vitiated by the t4raditional industries which are usually of subsistence

or semi-subsistence type. These industrial entbrpzises may be repair shops or

may be engaged in other service-type activities; they may also be engaged in

cottage industries or handicrafts, but rarely in factory-type manufacturing

activity. The nature and extent of these industries differ considerably

from country to country and also over time in a rapidly growing economy.

These industries often use centuries old technology and require little

modern capital. They are mostly ran by part/full time unpaid family

workers, and provide substantial employment. The level as well as the

growth rate of thei" labor productivity remain significantly lower than in the

modern industrial activity. Data derived from national income accounts are

likely to include cottage industries and household establishments, but those

derived from manufacturing census/survey are likely to exclude them.

30. Size of Employmbnt: The coverage by size of establishment, measured

by the number of persons engaged or employed in an establishment, differs

considerably from country to country, and sometimes even from year to yearas shoQwn i Statement IV. For instance, all establishments are supposedly.

covered l/ in Chlna (Republic of) Greece, Iran, Japan, Spain, and Tunisia;whereas establishments with only ia or more persons are covered in Chile,

India, Pakistan, &ad Turkey. Further, information on the employment

size is inadequate for several countries including Malaysia, Mexico,

Yugoslavia,and Zaire.

31. Strategic Considerations: An industrial census or survey frequently

docs not cover manufacturing'activity in defense establishments and some-

times in the entire government sector. For instance, gcvernment establishments

are not covered in Greece, factories controlled by the Defense Ministry are

excluded in India, and establishments of the Iranian Oil Company are omitted

in Iran.

1/ The estimates for small establishments--which have no standard definition

in terms of employment, fixed investment, turn-over or otherwise--are

usually derived f±'om sample surveys. These estimates are generally

weaker than thoselof the large establishments for a variety of reasons

including a weaker frame, non-accessibility due to poor transport orcommunication facilities, lack of accounting, and so on.

32. Value Added: Though most countries use the "census" valueadded concept, some use the "national accounting" value added concept.In contradistinction to the former, the cost of non-industrial servicesis deducted and the receipts for non-industrial services are included inthe latter. The extent of deviations resulting from these two alternativedefinitions of value added is not known. Value added may be derived fromsales or shipments rather than from output,. and output may not be adjustedfor the net change in work-in-process or the industrial services renderedby others. Similarly, the material and energy inputs might be inaccuratelydeducted.

33. Industrial Classification: The structure derived from the industrialstatistics is subject to a considerable margin of error, since ISIC (Rev. 2)was not generally introduced by reporting countries at the collection stage;they were asked 'o provide information according to the Revised 2 classificationfor the first time in 1969 beginning with the data for 1967. Consequentlythe content of information shown in Tables 23.1 to 23.26 through the year1966 relates, in general, to data 'classified according to the preceding ISIC.Moreover, many countries had not adopted any version of ISIC (Rev. 1 orRev. 2), and their national industrial classification cannot be meshed withISIC without considerable uncertainty as shown in Statement V and Table 17.In particular, very serious problems are faced in reconciling Ivory CaEst andYugoslavia data to ISIC (Rev. 2). The meshing of data for France, Italy,Sudan, Tunisia, and United Kingdom is also doubtful since these countrieshave not yet adopted ISIC. Finally, even for the same country-, the dataprior to 1963 may not be as reliable as for the later years, since inearlier years ISIC (Rev. 1) was not extensively used.

34. Reference Period: The industrial data are presented as if' all theestablishments had reported on a calendar year basis. In reality, referenceperiods may be different, but no adjustment can be made for the varyingperiods. The usual macroeconomic data for some countries may not referto a calendar year as implied here. The error resulting from the lackof a uniform financial year is, however, unlikely to pose a serious problemin comparability.

35. Non-response: The nature and extent of non-response differ bycountry, by industry, and by year. The documnent World Industra seldomrefers to this problem, which can sometimes be serious. For instance, theextent of non-response in India (defined as the number of factories registeredbut not responding to the census inquiry as a percent of the total numberof factories registered) has been around 2 percent in recent years, but itwas 18 percent in 1958. Further, the inter-industry variation can be large;in 1958 the non-response in the paper and paper products industry was 20percent, but in the cement industry, it was only 4 percent.

36. Revision of Data: It seems reasonable to assume that the 1/data available in the latest edition of World Industry are most reliable.The ear-lier editions of this document provide data for some overlappingyears and reveal considerable revision of the aggregate manufacturingdata. For example, the extent of revision varies from -4o% to +43%among Greece, Korea, Pakistan, Israel, and Japan. The major revisionsappear to havR largely resulted from the changes in size of establish-ment covered../ If consistency means superior quality of data, whichmay not necessarily be true, then the industrial statistics of Brazil,Colombia, India, Malaysia, Peru, the Philippines, and Yugoslavia maybe considered the most reliable among the 26 selected countries. Ofcourse, revision of the aggregate data may usually change the percentagecomposition of value added by industrial origin, and thus the observationon the industrial structure of a country may change.

B. Data on Trade in Manufactures

37. Trade data are more comprehe±isive and detailed than otherindustrial data. The data compiled, however, have not been compared withother sources, such as IBED reports, national publications, and UNregional documents. Such a scrutiny would refine the compilation further,but it would be time consuming. Many of the qualifications made abovefor general industrial statistics are also applicable to data on tradein manufacture. The country abridged notes given in Statement VIindicate the major shortcomings of the trade data, the more common ofwhich are briefly discussed below.

38. Trade Classifications: Two systems of recording external trade(as shown for 1969 in Tables 8 to 10) are prevalent. Both iae specialtrade (S) and the general trade (G) include trade in goods wholly orpartly manufactured (or produced) in a country, but they differ in thetreatment of inflow to, and outflow from, bonded warehouses or freezones. In 1969 the general exports system (G) was followed in fortycou.ntries and the special exports system (S) in fifty-five countries.3Whether a country has changed,its trade reporting system since 1960has not been ascertained, nor have the nature and extent of the incom-parability resulting from these qualifications been assessed.

1/ 1971 is the latest edition, which normally gives data for 1963 and1967-1970. Table 4 on the availability of industrial data, andTables 5, 17, 18 and 23 relating only to the selected countrieswere first compiled from earlier editions.. The information availablefrom the 1971 edition and from the manuscript of 1972 edition havebeen used to update the earlier compilations without a generalrevision.

2/ For instance, the 1967 and 1969 editions contain data for all manu-facturi.ng establishments in Greece, but the 1968 edition containsdata only for establiahments where 10 or more persons are engaged.

3/! In addition, Brazil, Paraguayr, UK, and USA record general trade lessall re-exports. No informati.on is available for Afghanistan.

- 17 -

39. The intertemporal as well as international comparability oflevels, growth, and structure of manufactured exports is seriouslyhampered by the non-adoption of the SITC (Rev.) by a large number ofcountries, some of which never even adopted the SITC (Original).*/The 1960 data are not available in SITC (Rev. or Original) for morethan 25 countries. The situation is further aggravated for thesecountries because detailed commodity information is sometimes notavailable for one-third or more of merchandise exports. However, thesituation improved considerably last year when the Trade Yearbookcontaining data for 1966-1971 was published. It was the first attemptto use the UN compueterized trade data system. In this Yearbook thenature and degree of disaggregation were determined according to standardformulae. The improvement appears to have introduced incomparabilityover time in some cases.2/

h0. Though the accuracy of compilation directly depends, interalia on the type of classification used in source documents, even theuse of tLe SITC (Rev.) does not ensure t1,at the data would be availablefor ill the two-three-four digit codes.3/ Whenevir a manufacturedproduct was nbt itemized, an attempt was made to derive it as a residual,provided the chances of overestimating were negligible. But thetemptation of arbitrarily splitting an item into its manufactured andprimary product components was resisted. Where the detail given wasinadequate, it is more likely that manufactured exports are underestimated

1/ Algeria, Angola, Bolivia, Guinea, Haiti, Mozambique, Paraguay, SaudiArabia, and Uruguay follow national trade classification. Afghanistan,Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, .Guatemala, Honduras,Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Papua, and Venezuela are still followingSITC (Original). Lebanon adopted SITC only in 1966.

2/ For some countries the total merchandise exports reported in the manualand computerized editions are also substantially different. For instance,the earlier published figures for India and Mexico for 1968 were 3.2%and 13.3%, respectively, more than the revised/latter figures, eventhough the exchange rates used were the same. For Mexico, more thanfour-fifths of the discrepancy can be explained by the alleged under-valuation in the customs records. For some reasons, these data for1967 to 1970 reported in the latter publication were not adjusted forthe alleged undervaluation.

2/ Further refinement in the compilation is possible if the ad hoc UNpublication, Commodity Trade Statistics (Statistical Papers, Series D)can be used.

- 18 -

l/than overestimated.

41i. Definition of Trade in Manufactures: What are manufactured

exports/imports? Can they be meshed with manufacturing output?

Should the exports of products covered in a manufacturing census/survey

constitute manufactured exports? If yes, then the short-cut definitions

of manufactured exports are out of line, and even the elaborate definitions

Total A and Total B have to be qualified. An illustrative list of

manufactured products which are not covered even in the most comprehen..

sive definition (Total B) is given in Statement VII. The vationale of

omitting these and similar products is not clear. 2/ On the other hand,

some non-manufactured products are included in Total A (or Total B). 1,/

The forthcoming revision of SITC (Rev.) is expected to facilitate

improvements in the definition of trade in manufactures.

42. The inadequacy of the present SITC (Rev.) for estimating manu-

factured exports will be apparent from the UNCTAD recommendation regarding

the exports of "diamonds (other than industrial diamonds) not set or

strung". SITC (Rev.) 667.2. This item is not included if the country

is a developing economy because it is expected to export only raw

diamonds. Consequently, Israel's manufactured exports in Tables 8 and

11 do not include this item. However, Israel imports raw diamonds, and

exports worked diamonds, adding about 25% of f.o.b. value in manu-

facturing. In terms of the f.o.b. value of all merchandise exports,

diamond exports constitute a large proportion, namely, one-third. Conse-

quently, a reconsideration of UNCTAD's recommendation is important for

the accurate measurement of manufactured exports of Israel; though for

countries such as Botswana, Congo, and Sierra Leone which export largely

unworked diamonds, the present recommendation seems correct. Such anomalies

can be rectified if the SITC code is split into two or more categories to

reflect the worked or unworked rature of traded commodities.

1/ One of the main reasons is the frequeat lack of breakdown of non-

ferrous metals (other than aluminum) (68X) into unwrought (68X.1) and

worked (68x.2). Similarly division (43), "animal and vegetable oils

and fats, processed, and waxes of animal or vegetable origin" could

not be included in Total A whenever necesiary details of section (4)

"'animal and vegetables oils and fats" were not available. On the other

hand, there could be over-estimation due to the unwanted inclusion of

(231.1) "natural rubber and similar natural gums" and (072.1) "cocoa

beans, raw or roasted" in manufactured exports/imports.

2/ This is particularly true of items such as raw/refined sugar and

processed tea. The value added in manufacturing these products is

substantial in many exporting countries. For instance, IAdia is a

leading tea exporter and exports almost half of its tea production,

and the value added/gross output ratio is around 18%.

3/ Exports of electric energy SITC (Rev.) 351 are included in Total A, but

electricity generation and transmission are not considered to be manu-

facturing.

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l.3. Conceptually, exports of manufactures should be defined in termsof the component of value added in manufacturing which resulted from theentire export activity. 1/ This would be the sum of direct and indirectvalue added in manufacturing activity in entire exports of goods andservices. 2/ Statistically, however, it is generally not feasible todirectly estimate the value added in manufacturing or its share in thevalue of export of all goods and services. The distinctions betweenprimary pro&:action, manufacturing and tertiary activities would stillhave to be made. The UNCTAD definitions have been adopted in this paper,because they are reasonable and widely used, and analytical results basedon them can be compared with the resuLts of several other studies.

44. Valuation of Output and Tra.de: The proportion of manufacturingoutput exported is given in Table 2. Ideally, both manufactured exportsand manufadturing gross output should be valued at the same set of prices.But exports are usually valued at free-on-board (f.o.b.) and output ismeasured at factor cost (f.c.) or market price (m.p.), and the extent ofdeviation varies from country to COUntry7, from year to year and alsofrom industry to industry. In general, f.o.b. price = f.c. + net indirecttaxes at manufac-turing stage + trade and transportation margins + netexport duty/subsidy, and Table 2 frequently overestimates the extent ofmanufactured exports. Official exchange rates have been used to convertthe value added reported in national currencies into US$. To the extentthat these official exchange rates do not represent purchasing parity,the free market exchange rate, or ecuilibrium rates, the absolute valuesthus obtained are not strictly valid. 3/

VI. Comparability in Data: Alternative Sources or Measures

145. Comparability of Industrial Data: A comparison of the gross valueadded in manufacturing and the industrial production index in 1971, asobtained from the census/survey and national income accounts of 26 countries,is made in Table 18. The extent to which the absolute levels or even therankings can be relied on is an open question, because the discrepanciesare confidence-shaking. Though any one of the qualifications stated in the

1/ G. C. Hufbauer: "The Impact of National Characteristics and Tech-nology on the Commodity Composition" in R. Vernon (ed.): Technolo2Factor in International Trade (National Bureau of Economic Research,New York, 1970, pp1.4l5-231).

2/ Israel has been estimating industrial exports both in terms of grossoutput/sales and value added in manufacturing, See Bank of IsraelAnnual Report 1970 (Jerusalem, Ray 1971, P. 237).

3/ Paul A. David: "Just How Mislead:ing are Official Exchange Rate Con-versions "(Economic Journal, September 1972, pp. 979-990).

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previous section may result in incomparability of data, the followingfive limitations seem most pertinent:

(i) National income accounts are supposedto cover all manufacturing establishmentsirrespective of their employment size,whereas the census/survey normally coveronly relatively large establishments.Even when a census/survey covers allestablishments, it may not cover householdsengaged in cottage/small industries.

(ii) Some econormic activities, such as certaintypes of repairs, services and trading,might not have been considered asmanufacturing in the industrial census!survey, whereas these activities may havebeen included in the national accountscalculations.

(iii) Census/survey value added is always reportedto be gross of depreciation, but the reporxtednational accounts value added may sometimes benet.

(iv) The valuation may be at factor cost or marketprices.

(v) Census/survey value added is always "domestic"product, whereas the national accounts value.added is sometimes reported as "national"t. 1 /

46. One can be reasonably confident about the consequences of allthese qualifications, except that last one; the first two qualificationswill tend to reduce the size of census/survey value added, and thethird qualification will have a reverse influence. Let us first reviewthe absolute levels. of value added in manufacturing as reported in the UN

I/ Unless indirectly derived, the value added by industrial originought to be "doiuestic"; the indirect estimate is likely to beless reliable.

- 21 -

World Indnstry, and UN and IBRD National Accounts. Because thenational accounts figures are expected to be more than or equal tothe indusctrial censuses/surveys figures, the ratio of manufacturingvalue added in national income accounts to that in industrial censusessurveys should always be greater than or equal to 100.

Ratio of Manufacturing Value Added in NationalIncome Accounts to That in Industrial Censuses/Surveys

Year UN IBRD

Brazil 1969 73 73Colombina 1970 99 86Israel 1971 86 86

Japan 1971 91 66Tunisia 1971 78 81Turkey 1970 57 81

Source: Table 18.

Unfortunately, it can be seen from Table 18 that this ratio is 100 percentor more only in half the cases, and it is 86% or less in five out of 19countries. Even if we account for the fourth qualification, the recon-ciliation problem will still remain for many countries ./

47. Finally, let us examine the annual growth rates of manufacturingvalue added at constant prices obtained from different sources. Thesegrowth rates for Chile, Guatemala, Tunisia, and Turkey differ by morethan + 55% in relative terms, and thus the discrepancy is substantial.On the other hand, for many countries, including Argentina, Brazil9Colombias and Venezuela, the industrial production indexes reportedin the industrial censuses/surveys arnd natioal accounts are almostidentical. Because the former generally do not relate to all the

1/ It will also be seen that the discrepancy between the census/surveyand IBRD national accounts value added is almost as serious at thatbetween the former and the UN national accounts; this observation seemsvalid both for the level of value added as well as for the index ofindustrial production.

- 22 -

establishments, one cannot be sure about the statistical coincidences,genuine equality, or lack of independence among sources. Hence, it isevident that many structural changes, which seem to emerge from thedata or from an econometric analysis of these data, may be spurious asthey may result from the statistical or conceptual problems in datacomparability rather than from a genuine shift in the industrial structure.'

Annual Growth Rates of Real Gross Value Addedin Manufacturing According to Various Sources

* WorldPeriod Industry UN IBRD

Chile 1963-1970 2.8 4.4 2.8Greece 1963-1971 9.3 11.5 9.3

Guatemala 1960-1971 4.0 7.4 4.0

Panama 1960-1971 13.3 10.3 11.1Philippines 1967-1971 5.5 7.0 5.5

Singapore 1966-1971 16.3 - 1l4.0

Spain 1963-1971 10.2 8.3 10.2Tunisia 1965-1971 - 0.0 5.7

Turkey 1963-1970 - 8.8 13.8

Source: Tables 2 and 18.

48. Comparability in Manufactured Exports Data: A cross-countryor intertemporal analysis of trends in manufactured exports/imports and

structural changes therein faces even more serious problems. Theseproblems arise from the multiplicity of definitions of "trade in manu-factures", multiple systems of recording external trade, changes in exchangerates, fluctuations in the domestic price of exportables, non-adoption ofSITC (Rev. or original), inadequacy of SITC (Rev.) to facilitate iden-tification of manufactured products, inadequate detail in the breakdownof traded products, changes in the national or customs boundaries, and soon. These problems have already been discussed qualitatively. The.quantitative implications Sy using alternative definitions of manufacturedexports are raised below. - For the sake of brevity, we have assumed

1/ In addition to the four definitions described in Section III, anotherdefinition, hamely SITC (Rev.) Codes 5 + 6 - 67-68 + 7 + 8, issometimes used explicitly or implicitly. For instance, see UNCTAD:Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics, 1972.

UNCTAD S defini,,in "T ot;al A" to b a nu.reraire with out suggestingthat it is an i.deal" cteLinition, 'TPhe numerical exercise is confined

to 1965 an'1 1971 because the quality. ' oC' b.he data Lor these years is

considered satisfactoir aLd availabi It7y is almost complete.

49. Whether one wants .,o cons- Jdce thle absolute levels of manufacturedexports, Table 19 or ' he annual g ro-tth sate of manufactured exports,Table 20, or tihe proportion of ma^.f4otured exports to total merchandiseexports, Ts.''le th.e data Whnic hav-e !:,an compiled indicate that the

results may vaery so mnx: ,h from detoiniti. io definition that the validity

of the very term 'gindxastrial or manufactured exports" is open to question.

The wide ranige and cLdiversity in resultl4 c-n *be seen by considering seven

countries reDresentlug a:3Lmost tlae enti.re spectruLm of economic level:

(i) $140 Per capita incoe in LIgerTh to $l4100 inr Canada (1971),(ii) wide ran-ge of population size i1 aillion in Malaysia to 95

million in 3rtazil (1971), (iii) wideL,y diverse population density -

2 per sq. Im. in Australia to 68 in Kenya (1971), (iv) wide range in GNP -

less than $2 billion in 'einya to $90: b-i-L-ion in Canada (1971), and

('v) varying econoxiZc growh - 2 .1, awrua-I per capita in Nigeria to 6.5%in Iran (over the pe:riod 196o'-1971), and so on.

50. The absolute levels of mtanufactulaed exports are examined first.

Depending on the definition clhoseni, Nigeria' s manufactured exports can be

$8 million or $61 million. that is, a raxnge of more than seven times.

Valiie of Manufactur.,-d EXiports According toVarious Def nitions 19 71

(*.ini.lion U. S. $)

SITC (Rev.)5 to 8 S,ITC (Rev.)

Country minus 68 ; to 8 Total A Total B

Austiralia l,030 1,345 1,165 1,185

Brazil 445 1445 760 775Canada 9,130 iO,i45o 11,740 12,570Iran 135 135 150 450

Kenya 31. 31. 42 74

Malaysia 150 445 230 535Nigeria 8 43 26 61

All DevelopingCountries 15,080 16,070 17,280 20,510

Source:, Table 19.

- 21 -

Though such a .ange should be unacceptable to any serious researcher, thera-ne canq be more for some other countries. For Lnstance, Venezuela Ismanufactuired exports in 1965 can be $8 million or $750 million, andPeru's manufactured exports in 1968 can be near zero or $490 million.Finally, the absolute difference in the level of manufactured exports canalso be large. Canada illustrates the case, where marnufactured exportsin 1971 measured by the definition Total B are $3.5 billion more thanthe one measured by SITC (Rev.) 5 to 8 minus 68. Even at, the aggregatelevel,. the absolutte value of manufactured exports varies very consi derably.from $6.5 billion to $12.1 billion (the latter being alniost twice thato.f the former) for the 82 developing countries in 19652 and front $15.1 billionto $20.5 bi1lion f'or the 75 develop;ing countries in 1971.

51. The -annual growth rates of manufact-ared exports for 1965 1 (70

or 'o 1971 arz considcred noAt, At what rates are. manu factured exportsgrowing? This simple question cannot be answered for a majority of thecountries within an acceptabl.e range of error. For at: least i 6 clevrelopingcoLuitries even the direction of ch:ange is not certain and for the samenurmiber of couLntries the annual growth rates differ by more than 12% percuntagepoints according to various definitions of manxi.facturecl enxports. The,ranges of annu:l. growth rates for some of these countries are as ifollows:Central Pfrican Republic (-3% to +19 L`00), 'hi'lle (-5% to +28%), Ethiopia (2o'to 53%), Ghana (92%9s) to 36%), Greece (3% tc 141%) ITidonesia (-4% to +18%),Ni.geria (-2% .o +13%), Paxaguay (3% to 41%,), Sudani (almost zero to 1,,0%),Turkey (13% to 4i0%), Venezuela (3% to 36%), and Zambia (-1% to +130%).The task of ascertaining tho growth ratie of manufactured exports is fuLthercomplicated because, as expected, no s;ystematic relationships among theannual growth rates (calculated according to the variou.;s definitims) ca.uibe obseerved. Hcowever, at the aggregate level for all the 71 de'v I opinlcountries, for wLIich both the 1965 and 1971 data are a-vailab,'E. uh¶! "Jlawof large nunb-:-`' ceerrs to ip jjy siice, the arnmal growt.h 'rate v,-ri, nls y*between 14.1L'V 1 6G.,i%.

ATmualercnte.rowtah Rates of Manufact,uredE t cto Various Defiit.iorxs 1965-1971

SITC (Rev.)5 to S SITC (Rev,)

Countr minus 68 5 to 8 Total A Total B

Australia 18.8 16.9 12.8 lL4.2Brazil 23.7 23.7 21.4 21.7Canada 20.9 18.4 17. 4 16.5Iran 15.2 15.2 14.9 3,4

Kenya 16,2 1.2.8 12.4 12.3Malaysia 14.8 4 .2 15 .4 5.2Nigeria 0.1 -2.5 12.8 1.8

All, DevelopingCountries 16.1 ] 14.4 14. 8 14.1

Oou.rce: Table :r

52. Tf one assLum,es that Totial A is an "ideal" definition of trade ini-,aanufactures, the values of manufactured exports according to variousdefinitions are presented as percent of Total A for 1965 and 1971 inTable 20. Any deviation from 100 then represents an error. The devi.ationsfor 1965 are, however, dramatic for many countries, such as Australia(65 to 127), Burma (L4 to 1)40), Iran. (87 to 466), Sierra Leone (100 to18,000), Turkey (27 to 156), Venezuela (123 to 9,500), and Zambia (63 to23,000), and so on. i/

53. Com-arabil`ty i erchandise Exports Data: The ratios of manu-factured exports to merchandise exports shown in Tables 8 to 10 will bevitiated if there were any errors in the data on total merchandise exports.The time-series data on total merchandise exports are readily availablefrom several sources. 3/' Any data obtained from independent sources willnaturally diffLer, but such differences may not bother a user if they arenot large and can be attributed to plausible differences in concepts,coverage, methodology, and so on. L/ The merchandise exports data compiledfrom diverse sources fQr the Latin American and Caribbean countries for1965 to 1969 are shown in Table 22. It appears that the ratios ofmanufactured exports tio merchandise exports may vary substantially, justbecause the source of data used for merchandise exports may be different.

1/ These deviations for 1971 are smaller: Australia (88 to 136), Iran(88 to 293), Indonesia (46 to 258), Malaysia (6)4 to 232)Trinidad and Tobago (94 to 627), and Uganda (7)4 to 2,200), etc.

2/ Obaervations made in this paragraph might be equally valid for merchandiseimports data as well, but we have not done any empirical investigation.The discrepancies in dat.a could sometimes result from differences in theexchange rates used.

i/ U13: Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, IMF; InternationalFiLnancial Sta4Cdstics and IMF: Direction of Trade. The ,terna1Transactions rable of the UN; Yearbook of National Accounts Statisticssometimes shows separately the exports of goods and services.2i Morgenstern, op. cit., pp. 137-180.

- 26 -

54. The absolute levels of merchandise exports published in the

International Financial Statistics (IFS) when compared with those

published in the UN Trade Yearbook, show a variation of minus 13%

(Venezuela) to plus 13% (Jamaica) in 1969. The differences between

the two IMF publications, IFS and Direction of Trade (DOT) can also

be large; minus 13% (Venezuela) to plus 27T (Ecuador). I/ How do

the growth rates of merchandise exports (1965-1969) compare with

each other? These comparisons are also somewhat disturbing,

although "clean" comparisons are very few. For Jamaica, where DOT

data are directly obtained, growth rate varies from 3.9% to 7.7%.

In general, however, the IFS and the UN growth rates are fairly close.

Such discrepancies are understandable, but a warning to the users of

ITS and DOT seems warranted, even though the global comparisons made

in the Introduction to IFS show that the unexplained "net difference"f

between thbe two sources in 1969 world exports was only 0.15%, as

this figwu.,e relates to total world trade and not that of individual

countriea .

55. Comparability in the Ratio of Manufactured Exports to

Merchandise Exports: Four definitions of manufactured exports and

three sets of data on merchandise exports will lead to twelve ratios

of manufactured exports to merchandise exports. Since commodity-wise

details are available only frcn one source, one can argue that this

Percentage Share of Manufactured Exportsto Merchandise ;xports According to Various

Definiitions of the Former, 1971

SITC (Rev.)5 to 8 SITC (Rev.)

Coury minus 68 5to8 Total A Total B

Australia 20.2 26.5 23.0 31.2

Brazil 15.4 15.) 26.1 27.0

Canada 51.7 59.1 66.4 71.1

Iran 5.0 5.0 5.7 16.7

Kenya 15.3 15.3 20.6 36.0

Mala;ysia 11.6 34.7 18.0 41.8

Nigeria 0.4 2.4 1.4 3.4

All DevelopingCountries 31.7 33.8 36.3 43.1

Source: Table 21.

it' These differences appiear significant since in none of these instances

were the DOT data derived indirectly.

parQicula- souza n.a1yy, MN Trade earbook) wil"' -0 1-i =6ot a9Oop!-o 'a.

ze5 3nce, t ratos, calculated i'or the aoe-msntioned savan counwies

for 1971 , rlatz to thIs souice on0y. In relat11ivse er'mss iaria

represen'Ts a wide variation in the ratio from 0.46% to 3.37%; though in

t'zr;s oZs percentage points, variation in Malays-ia's share is very large:

from 12% to 42%. Cut of the remaining developing countries (not shown in

the above table), this ratio varies by more than 60 percentage points

-ior Chile, Sierra Leone, Trinidad and Tobago, Zaire, and Zambia; for

_lgria, Cantral African Repiulic, Isra&L, Panama, Singapore, and Venezuela

this ratio varies by .') percentage points or more. Me variation in this

ratio is quite large even at the aggregate level. For instance, this

ratto varies from 19% to 35% for the 82 developing countries in 1965,

and from 32% to 43% for the 75 developing countries in 1971.

56. Comparability in Measures of import Substitution, Imoort

Elasticity, and Demand-Sources of Industrial Growth . The above mentioned

discussion was so far essentially confined to the problems in comparability

of the basic data on industry and trade in manufactures compiled from

diverse sources following more or less the s8inJ conceptual framework. Such

discrepancies also arise because of the use of differ Et concepts to

measure the apparently same economic process. What follows now are some

illustrative calculations on differeat measures of import substitution,

import elasticity, and demAnd-sources of industrial growth, which are

conceptually different but often interchangeably used by researchers.

The wide variations in the measures of import substitution, import

elasticity, and demand-sources of industrial growth are evident from the

above table. Depending on thle measure of import substitution, its

extent varies from minus four percent to plus 54% for Singapore; and

import elasticity varies from minus 109% to minus 11% for Ghana. The

variation in demand-sources of industrial growth in Singapore is quite

large; domestic demand (77% to 113%), export demand (minus 56% to plus

10%), and. import substitution (12% to 42%).

Period Neasures of Import Substitution

1 Mm/ I 15m 1 E Mm/tA a ( M/S) af(M "/Am)

(1hatiai 1963-1970 -.06 -. 61 -. o0 -. 01

Korea (Rep. o') 1963-1971 .25 .32 .04 .08

S Ln.rapore 1963-1971 .148 .51• -e04

Source: Tables 16A and l6B.

- 28 -

E:lasticity of Manufactured Imports toTotal Supply of Availability of'Manufactures Manufactures

(AM s )/ (MM I ) (1M/&A ) (M /A)m / m m m mM

/a /b 7c 7a /b /cGhana .11 -. 11 -. 11 -1.07 -1.08 -1.09Korea (Rep. of) 1.29 1.16 1.17 1.57 1.31 1.33Singapore r 88 0.92 0.92 .68 .77 .78

Demand-Sources of Industrial Growth

Domestic Demand Export Demand Import Substitution

/d /e /d /e /d /e

Ghana .04 o4 .40 .85 .56 .10Korea (Rep. of) .86 .88 .21 .24 -. 08 -. 12Singapore .77 1.13 .10 -. 56 .12 .42

/a With respect to base year.7i With respect to arithmetic mean of base and terminal years.77 With respect to geometric mean of base and terminal years.7d Import substitution defined in terms of M1/S

Mn./e Import substitution defined in terms of M /A

Source: Tables 16A and lbB.

57. Where does one go from here? Should not the definitions andmeasures be standardized, or is it enough to say, "it depends on" thepurpose in mind? Should one continue to concentrate on buildingsophisticated econometric and programming models using these data orshould one also start cleaning up the data and standardization ofconcepts on a priority basis? Of course, explanation of the causes ofthe abovementioned wide variations is easy. But that is of littleconsolation when a quick survey of empirical studies shows that thesewidely divergent definitions or measures are either interchangeablyused, or they are used for the same (or almost similar) purpose atdifferent times by the same user and/or at the same time by different users.The need for standardization of definitions is thus apparent and urgent,and one hopes that the present exercise will stimulate further work onthese lines with a view to improving the data base of empirical studies onindustrial development.

-29-

AboueLuvel No. of Peron Value Aidde ae e P erC a U$)PpltoGM? Population Arma (ill US$) *4 tegLed Per Pern,on Person an-ufacturinC Mechandise Hanufactured DenslI yC-utL, (mill~. US$) ~ L (thus.Kn Dt4t Valu, Added thu K,~,.d ) 1P Value Added El.its FX.-rta e~~.

EAsT APIIacABotaana. 100 u.6 600 3 LA! 3.9/- .. ... ... 160 6.5L!.. . 1Bturudi 220i 3.6 28 ... 17.3 ...... , 60 14.8 .... 130Ethis-pia 1,990 25.2, 1,222 1871!/ 9* 145/! i,3B/-S G~~ 80 7.7 14.9 0.2 21Kenya i,850 11.7 583 573 200.8 76 2,125 1,061! 160 17.2 17.5 3.6 20Len.otho 100 0.9 30 ... 1.6 ... ... ... 100 1.8 ... ... 31Malaga,sy RP.r.-pblic 1,020 7.2 587 155/5. 105.7 3615 1,858e/e 715 1140 114.7 2U.14 2.7 UIMalawi 1410 14.6 118 110 57.9 20, 1,856 525 90 .12.6 12.9 0.3 38Muiin230 3. 12 3172 1,339 526 280 39.6 7 8.5/ 0.~" 11R.-uda 20 38 26 21/ 9.0 5L! 5905 41414 60 2.1A, ... 1Ih5Son a]ia 210 2., 638 31 .,6 2,8714 731. 70 ... 11.9 1.5 L4Suda 1,900 16.1 2,506 368 1143.3 ... ... 120 8.9 201.14 0.0 6Swaziland 80 0.14 17 514 12.7 6 212 1,1l49 190 31.7 ... ... 214Tazna1,1470 13.2 9145 2AU14/ 125.0 14/ 1,6'02/! 639 5. 110 9.5 18.14 1.2 114Uganda 1,3140 10.1 236 301.7/! 78.8/! 4/ 1,507 6~3 .S 130 8,3L!

23-p/e 0, l/t 43Zaire 1,750 19.3 2,3145 392LC 1114.2 86! 1,913 1,088u/! 90 5.9 3 021Zanbia 1,2. 1.2 75 435/! 107 73.5 141 14,826 1,6036. 380 25.6 214 35 1kWEST AFRICA

Cancroon 1,160 5.8 1475 265L! 137.6L! ... ... ... 200) 22.6/i 35.5 10.0 12Central African Hep. 2140 1.6 623 ... 29.9 ... ... .. 150 18.7 20.1 1.14 3Chad 310 3.7 1,2814 ... 17.81f . ... ... 80 5.2(9 7.1 0.15 3Congo, People's Rep. 300 1.1 3142 ... 141.0 ... ... ... 270 37.3 35.5 11.0 3Dahoney 280 2.8 113 ... 23.8 ... . ... 100, 8.5 15.0 1.2 25Equatorial Guinea 60 0.3 28 .. ... ... ... 210 .... . 10Gao 10 0.5 268 .. 14.1 ;i . .. 702,2 3.727.9 2Gan,bia 50 0.14 11 .. 1.0 ... , .. , .. 1 2.5 ... . 33Ghana 2,250 8.9 '239 ji8l&_ 205 9 56&.5

2,855L i688(L 250) 23 1 37.14 8.0 37Guinea 380 14.1 2146 ... 6:9/!.b ... ... g0 2.. ..b 16Ivory COast 1,730 5.2 322 298/! 253.7 ... ... ... 330 148.8 87.6 114.7 114Liberia 330 1.6 111 ... 21.0 .. . .. 210 13,1 13Y.0 2.8 114Mali 370 5.1 1,2140 37L5. 27.8 ... ... ... 70 5.5 7.1 0.7 14Mauritania 200 1.2 1,031 ...

33.P'c ... ... ... 170o -27.6/5.- 78.3 1.6 1Niger 1400 14.1 1,267 ... 141.2 ... ... ... 100 10.8 .9-.1 0.3 3Nigeria 7,8140 56.5 9214 1,1451 11911149 14,5114 9314 1140 39.9 31.7 0.5 61Senegal 1,020 14.0 196 ., 111.14.. ... ... 250 27t.9 31.2 10.14 21Sierra Leone 5140 2.7 72 .. 23.5 ... ... ... 200 o.7 36.5 0.0 36Togo 300 2.0 56 611! 32.3 ... .... 150 16.2 28.2 14.9 36Upper Volta 390 5.5 2714 ... 51,.0 ... ... . . 70 9.8 2.9 0.2 20

ASIABritisb Solomon Islands 30 0.2 28 .. . . . ... 200 ... . 6Burna 2,1430 29.6 678 . 21414 80 8.-3 3.9 05 141China, Rep. of 6,14o4 114.y 36 3,1479/-! 1,261.8 1, 23/!c 165! 1430 81.7 75.90. 60o.1/n 9Fiji Islands 250 0.5 18 90 25.5 8! 1,1468 1,513 1470 51.0 135.6 114.6 29Hong Kong 3,650 14.0 1 ... 989.14 5614 ... ... 900 2147.14 717.8 637.2 3,9,10India 62,720 551.1 3,280 12,1.88Z/! 7,826.7 14,18481 7381!a 38 A! 110 11'.2 3.7 2.0 168Indonesia 9,1460 119.2 1,1492 1,060 8114.2 9148 i. 06 80 681. 0 3 814KhmerRep 990 7.7 11 .. 740! ... .. 130 9: a. 1 9L/! :Korea, Rep. of 9,1140 31.8 98 4,1477 1,836.7 8142 2,193 529 290 57.8 33.6 28.0 3214Lao- 370 3.0 237 ... ... ... . ... 120 ... 2.1 0.8 13Malaysia (West) 14,500* 11.2* 132 1,1438 396.2 1714 2,1491 736 1400. ... 1142.2 25.6 68Nepal 990 11.3 1141 ... 80.9 90 7.2.. 580Pakicitan -1! 13,120 135.1 9147 2, 471/e' 1,5514.14 LjR/e 2,L/e ,96/e' 100/e 11.5 14.92.7 1143Papua and flew Guinea 810 2.5 1462 122 27.81! 15 3,775 1,1496 320 11.6/ 314.li 2.0 5Philippines 9,160 37.9 300 2,995 2,320.8 1420 2,663 582 2140 61.2 29.5 3.0 126Singapore 2,530 2.1 1 1,818 1493.0 1145 3,339 1,2112 1,2WX 2314.8 835.7 310.9 3,630,Sri Lardca 1,260 12.8 66 314.. 252.7 97/! 1,5591 IOU 19.7 25.3 0.6 195Thailand 7,820 37.3 5114 9114/5.1,000.0 309 3,876/ 1i/ 210 26.o 22.3 3.5 69Vietnan, Rep. of 14,350 18.8 1714 ... 4805 ... .. 230U5. oL.Y j / 10

Afghanistan 1,1140 114.6 614 .. 832/ Bo 8 5.7/! 6.8 1.3 27t1geria 5,26o 114.1 2,382 1,2'5(1 325.8 381 : 1:,92,1/! 360 50.14 70-5/e 15.3/.! 6Cyprus 700 0.6 9 186 73.1 31 2,363 1,172 1,100 121.8 170.3 31.145 69Egypt 7,5140 314.1 1,001 2,3714/! 1,529.2 . 1, 1691! ... 220 14148 23.1 6.7 314Filan.d 11,920 14.7 337 8,5147 3,005.3 1478' 6,1814 3,137 2,550 639.14 1492.7 1455.3 114

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Table tcoo.Ansdj

N,afl f Va 1- L dddrifiL

SH? PoPuaIon.ti roa 1jul11 U011) * I P P Pesn ?r" Mndotrn irt, e MaufafLur-d Dno,ity(___.--II. di (m tl ho%sq.KO.J .1, Valoc Asd,d thou.' 00'd(1 re~,dA~ N V,7u. Addesj Ex.r;ts .2it2..

Grece1123. - 12 u1,, 1.623.j 1,S J, 37./- 1,531, 1.25.. 21)2.6 3 8. 0

I:d511. .:2 If; - 76.8 .. . ., 2,1,a0 1,7 ,1

Iraq 3,516. b. 1.i 632 339.1.- ILI? 2,19,3 1I ,1)16 370 3,. 156,0, ~ .. 22Ireland 7,190 1it, ).183 1l1,1,.! 156 6,0,25 2,1,15 l, 51C. 1,78.1 427.3 j Pr..~ V,

.. re66. .121 5.18 1,126.7 225; 5,11W.. 2,22.i 2,29'.. 375-6 32,... 11. 1,

J-rda 62- 2.1, .6 1 57. 11 2,0,5 9,7, 26:, i.c 13.3 5.8 21,I.bas 1.814. 2.5 1L, .. 2 ... ..L .. ... 661. 85.1'911 5.1,h 276

aat 2' .. 1, 1 1*9.9 21 2.21.1' 123 861 15I.C& 122.9 112.2 1,0u31l~rct1,J,. 1.,U? ,9k 363 i 2~ 3,1771 1,115 21 513241 9.1 31

P-rtugaLl 7,5 9.7 92 3,1,55 2,11, :8 682 1,,128a ,0 ) 200.? 18.5 7. 10Ne,uani 15,221) 20.5 237 ... /1 ,641,1/S 1 .6 3 9/A 11 / AS.1i. i6.6"- 8Sp.!. 37,1,0 L. .. 515 21,691.) 8,660 2,01,1 3,1,15 1, ,98 1 , 201V 251.5 86.1, 6i.0 66Syria 1,9113 6.5 185 677 315.2 1255 1.921, 6G15 291 z.b.5 29.9 1,.0 35

Tu.s:.ia 1,67, 5.2 161, 585 152. 3 51, 3,1,66 1,229' 32. 21.3 1,1.5 9.0 31br-key 12,160 36.? 781 1,,753/S 2,1,11,3 5 6 3/c 4, 3671S 90518 31,0 66.7 l8.-, 3.5 1,6

Te-e, , r.b Rep. of 1b,8 5.6 1,5 ... .. .. .. . 0 ..... 30Yemen. Pe-pae'. Dm.Rep. 170 1.5 288 96 .1 .. 1163 121) .. 11.11 ,/ 5Yugoslavia 15,180 21.7 2516 3.615/SE 3,54,2.1 1.379 2,712 1,1226 731, 171.2 88.7 68.6 du

IATIN ANERICA & ThE CARIBBEANArgentina 2"8,920 23.6 2.777 ... ... 1 9844 2,1,33 1,231 328.1 76.1,/S 17 -GSBarbados 160 t.2 o.1 60 18.5 &.l 2.21,8 1,269 670 92.5 1Sa.* /e 6.8~ b-,-Belize (Br-iti.h Hondura) 80 0.1 23 .. 1. i4s ... ... .. 61,0 58.C/S 1 16.3Y-. 37.7/c 5Ba1i~da 950 5.1 1,J99 1̀ 7l~ 10,9,6 . .... 191 31.5 hi1.3/S 0.O?.,c 5B-ail 1,1,260 95.1, 8,512 16,73i&3 7,836.-2 2A,1,Ll 1,039131 6825/c 1,6 82.2 30.1, 8.0 " 11

Chile 7,550 13.0 757 2,480/1L 2,503.1, .. 5,316L .. 76C0 25U.3 125.1/ 8.1/S 12C.1-ebia 8.180 22.3 1,139 3,21,1 1,218.5 J31 1,,307 751,9/ 32 51,.6 31.9 h1,. 19

CL.t Nba 1,31,1 1.8 51 21,3/ 202.3 27/S 1,079681 590i 112.1, 1~25.2 311.? 35Ooe.inic Rep. 1,751 ha. 1,9 631, 21,87 11/3 i;62Lf 87? 1,30 63.7 1,5.8 2.1, 86E-ads- 1,963 6,3 281, 1,17 253.1, 50 3,51)2 936 311 1,3.? 31.09/ 0.1,/S 22

El Salad-r 1,190 3.7 21 1,72 206.2 51, ... Boa 32.. 55.7 61.7 21.5 17uG-d.d.lvape 280 0.3 2 .. .... .. . 81,0 .. 133.9 15.1 186Guatemala ,2 5.1, 101 0 298.3 57 3,73 103 390 55.2 52.1, 17.8 1,OuYa,,a 300 0.7 215 ... 30.7 .. .... 39~1 1,3. 206.8 11,.8 3Haiti 500 1.-3 28 16S 305.2 10 66 120 8.2 11.2 2.9 151,

Hondua 760 2.6 312 259 9,8.8 28 6,212 1,101, 300 38 71,.3 10,.1 23J-.laac 1,370 1.9, 11 618 159.0 1,2 1,,691 2,1,71 720 83:7/s 176.1, 20.5 173Kartinique 330 0.3 1 ... . . .... 970 .. 113.7 36.5 309MexIic 36,71,0 52.1 3,973 ... 9,661,.5 .. . .. 700 11. 2" .2 10.6 26Neherlands ile 330 0.2 1 ... ..... ... .. 1,1,,o .. 3,01A,2:L/S' 155C.0/S 231,

NiCar .u M5 2.1 130 -. 155.1 .. . ... 1,50 76.0 87.3 17.0 15Panm 1,210 1.5 76 1,3 185.6 26 6,3o7 2,101, 820 123.7 76.6 1.6 20Paaguay 680, 2.5 1,07 918 1)6.6 ... .. 280 1,2.6 26. 10.6 6Peru 6,650 13,.U 1,285 2,608 1,i.i,i 11, 9,571, I.26/S au 96 5 65L.6/ 20. F!8 11Pueto~t Rico 5,050 2.8 9 ... 9165i.& .. . .. 1,831 351,.1,/ ... ... 311,

Surin- 310 0.1, 163 3./ ... 37.1. ... 760 92.7/c 31,j.u0/S 78.0/S 2riia &Toao 970 1.0 5 171,! 11.35, 326/. 91, 13. 520.1, 76.2 201

Vrga 2,201 2.9 177 350L.8 381.1 .. .... 750 131.1, 7'..9 7.1, 16V ezea11,300 106912 6,067 3,01.5 211 , ,1., 10051.523950 1

Australia 36,5f,0 12.7 1,687 23,1531! 9,529.3 1,21,7/S 7,085/S'- 1,,032 L8. 2,870 751.-3 j39914 91.7 2Aut,- 1ra 6,390 7.5 81, 11,758 6,316.5 720 6,296 3,01,9 2,203 81,2.2 1,22.5, 383.2 89BeLIgim 28,710 9.7 31 -. 9,207.6 1,236 7,128 3,661 2,960 91.9.2 1,239.1-h 1,01,2:611 317Can-da 89.320 21.6 9,976 !7,1,5 111,63L.P 1,61,1 11,,10 7,1,27 1,,0 909?.C 818.5 51,35 2

Llnal 700 5013 4,8,e1,7,7 11 , 7 1/. 5, 3G3 3,4,30 97L.9 720.1 512.6 115

Pranc 172,370 51.2 51, ... 61,179.2 . . . 3,360 1,191,.9 358.8 318.9 91,Gemn,Fd.e.o 96,880 61.3 21,8 167,681 80,181.8 8,191 11,85 1,6 3,210 13806.9 573.0 239

Italy 100,1,1, 51,1 301 55,81,5 26,289.6 3,322 7,361 3,251, 1,860 1,85.9 279.3 21,2.9 180Japan 222,520 106.7 370 232,579 60,308.1 11,556 7,872 2,901 2,130 526.0 229.1 221.0 283l-xmbo-rg 1,060 0.3 3 1,090 295.8/S hi 10,558 5,633 3.130 986.0! In /8 132

Uethelands 31,,600 13.2 hi1 26,1,2,110,630.3 1.193 7,264! 1,201 2,620 805.3 1,055.1 680.0 323eeeaad700 2.8 269 1,,71,0 1,625.1 235 5.3,0 296176! 3,1,70 560.5 1,75.3 609 1

Mowy12,220 3.9 321, 8.251 3,11,38 359 8,81,8 1,661, 3,130 80.1 657.3 1,85.1 12Bedn31,380 8.1 1,50 22.321 9,271.1 893 11,573 6,100 1,,240 1,i1,6.6 921.5 715.8 18S&izrad22,990 6.3 la1 -. . 850 . ... 3,64,0 ... 915.6 865.2 153

fnited Zlngdee 135,91,0 55.9 21,1 io5,996LS39,088.8 8,.J1,0/S 5,1,239/S 3,105/S 2,1,30 699.3 399.9 357.1, 228Belted Statee 1,068,380 2U7.0 9 ,363 669,290 259,600.0 17,358 18,068 8,969 5,16o 1,25h.1 210.1 157.3 22

- 31 -

Table 1 (conti.nhed)

Ia 1968Z 1965

1969A 19667e 197071 1967E Includes Banglaiesh

i 1uxembourg is included in Belgium7g 1972

Nu tmber of persons employedk Per person engaged

71 The VA., for 1968 is $16,9tiO million as given in SmDi source. dience, per capiLa V,a,, w.A be $u5b... -nile toP per capita fur 1,7.t, .ucordi-; to aorld Bank Atlas, is $?bu.u.

* East and West Malaysia combined.These two columns are not comparable to each other because they are taken fr.,, different sources. The value added data are from national income accounts which have a wider coverage than industrial census/.ur...y fromwhich output data are obtained. The ratio of manufacturing gross value added to gross output (VAn,/O,n) given in column 3 of Table 2, oa be used to obtaln cofparable figures ofGgross value added (VA),) and ouLput (0.).

Sources: Columns 1, 2 and 9: IBRD, World Bank Atlas, 1973.Columns 3 and 13: UN, Statistical Yearbook, 1972.Columns ii and 6-8: UN, Growth of World Industry, 1971 and unpublished data; IBRD Country Reports have been used in Column 14 for Costa Rica, Ghana, Ivory Coast, MHxico, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela and Yugo,1ldvia.Columns 5 and 10: IBRD, Socio-economic Data Bank.Colu-nn 11: UN, Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, lS71.Column 12; Total A. For details see Statement 1.

.~-... . . . . . ......

0~~~ 10 . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 4 - 4

4. J4

.. .. . . . . ... . ... ..:. 4. : .4.0.4.4.0...0 4 4 4 4 04 4 04 4 0 . 4 0 4 0 .

*4.0'd* 4. . . . . 4 ~ 4 ... 04.. 10 .4.. . .... -..... . . . .0...... !,I 904 I 94.1011~ F .00 4 90 .4. I 09.0

0'~~~40l~~ *4.4.1'- P 0 - J04l~ .1 . ..10 . . . . .. .. . 4 4 . .. .1 .b .0 0 . 0 * 0 0 0 . 0 41. 4 '...

**4.4. *4.0** . . . . . . . . * 4 0 . 0 .0* . . . * 0. 1 4 0

22. 22 2.2 .;z;;;..L42 ;:: 12 ; j: 1 22i.:::4404.44.4.4.40.00 0 .4.4.0404~ . . . .I ... 0 '44. 0 . . 4 0 . 4. *.'.4

004..0404..4 0 04. 4. .4.4.0 000 4..4.0 4.4 .04 4. 0044 04. 4 444.

4.04 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4. .4. 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4. .4. .4. .4. .4.~4. 4.4. .4. .4. .4. .4. .4.4 4.4 4.4 4. .4..4. 0 4 . . 4 . 4 .

4 N0

0 4.0 4.9

In I. I -- - -

:C00 0'!

I?0 00 0

OOo.. .. U00000o 0'0.00.O 'C-lO 0 .oo.~ .0 ".oo-.O 0'.~..o - - -. .- - -00- -

zi~.~ '1 jI 4.j0

~0. 000 1 00 000 ~ .o*o . 0oo~ 000

.0

o0'~> O O 00 O 1. ~ o.o0Q! P..l'o*o 0 0 .. I.,.0 oo 0i 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0* .0 0 0 0 0) )0 0'.0.140

0 .00 '- .~fl

* ll ll .

~0. .' 10 00 00-0 .. 01 0 .0 0 00 * 0 00 00 0. 0.00 00 '. 10 00 0!

I0

.9

.9 A

.3.'

t bl Er 11 P.,. C.Pil..

961111 Ib- X1.. It -1o 16 .. fa 070.l.6.C6r 66t -001.1 .-I r1 .d,,, 1. 71.11 L..1 '5.0611

(1) (22 ) ) 1 ()() (7) .0) ()Sa 6) (t 2)(1

.,177 C6 1 266 1A.2 1.0 1. 90.6 3. 96.7 2 0.a l3,61) 1.810 20.3 ,. .. . *. 1965 0.1 9 2 o.. 19

911.12,2)0 *. 1867 9 0.76 1L7

91.1 (.2 51.2 ... ,, .. . 196.6 95 7 0.4 1970

72 3 051965 o.o 1970 j~.9.11 6550 1.61. 36.2 .. .. .. .. 1961 266 5.7 197017 233 27 .8 11. 7 37.9 29.6 196 2 6 10

3,00. . . . . . . 10 1 0.1 1970 1,7700

201012,095 1... go 17

16,135 6,31. 37.L. 5.o 5. . . 96 25 0. 1869 2.0901.3 12 3. .. .. .. .. 1968 01. 17 0.1. 1970

152 011 1,7~10.. =1082,1 1,213 31.0 . . . . 1957 7 3 31 16

10,1 3,31 32.7 a0. .. . .. 105 . 16 4 0.L 1770 2,160

7. 936 .. . . 5 1 0.. 1970 7,2501.06- 4.250 1.27.6 60:.6 2.6 1.T? 15.2 16.9 1969 2503/ .~ 90 70.

.1/00,576 206 105 .. .. .. .. 110 3.0a 108 9 0.6 1970 7,53006111 1506 2585 ha. .. ,, ,. 1960 0 8 01 17 ,7

3,7 .,bl.1:6, .. . ,, ,, ,. , 7 27 7 0.0 1969 7,2170

71.,7.pl 1011 1,123 57 . , , . , 956 ~ "163 21 2.2 1969 2,160

. Y2,7033 1,21.7 1L.1.8 . .... .. 96 . 5 01 1970' 2,16700

C1l111 01.-,~, 00 5 1.0 1966"I11 .1 19 5. 19 .. .. -.. 16 160 16 0.2 1970 96,163i

.. 8.370 ... , , -32 10 0.0 1969 2,320,56 31.. 3.11 0 2 7..1.1.16 22.0 089 5 6.7, 1970 2,07010

.11111,80 2,016 17.1.4 . .... 5. 99 33 13 06 17,6

5:11 ~0227 7,600 1.9.9 0. a .. ... ,,. x4 77 61 0.9 1970 7,1.O,61,1.570 636 (..;,5.3 7. , 152 ~ 3 12 1.1 1970 2,2790

11.523 .. . . . ... .30 2 ,2 1970 2 7')90,111 .70 05 6. . ,. .. .. 15 15 2 0.0' 96 1,yo

h.,61132 2,301 5. 0.1 ,, .. .. 1960 .1. 1 0.1. 1570 2,170

00,1156,510 is.597 532:L . 2.6 5. 3,0 1963 31. 1.3 0.3 1970 2,2.1.010L ,011019 1,701. '. . . . . 1961 ... .. 0. 1960 2300,660 1,617 3. 1.. 1. 74.6 7.7 196 'o 32 0 ,I96 ,6

7'.309 03 139 ... .. ,. ... 160* 76 7 0. 970 5,1t90- VII 519 135 53 .1 .. .. .. ... 1967 o,1 10 1970 206

29,570 10.670 36.; .. . 195 91. 19 2. 1969 2,020

110., 0.9111 It 21,000 1,619 29.7 ... , 965 0-8131 1,1.d6. SP 110 26.1./A 7.0/d 55.7 61.0 12.1 1956 07 101. 16 1. 1960..

1.g ,15 1,699 12.. 1.46.1 9.5 3.7 1.5.1 1971 120 16 6.6 1970 2,3705,50~5)1,123 101,6'26 33.5 9.) 3.1. 72.0 10.0 1971 10 .) 56 a 125a 1.1. 1970 1,0A~~~.1119,30 66,501. 58031 7.1 5.6 61.0 3.0 i197.. 71 12 22 1970 1.7&;Z

10, 6111767 3,351. 3.,6 2.7 2.8 799 9 .1 1962 7310. 22 21970 2,230Rpbb, l9111 It 3009 3197 320.0? 13.1 3.5 10.5 19.7 1972 1, .1 .5 1970 7.0

303 ... J. . . .. .. -5 0.2 1970 2,01.006..1 601 1,66 3,716 3:8,36t 0.7 6.3 1.7.5 17.) 1967.6M0 31. 2.0 197 2,7

61200 5,166 19. 1.9 0.0 93.7 2.3 19613 7 1. 1969 2'3P.11 ~ 30,11 17,15. 1. 2. 50.0 20, 1971 1 16 36 196 2,203791100.0 '520 ML O). ;" ll... . ... 0... 19661 ~ 66 9 ..

072190..37,919 15,736 11.510 11.4 6.5 530 13. 170 11210. 45 20.5 1960 2,0004001ou.p-r 2,610 701 33. 139 6.6 7.7 306 99 105 1.7 a.3 1970 212Sri E010. 3,19 27 32.7 9. .. 17.7 10.3 1967 35 1A 1. 1970 2.1701

T...037.210 17, 670 02.7 3.2 2.0 01.1. 5.2 1970' ,oo/ 0 13 1,6 1968 2.21092.01., 0690611. fi 10.09 7,521. 40.0 ... ... .. .. 16 - ' 10 20 36 1969 2,0

077114.586 ... ... .. . .. ,, -22 6 0.5 1mo 2,2"30141,1.3 3,1333 21.7 6.. 12 1. 12 19066 61i 7.0 1770 1,9

61.0 1"270 1.3.2(61.6) 13.7 (13.5) 4,8 1.0a 29.1. 1960 (1972) 83 56 2.2 197 2,16Z,p±, A-b .. , .. .r 31,06 162508 0. 12.9 6.0 45.0 16.5 1966 70 33 7.1. 197 2,9010

511.0 168 2.153 1.2 21.1. "1, 7 0.0 31,1 1976 98 75 12.5 1970 2,99010.

0,975 3,.61 38.6 16., 6.1. 10.) 29.1. 1972 12 60 61.2 1969 7,9001001.1 26 00 38,0 21.3 0.6 22.2 31.7 196. 101 00 9.1 196 2,900

311 29,700 0.991 30.2 16.7 2,0 1.13 26.0 1906 62 26 3.1 1970 2.030211 ,700 3,0080 39.0 !, 5 ., .... 1957 69 2) 5.0 1970 2,5(9.62, 970 1, 152 36.0 1085 7.1 31.2 27.5 61900 10) 77 13.2 1970 M.101

3,1 ,5 190 7. 90 71 3. 927600 71. 56 17. 1969 2,930102,300 51.5 72.6~ 0.1 4.7 Id:L20. 1961 1,.6 70 30 .2 2' 1969 2,)

2,0. .. .. .. .. ,. .. - 13. 1.0 16,.o 17 236

01.370 12 2.5 21.6(20.0) 17.0 7.3 32,0 1767(1973) 908 35 5.7- 1969 2,0911115,379 1,306 28.0 7.7 7.0 51.1. 19.2 1971 .. 5) 12 1.2 1970 2,230

9,716 3.760 3.7 70. 13.0 572i 19,60 627010 1 9 65 . 90 280)20.1.70 11,095 51,2 16.1. 12.2 55.1. 17.5 1966 109 62 9.9 1970 3,1

31,003 61,0667 31./ 2. 5. 205 32.0 1970 03 17 0.1 197 2,7806,509 1,010 2. 11.1. 3.6 56.5 22.5 135a 00 39 0. ..70 2,4.50

70.,.5.215 1,361. 21.1 4'0 .7 70.9 32.1 19.60 107 2.20 2.246 1770 2,20036,360 16:,0 W.4.1 0.. 6 69.0 11.1. 1970 1in 2 7'0 1970 2,760

T..,..,, 0.b 06p. It 5,707 .. . ..5. . . - Oa .6 0.0 1970 1,9102..,P.P.1l, 669. t 1,170 567 06 7.?. . . 199 183:1 6 13 0.0 1770 2,2

ZOg,..,,0,721 0,972 4.3.3 17.7 8,6 1.30 24.3 1973..5L: 91. 45 15.3 1970 3,1.01

35 -

lolL) (o PC, .) -

____Aa,! ~ 1ss n.so6ra foot s hlt~ Y. , dln.i 1-rt[co eod on Tid os oO JC2J21~2.

CsU0 (3) (1,5 (5) (65 (7U) ; () t) C. (12) (13) 04()st~.Vo- 23,565 3.6 .31.6 25.1 13.6 1/., 11. 8 1..6 1,970.0) - 11, 13.8 197. 3,a,o.95,1435 31, 253 31.7 17.9 10.(3 ,. 15.0 1971 .. 13C' 27 5.3 1970o?:'123 37 29.13(3..) 13.1 I .6 4!9.7 13.15 5-6. n.7 1 22 1. " 19613..C 1 9,925 2,91,9 29.5/1 23.2 7.1, 19.3 33.5 WI7 ... 119 21' 9.3 1970 L,.

Cc'l's1ia 22.321, 6,563 25.1, 32.8 6.5 1,.1 17.1, 1965,.. 9 5 21 5.5,/c 196138,5R'oa1I.. 1,725, 525 29.6 11.5 6.5 1,7.2 16.1, 1963 ... 112 29 10.1, 1970 2, 20"

rl-lIcan- R3o-abll3 4,119, 1,157 25.1 6.7 2.83 30.13 9.5 1971 ... 107 19 5.3 1920 2 0s6'.E-.ad.r 6,350 2,029 32.2 11,.L 3.1, 57.3 15.13 I1962 ... 15 25, 6.5 1969 39yr-1Savdor 3,671' 1,361 37.0 8.2 3.2 1,6.1, 11.5 1971 ... 90 113 3.1, 1970 5,11504G-ot-sal 5,1`313 1,729 31.8 11.5, 1,.2 61,.5 16.54 196, .. 59 12 3.6 1970 2 0~~

GY 732 4,13 31.2(2(.ss) 19.1(35.1) 13.5 32.3 19.6 1961 (I965) .. 99 522 1. 1970)10 _H., IS 1`.315 2A131, 56.13 4.9 1.0 133.6 5.5 1954.5 ... , 1, 0.1, 1966 113ossa.2,610 786 30'.1 7.13 3.1 65.9 30.2 1961 .. 1,3 10 1.6/a 1970 2,1!!3,90 771, I1,.7 13.7 1,.7 35.7 213.6 1560 4. lic 20 30 9022lrio.o31,1 95 28.0 13.8 9.9 213.2 2.1,. 1967 . 1 363 5 6.516 1970

Nol'52,1,22 11,,05,9 26.e 16.7 8.1 313.0 21 .3 1970 /d101, 2 3 5.13 1950 2,62.kit-oL-aod "till'..e 2213 21 3122.) 25.13 12.1 1.7 313.1 1960 326 65 0.0 1966..NloS sa2,0185 64,1 3.9j, 12.0i 6.1 1,67 21.91 1971 . 1120/0 u'. S/ 19710 3,7

3,1,I76 0 31,.2j ~ 8.0 8.1, 37.2 213 1970 ... n10 5,2 6.6 1920 21P.2, 1,513 791 32.2 15.1 I,.t, 51,.5 15.2 1962 .. 93 .17 3.7 1970 2,6611lbt 1,,010 1,4113 31.5 13.2(l1,.0) ,.8 1,9.1 17.5 1961 (1 967) .. 115 1,1 10.6 1970 2,2fdorv13.,2,760 696 25.2L6 19.5 18.1 6.6 1,1.7 1973 . 116 71 27.1, 1970 2,5311Salos1,1 U23 27.1, 13.9 11.7 22.9~ 27.1. 196), ..

2... I. I..?rlnlua-d 2ol Tobago 1,030 316 33.6A36.3) 11.7(19.6) 9.2 191.6 25.1, 196,, (1971) . 1.2 2.9 1969 2, 36'Urtisa 12,921 1,1136 39.2 21.6 6.1. 17.7 27.9 1963 50.4, 1113 56 8.9 19613 2:76055jaa,s. 0.1 .33 3.3/h. 18.6 10.7 19.6 21,.5 1971 .. 93 313 13.8 2 39u..13Le:12;730 5,31,7 42,3,s3d 22.9 16.6 7.6 31.5 1971 10 131 17.0 1966 3.111A7,,60 3,551 hf. y~.8 19. a., , s. j.1 .o72 . 105, 90 12.0 1970 3 2/.

8.1t,9,710 5,719 jd:1.2u1.6) .,1, (31.75 10,.6 7.1, 39.1, 1961 (1972) .. 81a 613/, 10.7 197U33156C. od. 21,603 3,381 'a.

1/ 21.1 22.13 6. 27.1 193.. l 6 66 903,2o

r-n-ks 1,,560 2,267 1 213.7 527.0) 11.1 51.6 32.0 1965 (1972) .. 913 87 113.0 19710 3 25t541F--o, .51,250 21,065, 50.1 25.8 (26.3) 14,.1 15.3 31,.6 19613 (1972) 1,702.3 1113 73 15.9,/c 1970 3, ' 041Fovso,Pd. R,Iubio of 61,290 29,235 4,7.7(441.6) 36.15313.9) 10.7 13.5 313.5 1961 (1971) ... 132 65 113.0- 1970 3,190v1

Iaty 51,,07i5 20,550 38.51(7.1,) 31.1/k .13.3 21,.8 35.9, 1965 (1972) . 107 17213029.Jjasn 1013,660 53,1,81 51.1 25.6- 1555 113.9 31.1 1970 ... (I 9K. 15.6 1970 25./

ioeb'r6339 132 39.Ct/d -37/d 13.7 1.1 371 36 .. 6 1 .3 1703216Nut,5,-l.ads 13,190 I3.801 36.1, 29.9 12.3 I'5.8 36.2 1960 ... 102 79 19.6 1970 3 20'v0No, Zolod 2,850 1.092 38.3 26.6 (23.6) 16'.1 13.1 31,.7 1966 (1972) ... 102 613 25.016 1970 3109

loay3,900 1,529 39.2(3133) 2Ss.9 17.9 11.6 29.1, 1972 713.5 105 86 15.8 1970 2,97;11S-ode 13,110 3,601 h4a1.5/ 28.6 22.9, 7.7 31.5 1972 ~ ... 97 102 15.1, 1970 2,1P37067S,aIt ... ad 6,320 2,926 1,6-3Th6.2) 39.7 (1,8.3) 10.1 11.5, WA.1 196 (1970) ... 101, 61 13.7 1970 3,IWM15U.Itod Ki066d5 55,910 26,051, 16.6/k 31,.8 12.7 3.5 39.3 1966 1.10 72 9. 13b 1970 3,1 &VlOn) ted Stot., 207,050 831,4,76 1,oA13: 23.6 22.1, 3.5 31,.2 1972 2,735.0 109 103 5,9.2 1970

3,l'd

A, 1968. Li 51363.33b 19167. 1)k 19137.Ic 11369. 11 51965.1d 11366. 197Z.L. 1962 IA 1966-683an,eIf Inolod-n Baogadcl. Jo 19367-693oe,cft 1960. Is 1963-65 acao/h 1961.. Lq 1966 a-rao/1 51970. /0 1967 noae

0* Entad We,00 Mt.lynsa -ahiacd.

Nooc: 5. 5AbacE - Ca5oa" 1 rofer. to5.0 Moalofco 0 to 0 (P-r ... Io... tehnca an r!al-d -akssrs), oo I (Ad.sot-toraio- ,sotrod Casg~cs) Olon 6 roon o553oanSlcsnLct o 4 (arnora. fi.h-roo ha--r., 1odger. and o1at.d -*-scr); C.I.-o 7 -ofoco IO110 ... ..cao,atiss-s 7 an 8 (Craftooco. -kdcta-roa ,-e.r -od Sasa.b.-- co,~,o,C, .. lfod) Sit- for on to,otri 1925 d.ta an tota labor fo-c, -r 00t o-olabl., is .tot -nnde. by .. JltSpSYiog prsent of psopo1a-ia in labor f-ss o ;ivo S C,aln 3 (Soc 13115ye.r h.-os In Coltno 6) .nd P.polat.o, fo- 1971, that In. CoS,o- 2 to dorivad fran Coln,1- Iood Calon- 3.

55. Fdtta,- fis float ic-nS prooidea b6,01* Sotrs 0 Lob.s t-oo of loa-olsg (g, e lonseor-yo psrlnary otb-1); t5soo-eraud loveS p-ovid-n o-t-o .od/- Lp,cifled i-L-t-i-Ls.5..,ao,osato hgsobsl oco I iokoS.rttr t,no oal)0hl0h itr Pe '.,dopstsocsayoaaia,a ocvd naoionty coootlIi ,pao,luloIalof p.pilf s p-tr.s .v..utid.te155 offloSol -oh-I age.

151. Ffsspoc-. j, ookco c.0 So I .1 ad S arood0 year- 1355 Poe-otsos- of Column S.

core: CoS.oo .t 000 sODsat So Sa 1375, roSo-. 3. floCsit Y ol,s,sk, 197(5 ood 59724 Colan-, 4-ii 55, I,. ash WAf ia-ssS-Lt.oc ,1972 aod 1923; Coltoaso 9-S3, U51E2CO, ScoriOio -Y rh,jk.1971 a..d 1922; eo,d CoIoon 113. CI, Ss,srI laIab 97

Ao Cl-, -s . stolsol ocof-mo o 'a , -h-i 9 l.

- 36 -

?Pzan'-=;o 'ab' 3 Genera. Czrac:eristics of A..L-,n R-sourcas

Notes on Xducation C :L,; W-2)

EAST AFRICA

Ethiopia - Third level refers to Haile Salassie University only.Kenya - Third level exludes higher teacher training.Mauritius - Second level exludes vocational education.Somalia - Second level excludes private vocational schools.Tanzania - Third level refers to University College of Dar-es-Salaam only.Uganda - First level includes junior secondary schools. Second level includes teacher training at the third level.

Third level refers to University College of Makerere only.Zambia - Second level excludss vocational education.

WEST AFRICA

Equatorial Guinea - Second level excludes vocational education.Ghana - Data for education include public education only. The third level excludes higher teacher training.Guinea - Third level excludes higher teacher training.liberia - First level includes pre-primary education.Sierra Leone - Second level includes teacher training at the third level.

ASIA

India - Third level excludes interoediate and pre-university courses.Pakistan - Third level includes arts and science colleges at the intermediate level.Papua & New Guinea - Data on education are for Papua only and cover Governnent maintained and aided schools only.Philippines - Second level excludes vocational short-term courses.Sri Lanka - In second lev.'l, data for vocational education refer to technical institutes attached to the

Ministry of Education only. The third level refers to university only.Thailand - In second level, data on vocational education refer to public schools and include technical education

at the post-secondary level.

E2~

Afganistan - Public education only.Algeria - Data on education cover public education only.Cyprus - Education data exclude Turkish schools.iceland - First level includes pre-primary education. Second level excludes vocational education.Ireland - Including pre-primary education.Jordan - Education data refer to the east bank only, and include UNRWA schools.Lebanon - Including UNRhau schools.Romania - Second level includes full-time education only. Third level includes evening and correspondence courses.Syria - Education data include UNRWA schools.Tunisia - Public education only.Yemen, Arab Rep. - Second level excludes vocational education.

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

3ritish Honduras - Second level excludes vocational education.Colombia - Including teacher training at the third levelEcuador - First levelincludes primary evening schools.El Salvador - First level includes primary evening schools. Second level excludes teacher training.Guayana - Second level includes data on in-service training of teachers.Jamaica - First level includes senior departments of all-age schools. Third level excludes higher teacher training.Paraguay - First level includes primary evening schools. Second level excludes vocational education.Peru - Education data include evening school.Puerto Rico - Including pre-primary education.Trinidad & Tobago - Education data are fur Government maintained and aided schools only. Second level excludes

vocational education.D!MEC

Australia - First level includes ore-primary and special education. Second level refers to public andprivate technical schools and second-level couPses at colleges of advanced education.

Canada - Data on public high schools which provido both general and vocational aducation are includedwith general educati on.

DerLnark - Second level excludes vocational education.Germany, Fed. Rep. - First level includes new system schools (i.e. schools providing ger'Bral education at both the

first and second levels),Italy - Third level includes out-of-course students.New Zealand - First level includes special education. Data on vocational education are included with general

education.Norway - Beginning in 1968, certain institutions previously shown under vocational and teacher-training

education at the second level are naw classified as education at the third level.United Kingdom - Education data exclude unrecognized schools.United States - First level includes pre-primary education. The figures for this level refer to grades I-VI

and partly grades VII and VIII depending on the organization of junior high schools in thereporting states.

-37

TbJ: A-aiSbili ty of industrial Dat; from ilu'a,ac ju-rs C-o /,.ves,191-,7.

S usra aoy Ep,tyens ha-ousad A ead Cratlty 'A 3,G , ',Casf- ntHbrofWages. and wurked by !rs b'.a Val., Add.1 Growt'h Nat,es e.lctracit'y C',;t'.lScritcio C 'vear Priou tsal:i ot esn,Leazd Nme Slro praie ar ?ri:jc oVauAde Cr.a,I L _T.tL1 N.. of Coontries ~6 S1 79 85 2 34 86 6 6~__EC705

62 70 19 67 da3~.3Easten Africa

Ethiopia C 2 .. 6/,L56 366/ 96,3 6/,i-7n . 6,ai-l6 * .,loaC 6/C . jr. 63,66.-7o.. 63,66-7'. . 6j7&-7 63,c6-7u 63-61,/b ... 67-7..Z;t!:C Li.. 67,68 67,68 67,68" 67,68 67,68 67,66 6i,66 ... 67,66aaa 6 P.C. 66-70G 61,-7, 68-70 66-701 ... 65-7L, 65-7,; ... ... 61'. 7,-artosC 1 H.P. 67,65-7,, 67,65-70, 67,65-7u. 67.69-7u ... 67,65-71, 67,6Y-7'.moz...biq-e C 1 ... 63-,66-70 67,70 67-70 63,66-70) ... 63,66-70 67-7.. .. 6-70

Rhod-sia C 1 F.C. 53.56-7o, ... 53,58-7u 53,56-7u ... 63,65-7u. 53,58-70, 5>,-7u ...Soaia 2 .. 67-lu 67-70-j 67-70 67-7u ... 67-70 67-7o ....So,dan 4 P.C./c . . . 66-70 .. 66-70 66-lu....SwaZland 6 3 J .P.- 67,66.. 67,68" 67,68.. 67,68 67,6.9.. ... 64,Tazni 3 F~.C. 66-69 66-69 66-69 66-69 69' 66-69 66-69 .. 6-., 66-6,'Ugnda B 3 F.C. 63-69 63-69 67,66/b 63-69 ... 63,65-69 63-69 . . ..Zar C 5 ... 68 68 ... 68' ..-. 68 68Zambia C 1 M.P. 63,66-65 . 63,66-69 63,66-69 .. 36-63 36-5.. . ~ t.,Wost... Afri-,

Ghana A Vif M.P./d 6

3-6

7,66-

60)/a,70 63-68,69/6,7b 63-68,70 63-68,7u, ... 63,66-70 63-70 ... 6...,moraccia c j71 ... 67,68/b,6s0 67,68A,69 ... 67-69/b ... 67,66/b,69 67,68/b,69 61-7u 6...6Aie.ria c 3 M.P. 63-65 63-69 63-6y 63-69 ... 63,657- 63-69- ... ... 6,Ea-t As,ia and Pacific

China, Repab1lc of /J.. 1 ... 66-69 66-69 66-69 66-69, 66-69 66-69, 66-69 58-69 66-6~ 611-6.,1.93.9 C I M4.P. 68,1', . '5," 68,7u... 8.t 68.10 7600"g Kong A 6 ... 63-70 ... 63-70........Korea, Re-public of 8 2 M.P. 56,60-70 586L,6-7L. 63,66-7.., 56,60,63,66-7t 6 63,65-'7t 53.56-7-.6-s .. 6,./, 4/a ,-7.Mala.ysia, East: Sabhl 2 ... 67-69 67-65 67-69 67-69 ... 67-63, 67-69 .malaysia, East, Saa'~cC 1 ... 67-65 67-65 67-69 67-69 6s 67-69 6t-69~ ... 65, 6,Malaysia, west C 5 F.C. 55-70 63-65 61-7U 60-70 ... 67-7u 60-7u . . a':Papu Ne- Guinea C, 2 ... 67-7U 67-70 67-70 67-70 ... 67-7u 67-7;oPhilippines C 2 ... 58-7u 63-70 58-66,68-70; 56-70 ... 66-70 58-66,68-70 56-'.,6i5-1&'..Singapore C 3 F.C. 63-70 63-70 63-70, 631-7u . 63,65-7'.. 63-7u 66-7i, 63,66-?., 6-3-1.Thailand C 3 M4.P. 63,67-70 63,67-70, 63,67,68-69/b 63,67-69, ... 63,67-65 63,676 6,-65 ... 6,16Western Sn:oo A 1 P.C. 68 68 68 68 ... 66 668. ... 6:1

Soati. Asia1ndia A 3 P.C. 59-67 59-67 .. 5!,-67 66 66-67 57-67 53,58-70 ...IrnC 1 ... 63-68 63-68 63-68' 63-66 ... 63,65-68 63-68

60-

61/A,

62-70 ... 63-.1"Pai.t-sa C 3 Mi.P. 58,60,64-68 ... 58,60,66-68 58,60,66-68 ... 63,65-68 58,6u,61,-68 .Sri Lanika C 1 ... 63-70 66-7J 63-67 63-67 . ... 65-70 65-7u 58-66,-67-7y/-b

elgeiaC 2 F.C. 66-69 616-68 64,-63 614-69 66-68 66-69 64-66,6.. . 60i,R6cyrsC 2 F.G. 63-69 63-70 63-7u 63-70 .. 65-70 63-70 62-70 66-70 6-j/Egypt- C 1 ... 58-62,6t-68 58-62.64-68 58-62,64-68 67-66/6 67:68/b 67-68 67-68 57-69,70/9 65/a 61 6,Gre-c C 1 P.C. 56-61,63-69 58-61,63-65 58-61,63-69 56-61,63-69 ... - 63-69 56-61,63-69 53,58-7Cr 63--6, 6j,,6U6- CIraq C 3 ... 63-65-69 67-69 63,65-69 63,65-69 63,65-60 63,65-69 67-69 .. 67-6.9Irelad C' 1 F.C. 53,58-65, 63,67-69, 53,58-69 53,58-69 ... 63-69 5,66535-70 .. 5,cLIsalC 2 Mi.P. 58-70 63-70 58-70 58-70 ... 65-7u 58-70j 55,58-7u 63,65-7, 56-I..Jor-dan C 3 F.C. 63-69 63-69 63-67 63-70 ... 63,65-69 63-70) ..... ,' ,'.i6-6t

Kuwait C' 1 , 67-69 ... 67-69 67-69 68,69 67-69 67-69 ... 67-6 7tyaArbepofC 6 F.C. 66-70 66-7u 6b-70 66-70 ... 65-7u 66-70?. . 64,-itMat .P. 63-71 63 -70 63-70 63-70 .... 63,65-7C' 63..667 6.6568.3Portugal C' 1 F.C. 53,58-70 63-70 58-69 58-70, 63,65-70 63.65-7u 5;,65-70 58-70 63,65-7. 53,5.2-67,6,South Africa C 1 P.C. 53,58-66,68 53,58-6h,68 63-6i,,66,68 53,58-64,66,68 .. 63-66,66,68 53,58-66,66,68 53,96-73..62IJ666Spain C 1 M.P. 58-59/9,6o-70j 63,64-70 58-59/b,60-7u 56-59/6,60-7U 63-70 63-71.. 63-7u 53/b.58-70 63-70, 66-li,Syrian, Araib Rep. of C 1 M4.P. 67-7t0 67-70 . 67-7u ... 63,6,1-70 636,65-70 T2-70 .unsaC I . 63-70u 63-70 63-7u 63-70; ... 63,ti5-7L- 63-70 .. 66-70u 63,6-'.uroC 3 HP. 5,-6 636-68 53,58-69 53,58-65 65-6iy 63,65-69 53,58-69538-6770b 3,-69 5,0,Ye-,, Dhonocrtic Republic C 2 M.P. 67-70 ... 67-7u 67`1', ... 67-70L ....YuolvaD 5 ... 591-7u 58-7u ... 6-7u ... .. 870 587 7-7.'-3./

38

T.t-e I, (cootin-d)

louiril elo- e,iocs anhsrsad Average (,uanLity of Gr-, Plr-dClsii etNuber of Wageo and wor,ked by Gross, Wbtput V.I.. Adde,d Grsu~th Ruteu Electricity Call,sl,. Ye, tI.e-nation Cover-e Price Etstblishe,-Lts Persons Engaged !Iub,br Salaries operative Cu'rrent Prig-n of Value Adde-d Consaud 1ur. i,--,

CLIe.tr' Aneriga and Caribbga-C..,a n1a *... 2 ..

63,

6 8/A 63,68 63,68 6),Cb ... 63,6b 63 63,66 63,613

e,nanRoput!lir 2 .. 5j3,5 A7u 63,66-68 53.58-6t. 53,58-6- .. 6_65-67 53,58-67 60-56,65-6y .El Salvador C 2 --- 63-7u 63-7i, 65-70 63-70 ... 63,651-70 .*58-70 68-7oGuatenala B 2 ... 65,68 65,68 65,68 66 65 68 65,68' 60-7G 65,6b 65,608Haiti A I ... 70 ... 70 70 ... 70 70..H.ndar.. C 2 M.P. 53,58-68 53,58-68 63,65,68 53,58-68 ... 63,60 53,58-68 60-7u 63,68 63Jae,iea B 3 F.C. 63,15.', ... 63,65 63,65 ... 63,65-611 63,65-68 ... 63,66-6HL~Mexico 0 5 M.P. 6,3 -7 -Z. 63/k,66-69A, 63-71/b 63-70Z/b ... 63/b,65-70/b 6i,-7ib 58-70(' 67-70A/ 63-7uLbPanam a 2 M.P. 58-70 63-70 58-To' 58-To 657-TI 6T-_7~. 58-7TI 58-T0 67-To7 58-TuPuerto Rico C, I ... 63,67-TI ... 63,67-TI, 63,67-7u 63,67-70 .. ...Trin,idad and Tobago C 3 .. 55-Wb/,66-7u 59-6h/b.66-68 63/L6.6-70 59-61/6,66-65 .. 66-6, 53, 58'62,6&656 ... .. 66-6;-South Pa,erica

1retia0... 67-6Vb L,.. 67-65,/b 67-65/b .. .1561.-7uolia5 1 . 66-08- 66-68' 66-68" 66-68- ... - 66-68 67-68 60-68 16-68 66-68"B-aei C 1I . 53,58,59,62,66-69 53,58,59,62-6!5 53,58,51i,62-61. 53,58,59,61-65 ... 63,65-69 53,58,59,61-69 53,58-TO 63,65-65 53,58,59,63-69Chile C 3 M.P. 63-67 63,66-67 63-67 63-67 63,65-67 63,65-67 63-67 58,70 63,65-67 63-67Colenbia C 2 F.C. 53,58-69 63-65 53,58-6!5 65-69 63,65-69 53,58-69 53,58-69 - 53,58-70 63,65-69 63-69Scad-r B 2 .. 63,66-7U 63,66-7o 63,66-70 63,66-7/0 ... 63,66-To 63,66-70 60-To 63,66-70 63,66T70Peru C 2 M.P. 63-65 63-70 .. 63-69 ... 65-69 63-69 53,58-70 66-68 63,65-69Uruguay C 1 M.P. 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 61-70 68 68DSEC

16 17 6 10 1)77 18Auntralia C' 2 P.C. 5358-70 95-70 R53,5-6 T3,58-70 8. 6-7 0 53,58-TO 33,58-705AI7Aastr-Ia A 1 H.P. 63-70 65-70 63-70 69-70 .. 63-70 63-68/b,69-7u 58-70 63-:69 63,65-70Bolgium C' 5 P.C. 53,58-T0 .53,58-70 61-70 61-70 ... 53,58-70 53,58-70 ... 53,58-TOCnada C I P.C. 58-70 63-70 58-70 58-70 63'-70 6.3-70' 58-70 58-70 66-70 60-73Denmrk C 2 P.C. 63-70 63-70 63-70 63-70 63-70 63-70 63-70 58-65 63-65,70 63-70Finland C 2 F.C. '5h.50-70 63-70 56,58-713 56,58-70 63-70 63-70 5h,58-70 58-70 63-TO 59-70FPu-ae D 5 P.C. ... 63-70A - 63-70/b ... ... 63-70Vib 58-70 63,65-70 63-7o/L0e.-ny'; aede. al -Re.01 L. 3 m.7. ;3&,58-62,b,63-7o 63-To 53A,-,58-6Z:j5,,;-70 ;3/A,58Z'b (-7C 53-7Z, 63-7: 53,587-9,70/. 58-TO 63-7:- 63-.-9Tal.y D ,. ... 53,58-70 67-70 5jY,Si-6Zj,6

3-70 67-70 6T-70 53,58-TO 58-70 63-70 63,65-70Japan C' 1 ... 53,58-70 63-7o 53,58-70 r3,58-70 ... 63-70 53,58-70 58-70 63-67 58-70L,xesbourg C I& P.C. 53,58-70 63-70 53,58-10 53,58-70 66-70 63-70 53,58-70 53,5-70 .. 53,58.70Netherlands C I P.C. 63 63-70 53,58-70 53,58-69 .. 63-65 53,58-69 53,58-70 63'-70 53,58-70Ne.. 2eaand C 1 P.C. 52 58-69,70& 52,58-

69,7OLb 63.69 52 58-69,70Lb 63,67-69,70/b 63-69,70/b 52,58-69 5a-70 ... 63-69,70~/b

No.rwa C 1 P.C 53,58-70 63-70 53,58-70 531,58-70 63-70 63-70 53,58-70 58-70 63-TO 53,58-TO.ednC 2`.. 370 63-70 6-063-70 6-70 63-70 63-70 5-063-70 63,66-70Switno.rland C 2 P.C. 63,65-70 63,65-70 ........ 63,67 60-70Uhvited Kingdou 0 1 ... . - ... 63-70- 63-70 'O.. . 58-06-70 63-70"

United Stat-s C 1 P.:C-/h ... ... 53,58-70 53,58-70 63-To 63-70 51,58-70 53,58-70 63-67 53,58-70CPEC 7 A1 6 551 . 6 6,3ai ' 5 ..-. 60-70 63,65-70 60.70 60-70 63-70 .... 53,58-70 673-70 62-7-0CocolvkaC. 5 ... 63-70 63,65-70 63-70 63-70 66-70 63-70' 66-70O 60-70 63-70 63,65-70

Ge--ay, Dem.cratic Rep.. of C' I F.C. 63,66-67,68-70&b ... 63,66-67,68-70/b 63/6,66-70/b ... 63,66-67,68-7OLb ... 60-70 6V/b,6 6

-70Lb 63/b,65-70LunryC, 1 P.C. 63-70 63,65-70 53,58-70 5,338-70 - 63-70 63-70 58-TO 58-70 '37 87

Poland C, 1 H.P. 60-68,70 60-70 . ... 63-70 63,6h-65A,66-70 63,64-65&,66-69,70/b 58-70 63-70A 63-645/,66-68,69L87t1Rumaia C' ... 63-69 63-69,70Z- 63Z-b.65-7 0L 63/5,65-68/b .... ... 58-70 63Zb,65-70,b 6 3 -7 ObFJS C .C. 6-0a..., 5,8-70 53,58-70

63L.,

6 6L.,

67-O 6/66-O .. 53,58-7U

Novt-a, A -The .,rigtoal data -er in ISIC (Rev 1Ior R-v 2).B -The or&ig.In data ier t ISIC (Rev.1-o Re., 2) .ubjent ta .ome miorqaliia-oC - The or,iginal dat. wee 8o oainl,daralcanfcta which i:. copara,ble with ISIC (Rev. I or Rev. 2)C.'- The original data wer In national ndutrial claif icao which I8.. no trictly comparable to ISIC (Re-. I or Rev-. 23, bat i. adjosted to repreweot. ISIC (Re.- I orRev 2)D - The origiosI data were to national industrial... cltifatitao which cam hardly be recooctied with ISIC (Rev. I or Re.. 2)

V/ Zi.-utin.od alte 157w od!itis of Lhc sourc../aDeta avaiable for suoatrs(total), ht not for sub-sato-. LDIEC - Leon Developed EconceO Countrie..at, avilable formnfcue(u-etr) but oat for total. SNEC - Dveloped Ma.rket EconosO CoutriesT6 GOro output In producers' vausad value added in factor vle.CPEC -Centrally Plannd Econcos Countries7d Value added i,, producer. aus but there i no mention of groom output.7~30 or sore perons engaged.,~50 or more perons (For 1563 and 1567 establishents with 5 or morepesn)

For 1970 esaloaet ith 20 or more person engaged./ Value added in F.C., but there i. no nntion of groom output.

Covers all eotablilabent. with 50 o .rmr employee: an 50% of those with 10-50 employee.

M.P. M-*Hrbt Pu-ic-P.C. -Factor Cost.

-Not available.

Souce UN, Growth of Wdrid Todunit Vol. I, 1971 and earlier editions.

-39

TableS5 : Gross Value Added in Manufacturing in Sele ctedC6nre,- D 6-n

(at current prices in million US$)Couintries 122~ 1958 1960 1963 191 96 96 1967 16 199 1970 1971

Argentina /a ... ... 3,180 3,1470 1,121 14,691 14,7314 14,797 5,128 5,8514 5,9814 6,361Argentina 7T*. 3,180 3,887 * 5,019 * 6,053 * 5,538 * 14,822 5,151 6,367 * ....Brzl165 *2311 * .. 5,1452 * 3,569 * 14,712 7,177 * 7,081 * 7,192 * 8,263 * ....Chile ... *.766 927 * 1,116 * 1,257 * 1,2914 * ..China, Republic of .. . .. ... ... ... 563 775 961 1,J.141Colombia 597 * 1448 * 6914 * 971k 1,122 * 863 1,0214 * 936 * 1,030 * 1,213 * 1,272* 1,2Costa Rica 52 ... 79 -a 714 93 76 1ll 125 1140 157 1832 201Greece ... 288 335 6149 -509 867 9814 1,0146 1,189 1,372 1,636India ... ... 2,278 3,329 3,7147 3,662 *2,939 3,067 3,285 .. .Iran ... ... 530 589 687 731 9014 1,002 1,152 1,304 1,497Israel ... 391 55* 605 716 822 835 * 753 562 1,11414 1,3214 * 1,317Ivory Coast /c ... 38 * 143 89 1ll 614 71 79 95 * 112 200 * 250Kenya . ... ... 614 77 814 914 96 98 127 135 162Korea, Republic of 238* 520 * 515 * 472* 258 * 411* 578 7714 1,0714 * 1,395 1,750 * 1,846Malaysia ... .. 89 132 159 188 212 209 252 282 383 * 433Mexico ... . 2,7214 3,607 14,359 14,925 5A1514 6,072 6,906 7,698 ....Pakistan ... 214 3214 629 769 850 931 998 .. 1,007..Peru ... ... 589 690 803 91414 7146 1,074 1195 1,303 1,396

Piipns... 708* 19 * 700 718 738 794 960 1044 1,229 * 95 1,115CSingapore ... ... ... 93 99 118 1141. 1614 207 290 365 * 14814Spain ... . .. 2,823 3,557 14,0314 4,1489 * 4,141 14,1400 5,2214 5,853 6,981Thailand ... ... 315 1459 1495 563 6145 304 460 459 1,038..Tunisia ... ... 78 87 * 122 103 131 1214 1142 153 161 * 187Turkey 216 739 * 659 737 895 1,286 1,1451 2,000 2,252 2,065 * 2,1455..Venezuela ... ... 1,5141 2,016 *2,200 1,891 1,967 2,119 2,282 2,1431 2,1406 * ..Yugoslavia .. 593 878 1,2614 1,711 2,059 * 2,386 2,14014 2,711 3,110 3,822 * 3,O4Japan 14,692 8,820 13,987 214,9214 28,308 30,558 35,600 141,623 149,371 57,081 75,716 * 90,969

/a At 1960 constant prices.Tb At current prices (source: U.N. National Accounts Statistics, Vol. I, 1970).7c 1965-1969 figures are not comparable with earlier years or later years due to the difference in sources. The 1965 to 1969 data aretaken from the Bank Report No. AW-28, Vol. 1, June 1971, those of later years from 296-IVC, December 114, 1973, and thiose of earlieryears from the Report No. AF-61a, July 1967.

* Values in domestic currencies will not have the same relative change because they are not affected by devaluation and revaluationof the exchange rates.

Notes: 1) Most values are in factor cost. For some countries the later year's data may be at factor cost, whereas theearlier year's may be at market prices.2) Entire data are obtained frcm the industrial censuses/surveys and not fran the national accounts.3) The exchange rates given in U.N. Statistical Year Book were used for converting local currency into U.S. $

Sources: Same as for Table 17.

Lo10

Table 6: Indurtr1p] Production Index for 60-)yL9 and Gross Value Addedin Manufacturing in B2a Year. 3.16

Base YearValue AddedL - 196 1961 -1962 1961. 1965 1966 l%7 1968 1969 1970 1971Country (1) (2) (3) (1.) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

*Agra243 133.14 139.6 97.7 104..3 102.2 104.3j 109.9 121.1 124..5 14.0.6..Argentina .. 100 10 05 115.0 135.0 136.0 138.0 11.8.0 16h.0o 172.0 184.0Australia (1961, 100) 9,71h 79.0 ... ... 100.0 108.0 111.0 115.0 120.0, 128.0 135.0 139.0Austria ... 90.0 9)1,0 96.0 -1o8.o- 112.0 317.0 118.0 127.0 I2. 151.0 14.*abds8 77.7 93.3 100.0 102.2 100.7 102.2 118.5 125.9...Belgium 3,594. 88.0 87.0 93.0 107.0 110.0 ll14.0 116.0 1214.0 138.0 1b14.0 148.0Bolivia .. 86.o 83.0 105.0 131.0 155.0 216.0 234..0 236.0..Brazil 5,152' 84.o0 93.0 100.0 105.0 100.0 1-12.0 115.0 13. 180 11.Begra..72.0 80.0 90.0 110.0 127.0 1U.0.. 163.0 180.0 197.0 217.0 238.0*Bra11. 74.6 80.7 81.7 88.6 100.9 96.5 91.2 101.8 103.5 1u6.1 114.9

-aCajueroon (1965=100) 77 ... ... . . 100.0 103.0 108.0 118.0 125.0 131..0 138.oCanada 11,910 83.0 86.0 91..:0 110.0 119.0 128.0 131.0 14.0.0 11.9.0 10..0 156.0*Central African Republic 11.. .. . 110.6 124..6 135.1 11.8.1 163.3 196.2 225.2..Chile 766 80.0 86.o 94..0 105.0 1.10.0 118.0 117.0 -1-17.0.. 122.0 121.0China, Republic of . 72.0 -82.0- 91.0 122.0 14.6.0 169.0 200.0 21.6.0 292.0....Colombia 974. 83.0 88.0 95.0 106.0 112.0 120.0 124..0 133.0 11.3.0 151.0 164.0*Costa Rica 71. 79.1.4 . ... 109.3 317.5 131.0 11.39 157.5 170.5Cyprus 32 ... ;;.97. 98.0 311.0 124..0 .11.3.0 155.0 168.0 183.0 203.0oCzechoslovakia . 83.0 9.5.0 101.00 104..0 13.30 122.0 131.0 138.0 11.6.0 158.0 184.0Denmark 1,662, 87.0' 91.0 99.0 112.0 -120.0- 122.0 126.0 130.0 14.5.0 11.9.0 153.0Dominican Republic 169 88.0 79.0 97.0 106.0 83.0 101.0 108.0 104..0 121..0 144.0 159.3Ecuador 80 76.0 87.0 88.0 121.0 131..0 11.6.0 168.0 181.0 199.1 217.0 241.3El Salvador . 75.0 77.0 p.5.0 130.0 159.0 162.0 187.0 179.0 188.U 2061.0 214.0)*Ethiopia 66 - 72.1. 77,8 89.1 116.0 134..0 156.0 181.0 208.0 235.0 2361..].Finland 1,4.1. 83.0 91.0 96.0 107.0 11L5. 0 120.0 125.0 132.0 150.0 166.0 166.0Franca ... 84.0o 89.0 -9.5.0- 107.0 108.0 117.0 121.0 127.0 11.2.0 151..0 162.0Germany, Democratic Rep. . 85.0 90.0 96.0 107.0 113.0 120,0 128.0 136.0 11.5.0 151..0 163.0Germaniy, Federal Rtep. 38,821 87.0 93.0 97.0 109.0 115.0 117.0 115.0 129.0 11.70 156.0 159.0'aGhana 272 65.6 75.1 81.0 108.0 104..0 108.0 122.0 14.9.0 163.0 170.0 180.0Greece 633 81..0 85.0 .90.0 111.0 119.0 137.0 14.1.0 151.0 168.0 186.0 204.0Guaatemala . 87.0 91.0 88.0 l01..0 113.0 116.0 117.0 -113.0 126.0 129.0 13.Cuaa2680 79'.0 89.0 93.0 107.0 111.0 120.0 330.0..*Haiti. 35 101..2 97.3 106.9 99.2 100.8 103.6 102.0 101..2 107.1 107.3 114.2Honduras 31 77.0 81.0 .90.0 113.0 127.0 151.0 161..0 182.0 200.0 217.0*Hong Kong 1.21 66.7 80.0 93.3 110.0 123.3 11.0.0 163.3 209. 251.3 273.3 297Hungary ... 77.0 86.0 93.0 108.0 116.0 121..0 134..0 141.0 l141.0 156.0 1653.0*Iceland 1.0 66.2 82.1 99.3 125.5 153.9 159.3 115.0 70.2 83.8 89.5 87.4India 3,321, 77.0 81..0 93.0 109.0 119.0 117.0 115.0 121.0 129.0 135.0 139.0*Indonesia 621 89.8 101.0 102.0 99.0 98.0 100.0 103.1 112.2 128.6 11.0.1 155.0Iran 531 75.0 81.0 92.0 113.0 125.0 139.0 157.0 171..0 195.0 218.0 256.0

aIraq (1960-100) 152 100.0 . . . 120.1. 126.6 131..6 1L.8.9 156.9....Ireland 1.87 82.00 89.0 95.0 1.07.0 113.0 116.0 125.0 138.0 11.8-0 152.0 167._0Israel 605 67.0 77.0 87.0 l11..0 121..0 126.0 122.0 . -158.0- 184..0 202.0 229.:Italy 12,277 75.0 83.0 91.0 101.0 105.0 -118.0o- 128.0 136.0 1141.0 150.0 15.*1vory Coast 72 6h1.] 75.6 82.7 118.6 119.2 136.5 150.0 161.5 175.6 173.117.-Jamaica 110 82.2 86.0 84..8 105.1 108.1 117.8 117.3 121.6Japan 21,782 69.0 83.0 90.0 116.0 121.0 '137.0 164..0 19.270 26.058.*ira 165.0)15 4.5.7 .. ..... 100.0 106.6 104..6 119.9 1,76.5 95.1.4b*Kenya 82 91.9 93.6 96.8 ll1.5 121.0 127.1, 137.1 11.8.1 161.3 171..2 196.8*Khmer Republic 75 80.7 79.0 87.? 110.5 131.6 11.0.1 161..9 1l.7.1. 175.1. 156.1 145.6Korea, Republic of 1.72 72.0 76.0 88.0 107.0 126.0 157.0 201..0 275.0 335.0 390.0 9.-aLibyan Arab Republic 28 . ... 100.0 1.10.0 120.0 11.0.0 160.0 190.0......Luxembourg 171. 102.0 101..0 100.0 111.0 111.0 107.0 -107.0- 115.0 130.0 131.0 131.0*Malaysia (1961rlOO) 158 105.0 100.0 . . 75.6 82.9 90.2 100.0 115.6 129.8 131.8Malta (396h=100) ... . . . 100.0 l14.0 129.0 129.0 11.3.0 162.0 166.0 156.0

Table 6 (coot.inued)- i

Base YearT i 1 on 1960 3.961 1962 19641 3 965 1966 196 1968 ] 6 ~ L iCountr (1 (2) (3) (1)(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (vi) (?

Mexi co .. 83.0 87.0 91. 0 116.0 126.0 138.0 1117.0 161.0o 175.0 189.o I.Morocco 25'7 86.7 g0. 0 95.0 102.0 100.0 106.0o 111.0 115.0 123.0 135.0 lII,Id-*Mozamabique 88 ... ... 93.0 109.0 135.0 153.0 177.0....11. , ,031 87.0 90.0o 95-0 111.0 116.0 122.0 126.0 138.0 153.0 166.0 lii..oNew Zealand i,6O1j 83.0 91.0 96.0 131.0 125.0 133.0 14110 1410.0 1441.0 157.u..*Nicaragua 72 841.0 91.0 96.0 112.0 119.0 123.0 129.0 136.0 1410.0aNigeria 1156 66.14 78.1 99.1 136.1 1416.9 1611.0 165.0 i67.0 220.6 2415.8Norway 1,359 86.0 91.0 95.0 108.0 115.0 121.0 125.0 129.0 136.0 1113.6 4e*Pakist,an 635 70.11 79.6 90.0 111.-3 1 25.-5 139.0 10183 159.6 176.11 201.0 2013.1iPanama 61 51.0 56.0 78.0 101.0 1111.0 126.0 137.0 156.0 162.0 176.u 2(52.0-oparaguay 67 911.0 92.0 99.0 118.0 125.0 127.0 132.0 137.0 136.0 1110.0 ._Peru 589 79.0 87.0 93.0 110.0 -120.0- 139.0 138.0 1113. 1116.o 166. t:.Philippines 779 83.0 89.0 911.0 108.0 111.0 121.0 126.0 137.0 112.0 1112.0Poland . 78.0 87.0 95.0 110D.0 120.0 129.0 139.0 152.0 165.0 180.0 195.'Portugal 85'9 79.0 86.0 92.0 112.0 119.0 127.0 135.0 111.0 1611.0 173.0 /"*Puerto Rico 563 76.11 81.0O 89.:9 109..T2 118.6 130.6 136.2 150.0..Rhodesia (Southern) ... 88.0 91.0 92.0 109.0 118.0 170170128.0 15016.0..bRomania ... 68.0 78.0 89.0 115.0 130.0 1115.0 1611.0 1811.0 203.0 230.0..*Senegal 71 88.0 96.6 96.2 107.2 - 110.6 118.8 126.9 126.11 127.9 133.7 3.Singapore (1966-loo) 138 ... . ... ... ... 1(13.0 11.1.0 131.0 156.0 182.0 ( 21s.South Africa 1,988 77.0 82.0 88.0 107.0 115.0 123.0 132.0 137.0 151.0 159.0 1,Spai-n 2,827 68.o 78.0 -87.0- 113.0 127.0 1441.0 153.0 165.0 190.0 210.021.Sri lanka ... 85.0 89.0 96.0 107.0 1111.0 115.0 ... ...*Surinam 11 72.3 75.3 87.0 911.2 116.8 123.3 330.1 137.0..Swede-n 11,731 83.0 89.0 911.0 109.0 118.0 122.0 125.0 13.0112. 151.0 1k]

Switzerland 41,386 811.0 90.0 96.0 1011.0 107.0 111.0 111.1.0 120.0 132.0 1113.0 1116.11Syrian Arab Republic 123 ... ... 96.0 116.0 127.0 131.0 12-7.0 130.0 153.0 162.0 169.0*Tanzania 111 73.2 90.1 98.6 105.6 119.7 1110.8 156.3 167.6 1811.5 195.8 21 .*Thailand 1113 711.1 81.5 92.6 107.11 126.0 1110.7 155.6 170.11 185.2 200.0 2191.4*Togo (19641=100) 6 ... . ... 100.0 .121.6 1111.0 1112.3 171.7 183.2 187.7 2W1.3*Trinidad and Toba o 83 78.6 85.5 91.8 1111.7 127.2 11s6.3 1511.6 169.3....Tunisia (1966=100 18 811.0 ... . . 97.0 100.0 107.0 112.0 1111.0 120.0O..Turkey 7311 82.0 86.0 87.0 130.:0 14 4.0 176.0 .amUganda 55 811.6 89.7 98.6 102.3 120.5 136.9 1113.9 1116.6 1119.5 152.14.U.S.S.R. ... 77.0 811.0 92.0 107.0 116.0 127.0 1110.0 153.0 1611.0 178.0 189).1U.A.R. (Egypt.) ... 51.0 63.0 76.0 1111.0 121.0 116.0 112.0 1211.0 123.0....Unted Kingdom 30,3411 96.0 96.0 96.0 109.0 112.0 1111.0 111.1.0 121.0 126.0 127.0 126.0United States 191,560 86.0 86.0 911.0 107.0 118.0 130.0 132.0 139.0 1116.0 139.0 3.Uruguay 267 101.0 101.0 101.0 107.0 107.0 109.0 1011.0 109.0 116.0 120.0Venezuela 1,282 79.0 85.0 93.0 1111.0 123.0 121.0 126.0 132.0 136.0 1115.0 156.0

*Viet-Nam, Republic of 172 73.0 79.0 86.0 1111.0 137.0 1119.0 165.0 150.0 1L88.0 211.0 216.0Yugoslavia 21 76.0 81.0 86.0 118.0 128.0 1311.0 1)11.0 1112.0 159.0 1711.0 191.1*Zaire (1964=~100) 200 ....... 100.0 1-11.1 123.5 120.5 111.1 1211.7 111.6 lSii1.4*Zambia 32 78.9g 93.9 93.0 116.8 152.0 162.2 207.7 222.2 207.11 2311.7 251.7

/a Value added is gross of depreciation and may be at factor cost or market prices. The official exchange rates at the end of the base year have been used to convertvalues in local currencies. A country's name is followed by rthe base year, if it is diffLrunt fromi 1963.

An index ni r, pricceded and followed a dashi (- indicates h. p-int, where two scr,es 'iavc been merged.i(ot available!.

* 'sourc'es, i'-low

Sjuros- lj ..N. Tjhi. rowti uf Wtrld. ndstr, Vo.I,17, t arti,r editions an npublished data.2) Countries with asterisk (~: lb_~0, oinc_o conomtc Data Rank..

7atI nvrsin Fakcr ~r ŽCrmar.~ ata 176. 95, 970a.sd 1971Ilatio..at Currency peUS Dollar

131q Conversion F.actor aversee - MF' Exchange Rate (end ye.,C..rVvNe- of 6arn 60 95 17 ,oO:517 1971

Afghanistan Afghani 39.08 71.84 82.98 230.00 4,5.0 1±5. 00 45.00 - officia1 rate1,2.1,9 79.84, 90.13 82.66 - free rate

Algeria Algerian dnar 1.9, 1.9 1.4 4-± 4-.1.9 4.94, 1,55Angola 7acudo. 28.75 28.75 25.751Argen tina Peso ..... 82.70u 188.50 1.00/ 5Coo/tAustralia Autain6 35'',8 0.8,8 4,1,/a 0,.45/a 0.89 0.90

A,stria Scnilling 26.00 26.00 24.93 26.ou, 25.59 25.88 23.71Rarbados East Caribbean $ 1.71 1.71 2.00..Belgium -ranc 50.-00 510.00 4,8.73 1,L.7 1.6, 4'9.68 1,1.765oliv-a Pesrl ... ... .. 6,o .Li 11.88 11.88 11.88

Brazil Cruzeiro.. ... 4. 0.1 ,200 ,95L 5.64Lb

sura Kyat 1.76 1.76 1,.7b 4.78 1.78 1.80 5.4,7causoSIia (Khme- Rep.) Rt-el 35.00 35.00 55.52 ...

'aronFranc C.--.A. 21,6. 21,6.85 277.70 .:.5 21.8 27.1 255.7;9

Canada Canadian S .96 1.08 1.01 0.99 1.07 1.01 1.00CentraOl African% Rep. Franc C.F.A. 21,6.85 21,6.85 277.70 ... ... 277.71 255.79

Chad Franc C.I.A. 21,6.55 21,6.85 277.70 . ... 277.71 255.79haoEscudo ..... 1.~.,5 3.4,7 12.23 15.80

Cunina, Rep. rif H? T 39.85 160.00 1,0.0/s 39.55 10. 10 1,0.10 1,0.10CoobaPeso . ... ... 6.70 13.51 19.17 21.00 - principal selling rate

558 .50 15.28 16.71, - coffee export rateCongo, people's Rep. Franc C.I.A. A'6.85 21,6.851 277..7Q ... ... 277.71 255.79

Costa Rica 0.71000 ... ... ... 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 - official selling rate6.65 . 6.65 8.60 - free market

.y,prus Cy-n± pon o3.36 0.41 .. 036 U.1,2 0..38Carom.ey Franc C.F.A. 21,6.85 21,6.85 277.70 .. 21,6 85 277.71 255.79Z.enmark Kror.e r 6.91 6.91 7.4, .1 6.89 7.1,9 7.06Dominican Republic Peso 1.00' 1.00 1.U0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Ecuador Sucre - - ... 15.15 18.18 25.25 25.25 - official rate

17.50) 18.52 Z. ... - free rate!.gypt- Egyptian pound -.35 0.1,3 0.143 u.35 0.1,3 0.13 0.1,3ES alvador Colone 2.50 2.5u 2.5u 2.5a 2.50 2.50 .5

Ethiopia Ethiopian 8 2.1,8 2.5U 2.50 . 2.50 2.50 2.30Fiji S 0.1,0 0.4,0 0.87 .....

Finland Markka 320.00-/a 3.20 4.20 320.50-/1 3.2? 1.18 4.15France Franc 4.-1- 1.91, 5.53 1,.90 4,.90 5.52 5.22Gabon Franc C.F.A. J1,6.85 21,6.85 277.70 ... . 277.71 255.79

GabaGambian pound -.36 u1.36 2.08-/a ... 0.6012.2/Geray, Den. dep. DlR valutammark 1.20 1.20 1.20 .....

Ger,any, Fed. Rep. Deutsche e.ark . . ... 4.17 1.01 3.65 .3.27

Ghana -e 6di.,o. a .85/d 1.07 o.36/c 08d 1.21.82

Gre-ece Drachria 30 ..... Y0.00 30.00' 3 .0Lo 30.00 30.00 30.00Guadelnipe Franc 1± 9 .54 5.5L ...

ua,atemala .,uetzal l.. .0 1.00~ IL.C 1.00 1.00 10

Guyana Guyana 5 1.71 1.71 2.00 ... 1.71 2.00 2.00Haiti Gourde . . ,.5.oO 5.u0 5.00x 5.00.Honduras Lempira 2.020 .02.00U 2.00U 2.00 2.00Ho.ng Kong , Hong Cong $ 5.71 5.71 5.98 .......ffungary Forint l.11. l.171, 11.71, .....

Iceland Kronur ~ 38.05 1,3.00 61.9',1 38.10 1,3.06 88.10 87.12India Rupees 4.76 4.76 7.50 1.77( 4.78 7.56 7.28Indonesia Rupiah 1,5.00 10.00 10.00 ... 2,237.00/e 310.00 371.00 - major export rate

262.00- 378.00 115.00 - major import rateIra Rial 75.75 75.75 75.75 75.75 75.75 75.75 75.75Iraq Dinar 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.33

Ireland Irish pound 0.36 0.36 0.11 0.36 0.36 0.1,2 0.39Israel Israeli pound . . .80 3.003.0.2Italy Lira 625.00O 625.00 619.i9 6210.60 621.70 623.00 49.200Ivory Coast Franc C. F. A. 216.85 24,6.85 277.70 . 21,6.85 277.71 255.79Jamaica Jamaican pound 0.36 0.36 o.83/1 0.36 0. 36 0.83/f 0.77Lf

Japan Yen 360.00 360.00 34,9.11 358.30 360.90 357.60 311.80Jordan Dinar 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36Kenya Kenyra shilling 7.11, 7.11 .0/ . 7.11 7.471Korea, Rep. of Won ... .... 650.00 271.ooLY 316.00 373.00Kuwait Dinar 0,36 6 0 0.3,6 . 0.36 C.36 0.33

Lebanon Lebanese pound .3.15 3.07 3.08 3.15 3.07 3.25 3.16Liberia Liberian dollair ... .. . .

Libya Libyan pound 0.6 .6 .3 .3 6 0 0.6 033Malagasy Rep. Franc Kalaasy 21,6.85 216.85 277.70 ... 216.85 277.71 Z55*79Malawi Pound 0. 36 ). 36 n.82 ... 0.36 0.5.2 0.77

Malaysia Malaysian $ 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.o6 3.09 2.90Mali Franc C. F. A. 246.85 24,6.85 555.56/1 ... 216.85 555.12/1 5L1.57/1-Malta Maltese pound 0.36 0.36 0.12 ... 0.36 0.1,2 0.37MaULritania Franc C. F. A. .. . 216.85 277.70 ... 21,6.85 277.71 255.79Mauritius Rupee 1.76 1.76 5.56 ... 4.76 5.56 5.12

Medico Peso 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.49 12.19 12.4,9 12.19Horocco Dirham 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.03 5.01, 4.68Mozamnbique Escudo 28.75 28.75 28.75 .....Netherlands Guilder 3.80 2.62 3.50 3.77 3.61 3.60 3.25Netherland Antilles GLilder N. A. 1.89 1.89 1.89 ...

New Guinea Australian $ 0.89 0.89 0.89 .HeNeln ew Zealand 0.36_/1 0.72 0.8 03/1 036L1 09008

Nicraraua Cordoba 1.00/1 1.00/1 1.00/1 7.05 7.05 7.05 7,05

Table 7 (continued)

Ocnr m, . urec conversionFacter (aver~age) :.... ~ 0 ~cheRte ~,en'd year)

_______ o Cur___ _ en___ 19 3 9 1970 1 7

Niger Franc C.F.A. 2146.85 2146.85 277.70 *. 2L4n.65 277.-71 255.79

Nigeria Nigerian pound 0.36 0.36 0.3 036 .36 0.36 0.3j

Norway Kroner 7.2ls 7.114 7.02 7.125 '.15 7.31 6.71

Pakistan Runees 14.76 14.76 h.1476 14.78 *.78 14.80 14.79

Panama Balboaa 1.00 1.00L 1.00 ... -.00 1.00 1.00

Papua Australian $ 0.145La 0.89 0.89..Paraguay Guarani..... . 12 6.00" 12' i.0O 126.00 126.00

P?eru sole 26.76 2:6.2 3870..o. 38.70 38.70 - principal

26.76 ' .82 143.38 143.148 - other

Phiil-ippines Peso ... ... ... 2.02 3.91 6.143 6.143

PortuESg,- Escudo 28.75 28.75 28.75 28.83 26 .83 28.75 27.56

Romania Leu 6.00 6.ou 6.0o ...

..wanda Swanda franc ... 50.00 100.00 .. O0 10.0 21

Saudi Arabia Riyal 14.09 14.50 14S . .50 u.SO; 14.11

Senegal Franc C.F.A. 2146.85 2146.85 277.70 . 2i:.5.5 277.71 255.79

Sierra Leone Leone 0.36 0.71 0.83 .. -71 0.83 0.77

6ingapore Singapore $3.06 3.06 3.06 ... 3.06 3.08 2.90

Somalia Somali shilIling 7.114 7.114 7.114 ... ia14 7.114 6.58

South Africa Rand 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.36/h J.72 0.72 0.77

6outhern Rhodesia Rhnodesia pound 0.36 0.36 0.36 ...

Spain Peseta 60.o0 60.o0 69.98 60.15 5 .99 69.72 66.02

Sri Lanka Rupee 14.76 14.76 5.95 L-76 4.79 5.97 5.97

Sudan, Sudanese pouand 0.35 0.35 0).3-5 0.35 3.35 J.35 0.35

Surina Surinam guilder 1.89 1.89 -.i9 .

Swede n Kronor 5.17 5.17 5.1 5.18 5:18 .17 14.87

Swizerland Franc 14.3. 14.30 14.11 4.31 4.32 14.32 3.92

Syria Syrian pound 3.58 3.82 ,aQ2, 3.58 3.82 3.82 3.82

Ta.nania Tanzania shilling 7.114 7.114 .3/ ... 7'.114 7.114 7.1L

,hailand Saht 21.10 20.80 20.80 21.114 20.8 3 21.00 21.00C

Togo Franc C.F.A. 2146.85 216.85 277.70 ... 214n.85 277.71 2.55.79

Trinidad &Tobago TT$ 1.71 1.71 2.00 ... 1.71 2.00 1.814

~unisia Di-nar 0.142 0.52 0.2 0.142 '.-52 0.52 0.148

TuirKey Lira 9.00 9.00 13.00 9.00 -.00 114.85 114.00

Uganda Uganda shilling 7.114 7.114 0.30/-m .... 14 7.114 7.114

LSSR Rouble 0.90 0.90 0.'90 ... iu X Pound sterling 0.36 0.36 0.141 0.36 . .36 0.4 0.39

USA $ 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 :.00 1.00 1.00

Uppe r Volta Franc C.P.A.. 2146.85 2146.85 277.70 ... 214t.85 277.71 255.79

Uruguay Peso ..... ... 59.90 250.00 370.00 - official selling rate

a;0 69.20 2149.50 500.00 - free rate

Venezuela Bolivar 3.35 14.50 1430 3.35 1.:50 4.53 14.40

'.'i'et Nam, Rep. of Piastre 35.00 35.00J 2714.73 35.00 6(0.0 Co 118.00 11 8. -C official market

73.50 73.50 275.00 410.00 -parallel market

Yemen, Peoples' Dem.036.1RLepublic Southern Y. Dinar 0.3 036 0.1 ... 0.36 0.142 0.38

Yugo-,lavia Dinar 300.00 12-50.00 114.814/i 300.CO 1,250.00 12.50/i 17.00 11 official rate

632.00 settlement rate

Zaire Zaire 50 00!- 150.OLj ~ 0.50 . 165.0011 0.50 0,50

ZaniaKwacha a.67 0.36j)k 0.71 ... C.6i .107

/a Austra'lian pound, per US d.llar.7:b Prom February 1967 new cruzeiro (-1000 old cruzeiros) was intr-oduced.

7:c Ghanaian pound per US3 dollar.7d Ohanaian cedi per US dollar.7:e Md rupiah per US dollar.

Jamaican dollar per US dol:ar./luNew Zealand pound per US diollar.

7:a South African pound per US dollar.7: Prom 1965 new diniar (1 new dinar 100 old dinar) per US dollar7

Congo £rancd per ULS dollar.7-cZasbian pound per US dollar./F Koyan pounds per US dollar.

u gancna pounds per Us dollar./iTanzanian pounds per US dollar.7: 969 conversion factor

Dlalasi (- S Gsambian pounds) per US dollar.Im From 1963 11 now markka= 100 old ma-rkkaa!r From 196a7 XAli francs per US- dollar.

It Cordoba oro per US dollar. (The values.used in trade statistics are expressed in terms ok the Cordoba oro which haa a fixed gold

parity and which differs in value from the ordinary Cordoba used domestically in Nicaragua)

It Prom. January, 1970 new peso (- 100 old peso) was introduced.B olivianaos per US dollar.'vFrom June 1962 won (- 10 hwan) was introduced.

Sour-.Es: UN, Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, and IMF, International Financial Statistics, various issues.

Table 8

Manufcturd &-ortaat5 of i4erchandiae Ellroorts; 1960 and 21965.1972(~UNCTAI) Tlotal A, basic data at currant. prices, f.o.b.)

/a197 2 1971- 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 /c

Afghanistan G129s.Bo 24.10 8.92 7.50 8.28 12.56 13.34 15.65

Algeria 5 3 . 21.71 18.32 15.94 13.28 26.67 24.60 59.02Angola 5 3 3.70 2.00 5.90 7.47 6.61 7.66 6.70 5.93Argentina S 1 *. 22.1,0. 21.81 21.53 15.52 11.56 9.48 9.99Australia G 1 23.00O 24,.90 22.55 23.84 20.07 21.92 19.01 14.67

Auscria S 1 90.90 90.70 90.20 90.30 89.59 88.34 88.55 87.91 69.60Belgium-Luxembourg S 1 81.90 81.60 79.140 80.44 80.00 79.70 80.09 80.31 78.47Bolivia S 3 . . 1.13 1.12 1.46 1.44 . 1.75Brazil Si 1 26.00 26.1:3 20.80 17.38 16.45 17.74 14.37 14.86 10.98Burma G 1 12.72 9.80 12.10 9.70 7.30 8.63 6.73 4.27

Cambodia (Khr Rep.) S 1 S. . .40 2.81 2.74 3.59 4.09 2.24Cameroon S 1 28.10 2g:60 29.36 27.99 23.55 23.49 29.10 27.81Canada G 1 66.20 66.1,0 66.50 69.96 65.42 63.08 58.38 55.46 50.83Central African Republic S 1 7.00 3.90 6.96 2.94 3.46 2.22 3.07 5.21

CJhad S 1 2.12 2.71 1.19 1.77 0.84 2.42 2.12 1.43

Chile S 1 ... 6.50 6.26 5.98 5.94 9.27 14.54 9.99China, Republic of 5 1 - -79.26 74.40 68.74 61.31 54.13 13.69Colombia S 1 13.42 8.60 lo.50 10.65 8.40 9.18 7.19 1.43Costa Rica S 2 24.12 21.10 20.11 20.11 15.94 16.78 15.14 4.80Dahomey S 1 7.70 lIi.L,0 9.94 10.79 11.15 14.65 6.47 4.53La

Denmark G 1 71.00 71.20 71.10 69.51 66.99 65.69 63.08 60.35 55.99Dominican Republic C 2 6.40 4,.30 3. ,,i 3.75 3.21 3.61 4.81 6.01Ecuador G 2 . .. 1.41 1.14 1.05 1.18 1.39 1.79Egypt S 1 29.10' 22.70 28.10 27.64 29.90 22.26 21.53 12.79El Salvador 5 2 34.78 31.10 34.55 34.00 30.56 25.25 18.48 10.06

Ethiopia G 1 3.70 3.20 2.39 2.60 2.27 1.48 1.31 2.85Finland C 1 91.30 90.80 91.10 91.13 91.60 90.71 90.08 90.55 85.08France 5 1 79.60 79.90 80.50 77.51 77.40 77.87 76.49 77.17 77.55Germany, Fed. Rep. of 5 1 89.90 90.00o 90.00 90.40 89.43 89.41 89.02 88.96 88.97Ghana G I 21.1±0 18.70 28.84 23.51 22.45 16.11 13.98 6.77

Greece 5 1 58.10 52.00 5h.h0 49.79 39.30 32.69 33.86 33.87 13.39Guatemala G 2 34.0.4 33.50 31.00 27.76 24.28 19.13 15.24 6.76

Guinea G 3 - - - - 1.60 2.14 1.37Honduras 5 2 14.42 17.1±0 17.56 16.22 15.35 12.81 11.79 12.48Hong Kong G 1 96.30 88.80 88.20 88.60 89.24 88.26 86.15 85.71 84.27

India G 1 53.80 1±9.60 51.82 49.40' 46.17 45.52 *46.39 43.71Indonesia 5 1 3.00 2.10 19.65 ... 17.94 5.30 2,23 0.70Iran 5 1 5.70 1±.70 L.70 ... 3.95 4.35 5.09 5.62Iraq 5 3 1.99 3.30 2.59 2.50 4.02 2.99 2.60 2.00Ireland G 1 47.30 44.20 4±8.30 44.67 44.28 39.31 40.90 39.84 35.54

Iarsael 5 1 41.10 Ws.30 441±00 40.40 39.45 36.50 34.48 33.52 36.01Italy 5 1 85.30 86.90 87.20 86.63 85.85 84. T7 83.70 82.81 78.09Ivory Coast 5 1 16.80 17.80 16.90 15.85 16.20 13.67 13.74 2.46Jamaica G 2 12.50 11.65 8.73 13.79 13.59 14.51 13.33 13.85 11,81Japan G 1 96.90 p6.30 95.70 96.01 97.18 96.59 95.85 95.67 84.08

Jordan 5 1 4±3.50 38.10 . . 16.01 17.90 17.50 10.39Kenya.. G 1 18.20 20.60 18.50 16.08 16.65 16.33 16.36 15.92 18.69/dKorea, Rep, of 5 1 83.30 78.140 76.20 74.41 68.06 62.3i- 60.52 15.13Lebanon 5 1 62.79 61.50 59.68 51.70 43.04 19.18 18.31 16.76Liberia 5 1 2.30 2.00 2.00 0.28 0.09 0.28 0.65 . 0.12

Libya, Arab Rep.of G 1 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.51Malagasy Republic S 1 13.20 12.00 14.25 10.16 12.52 10.79 10.05 9.93Malawi G 1 2.30 2.57 2.90 2.96 2.22 1.33 1.25 1.20 ..Malaystia G 1 18.00 16.oo 13.13 13.81 12.10 10.46 9.62 6.41Mali 5 1 9.50 10.140 1.74 2.73 2.89 1.63 2.67 3.45/d

Mexico G 1 40.83 33.90 25.13 20.58 19,38 19.90 17.36 14.51Morocco 5 1 29.19 22.80 21.97 21.41 21.53 20.41 18.07 20.24Mozambique 5 3 i . 5.50 7.66 6.23 6.75 6.97 7.96 1.42Netherlands 5 1 65.20 61±.50 64,.10 65.96 65.27 65.32 65.91 63.00 55.86New Zealand G 1 12.80 13.30 10.63 10.59 8.65 7.06 6.65 6.21

4 15 -

Table 8 \Cont'd)

197 2 1971 1970 169 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960

aG 19.47 0.lO 14.83 11.40 10.54 9.85 8.27 4+.07Niger S 1 3.50 2.70 3.15 2.40 1.09 2.18 2.32 0.71/dNigeria G l.4O 2.70 1.49 1.84 1.69 1.83 i.70 1.73Norway G 1 7k 80 74.hO 75.64 75.03 73.46 72.64 72.27 66.91Pakista- rG 1 55.15 ~ 5.09 59.20 56.35 50.63 46.56 45.12 36.1( 22.43

Panama S 2 2.03 1.60 2.61 2.07 1.18 0.93 0.75 0.53Papua New Guinea G 2 5.82 1.70 1.47 0.89 1.18 1.22 7.51 3.98Paraguay Si 3 ... 4o039 7.18 7.83 7.16 9.09 8.01 14.67Peru S 3 , ... 31.77 30.43 30.77 31.36 30.82 28.97Philippines G 1 10.20 11.20 ... 13.82 13.95 11.42 11.46 4.72Portugal s 1 83.83 81.27 81.70 79.55 81.20 80.11 79.01 78.77 77.60Rhodesia G . . . .... ... 34.59 6.30/eSaudi Arabia S 3 ... .O 00 0.00 0.000 0,0 0.00Sal 5 1 33.L7 26.'6 25.06 15.76 10.04 10.33 8.58 7.10Sierra Leone G 1 J.C U.U 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.12

Singapore G 1 43.60 37.20 33.64k 28.03 28.05 29.49 32.73 35.54 21.84Somalia S 1 12.23 o.1L4 5.53 3.06 2.68 7.01 7.69 10.17/dSouth Africa G 1 lhu.l0 40.98 28.05 25.95 26.33 26.94 26.08 27.29Spain S 1 75.36 70.63 6)..89 62.29 56.53 51.14 48.19 52.04 36.03Sri Lanka G 1 2.39 1.51 1.99 1.02 0.78 0.74 0.73 0.69Sudan S 1 0.0 0.0 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.08 0.17 0.23Sweden G 1 90.17 77.68 76.77 88.27 87.98 88.28 87.20 86.71 84.69Switzerland S 1 94.31 94.50 94j.18 93.91 94.11 94.13 94.33 94.04 93.31Syria, Arab Rep. of S 1 15.00 13.50 12.82 12.16 13.66 15.17 10.16 10.47 7.93Tanzania G 1 5.60 6.36 6.04 7.15 6.79 7.36 6.78 6.41 7.84/d

Thailand G 1 15-59 15.22 11.68 9.17 6.98 5.67 5.46 8.33Togo S 1 i7.30 l4.41 5.42 8.27 7.48 3.95 4.87 5.62Tunisia S 1 21.78 23.27 30.25 28.64 30.26 34.98 27.10 29.39 33.36Turkey S 1 18.93 15.60 12.28 10.19 8.15 8.14 8.85 12.02U.'anda G 1 0.33 0.37 0.34 0.82 0.87 0.67 0.48 0.72 0.77/dU-nited Kingdom Si 1 87,62 89.39 87.83 88.04 87.27 86.57 86.73 86.54 85.53United States Si 1 72.12 7)4.90 73.81 75.99 73.24 71.20 69.36 68.64 66.66Upper Volta S 1 6.77 4.95 4.52 5.08 5.33 .5.94 5.12 0.66Lruguay S 3 10.44 25.25 4.74 7.94 5.05 6.12 7.11 6.24Venezuela G 2 1.69 1.12 1.52 0.82 1.37 0.74 0.30 0.02Viet Nan, Rep. of S 1 ... 6.6h 2.99 3.19 1.78 1.23 1.20 1.30Yugoslavia S 1 76.49 77.3)4 75.52 74.41 74.61 69.89 71.92 71.67 55.32Zaire S 1 0.57 ... 0.98 1.01 1.03 1.84 2.79Zambia G 1... 14-9 0.50 0.86 0.26 0.23 0.41 0.00

... Not available.- Not listed in the source material.a G - General trade; S - Special trade; Si - Exports of national produce only.to 1 - Reevised SITC: 2 - Original SITC; 3 - Other classification.La In 1960, data with SITC codes were not available for the following countries: Algeria,Angola,Bolivia, Cambodia, Chile, China, Ethiopia, Guinea, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco,Mozambique, Niger, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Uruguay, Venezuela,Viet Nan, and Zaire.d 1961.e Including Malawi.

, 972 figure excludes Bangladesh.

Notes: 1) Figures for 1970 - 1972 may not be strictly comparable with those of earlier years.For details, please see the text.2) Footnotes /a and /b are relevant for figures of 1960 to 1969 only.

Sources: United Nations: Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, varioLs issues. 1970 - 1972 dataare based on unpublished latest computer output supplied by U.N. Statistical Office, New York.IBRD: Economic Trends and Prospects in the Republic of Guinea. Table 51, September 1, 1967.

Table 9 /1

Semi-manufactured Exoorts as 7. of Merchandi-se Exports, 1960 and 1965..1972(UNCTAD (Total B- Total A), basic data at current prices f.o.b.)

1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 IcIa lb

Afghanistan G 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Algeria S 3 ... 1.32 1.34 2.37 3.52 1.72 2.11 0.01Angola S 3 2.20 1.90 1.07 2.35 2.48 2.02 2.19 1.43Argentinia S 1 .. 0.50 0.45 0.94 0.62 0.89 0.64 0.15Australia G 1 8.20O 6.20 5.88 5.91 5.53 4.99 5.08 8.41

Austria S 1 2.30 2.60 3.30 2.34 3.78 3.97 4.30 4.12 22.16Belgium-Luxembourg 5 1 5.70 6.19 8.20 8.21 8.26 7.81 8.12 7.39 7.83Bolivia 5 3 .*.. 0.05 0.22 2.28 2.65 *.3.67Brazil Si 1 0.60 0.16 0.60, 0.31 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.29Burma G 1 3.19 1.76 5.60 3.57 2.59 3.49 .36 1.76

Cambodia (Khmer Rep.) s 1 . ... 0.110 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.00Cameroon S 1 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.02Canada G 1 5.20 41.70 6.00 4.69 5.63 5.96 5.49 6.65 10.69Central African Republic 5 1 0.00 0.20 0.30 0.25 0.43 0.18 0.83 0:12Chad 5 1 .3.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.49 0.64 3.55 3.03

Chile 5 I. 77..40 76.44 76.23 76.71 66.77 59.10 68.88China, Republic of 5 1 - - 0.79 0.73 0.79 0.65 0.27 0.01Colombia 5 1 3.85 2.50 41.20 3.45 3.06 1.92 1.64 1.74Costa Rica 5 2 0.82 0.1* 0.09 1.52 1.27 1.28 0.78 0.00Dahomey 5 1 0.00 .0.00 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.14 0.10/d

Denmark G 1 2.10 2.20 240 2.20 1.75 1.63 1.89 1.59 0.99Dominican Re~ublic G 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00Ecuador G 2 . ... 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01Egypt 5 1 0.20, 0.10 0.69 1.70 2.97 3.54 4.08 2.82El Salvador 5 2 0.114 0.50 1.41 1.78 2.04 1.60 2.03 0.13

Ethiopia G 1 1.6o 1.20 0.91 0.01 0.01 0 .0.1 0.01 0.00Fiilland G 1 1.70 1.70 2.30 1.65 1.20 1.71 1.74 0.81 1.27France S 1 1.70, 1.80 1.60 2.88 3.44 3.78 4.27 3.31 4.17Germany, Fed. Rep, of 5 1 7,80 1.50 1.5.0 1.92 2.46 2.39 2.65 2.22 *2.27Ghana G 1. 0.80 0.20 0.68 0.56 0.71 0.52 1.02 0.01

Greece S 1 2.90 3.00 2.70 2.41 2.45 . 1.45 0.86 0.05 0.50Guatemala G 2 0.00 O.00.00 0.04 0.72 0.56, 0,01 0.00Guinea G 3 - - - - - 0.01 0.01 0.01Honduras S 2 1.Y2 41.20 3.42 2.05 0.32 0.31 0.38 1.02Hong Kong G 1 0.00 .0.20 0.20 0.42 0.67 0.59 0.70 0.85 1.67

India G 1 0.140 0.50 0.81 0.93 0.64 0.93 0.87 2.73Indonesia s 1 41.80 11.2U 7.67 ... 7.49 8.87 13.95 16.45Tram 5 1 11.00 . 12.00 14-40 ... 12.32 20.13 18.64 33.90Iraq 5 3 0.35 0.30 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00Ireland G 1. 0.50 0.80 0.140 1.32 1.08 2.13 0.74 1.49 2.61

Israel 5 1 1.00 1.110 2.10 2.10 1.88 1.98 2.45 4.35 0.74Italy S 1 4.30 5.30 11.90 5.28 6.09 6.24 6.04 5.66 6.48Ivory Coast . 1 0.70 0.90 1.14 1.68 1.37 0.23 0.08 0.01jamaica G 2 2.70 2.56 0.00 2.82 3.01 2.75 4.79 4.54 0.86Japan G 1 0.10 0.10 0.110 0.64 0.27 0.54 0.55 0.63 10.06

Jordan 5 1 0.90 2.70 . . 6.11 3.22 4.33 0.00Kenya G 1 12.50 15.110 11.70 12.39 11.05 13.92 11.02 12.04 1.45/d:oa,Rep, of S 1 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.23 0.26 0.6 1 1.43 0.01-Lebanon 5 1 'J.UY 0.30 0.22 0.33 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.01Liberia s 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .. 0.00

Libya, Arab Rep, of G 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00Malagasy Republic s 1 3.60 3.90 3.58 3.45 3.83 0.70 0.02 0.02Malawi G 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00..Iaayia G 1 23.80 2,5.110 24.25 27.20 27.07 26.54 29.28 17.64Mali S 1 0.20 0.20 1.06 0.14 0.20 0.04 0.37 0.04/d

Mexico G 1 8.17 10.90 9.65 11.65 10.21 9.70 8.53 13.10M1orocco s 1 0.80 0.110 1.17 1.61 0.93 0.89 0.79 1.15Mozambique S. 3 .. 7.50 6.99 7.37 10.52 8.60 7.85 0.00Netherlands s 1 6.90 8.30 7.80 6.93 6.85 7.07 6.90 8.23 11 .27New Zealand G 1 0.90 0.70 0.94 0.98 0.88 0.89 0.48 0.02

- 47 -

Table 9 (Cont'd)

1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960/a /b

Nicaragua G 2 3.00 0.00 0.22 G019 0.15 0.18 0.16 3.68

Niger S I 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.13 0.00/dNigeria G 1 2.00 3.80 4.38 6.91 6.06 5.94 5.68 0.08Norway G 1 8.20 9.10 8.43 8.19 6.10 7.37 7.78 8.16

Pakistan /f G 1 1.)6 1. l43 0.90 1.28 1.28 0.61 0.56 0.95 0.00

Panama S 2 21.86 20.10 20.43 19.61 24.73 29.27 30.38 0.00PapuaNew Guinea G 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

Paraguay Si 3 ... 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Peru S 3 ... ... 3.92 25.93 24.00 22.55 18.63 0.01Philippines G 1 2.60 1.80 ... 1.34 0.59 0.35 0.48 0.00

Portugal S 1 1.72 2.18 2. 34 1.38 1.45 1.75 2.10 1.78 4.44

Rlodesia G 1 ... ... ... .. ... 7.80 61.411eSaudi Arabia S 3 ... 6.32 8.89 19.26 17.84 13.93 15.91 17.12

Senegal S 1 6.00 3.11 3.01 0.19 0.16 0.53 0.05 0.13

Sierra Leone G 1 3.03 2.32 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Singapore G 1 24.41 25.53 23.11 19.90 21.26 19.92 17.96 14.76 13.63Somalia S 1 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.49 0.2h 0.28 0.08 0.00/d

South Africa G 1 12.29 12.99 12.84 13.47 13:98 11.84 9.39 6.24

Spain S 1 3.63 4.63 5.87 7.05 11.34 8.74 6.89 6.02 14.58Sri Lanka G 1 0.00 0.00 0.G0 0.00 0:00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sudan S 1 0.79 0.36 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

Sweden G 1 1.33 1.14 1.39 2.35 2.48 1.98 1.93 1.36 1.11

Switzerland S 1 1.20 0.57 0.39 1.08 1.10 1.04 1.08 0.96 0.81Syria, Arab Rep. of S 1 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.06 0.23 0.47 0.49 0.98 0.05

Tanzania G 1 10.64 8.26 6.64 6.32 10.28 8.62 0.31 0.01 0.00/d

Thailand G 1 9.94 11.6h 11.86 11.65 13.87 9.71 3.48 0.00

Togo S 1 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00

Tunisia S 1 2.60. 2.54 6.08 4.39 4.68 3.19 3.10 3.98 3.22

Turkey S 1 0.69 1.50 1.73 3.02 3.26 5.94 4.93 3.50

Uganda G 1 6.07 7.87 8.12 8.62 8.52 8.46 8.73 12.75 7.55/d

United Kingdom Si 1 3.86 3.87 1.43 5.04 5.40 5.00 4.53 4.45 4.61

United States Si 1 1.84 1.83 2.18 1.95 2.21 2.37 2.55 2.65 3.75

Upper Volta S 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.00

Uruguay S 3 O.00 0.LW 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Venezuela C 2 28.44 28-30 25.88 26.85 26.89 27.93 27.88 . 23.19

Viet Nam, Rep. of S 1 ... 10.13 10.89 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

Yugoslavia 5 1 5.88 5.I5 5-24 4.35 2.98 3.30 3.43 3.21 9.76

Zaire S- 1 ... 74.91 ... 75.93 69.12 69.08 64.54 35.3]

Zambia G 1 ... 84.30 98.42 97.27 96.05 97.47 96.06 O.UU

/1 Notes/footnotes/sources given in Table 8 are also applicable to this table

-48

Manufactured and Semi-manufactured Exortsas % fMrhnie xot,16 and- 96g-1972(UNUCADj Total B, basic data at current prices9, f.o.b.)

/a Lb 1972 U _ 1970 - 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 /cAfghanistan G 2 .L9.P0 24.10 8.92 7.50 8.28 12.56 13.34 15.65Algeria S 3 23.03 19.66 18.31 16.80 28.39 2.1 59.03Angola S 3 5:90 3.90 6.97 9.82 9.09 9.68 8.89 7.36Argentina S 1 ... 22.90 22.26 22.47 16.14 12.45 10.12 10.14Australia G 1 31.20 31.10 28.43 29.75 25.60 26.91 24.09 23.08

Austria S 1 93.20 93.30 93.50 92.64 93.37 92.31 92.85 92.03 91.76Belgium-Lu,xerbourg S 1 87.60 87.76 87.60 &8.65 88.26 87.51 88.21 87.89 86.30Bolivia S 3 .. .. 1.18 1.34 3.74 4.09 11.79 5.42Brazil Si I 26.60 26.59 21,40 17.69 16.49 17.79 14.37 14.87 11.27Burma G 1 15..91 11.51 17.70 13.27 9.89 12.12 9.39 6.03

Cambodia (Khmer Rep.) S 1 . ... 3.80 2.82 2.75 3.64 4.13 2.24Cameroon S 1 28.10 26.60 29.39 28.00 23,58 23.52 29.17 27.83Canada G 1 71.40 71.10 72.50 74.65 71.05 69.04 63.87 62.11 61.52Central African Rtepublic S 1 7.00 4.10 7.26 3.19 3.89 2.40 3.90 5.33Chad S 1 2.12 2.71 1.21 1.77 1.33 3.06 5.67 4.46

Chile 5 1 .. 83.90 82.70 82.21 82.65 76.04 73.64 78.87China, Republic Of 5 1 .- - 80.05 75.13 59.53 61.96 54.40 13.70Colombia 5 1 17.27 11.10 14.70 14.10 11.46 11.10 8.63 3.17Costa Rica S 2 24.94 21.50 20.20 21.63 17.21 18.06 15.92 4.80Dahomey 5 1 7.70 13.40 10.02 10.87 11.22 14.87 6.61 4.63 /d

Denmark G 1 73.10 73.40 73.50 71.71 68.74 67.32 64.97 61.94 56.98Dominican Republic G 2 6.40 4.30 3.9 3.76 3.22 3.61 4.81 6.01Ecuador G 2 . .. 1.42 1.14 1.05 1.18 1.39 1.80Egypt 5 1 29.3'0 22.80 28.79 29.34 32.87 25.80 25.61 15.61El Salvador 5 2 35.22 31.60 35.96 35.78 32.60 26.85 20.51 10.19

Ethiopia G 1 5.30 4.40 3.30 2.61 2.28 1.49 1.32 2.85FiJnl and G 1 93.00 92.50 93.40 92.78 92.80 92.42 91.82 91.36 86.35France 5 1 81.30 81.74 81.70 80.39 80.84 81.65 80.76 80.48 81.72Germany, Fed. Rep. of 5 1 97.70 91.50 91.50 92.32 91.89 91.80 91.67 9J.18 91.24Ghana G 1 22.20 18.90 29.52 24.07 23.16 16.63 15.00 6.78

Greece 5 1 61.00 55.00 57.20 52.20 41.75 34.14 34.72 33.92 13.89Guatemala G 2 34.04 33.50 31.00 .27.80 25.00 19.69 15.25 6.76Guinea G 3 - - - - - 1.61 2.15 1.38Honduras 5 2 .16.34 21.60 20.983 18.27 15.67 13.12 12.17 13.50Hong Kong G 1 96.30 89.00 88.40 89.02 89.91 88.85 86.85 86.56 85.94.

India G I 54,20 50.10 52.63 50.33 46.81 46.45 47.26 46.44Indonesia 5 1 .7.86 6.30 27.32 ... 25.43 _'4.17 16.18 17.15Iran 5 1 16.70 16.70 19.10 . 16.27' 24.48 23.73 39.52Iraq S J 2.34 3.50 2.60 2.50 4.03 3.00 2.60 2.00Ireland G 1 47.80 45.00 48.70 45.99 45.36 41.44 41.64 41.33 38.15

Israel 5 1 42.10 45.70 46.10 42.50 41.33 38.48 36.93 37.87 36.80Italy 5 1 89.60 92.20 9?.10 91.91 91.94 90.51 89.74 88.61 84.57Ivory Coast 5 1 .17.50 18.70 18.04 17.53 17.57 .13.90 13.82 2.47Jamaica G 2 15.20 1.4.21 8.73 16.61 16.60 17.26 18.12 18.39 12.67Japan G 41 97.00 96.40 96.10 96.65 97.45 97.13 96.40 96.30 94.14

Jordan 5 1 ~4h40 40.8o ... .. 22.12 21.12 21,83 10.39Kenya G 1 30.70 36 .00 30.20 28.47 27.70 30.25 27.38 27.96 20.14 /dKorea, Rep. of 5 1 83.90 78.90 76.60 74.64 68.32 62.97 61.95 15.14Lebanon 5 11 62.88 61.80 59.90 52.03 43.21 19.18 18.31 16.77Liberia 5 1 2.30 2.00 2.00 0.28 0.09 0.28 0.65 . 0.12

Libya, Arab Rep~ of G 1 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.51Malagasy Republic 5 1 16.80 15.90 17.83 13.61 16.35 11.49 10.07 9.95Malawi G 1 2.30 2.57 2.90 3.02 2,24 1.34 1.25 1.20Malaysia G 1 41.8o 41.40 37.38 41.01 39.17 37.00 38.90 24.05Mali S 1 9.70 10.60 2.80 2.87 3.09 1.67 3.04 3.49/d~

Mexico G 1 49.00' 44.80 34.78 32.23 29.59 29.60 25.89 27.61Morocco S 1 29.79 23.20 23.14 23.02 22.46 21.30 18.86 21.39Mozambique 5 3 .... 23.00 14.65 13.60 17.27 15.57 15.81 1.42Netherlands . 1 72.10 72.80 72.20 72.89 72.12 72.39 72.81 71.23 67.13Mew Zealand G 1 13.70 14.00 11.59 11,57 9.53 7.95 7.14 6.23

Tab!a 'O(cont'd)

1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 /c/a LbNicaragua c 2 19.47 20.10 15.05 11.59 10.69 10.03 8.43 7.75Niger S 1 3.50 2.70 3.36 2.46 1.23 2.18 2.45 0.71/dNigeria G 1 3.40 6.50 5.87 8.75 7.7' 7.77 7.38 1.81Norway G 1 82.70 83.50 84.07 83.22 79.56 80.01 80.05 75.07Pakistan/f G 1 56.51 56.52 60.10 57.63 51.91 47.17 45.68 37.05 22.43

Panama S 2 23.89 21.70 23.04 21,68 25.91 30.20 31.13 0.53Papua New Guinea G 2 5.82 1.70 1.47 0.89 1.18 1.22 7.51 3.99Paraguay Si 3 ... )so.55 7.18 7.83 7.16 9.09 8.01 14.67Peru S 3 . . 35.69 56.36 54.77 53.91 49.45 28.98Philippines G 1 12.80 13.00 15.16 14.54 11.77 11.94 4.72

Portugal S 1 85.55 83.45 84.04 80.93 82.65 81.86 81.11 80.55 82.04Rhodesia G 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 42.39 67.71/eSaudi Arabia S 3 6.32 8.89 19.26 17.84 13.93 15.91 17.12Senegal S 1 39.47 29.58 28.07 15.95 10.20 10.86 8.63 7.23Sierra Leone G 1, 3.03 2.32 0.19 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.12

Singapore G 1 68.01 62.74 5j. 47.93 49.31 49.41 50.69 50.30 35.47Somalia S 1 12.23 * 5.54 3.55 2.96 7.29 7.77 10.17/dSouth Africa G 1 52.39 53.94 40.89 39.42 40.31 38.78 35.47 33.53Soain S 1 78.99 75.26 70.76 69.34 67.87 59.88 55.08 58.06 50.61Sri Lanka G 1 2.39 1.51 1.99 1.02 0.78 0.74 0.73 0.69

Sudan S 1' 0.79 0.36 0.35 0.15 0.13 0.08 0.18 0.23Sweden G 1 91.50 78.82 78.16 90.62 90.46 90.26 89.13 88.07 85.80Switzerland S 1 95.51 95.08 94.57 94.99 95.21 95.17 95.41 95.06 94.12Syria, Arab Rep. of S 1 15.07 13.60 12.97 12.22 13.8Q 15.64 10.65 11.45 7.98Tanzania G 1 16.24 14.62 12.68 13.47 17.07 15.98 7.09 6.42 7.84/d

Thailand G 1 25.53 26.86 23.54 20.82 20.85 15.38 8.94 8.33Togo S 1 17.30 4.1,1 5.50 8.28 7.50 3.99 4.89 5.62Tunisia S 1 24.38 25.71 36-33 33.03 34.94 38.17 30.20 33.37 36.58Turkey S 1 19.63 17.09. 14.01 13.21 11.41 14.08 13.78 15.52Uganda G 1 6.40 8.24s 8.46 9.44 9.39 9.13 9.21 13.47 8.32/d

United Kingdom Si 1 91.48 93.26 92.26 93.08 92.67 91.57 91.26 90.99 90.14United States Si 1 73.96 76.74 75.99 77.94 75.45 73.57 71.91 71.29 70.41Upper Volta S 1 6.77 Is.95 4.52 5.10 5.35 6.02 5.13 0.66Uruguay S 3 10.44 25.25 4.74 7.94 5.05 6.12 7.1.1 6.24Venezuela G 2 30.13 29.142 27.40 27.67 28.26 28.67 28.18 23.21

Viet Nam, Rep. of S 1 16-77 13.88 3.20 1.78 1.23 1.21 1.31Yugoslavia S 1 82.37 82.79 80.76 78.76 77.59 73.19 75.35 74.88 65.08Zaire S 1 ... 75.48 , 76.91 70.13 70.11 66.38 38.10Za.-bia G 1 ... 98.79 98.92 98.13 96.31 97.70 96,47 0,00

1/ Noces/footnotes/sources given in Table 8 are also applicable to this table.

Table 1.1: VALL'E AND GROWTH RAE OF MANUFACTURED EXPORTS,1960. 1965 and 1970-72

(Tatal A at Curent if.o.b. prices in Million UI.S. Dlollars) Annual Growth Rates(%

EAST AFRICA 1960 1965 1970. 1971 1972 1960-65 1960-70 1965-72

Ethiopia 0.00 1.49 3.75 4.518 -

K(enya l8.41 /c 20.96 37.10 42.18 46.16 3.3 8.1 11.9Malagasy Republic 7.44 '9.22 17.40 19.40 4.3 8.9

Malawi - 0.46 1.38 1.53 1.61 - - 19.6Reunion 4.75 6.72 4.69 5.69 9.16 5.1 -0.2 4.5

Rwanda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 - -Somalia 2.68 LL 2.07 2.65 4.22 -6.3 -0. 1

Sudan 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00--Tanzania 10.h41" 11:08 14.29 '15.45 15.90 1.6 3.6 5.3

Uganda 0.81La 1.27 0.82 0.86 0.85 10.9 .0.0 -5.5

Zaire 0.00 6.18 4.19Zambia -2.2 14.10J. _____

TOTAL ;tm7 619 230.37 93±.91 6___8 J.27.9...

WEST AFRICA

Cameroon 26.99 34.59 60.18 57.82 5.1 8.4Central Afr. Republic 0.73 0.81 1.20 2.26 2.1 1Chad 0.19 0.58 0.67 0.56 25.0 13.4

Congo 2.18 4.12 7.37 12.13 13.6 13.0

Dahomey 0.66/a 0.88 4.39 3.23 7.5 23.4

Gabon 7.46 26.36 1-1.72 13.96 29.0 4.6Ghana 19.61 40.68 81.00 71.12 15.7 15.2

ivory Coaat 3.74 38.10 83.22 76.29 60.0 36.4Liberia 0.10 - 4.34 4.43 5.59 -43.8

Mali 0.I49 Lc 0.42 3.76 3.43 ..3.8 25e.0

Mauritania - 0.57 1.20 1.90 - -

Niger 0.11 L! 0:59 0.85 1.33 53.0 25.5Nigeria 8.03 .12.55 33.10 25.90 9.4 15.2

Senegal 8.02 11.04 42.50 41.80 6.6 18.1

Sierra Leone 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 - -

Togo 0.82 1.32 2.41 9.76 10,0 11.4

Upper Volta 0.03 0.31 0.90 1.07 88.0 40.5

TOTAL 79.25 J7.7j1 ,388 16.9 15.6

ASIA

Burma 9.54 15.08 10.68 1i,.80 9.6 1,2

China, Rep, of/a 20.50 243.67 831.93 65.0 51.0Fiji 0.22 0.76 6.78 7.28 28.0 41.0

Hong Kong 58.4 979.li9 2,216.32 2,548.63 2,630.72 11.0 14.4 1.India 581.35 .781.01 997.80 1,095.93 6.1 5.5

Indonesia 5.88 15.75 22.08 36.03 22.0 1.vKorea, Rep, of 4.97 105.96 645.70 889.20 84.9 62.5

Malaysia, Wear 61.33 97.5C, 219.50 230.62 9.8 13.6Pakistan/b 88.50 190.72 428.00 366.9,0 384.95 16.6 ,17.1

Papua-Ne;"Guinea 3.95 3.55 4.32 51.00 -2.2 0.9

Philippines 26.40 91.01 119.10 114.00 28,0 16.3

Singapore 248.17 348.73 522.80 652.90 950.90 7,0 7.8 15.4

Sri-Lanka 2.61 2.93 5.06 7.76 2.4 6,8Thailand 33.28 33.22 108.10 129.50 -0.03 12.5

Vietnam Rep. 1.12 0.43 0.57 ____ ,, -6.5TOTAL 2998. 6.139.TL 6.09.9 .... U.1i... .13±.9

EMENA

Afghanistan, 7.81 9.34 27.77 19.74 3.7 13.6

Algeria 232.67 156.80 21a.96 -7.5 -0.6

Cyprus 3.73 9.33 14.52 18.87 25.56 20.0 14.6 15.5

Egypt 70.05 129.19 218.51 229,99 13.0 12.1

Finland 841.49 1,292.11 2,100.99 2,139.72 2,689.23 9.0 9.6 11.0

Greece 27.21 111.04 349.93 344.81 506.27 32.0 29.1 24.0Iceland 0.87 2.62 25.92 18.83 43.08 25.0 40.4 4~9.0

Iran 45.89 66.39 115.57 152.46 7.6 9.7

Iraq 12.94 22.71 33.18 30.45 11.9 9.9

Ireland 147.16 239.77 482.32 566.87 747.51 10.3 12.6 17.6

Iarsael . 77.48 144.00 341.08 424.92 472.48 13.2 16.0 18,5Jordan 1.14 th.86 13.00 13.92 31L,0 27.8Lebanon 6.77 15.63 121.70 160.76 18.2 33.5

Malta 0.90 12.97 21.20 33.65 49.52 70,6 37.2 21.0

Morocco 71.69 77.74 111.40 145.68 1.6 4,5Portugal 253.92 454.00 775.51 855.50 1,084.63 12.3 11.8 13.3

Spain 261.63 503.11 1,549.00 2,075.00 2,866.10 14.0 19.5 28.0

Syria 7,39 17.57 25.90 26.17 43.10 18.9 13.4 13.7

Tunisia 39.93 35.23 55.20 50.23 67.70 -2.5 4.6 9.8

Turkey 38.56 41.06 91.80 128.10 1.2 9.1Yemen, P.D.R./a - 6.86 8.70Yugoslavia 313.25 782.34 1,6.0 1.420.00 1,711.18 2. 501.

TTL2.462.48 4 3.7 7.16I 2:- 0.9 -501.

Table 11 continued .

- , 1 -

Tac:c 11. continued)

(Total A at current f.o.b. prices ii Million U.S. Dollars) Annuai Growth Rates (S)

1960 1965 1970 1971 1972 1960-65 1960-70 1965-72

LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN

Argpnitina 107.90 141.70 397.54 5.6 14.0Bahamas - - 42.15 49.07 67.78 - -BoUlvi.L 1,1.6 1.26 2.23 1.7 7.5Brazil 139.36. 237.19 570.50 758.91 1,036 91 11.2 15.2 23.0Chile 49.00 100.06 79.77 15.4 5.0

Colombia 6.68 38.77 62.10 92.L6 42.0 25.0Costa Rica 4.12 16.93 48.71 314.36 33.0 28.2Dominican Rep. 10.45 5.98 9.11 .12.(-3 -11.8 - 5.6Ecuadorha 2.60 2.48 2.59 - 1.0 - 0.0El Sallvador 11.76 34.88 71.11 19.15 24.3 19.7

Fie-ch Guiana - - 41.08 47.23 57.67 - -Guatemala 7.88 28.49 97.33 96.37 29.3 28.6Guyana 5 .23 4.22 ,0.34 9.10 - - 8.2Honduras 7.73 14.85 29.48 26.36 14.0 14.3Jamaica 18.45 29.06 29.10 19.02 46.24 9.5 4.7 6.9

Kartinique - 8.72 10.70 10.96 13.90 - - 6.9L.Xic U 110,86 194.17 408.30 539.19 11.9 13.9

Netherland Antilles - - 34.40Nicaragua 2.28 11.87 35.20 J5.70 39.0 31.5Panama 0.14 0.59 1.70 2.33 33.4 28.3

Parauay 3.96 4.59 3.66 3.8 -0.9PeruT 127.57 205.68 27

1s.9

8 10.0 8.9

Trinidad & Tobago 14.81 32.69 67.30 76.20 17.1 16.3llruguay 8.08 13.61 58.75 . .l.8 11.0 22.0Venezuela 0.63 8.11 35.80 q?.61 66.0 49.4

TOTAL 635.42 1.137.2L 2.417.ol- 2,OJL.O7 12.3 14.3

MMEC

Australia 142.40 565.00 1,151.59 1,1-4.90 32.0 23.0Austria 779.82 1,406.61 2,576.08 2,873.88 3,529.86 12.5 12.7 14.1Belgium/Luxewlsourg 2,962.72 5,137.35 9,218.21 10,107.55 13,137.17 11.6 12.0 14.4Canada 2,827.819 4,497.63 10,762.97 11,739.30 13,364.51 9.7 14.3 16.8Denmark 823.50 1,372.16 2,335.52 2,563.24 2,961.26 10.7 11.0 11.6

France 5,323.86 7,756.64 14,280.26 16,325.90 20,580.12 7.8 10.4 15.0Germany, Fed. Rep. 10,156.30 15,918.60 30,763.01 35,1-S.23 41,549.89 9.4 11.7 14.7.Italy 2,849.12 5,952.35 11,513.31 13,138.53 15,830.75 15.9 15.0 15.0Japan 3,397.26 8,086.48 18,494.80 23,138.20 27,692.60 18.9 18.5 19.2

Netherlands 2,250.24 4,028.26 7,571.!O 8,976.60 11,314.95 12.3 12.9, 15.9New Zealand 52.99 65.14 159.80 170.60 4.2 11.7Norway 589.36 1,043.09 1,828.50 1,8'91.80 12.1 12.0Sweden 2,172.90 3,443.23 5,206.00 . 5,798.00 7,888.50 9.6 9.1 12.6S.Itzerland 1,751.86 2,783.14 4,822.00 5,451.00 6,486.10 9.7 10.7 12.8United Kingdom 8,513.71 11,446.43 16,996.00 19,98l.00 21,331.60 6i.1 7.2 9,3United Staces 13,570.40 18,626,90 -31,437.00 32,577.00 35.324,00 6.5 8.8 -y.6TOTAL 58,164.33 92.129.01 169,116.55 191,022.73 _9.6 11.3

CPECs

Czechoslovakia - 2,272.66 3,347.63 3,720.26 4,343.70 - . 9.7CGrmany, Dem. Rep. - - 2,405.38 -Nungary 516.81 1,110.90 1,720.36 1,848.03 2,442.10 16.5 12.8 15.2Romania - - 337.90U.S.S.R, 3,214.12 4,036.60 5 124.00 4.7 4.8

TOTAL 3,730.93 7,420.16 12,935.27 5.56a:29 i1.7 13

ALL DEIVEL0PIM 0OUXTRr;s 4aio890.1 8,417.11 17,095.89 17,379.19 11.5 13.3

WORLD TOTAL 66,785.bo 107,966.28 199,1147.71 213,970,21 10.1 11.5

6OT1: Total figurus msay not reulae to a dinil reforoace year.

/a Latest data relate to 1969 and the growth rate to 1960-1969.7i; 1972 figure excludes Bangladesh.7c 1961.

Source: U.N. Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, various issues and unpublished data.

- 52

Table 12: Manufactured Imports in Selected Countries According to Various Definitions, 1960 and 1971

(At current c.i.f. prices in million US$)

1960 1971SITC SITC 5 to 8 Merchandise SITC SITC 5 to 8 McrciandiseC

Total A Total B 5 to 8 minus 68 Imports Total A Total B 5 to 8 minus 68 -Iorts

Brazil 936.2 1,074.4 912.1 870.8 1,462.1 2,669.2 2,860.3 2,688.9 2,545.8 3,695.8

Colombia/l 443.6 457.8 426.9 419.3 518.6 748.5 760.5 721.5 698.7 844.0

Egypt 427.0 492.2 366.5 358.8 646.3 544-4 576.5 488.6 b79.1 919.8

Greece 533.6 548.9 507.6 499.2 702.0 1,584.1 1,671.8 1,523.3 1,495.8 2,092.0

India 1,354.5 1,533.2 1,407.5 1?309.6 2,355.4 1,453.6 1,593.7 1,526.5 1,371.0 2,405.8

Indonesia 397.4 418.5 396.4 391.9 577.7 963.0 990.2 947.1 929.1 1,101/.3

IranL2 429.8 433.1 414.4 408.7 517.8 1,808.4 1,814.0 1,763.1 1,726.5 2,080.5

Kenvaf3 137.3 157.9 134.5 132.8 193.0 419.4 434.9 407.2 402.3 514.8

Korea, Rep. of 176.6 176.6 169.2 166.7 329.1 1,402.2 1,420.6 1,316.5 1,296.8 2,394.1

Malaysia, West/4 450.2 498.9 407.4 401.7 799.5 756.8 792.2 717.4 704.1 1,115.3

Mexico 939.3 955.5 917.1 906.0 1,076.9 2,007.1 2.064.1 1,956.2 1,941.6 2 407.2

Nigeria 495.6 527.1 472.9 469.8 604.5 1,339.3 1,350.8 1,317.3 1,302.1 1,510.5

PakistanL3 410.9 473.3 406.8 391.8 641.8 640.0 664.4 628.6 613.2 925.9

Tanzani,,S 86.3 96.2 85.6 85.4 111.1 286.5 300.9 281.0 275.7 337.8

Turkey 360.3 411.8 360.1 353.2 468.2 893.6 923.3 872.9 840.3 1,088.2

Yugosrla 585.8 593.7 574.7 555.4 826.3 2,389.3 2,544.3 2,433.7 2,243.4 3,297.1

Zaire& X 124.4 137.4 107.7 107.1 170-.8L 439.6 455.4 402.0 399.8 533.0

2/ 1970 instead of 1971

?// 1963 instead of 1960

/ 1961 instead of 1960

vL/ 1962 instead of 1960

a/ This figure excludes the imports of South Katanga and Kasai. If they are

included the total will be $264.0 million for Which detailed SITC breakdowns

are not available.

Note: Total A and Total B include SITC 711 and 735 for all countries.

Source: U.N. Year Book of International Trade Statistics, various issues.

- 53 -

Table 13: Manufactured Imports in Selected Countries Accordin# o Various Definitions

as Percent of Merchandise Imports, 1960 and 12f1

1960 1971

SITC SITC 5 to 8 SITC SITC 5 tO 8

Total A Total B 5 to 8 minus 68 Total A Total B 5 to 8 -mtinus 68

Brazil 64.0 73.5 62.4 59.6 72.2 77.4 72.8 68.9

ColombiaL1 85.5 88.3 82.3 80.8 88.7 90.1 85.5 82.8

Egypt 66.1 76.2 56.7 55.5 595 62.7 53.1 52.l

Greece 76.0 78.2 72.3 71.1 75.5 '79.7 72.6 71.3

India 57.5 65.1 59.8 55.6 59.7 66.2 63.5 57.0

Indonesia 68.8 72.4 68.6 67.8 87.2 89.7 85.8 84.1

Irani 2 83.0 83,7 80.0 78.9 86.9 87.2 84.7 83.0

/3 158579171

Kenya- 71.1 81.8 69.7 68.8 81.5 84.5 79.1 78.1

Korea, Rep. of 53.6. 53.6 51.4 50.6 58.6 59.3 55.0 54.2

Malaysia (West)/4 56.3 62.4 51.0 50.2 67.9 71.0 64.3 63.1

Mexico 87.2 88.7 85.2 84.1 83.4 85.7 81.3 80.7

Nigeria 82.0 87.2 78.2 77.7 88.7 89.4 87.2 8l. 2

Pakistan_/3 64.0 73.7 63.4 61.0 69.1 71.8 67.9 66.2

Tanzania/3 77.7 86.6 77.0 76.9 84.8 89.1 83.2 81.6

Turkey 76.9 87.9 76.9 75.4 82.1 84.8 80.2 77.2

Yugosl via 70.9 71.9 69.6 67.2 72.5 77.2 73.8 68.0

ZaireLU/1 72.8 80.4 63.1 62.7 82.5 86.0 75.4 75.0

1/ 1970 instead of 1971

2/ 1963 instead of 1960

3/ 1961 instead of 1960

4/ 1962 instead of 1960

Source: Table 12

Table 1l: Manufactured Imports in Selected Countries According to Various Definitonsas Percent of Those under Definition "Total A," 1960 and 1971

Total 3 SITC 5 to 8 SITC 3 to 8 minius 6860 19-71 1960 1971 1960 1971

brazil 115 107 97 101 93 95Colombia/1 103 02 96 96 95 93Egypt 115 106 86 90 814 88

Greece 103 106 95 96 94 9hindia 113 110 10h 05 97 9 4

Indonesia 105 103 100 98 ?° 26

Iran/' 101 100 9 t 9.8 9 95

Knenya/3 11i 10 98 97 97 gO

Korea, ?ep. of 100 101 9o 9 4 94 92

Malaysia, Wes 111 105 90 95 89 93

M1exico 102 103 98 .97 9i 97

Nigeria 106 101 Q. 98 95 07

Pakistan/3 115' 104L 99 98 95Tanzan a/3 ill 105 99 98 99Turlkey llL, 103 100 98 96 L

Yugoslavia LO1 10 ) CQ 102 9 5Zaire/LL 4 110 lO 87 91 86 92

1/ 1970 instead of 1971

2/ 19o3 instead o. 10 0

/ 196,1 inlstead o 1. "C

.J, 19.2 instead ol l90

Source; Ta',,, 12

56 -

Table 16A: Indicators of Import Substitution in Selected Countries1963 -. : 1971

(values in U-*iiiillion)

Sm Am Nm/Sm Mm/Am19 1271 1971 19W 1971 19Q 1d97

El Salvador /a 351.84 629.26 332.27 558-15 .310 .291 .328 .328Ghan6 557.25 611.60 525.5l 530.60 .532 .480 .565 .553Korea, Republic of 1,599.74 5,879.14 1,560.40 4,989.94 .197 .239 .202 .281Portugal 1,574.12 4,626.46 1,233.35 3,770.96 .240 .253 .306 .311

Singapore 1,126.72 3,606.54 768.39 2,953.64 .541 .496 .793 .606Spain 10,303.21 24,432114 9,951.68 22,357.14 .108 .112 .112 .123Tunisia 401-441- 822.83 354.95 772.60 .386 .289 .437 .308

-E 1 a s t i c i t_yRatio of Changes Change-in Ratios Variant 1 Variant 2 Variant

Am m MmAAAm 'razSm Am(9) (1)O (11) (12) Mi/Sm I7ki/A M/S Min/Am Sm Am

(13) (114) (15) (16) (17) (18)

El Sal:ador L .266 .327 -. 019 .000 .858 .997 .887 .997 .887 .997GhanaZ& -. 057 -. 607 -. 052 -. 012 -. 107 -1.074 -. 113 -1.084 -. 113 -1.o86Korea, Republic of .254 .317 .042 .079 1.289 1.569 1.165 1.310 1.170 1.332Portugal .260 .313 .013 .005 1.083 1.023 1.057 1.016 1.057 1.015

Singapore *476 *540 -. 045 -. 187 .880 .681 .919 .771 .919 .779spa- .115 .131 .004 .011 1.065 1.170 1.045 1.110 1.046 1.115TLn <.197 .199 -. 097 -. 129 .510 .455 .583 .534 .590 .542

Notes: Mm = Imports of manufactures 4- Change from 1963 to 1971,a Supply of manufactures (output of manufactures plus Mm) Variant 1: with respect to base year

Am = Availability of manufactures (Sm minus export of manufactures) Variant 2: with respect to Arithmetic Mean of base and terminal years/a 1970 instead of 1971 Varient 3: with respect to Geometric Mean of base and terminal years

Sources: (1) UN Yearbook of International Trade Statistics , various issues and unpublished data(2) UN Growth of World Industry, Vol. I, various issues and unpublished data

- 56 -

Table 16A: Indicators of Import Substitution in Selected Countries,1963 --.1971

(values in US$ million)

sm Am MI/Sm Mm/Am

-1963 197 19- 1971 1971 1963 1971( -(2) (3) (4) 1(5- (6) ~ (~~7) ~ (B7T-

El Salvador /a 351-84 629.26 332.27 558.15 .310 .291 .328 .328Ghana a 557.25 611.60 525.51 530.60 .532 .480- .565 .553Korea, Republic of 1,599.74 5,879.14 1,560.40 4,989.94 .197 .239 .202 .281Portugal 1,574.12 4,626.46 1,233.35 3,770.96 .240 .253 .306 .311

Singapore 1,126.72 3,606.54 768.39 2,953.64 .541 .496 .793 .606Spain 10,303.21 24,432.14 9,951.68 22,357.14 .108 .112 .112 .123

Tunisia 401.44 822.83 354l95 772.60 .386 .289 .437 .308

Ratio of Chan es Chae in Ratios Variant 1 Variant 2 Variant

4Am ( mAmMm,) ZW 4f iAMmz m Ahsm Am(9) (lo) (l) (12) Mm/Sh Mm/Am Mm/Sm Mm/Am Mm/Sm Mm/Am

(13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)

El Salyador /a .266 .327 -. 019 .000 .858 .997 .887 .997 .887 .997Ghana -.057 -.607 -.052 -.012 -.107 -1.074 -.113 -1v084 -.113 -1.o86Korea, Republic of .254 o317 .042 .079 1.289 1.569 1.165 1.310 1.170 1.332Portugal .260 .3 013 .005 1.083 1.023 1.057 1.016 1.057 1.015

Singapore .1476 0 -.0o45 -.187 .880 .681 .919 .771 .919 .779spa .215 .131 .004 .011 1.065 1.170 1.045 1.110 1.046 1.115Tar.- .197 .199 -. 097 -. 129 .510 .455 .583 .534 .590 .542

Notes: Mm = Imports of manufactures - Change from 1963 to 1971d = Supply of manufactuires (output of manufactures plus Mm) Variant 1: with respect to base yearAm - Availability of manufactures (Sm minus export of manufactuxes) Variant. 2: with respect to Arithmetic Mean of base and terdinal years/a 1970 instead of 1971 Varient 3: with respect to Geometric Mean of base and terminal years

Sources: (1) UN Yearbook of International Trade Statistics , various issues and unpublished data(2 UN Growth of World Industry, Vol. I, various issues and unpublished data

57 -

Table 16B: Demand - Sources of Industrial Growthin Selected Countries, 1963-1971

(i) Import Substitution Defined in Terms of M/Sm

Domestic Import ExportDemand Substitution Demand

1 Salvador /a 76.56 5.96 17.47Ghana /a 4.14 55.79 40.09Korea, Republic of 86.27 - 7.64 21.38Portugal 85.45 - 2.79 17.33

Singapore 77.21 12.40 10.41Spain 88.51 - .80 12.30Tunisia 75.80 23.52 0.68

(ii) Import Substitution Defined in Terms of Mm./Am

Domestic Import ExportDemand Substitution Demand

El Salvador /a 81.07 0.00 18.78Gr1hana /a 4.39 10.35 85.22Korea, Republic of 88.45 -12.35 23.92Portugal 109.06 - 0.8:3 - 8.25

Singapore 113.22 42.43 -55.72Spain 91.63 - 1.97 10.28Tunisia 85.72 29.46 -15.07

/a 1970

Source: Same as for Table 16A

1I tMt - U <: V -00c00l C) '00 U 0 00 V0 ln :

*-,j 000 tj<:O0 '0)U0C O0 0 000V 0C'X- 0)r

O o~

0 0

n>01 )00.t 000(J 00Z001 0000 tll 000V Q o1.1

0 e0 o o>-

n ~~~~~~~~~* v - v qt .Unu-'0c J*<>).><Ia

-0 )0 0) .~ 00 0 .0 0 00 . 0 .0.........-t

cooooo~~ ooo °oo .Ooo ooooo0"J

u 'J -to tU'.

-0. -o* 0 0 - .' -0{

- '0 000 v. 040.[ t

0. c CO 0J . 0.10'pt

C. tOO .0 ' r0 J C 4-. 00 0) 0 -; c0 0

" 4> 00 000 > 00004 oU

t .0.0 -T 0 0,0,M,->,| 1~

G V-:t:DC -u Ci 00jrs,or' 4ox e ,

CI ,0r 3 * 14> Q s t Cn' .t tt )'

a e ['t ;4 H r . 1> V .4 * ' -- C! . 4 .YD a: O @ # 0

yt f30o .Vt to. stpt 39 - ' nr . z * '00)) .04r3

- 59 -

Tab-e 18: Comcarison of Mianufacturing Gross Value Added and industrial ProductionIndex in Selected Countries, 1971

Index of Industr-ial ProductionValue Added in Manufacture (,) in 1971

* Employment -_ (1963 - 100)Coverage in UN/World IBRD/World '4orld National AccountsCouncry World Industry Industry Industr IBRD/UN Industry UN IBRD

Argentina 5 ..... l04k 18L 153 186 _Brazil 2 73/ 734 10ti 1664L 16 06Chile 3 11 Lb 1 1 b. c 100 121L& 135L& 121L&China, Republic of /k 1 . . 85 * 292 * 2914Colombia ZZ2 Y5 86 87L 151 151 151 *

Costa Rica 1 .. .. 81/b ... ... 181Greece 1 9 = 98&4& l0O 204 239 204India 3 16 af C 1512a 9Z 31.4 135 13 13 g& *-Iran 1 217.1 118L 55 195a1 217/k 195Israel 2 86 86 99 229 ... 229**

Ivory Coast ... .. .. ... ... 172Kenya 1* 1 3 a 120. 99,. 172i 172/eKorea, Republic of 2 100 100 loo!; 394 395 1467alaysia 117 l00.1 ... . 182Lmexico ... ... 1ll 189 198 187

Pakistan a 3 196 1114a- 7W4 . 155 201Peru 2 .. 97/44... 182 . 168Philippines 2 1114i 129L li 3 ih 1242 /i 3iii 121ASingapore 3 10642 102 97 . 213 /d .. 193/dSpain 1 132L2 132 10l 218 189 218 **

Thailand 3 219LA 1 9 3/ka 89/i ... 231 219Tunisia 1 78 81lo 1034 ... loo/m 139/Turkey & 3 57 81i 143-l ... 180 2147Venezueia 2 118 118 115 118tLYugoslavia /k 5 116 lo0 2L 82 159 ... 159 **

Japan 1 93/1 661 73 258 ... 277

Employment coverage (1 - Covers all establishments(2 - Covers establishments with five or more persons engaged(3 - Covers establishments with 10 or more persons engaged(14 - Covers establishments with 20 or more persons engaged(5 - Almost no information available(* - Covers establishments with 50 or more persons engaged

/a - 196873 - 1967fc - Numerator in market price, and denominat,r in factor cost7 - Base year 1966

7e - Base year 19647? - Base year 196 877& - Latest year 1970h - Data taen from a non-homogeneous series

7 - Base year 1967E - Numera¢;or in factor cost, and denominator in market price

-k - Latest year 196971 - Source does not specify whether the denominator is in market price or factor cost7_ - Base year 1965

** - IBRD source does not seem to be independent of the'World Industry source, since both indices are the same... Not available

Sources: (1) U., The Growth of World IdustDry 1971 Edition, Vol. 1 and unpublished data(2) U?, Yearbook of NationaI Accounts Statistics, 1972, Vols. 1 and 2(3) IBR, Socio Economic Data nk

01 00000~~ 001H4R... 0C*- .' 1.* . o.n4 0..0. ~ 0.3 001l 03 3 0

1.11 3 33 o~Hl1 3H 3H~l10 3. H043H 1 0 330.4l.0 .- 0" 4H o1. oo,.-': 0 0.0.0

.3 333 4. 33 .44 3 3 F,:; ;33l. A33 43r 0 3 .0 3 3 .0 .- 1.04 41 1' 0 3 ... 00 4 34.

;41 3.l.3 -.- 1 R,- 03.l4 1' 3 . H H 03 3 . 4.f.3 344

... 3 03 030 0 .. 04.3 .0 - 0 .- .o .. ~ . 0 ' .i 00.00- ..~. ~ ..0. 33.: .40 . ~, 0 30

3.0'l 0'l4 ' 3 .(G31. 11004. 0 3 3 0 0 0001 ,1. 3.30 0 - 0

3..3.1 1'11. -1. 3.344 33 03 0 ~13 3~o3 033.4. . 1 1. 3-.40 33 .3 o-3.

4314~.l.4. 0.4104.1 304.4..334 HH.Q H .031.12.300 41 O 30'943. r~~0

l133

.4...' ..4 3 '- -.Q ,l. ... H ... 3 . . . . 1 4 . .

.00II 4

01 '-3 13 4. H 4

433 O4.~.. ~ ol ~ ~.14.1 1~..3..3 -300.3 1 oo-.0. 4l3

.3.13 o31133 03340el:O

-~ 304.± 03 4 334.10 .14..13 30~.. *-'4-~ 3041. 31.04. 44.. .4. 333 3 ,'If0 143

197 tA1965 __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __C_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5 .8 Merchandise 5 tinu 8 Tota9A .B M r-hndt

5 w8 - 8 TalA iWL __Z2 - .E minus 688~a.A Tt~I ~ ___ ______ .al

1)(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN149.0 27 8 24 68 375 4517 1737

Arge-ntin5L' 84.30 83.90 141.70 151.1 143.1 0 4.88 247,8 0.15 405.17 1,77.17olvaO13.90 0.00 ... 15.19 128.89 01 .001 .0181

Brozivil /142 2.7 .9 272 1,595.48 446.65 448.65 758.91 772.24 2,903.84Chile __660.64 14.59 100.06 506.57 687.86 l,Q909.59 5.2 7:1 13.9 1238Colombia 34.88 33.81 38.77 47.58 539.14 593.J2 YL±.21 1f2.46 110.97 0oo.ua

Costs Rica 16.46 16.46 16.93 17.80 111.82 18.00 18.08 54.36 56,20 225.36Doinica Rep. 2.75 2.75 5.98 5.98 124.21 8.59 8.59 12.03 12.03 187.92

Ecuador 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 178.20 ... ...El Salvador 32.18 32.18 34.88 38.71 188.71 75.J3. 73.11± 7Y.4. ~ OUd45 220.42CuateasaJ 26.04 26.00 28.49 29.49 186.90 78.09 7f63*Q4 Y6.37 y6.37 203.11

Guaa4.54 4.54 5.23 5.23 96.08 5.68 - 5.68 10.34 10.34 144.79Haiti ... 7.20 7.20 37.80 12.31 12.31 1.1 1.1182Honduras 6.8 5.59 14.85 15.34 125.48 5.66 5.07 26.36 29.88 182.85Jamaica 15.23 15.23 29.06 38,57 209.82 26.25 26.25 39.02 47.61 335.06Mextico 244.32 165.85 194.47 290.07 1,120.44 590.44 503.39 539.19 647.08 1,320.49

Nicaragua 7.16 6.36 11.87 12.10 11±3.54 28.18 28.18 35.70 35.70 183.1±0Panama 0.56 0.56 0.59 24.30 78.06 2.26 1.77 2N 27.1±5 J44.Paragu y 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 57.27 .... 27.. " 25.5o'Peru/7b 171.47 0.00 205.68 329.99 '667.38 :u..-.7; 7.4±. .i4-,. J~'.. .. ,Trini7dad and Tobago 27.81 27.81 32.68 361.51 395.66' 71.87 71.87 76.20 477.50 520.40Uruguay 2.97 2.97 13.61 13.61 191.16 17.73 17.73 21.1±8 21.1±8 205.69Venezuela 9.98 9.98 8.14 773.37 2,744.8l 44.7u [±1.70 52.63. y.s6.55 3,111.86

Australia 526.47 365.09 565.00 715.81 2,971.09 1,344.94 1,027.07 1,164.90 1,584.30 5,072.35Austria 1,253.10 1,202.88 1,406.61 1,472.43 1,599.94 2,656.59 2,584.90 2,873.88 2,955.36 3,168.79Belgium/LuxSebourg 5,203.94 4,698.00 5,137.35 5,608.84 6,381.66 10,265.28 9,522.41 10,107.55 10,874.10 12,391.3FgCanada 3,802.40 2,933.82 4.497.63 5,036.35 8,107.16 10,451.50 9,131.49 11,739.30 12,568.65 17,674.52D.nuark 966.99 957.85 1,372.37 1482 2,7.5 1,977.47 1,954.08 2,563.24 2,642.72 3,600.72

Franco, 7,327.15 7,088.00 7,756.64 8,089.00 11!,050.6. 15,284.85 14,946.31 16,325.90 16,690.48 20,420.03Germany, Fed, Rep, of 15,905.90 15,518.20 15.918.60 16,314.30 17,892.40 34,978.38 34,270.24 35,125.271 35,713.95 39,039.59Italy 5,608.17 5,500.32 5,952.35 6,369.25 7,188.04 12.609,56 12,479,10 13,138.53 13,937.50 15,110.63Japan 7,778.59 7,655.38 8,086.48 8,140.00 8,452.42 22,629.8G 22,423.88 23,138.20 23,149.00 24,018.90Netherlands 3,652,25 3,523.08 4,028,21 4,553.98 6,393.27 8,067.66 7,852.69 8,976.60 10,133.60 13,926.60

New Zealand 53.77 52.84 65.13 69.88 979,28 141.30 138.56 170.60 182.30 1,330.70Norway 953.10 727.27 1,043.09 1,155.36 1,443,24 1,884.111 1,434.25 1,891.50 2,120.10 2,563.30Sweden 2,745.73 2,662.63 3,443.23 3,496.93 3,970.59 5,788.38 5,631.32 5,798.00 5,883.00 7,464,00Switzerland 2,714.63 2,654.01 2,783.14 2,811.20 2,957,27 5,248.72 5,141.78 5,451.00 5,484.00 5,768.00United Kingdom 11,178.16 10,707.70 11,446.43 12,034.96 13,226.78 19,049.94 18,324.89 19,981.00 20,846.00 22,353.00United States 17,287.70 16,734.90 18,626.90 19,344.10 27,135.30 30,454.46 29,816.87 32,577.00 33,375.00 43,492.00

CPEC

Czechoslovakia 2,211,27 2,195.85 2,272.66 2,299.88 2,688,49 3,631.58 3,11A1 9B 3,720.26 3,739.71 4,179.82

Hungary 1,071.50 1,053.09 1,110.90 1,150.22 1,509.85 1,769.33 1,711.94 1,848.03 1,848.03 2,500.40

AUT Dmr1L0Pm1 COUNTRIE 8,721,28 6,51.1.14 8,101.98 12,060.79 31,261.38 16,067.80 15,076.22 17,281.35 20,512.16 17,581.98

WdoRLD TOTL 98,962.10 92,7h1.95 103,911.70 212131.76 159,182.19 201,302.01 197,079.98 213,872.37 224,239.96 291,656.71

/bL 1969 instead of 1971! includes Bangla.'esh.

I.d. Totals for all developing countries and world relate unty to 1971 available data.

S-rcr,s: U.N. Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, vario-s issues and unpublished data.lORD Report: Current Economic Position and Prospects of Haiti, Table 3.3, Nay 3, 1972.

A. 73-s :aI ~:s ~£:r :~a n

-,:pa9 38 9 38 100 142 53.4 5 03 2.172 74 91 ,£7 17 5 £ 2. 21.4 £

1,tasy F9

5N12

b.ic 54 b7 54 sY £00 I27 £7. 413.2 £.Mal-~ 97 95 97 95 'I00 '00 22. 1 Z£8.2 £4.2

SarLa 80 34 79 34 £01 100o -2.4 .2 D~6 1.4 3

3 aa57 00 57 00 £00 00 -0.0 - 0 -0.0 42, 2 .3210 245 210 245 100 23 8.5 9 , 145

2In8 .840 2. 320 71 74 1,72 2. 243 -2.7 , 9 -0,5 -3, 54..1t 139. J~~ 4,410 1,45 3,906 .00 2 8 0 ~ 2. 1 3.0

ZamV'- ;t, 23.000 682 63 I 23,100 C82 31.2 1 330.u 41..2 4.

4t7t76 67 18 35 100 100 6. 7 2 I.I2 9.0 a. 9 6.ArlAir-cas iep. 1", 77 538 1,'770 538 3.27 100 -2.8 -2.8 18. 7 14.0 3.4

39 84 39 84 2 6c 100 £3.5 13.5 ..0.0 -1..6* -Pe.ple's Rep. of 57 7 I1£ 577 III £07 1.31 -£0.0 -10.0 19.7 £86.7 -.

a s18 1 8 1 12 10 2. 2.3 24.2 23.5 20.5

"a"39 95 39 95 100 £-17 4.3 4.3 -11.2 -b.2 £0.8a-12 45 12 45 107 £04 36.3 3-,3 9.8 9.2 2 .3

as39 3 39 33 101 10.. 10.1 .5 12.3 £13.0 .1003 39 100 ... £00 .... .. 9.2

~a.99 94 98 94 113 £01 41.0 41.0 41,9 39.1 14.8

"--- tr.n- 120 396 100 394 119 100 53.b 53.6 22.2 19.0 8.5t00 79 100 lob10 £03 10.1 10.1 14.5 £3.6 7.2

. r.398 14,7 66 31 433 234 -2.5 0.1 12.8 1.8 19.0S-gl35 69 34 8 8 10£ i'8 40.3 40.1 24.9 282 -0.4

S,er,ra Lecne 18,000 ... 8,00 *..6 I00GO 2. -.25 0.0 .. 3,4100o 104 100 10 100 £30 40.5 40.3 39.6 39.5' 13.0

Ippe!r V.1ta 87 90 87 90 100 100 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.1 2.3

ia a40 86 4 6 140 125 -2.3 .- 3. -..- 1.

c:n Rep. ,st 791 . I .. 01o.. . .

7-3 ,la.ds 50 85 "0 85 100 213 55.4 55.4 45.6 65.0 8.7a.. -1ag 0 105 101 105 101 100 17.9 18.0 17 3 17,2 9 6

104 100 104 99 102 101 5.2 5.1 8.8 5.6 3.1

:Lo.ss85 102 69 46 7 27 258 £8.4 7.1 14.8 -3.6 9.24s-na, Rep. of £0 99 98 99 102 101 42.1 42.6 42.5 42.2 35.2,.aua;s .. .W. t..1.. 100 .,4..

:aass et35o 192l 66 64 404 232 4.2 £.8 1, . .

__100 1... £00 4.-. £03 103 11.7 11.7 11.5 11.5 3.9

?ap,ua 'ar. Sa, Ouclnea vS 95 66 35 100 100 12.4 12.4 5.9 5.9 10.5Pat p rs72 71 72 67 £0 125 3.5 2.5 3.8 7.1 5.9Sb,poes 90 86 89 142 169 11.6 11.7 11.0 14,3 10.21r £ks115 10N 115 430 100 3.00 11.8 11.8 17. -?.s

Ta s'.nd 94' 109 36 50 1n4 164 28,5 32.3 25.,:.35.i Rua5 iep. af ~ 90 229 90 2'y 100 252 22.0 -23.0 0'.5 21.22

Af9nsa 6 64 96 64 100 100 6.1 6.1 13. 13.3 6.1""e is18 3 18 30 109 100 16.4 18.i. 6.9 6.1L .

r-41i 40 41 40 100 £00 £2.0 £2.0 12.5 12.5 7.9E-t95 96 95 9s 119 £01 10.2 £0.2 10.1 7.1 4.7Ftsd65 79 63 76 101 £02 £2.4 £2.2 8.8 8.9 8.7

't-'4£ 73 39 59 100 106 33.2 29.1 20.1 21.9 12.5,,ad82 89 82 36 100 100 40.5 7038.9 38.9 2.5

87 88 87 88 466 293 15.2 15.2 14.9 3.4 12.8a929 37 29 37 £00 I18 9.0 9.0 5.0 71. 9.8r- d67 79 b5 78 104 102 18.8 19.0 15.4 15.1 13.4

s a,-, £99 164 £92 £60 113 103 16.0 16.2 £9.8 13.0 14,305 89 105 84 125 102 16.0 15.5 £9.2 15.3 2.4

128 436 118 3.2 100 10 4.s,O 4h2.0 847.84 4~7.5 20.4.Malts 89 92 09 92 3.00 £00 17.9 17.8 17.2 17.2 13.1'5raeo73 53 30 53 104 12 20.7 21.4 11.0 10.6 2.5

P0c9l77 82 79 8£ 102 10.3 12.2 12.3 11.1 11.12 10.b80 87 76 83 112 107 28.3 29.2 26.7 25.8

5.,oArab Rep. 94 88 94 88 107 101 5.7 5.7 6.9 5,4 2.52ui 7 79 6 71L 114 110 63.2 7.8 6.1 5.6 10.3

T- ke, 89 66 27 64 %s 104 20.2 39.9 20,9 £3.0 6.5.va88 94 79 81 105 107 11.7 10,9 10.5 10.9 9.1.

Table 20 (c.nt:.nued) -6

As Percent of Total A Annua Growth Rates. 195-1971 in Percentai

SITC 5 to 8 SITC 5 to 8 minus 68 Total 8 SITC SITC M{erchandise

1965 197 1 1965 1971 1965 1971 5tr" ..' 5 to 8 minus 68 Total A Total 8 Export

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAP'

Argentina /a 59 62 59 62 107 102 2h.1 ~ 4.2 23.0 22.035

B.olivI'a/b 1.110 100 15 00 1,210 100 -100.0 ... ... -71.5 11.3

Brazil - 54 59 52 59 100 103 23.7 23.7 21.4 21,7 10.5

Chile/a 660 1.266 1s 63 506 1,297 0.9 26.0 .4k.6 15.L 12d4

Colo-bia 90 101 87 96 123 129 17.6 17.1.. 15.6 16.5 4,.2

Costa Rica 97. 88 97 88 105 103 1.9.6 19.6 21.4. 21.2 12.L~

D.oji,can Republic 46 71 46 71 100 100 21.0 21.0 12.h 12.1. 7.1

Ecuador 100 ... 100 ... 100 ... ...

El Salvador 92 95 92 92 11 101 15.2' ILI:?, . i7 13.0 3.2

Guatemala 91 81 91 81 100 100 20.0 20.1 22.5 21.9 2

Cuyana 87 45 87 45 too 100 0.5 0.3 12.1 12.1 7.1

Haiti ... 96 . 98 100 100 .. , 9.8 Y.8 1

Honduras 41 22 38 19 103 113 -.- 1610.0 11.6 6.5

Jamaica 52 67 52 67 133 122 9.5 9.5 5.0 3.6 8.1

Mexico 126 110 85 93 149 118 15.9 20.1 18.5 14.3 2.8

Nicaragua 60 79 54. 79 102 100 25.6 28.1 20.0 20.1 4..2

Paaa95 ~ 7 95 76 4,100 1,178 2b.2 21.2 25.8 2.1 6.7

Paraguay/a 100 21 100 21 100o 100 3.2 3.2 t.109

Peru/b 83 in1 00 3 160 1.12 -.5.6 . 7.5 -1.7 6.7

TCrinid-ad & Tobago 85 94 85 94 1,110 627 17.1 17.1 15.2 4.8 4.7

Uruguay 22 02 22 a~ 100 100 34.6 36.6 7.9 7.9 1.2

Venezuela 123 05 123 6 ~ 9,500 1,764 20.3 26.3 36.5 3.4 2.1

DNEC

Australia 93 115 65 88 127 136 16.9 18.8 12.5 14.2 9.4

Aust-ria .89 92 86 90 105 103 13.3 13.6 12.6 12.3 12.1

BelKi=m/Luxemb.urS 101 102 91 94 109 108 12.0 12.5 11.9 11.7 11.7

Canada 85 89 65 78 112 107 18.4 20.9 17.4 16.5 13.9S

Denmark 71 77. 70 76 103 103 12.7 12.6 10.4 11.1 8.0

France 94 94 91 92 104 1112 13.1 13.2 13.3 12.8 12.5

Genmany, Fed. Rep. of 100 100 9? 98 102 102 14.1 14.2 14.1 14.0 13.9

Italy 94 96 92 95 107 106 14.5 14.6 14.1 14.0 13.2

Japan 96 98 95 97 101 1110 19.5 19.6. 19.1 19.0 19.0

Netherlands 91 90 87 87 113 113 14.2 14.3 14.3 14.2 13.9

Ne eLnd83 83 81 81 107 107 17.5 17.4 17.4 1. .

Nor-ay 91 100 70 76 111 112 12.1 12.0 10.4 10.7 10.0

Sweden 80 100 77 97 102 101 13.2 13.3 9.1 9.0 11.1

Switzerland 98 96 95 94 101 101 11.6 11.7 11.9 11.8 11.7

United Kingdom 98 95 94' 92 105 104 9.3 9.4 9.8 9.6 9.8

United Statea 93 93 90 92 104 102 9.9 10.1 9.8 9.6 8.2

CPEC

Czechoslovakia 97 98 97 97 101 101 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.4 7.6

Hungary 96 96 95 93 104 100 8.7 8.4 8.9 8.2 8.8

ALL DEVELOPING C0UNTRr,-S i0k 93 77 87 1441 119 11.4I 16.1 14..8 l14.1 8.6

W(3LD TOTAL! 96 89 92 108 105 13.2. 13.5 12.9 12.6 11.2

/1 rowtn rates for All Developing Countries,and World ware computed after adding up those countries for which data are available for both 1p65 and 1971.

/a 1970 instead of 197175b 1969 instead of 1971

For footnotesand source, see Table 19

1965 1.971 Id

SITC SiTC 5 to 8 SITC S:TC 5 to 8

5 to 8 minus b8 1~1 A 7otal. 8 5 to 8 miu oS TtlA oa

--th-iopia 0.11 0.11. 1.31. 1.31. 1,42 1.42 3.70 5.26

clenva 11.55 q.67 1.5.92 27.96 15.27 15,27 20.59 36.003

Malagasy Rep. 5.38 5.38 10.05 10.06 8.12.81 23.21 2657..lawa.i 1.16 1.1.6 1,20 1,20 2.45 2451 12.57 12.57Somalia 6.13 6.07 7.69 7,77 4.14 41 22 22

Sudani 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.79

Tanzania 1.3.47 13.47 6.41 6.41 15.60 15.60 6.3b 14,62

U;ganda 13.25 0.51 0,72 13.46 8.51. 0.27 0 ," 8.24l.ia -7.3812 15 63 7b.07 6.55 0.57 75.49

ZaiTre I- 723 0.126 0.1.8 96.47 98.79 0.13 , 1.4.49 98.79

Cameroon 22.13 5.31 29.10 29.16 18.05 9.71. 28.06 28.06

Cenitral African Rep. 54.47 54.47 3.07 3.90 37.79 37.79 7.02 7.02

Chad 0.81 0.81 2.1.2 5.66 1,78 1.78 2.12 2.12

Congo, Peopl.e's Rep. of 50 88 50.88 6.82 9,40 34.06 34.06 30.74 31.12

Dahiomey 5.68 5.68 6.47 6.60 6,22 6.22 7.70 7.70

Gaborn 1.0,72 10.72 27.46 27.46 7,45 7.45 7.85 9.20

Ghiana 1.71 1.71 13.98 15.00 9.58 9.58 21.35 22.15

:vorv, Coast 5.41 5.30 13.74 13.81. 5.86 5.56 16.75 17.47

Liberia ... -. -. , 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Mali 2.62 2.62 2.67 3,03 8,94 8.94 9.53 9.66

Mauritania 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.16 7.99 7,99 2.02 2.02

Niger 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.44 2,74 2.74 3.47 3.476,77 1.11 1.70 7.37 2.40 0.46 1.44 3.37

Senegal 2.96 2.93 8.58 8.63 23.23 22.84 33.46 39.47

Sierra Leone 64.23 64.23 C.00 0.03 60.91 60.91 0.00 3.03

Togo 4.86 4.86 4,88 4.8? 17.94 17.81 17.30 17,30

Upper Volta 4.54 4.54 5.12 5.12 6.05 6,65 6.74 6.74

ASABurma 2.70 0.23 6.73 9.39 4.53 0.80 12.72 15.91.

China. Rep. of 42.52 41.45 54.13 54.39 ..

Fi-ji Islands 0,92 0,92 1.86 1.86 9.07 9.07 10.73 22.82

Hong Kong 87.18 86.56 85.71 86.55 93.32 93.08 88.76 89,03

India 48,1.6 48.05 46.39 47.26 54.02 53.40 53.81 54.24

Indonesia 1.89 1.53 2.22 16,17 3.07 1.37 3,0 7.75

Korea. Rep. of 60.98 59.31. 60.52 61.94 82.06 81.75 83.28 83.92

Laos ... 9,. ,6 .2 0.00 0.00 40.39 60.39Malavsia, W,est 34,26 6,38 9.2 38,89 34.66 11.56 18.02 41,51

Pakistan LL ,,6.uvQ 36.i,j 3.6.10C 37.u4 555 555 550 56.52

Papua and New Guinea 4,95 4.95 7.51 7.51 5.52 5.52 '5.82 5.82

'hi.Lippines 8,29 8.29 11.46 11.93 7.25 6.82 10, 21 12.80

Singapore 31.10 30.61 35.53 50.28 33.56 33.26 37.20 62.73

Sri Lanka 0.84 0.84 0,72 0.72 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39

Thailand 5.15 1.99 5.46 8.94 16.92 7.82 15.58 25.52

Vietnam, Rep. of L.a 11.04 1.04 1.21 1.21 15,26 1.96 6.65 16.77

EMENAAfghanistan 12.77 12.77 13,.A 13.34 12.73 12.73 19.76 19.76

Algeria LA4.46 4.46 24.60 26,7], -C~. 19 ~ .49 21 *71 21 03Cyprus 5.85 5.85 14.39 14.39 7.32 7.32 18,47 18.47

Ea4YPt 20.48 20.48 21,53 25.60. 27,92 27.92 29.15 M934

Finland 58.70 57.05 90.55 91.35 71.70 68.88 90.80 92.47

Greece 13.82 13.28 33.87 33.91 38,08 30.52 52,04 55.04Iceland 1.66 1.66 2.02 2.02 11.17 2.21 12.54 12.54

Iran 4.41 4.41 5,09 23.73 5.02 5.02 5.69 16.66

ltao 0.76 0.76 2.60 2.60 0.73 0,73 1.99 2,34

Ireland 26,64 25.86 39.84 41.33 34.84 34.49 44.22 45.03

Israel 66.68 64,32 33.5.', 37.87 72,53 70.74 44.26 45.68

Jordan 18.34 18.34 17.51 21.83 38.81 37.71 43.50 44.43Lebanon 23.48 21.66 18,31 18.31 66.70 64.18 62.79 b2.88

Malta 66.71 66.71 74.71 74.71 85,42 85.42 92.75 92.75

Morocco 6.01 5.36 18.07 18.85 15.71 15.71 29.19 29.79

FParEugal 60,58 60,24 78.77 80.54 66.38 66.21 81.27 83.48

Spain. 41.68 39.33 52.0.5 58.06 61.36 60.24 70,62 75.25

Syrian Arab. Rep. 9.79 9.79 10.47 11.44 11.77 11.77 13,45 13.55

Tunisia 22.76 18.84 29.39 33.37 18.16 16.45 23.27 25.71Turkae, 6.05 2,35 8.85 13.77 12.57 12,57 18.96 19.62

Yugoslavia 63.13. 56.49 71.67 74.88 72.82 62.58 77,34 82.78

65

T-ble 21 (continued)

1965 1971 /d

SIC SIC5 o8SITC SITC 5 to85ITo SITC 568 Total A Total B 5 to 8 minus 68 Total A Total B

L&TIN LAMERICA & THE CARIBBEANArgentina /a 5.64 5.61 9.48 10.11 13-98 13.98 22.h2 22.85

Bolvia /b: 10.78 0.00 . 11.78 0.05 0.00 0.05U.j'Brazil 7.78 7.78 14.86 14.86 15.38153263 2.9Chile La 96.04 2.17 14.54 73.64 81.84 4.10 6.47 83.88Colombia 6.46 6.27 7.19 8.82 13.5h 13.12 13.L2 17.27

Costa Rica 14.72 14.72 5,14 15.91 21.33 21.33 24h2 2.Dominican Republic 1.99 1 99 4.81 4.81 4.57 4.57 6.40 6.40Ecuador 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39

ElSlao 17.05 7.5 1.48 2.1 32.97 3i.i5 31.78 3.i22El Salvador 1z9 7 1 15 424 2°5524 27 598 327.56 34-i04 34 04Guatemala 13.91 13.91 152 152278276 h03.O

Guyana 4.72 4,72 5.44 5.44 3.23 3.23 744 .14Haiti .- 19.04 19.04 I 6.34Honduras 4.82 4.43 11.78 12.17 3.uv .i 14.421.3Jn aica 7.26 7.26 13.85 18.39 7.83 7.83 11.64 14.20Mexico 21.80 14.80 17_.36 25.88 44.71 38.12 40.83 49.00

Nicaragua 4.99 4.43 8.2 7 8.4 3 15.36 15.36 19.47 19.47Panama 0.71 0.71 0.75 31.13 1.97 1.54 2.03 23.89Paraguay /a 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.54 8.54 40.39 40.55Peru /b 25.69 0.0 30.81 49.44 35.32 0.87 31.77 35.69Trinicad & Tobago 7.02 7.02 8.26 91.36 13.84 13.84 14.64 91.75Uruguay 1.55 1.55 7.11 7.11 8.62 8.62 10.44 104Venezuela 0.36 0.36 0.29 28.17 1.44 1.44 1.69 30.13

DMECAustralia 17.71 12.28 19.01 24.09 26.52 20.25 22.97 3i.23Austria 78.32 75.18 87.91 92.03 83.84 81,57 90.69 93.26Belgium/Luxembourg 81.55 73.62 80.50 87.89 82.84 76.85 81.57 87.76Canada 46.90 36.19 55.48 62.12 59.13 51.66 66.42 71.11penmark 42.53 42.13 60.36 61.94 54.92 54.27 71.19 73.39

France 72.90 70.52 77.18 80.48 74.85 73.19 79.95 81.74Germany, Fed. Rep. of 88.90 86.73 88.97 91.18 89.60 87.78 89.97 91.48Italy 78.02 76.52 82.81 88.61 83.45 82.58 86.95 92.24Japan 92.03 90.57 95.67 96.30 94.22 93.36 96.33 96.38Netherlands 57.13 55.11 63.01 71.23 57.93 56.39 64.46 72.76

New Zealand 5.49 5.40 6.65 7.14 10.64 10.41 12.82 13.70Norway 66,04 50.39 72.27 80.05 73.50 55,95 73.80 82.71Sweden 69.15 67.06 86.72 88.07 77.55 75.47 77.68 78.82Switzerland 91.80 89.75 94.11 95.06 91.00 89.14 94.50 95.08United Kingdom 84.51 80.95 86.54 90.99 85.22 81.98 89.39 93.26!.'nited States 63.71 61.67 68.64 71.29 70.02 68.58 74.90 76.74

CPECCzechoslovakia 82.25 81.68 84.53 85.55 86.88 86.41 89.01 89.47Hungary 70.97 69.75 73.58 76.18 70.76 68.47 73.91 73.91

ALL DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 25.(46 19.00 24.52 35.20 33.77 31.68 36.32 43.11

WORLD TOTi%L 62.05 58.15 65.16 70.31 70.05 67.57 73.33 76.88

Fg a-.d Sp.pvZr.p' See 'rable 19

- 66 -

.a'bie 22: . or ota, 3'erchar.dzse Exports as Reported in Various Documents

(Illustration from the Latin American and the Caribbean Countries, 1965 and 196 9)

As Per Cent of U'N Trade Yearbook Data' lncernataona1

Direction of Financial UN National IFS as Anrnual Growth Rates

Srade (DOT) Statistics (IFS) Accounts Percent of DOT 165 -1969 (L)

1965 1969 1965 1569 165 1969 1965 1969 UN DOT IFS

Argentina 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.0 113.6 100.0 100.0 1.9 1.9 1.,>

Bolivia 120.0 81.9* 97.3 100.0 118.2 98.9 81.1 122.1 f 13.4 3.1* 1L.2

Brazil 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 91.7 77.6 99.9 100.0 9.7 9.7 9.7

C-i:le 100.0 100.L 99.6 99.8 105 4 96.7 99.6 99.i; 11.7 11.8 11.8

Colcmnbia 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 95-4 134.5 100.0 100.2 3.1 3.0 3.0

Costa Ri-a 97.3* 100.5 100.0 98.4 121.4 121.2 102.8* 97.9 14.6 15.5* 14.1

DGrmin!ican Republic 107.1* 100.0 97.6 100.0 116.9 109.2 91.1* 99.7 10.() 8.1 10.6

Ecuador 123.9* 83.6 --- 100.0 110.6 115.8 --- 126.9 0.4 1.8* ---

El Salvador 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 112.1 110.1 100.5 100.0 1.5 1.8 1.8

Guatemala 99.5 100.0 100.0 102.7 120.4 116.4 100.5 102.7 8.1 8.2 8.8

Guyana 100.0 99.2 100.0 100.0 123.6 106.8 100.0 100.7 5.7 5.5 5.6

Honduras 110.2* 129.5 101.6 100.0 108.3 3'11 1 92.1* 78.6* 7.4 11.3 7.0

Jamaica 97.3 109,8 97.7 112.9 206.7a/ 229.92a 100.5 100.8 3,9 7.1 7.7

Mexico 102.0 100.0 102.3 100.0 162.8 182.9 100.4 100.0 6.3 5.8 5.8

Nicaragua 103.5 102.6 100.0 100.0 818.1 835.5 96,6 97.5 1.8 1.6 1.9

?anama 167.1* 90.8 98.7 96.7 307.7 302.5 59.1* 103.2 11.0 -4,5* 9.7

Paraguay 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.8 149.0 100,0 100.0 -3.0 -2.8 -2.8

Peru 100.3 100.1 100.5 100.8 115.4 120.8 100.1 99.8 6.7 6.6 6.8

Trinidad & Tobago 99.8 99.4 100.2 101.3 120.2 112.9 100.5 101.9 3.8 3.7 4.1

Uruguay 100.0 100.0 100.;0 100.0 83.2 110.0 100.0 100.0 1.2 1.2 1.2

Venezuela 93.3* 100.1 101.4 87.2 96,5 95.1 108.8* 87.1 1.3 3.2* -2.8

* The figures have been derived from the trade returns of other countries.

/a Merchandise exports only.

Sources: U. N., Yearbook of LnfPezraticnal Trade Statistic-s, 1968, 1969.

I. X. F., 1. B. R. D., Direction of Trade Annual), 1961-l9659, 1966-8-1972.

I. M. F., -nternational Financia Statistics, Sept. ly72.

U. N., Yearbook of National Accounts Statistics,, Vol. I, 1970.

- 67 -

Table 23: Industrial Structure of Manufacturig_Sectors, 953, 198196,and 1963-1971For Selected Countries by Major Groups of ISIC (Rev.1) and ISIC (Rev.2)

Table 23.1: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in Argentina, 1960, 196

32-171

Percent Distribution of Value Added

ISIO I N D U S T R Y 1960 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971

311/2 Food Products ......................... 19.00 21.91 17.87 17.16 18.56 19.56 18.33 ) 17.31 16.90 L6.54313 Beverage ......................

311 Tobacco .................................. o53 0.61 0.58 0.5Q o.48 0.49 o.48

321 Textiles...............................322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear- 11.87 10.05 10.87 11.20 10.51 10.28 9.95 12.10 12.06 12.13

324 a/ Footwear .. . e . . ..e ev* *. e..* *.*. . ...

323 Leather & Leather & Fuir Products ........ 4.22 2.76 2.69 2.63 2.59 2.70 2.81

331 Wood Products, except furniture ........332 Furniiture & Fixtures, except metal ( 1.74 1.65 1.71 1.711 1,84 1.77 1.75 4.40 1.66 l.Sts

341 Paper & Paper Products .................. 1.52 1.76 1.80 1.84 1.88 1.66 1.76 ) 4.08 4.33 4.2/

3112 Printing &Publishing ................... 3.641 3.60 3.23 3.39 3.58 3.25 3.53 )

351 Industrial Chemicals ................... 1 1

352 Other Chemical Products ................. 7.13 7.49 8.12 7.93 6.05 7.91 7.94 17.68 19.58 19.85

353 Petroleum Refineries .................... 25

354 14isc. Products of Petroleum & Coal ....... 7.14.8.94......8.20.8.82.8(*o*8 *5

355 Rubber Products ......................... 1.36 1.211 1.37 1.53 1.411 1.33 1.26

3,1 Pottery, China & Earthenware ............362 Glass & Glass Products .......... ( 14.32 4.34 4.19 4.40 4.72 4.85 5.22 4.46 4.54 4.60

369 Other Non-¶etalic Mineral Products ......

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries 9 ( 8.66 8.91 10.65 10.50 9.09 9.16 10.01 5.58 6.25 6.//372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries ....

381 Metal Products, except machinery ( 1486 14.79 16.93 17.29 16.59 16.62 16.06 ) 30.43 31.11 32.06

382 Machinery, except electrical ........... (383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc 6.69 5.41 5.77 6.o4 5.86 5.611 5.76

384 b/ Transport equipment ................... ... ... ... ...

356 Plastic Products ......................385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc. ( 7.31 6.52 6.06 5.66 5.98 5.87 6.90 3.95 3.57 2.59

390 Other Manufacturing Industries ..........

TOTAL 99.99 99.98 100.02 100.01 97.99 c/ 99.99 100.01 99.99 100.00 100.1l

a/ Itemized Data not available.

b/ ISIC 384 included in 381 and 382.

0/ Remainder includes non-itemized data.

... Not availableSOURCE- IBRD, Report on Argentina No. WH-204, November 1970; and No. 31a-AR, February 1973.

68

Table 2 2l.:I TrlalStrutur Io' 1tsu fecturi-i ~cosin Brazil, 1953, 1258 -1263Kl22

Percent: DistribuLtion of Gross V, Iue Added at Current J'actor Co,;L

ISIC I N D U S T R Y 1953 1958 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

311/2 Food Products ...................... 16,148 114,o6 llJ.?6 111.140 1J4.3 1)1.37 114.4 .12.1i5 12.92313 Beverage .-................ 14.14o 3.13 2.87 2.76 2.65 2.145 '2.55 2.56 2.673114 Tobacco ...................... 2.20 1.56 1.51 1.145 1.32 .1.09 1.147 1.)12 1.46321 Textiles ....... ............ 18.68 13.75 11,60 11.147 11.119 10.77 9.814 l0.86 10.09

322 Wearing.Apparel, except footwear 4-hIo 3.75-117 3.06 2.90 3.15 3.12 2.98 2.fW3214 Footwear .... ...................

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Pr-odacts .,1.10 1,25 0.80 0.8'2 0.86 0.82 0.814 0.78 0.63

331 Wood Products, except furniture .... 4.140 3.13 2.60 2.21 2.01 2.39 2.15 2.146 2.61

332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal ... 2.20 2.19 1,514 1.56 1.55 i.614 1.69 1.63 1. 5 8

31a3 Paper & Paper Products................ 3.30 2.81 2.90 2.51 2.37 2.38 3.23 2.701 2.65

3142 Printing & Publishing ......... 3.30 3.13 2.1t9 2.06 2.147 2.63 3.05 2.96 2. 98

351 Indust-rial Cliemjicals. ................,. 10 35 h

352 Other Chcsaical Products ... ....... 109 137143 58168 179 1665 65352

353 Petrolemis Re-fineries 1099 13751..3.1.8.1.7.1.7....5.6.3..53514 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal .... (3155 Rubber Products............................2.20 1.88 1.92 2.1.1 2.214 2.03 1.76 2.171 2. (8

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ............. C362 Glass & Glass Products ................... ( 6.59 6.56 5.15 14.97 5.11 14.88 5.57 5.91 5.8'369 Other Non-i4etalie M-ineral Products ... (371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries .....372 Non-Ferrous M-etatl Basic Industries .. ( 9.89 12.19 12.75 11.67 11.63 10.93 10.146 11.52 C 1 .381 M4etal Products, except machiucry

382 Machiinery, except electrical ...... 2.20 3.13 3.08 3.33 3.79 14.1(11 5.07 5.37 5.99)383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc.. 3.30 14.38 6,12 6.38 6.06 5.86 6.11 6.140 b.263814 Transport Equipment ............... 2.20 6,88 10.38 10.62 8.79 9.19 8.39 7.9') 8.64;

356 Plastic Produc-ts ............... , 1.71 1.68 1.79

385 Professional Phiotographic, Goods, etc.. ( 2.20 2,50 2.514 2.82 3.08 3.17 1.85 1.75 1.71390 Othe--r Manufacturing Industries .... ,...

TOTAL 100.03 100.03 100.00 100.01 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.99 100.01

a! ISIC 353, 3514 are included in 351.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I.

- 69

Table 23.3 Industrial Structure of ManufacturinR Sect rs in Chile, 1960, 1963-1967.196

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at Current Market Prices

ISIG I N D U S T R Y 1960 1963 196)4 1965 1966 1967 1969

311/2 Food Products ..... ....... 10.9 16.88 17.14 16.43 17.05 15.61 ( V.'t0313 Beverage .......................... 4.25 4.30 4.19 4.86 4.88314 Tobacco .................... . .4.19 3.81 3.38 3.44 3.40321 Textiles 1.......................... .0.1 13.36 12.41 12.50 13.67 13.23 10.70

322 W.aring Apparel, except footwear ........ 2.61 ( 3.18 1.75 2.82 9.20324 Footwear .................... ....... ( 2.00 ( 1.76 1.89 2.07

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products 1.09 1.12 1.08 1.18 0.99331 Wood Products, except furniture ......... 4.0 2.19 2.48 2.64 2.20 1.86 4.20332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 0.67 0.59 0.65 o.66 o.84341 Paper & Paper Products ................. 1.1 4.43 3.48 3.49 3.22 3.18 l oo342 Printing & Publishing ................... 3.89 3.95 3.49 3.46 3.07

351 Industrial Chemicals ................. (....2 8.44 8.29 9 el7 9.48 7.710352 Other Chemical Products ............... 2

353 Petrolemn Refineries ....................354 Misc. Products of Petroleum & Coal .. ( 2.55 2.07 1.32 0.98 0.73

355 Rubber Products . 2.13 2.46 2.22 2.46 2.07

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ............362 Glass & Glass Products ... ............... 5.5 5.16 4.34 4.142 4.70 3.92 13.110369 Other Non4letalic Mineral Products (

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries 8........... 89 6.25 ( 8 18 4.75 4.64 4.99 6.23372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries ...... 1.28 ( 4.34 2.99 6.37

381 Metal Products, except machinery ,........ 3.9 5.89 6.78 6.41 6.08 5.67 6.0o

382 Machinery, except electrical ........... ( 2.67 2.95 2,89 3.48 2.91 (383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc ... ( 6.3 2.79 2.89 2.87 3.26 4.15 6.8 0

384 Transport Equipment ..................... 3.6 5.16 5.93 6.25 6.15 6.86 9. o

356 Plastic Products .............. ..........385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.... ( 25.5 2.13 2.13 2.35 2.40 2.59 18r; 0390 Other Manufacturing Industries (...... (--

TOTAL 100.0 100.01 100.04 99,78 a/ 99.99 99,99 yg 3.00

a! Remainder includes repair of footwear and manufacturing of made-up textile goods (except wearing apparel) which are not itemized.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. IIBRD, Report on Chile, Vol. 1, Main Report, WH-202b 9-10-70

- 70 °

Table 23-L: liiJustrial StruScttire of I -uufucLuringt Sector s in th u REpublic of Chiunf 1966-1969

Percent Distribution of CrossValue Added at Cfurrent Factor Cost

ISIC I N D U S T R Y 1966 1967 1968 1

311/2 Food Products ....... O ., .. 19.52 15.81 13.31 11,(L)313 Beverage ............................. 0.67 0-59 0.91 ( .( ;314 TobDa cco ....................... 2.91 3-ll ° 4h.05 2 ,l321 Textiles ............................ 11.47 11.80 12.38 12.21

322 Wearing Apparel, excePt Footwear..... ( 1.17 ( 1.05 ( 1.16 ( 1.23321/a Footwear ............................. ( ( (

323 Leatlher, Leather & Fur Products ...... O.08 0.12 O.07 0.08q331 WoCd Products, except Furniture 5.43 6.76 6.81 4l.61332 Furniture C& Fixtures, except Metal ... 0 .32 0.54 0.-31 Oji?313 Paper & Paper Products 3.17 2.53 2.1-I, 1 .6)31h2 Printing & Publishing.. 1.17 1.40 1.1( 1 .7i'

351/b Industrial Chemicals (15.7? (16.71 ( 17.68 (11h."58352 Other Cherical Products ( ( ( (

35 Pt101U 1 .- Sn ri S(10).06 ( 9.51 ( 9.1l3 (1().12i353 Petr-oleum Re fire, ries ................. 1C.0 .1 9 3 ( )3514 1 1isc.PrudUcts & Petroleum. & Coal ( ( ( (

355/a Rubber Productts ...................... 1.27 .-33 1.3IX 1-97

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ( ( ( (362 Glass & Glass Products ............... ( 8.83 ( 9.29 ( 7.83 ( 6.37369 Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products. ( ( (

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ( ( ( (372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries ... 3.23 ( 2.61 ( 2.78 ( 7.17

381 Metal Products, except lMachinery. 2.16 2.56 2.31 2.l1)382 M-lachinery, except Elctrical 3.57 3.37 2.!7 2.96;383 Electrical Machinery, Apparatus, etc. 5.08 5.88 7.>2 7 - s38hI Transport Eqiiipment 3.36, 3.9( h.84 2.fi356/b Plastic Products....................

385 Professional Photograp hic Goods, etc. ( ( ( (390 Other Manufacturing Industries ....... 0.79 ( 0.88 ( OW? ( 17131

TOTAL 99.99 99.99 99.' 9, .,

/a ISEI 32!t inclured in 322 and 355.7b ISIC 356, 352 are included in 351.

SOURCE: The Republic of China, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Report on Industrial and Cononercial Surveys, No. 3, December, 1970.

-71-

Table 23.5: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing-Sectors in Colombia, 1953, 1958. 1960, 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Addedat Current Factor Cost

ISIC I N D U S T R Y 1953 a! 1958 a! 1960 I/ 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971

311/2 Food Products ............................. 18.21 16.02 lh.16 13.78 15.58 15.09 16.28 16,61 15.514 13.59 13.98 22.99

313 Beverage .................................. 22,75 11i 87 11493 15.13 11.914 a/ 15.69 13.08 U.14oo 114.39 13.78 13.140O 114.21

3114 Tobacco .................................... 3.714 6.99 5.57 14.05 5.10 ;7/ 5.00 14.04 14.12 14.614 3.73 3.69 3.33

321: Textiles .................................. 17.81- 16.514 15.68 114.93 13.52 13.68 12.69 114.22 15.17 12.59 164514 26.80)

322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear......(((2.90 (2.80 2.86 2.51 2.70 5.28 3.50 3.29

3214 Footwear ............................... ( 6.67 5.141 5.03 0.86 ( 14o1 0.75 0.71 0.63 0.63 1.07 0.514 0,88

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products .... 1.73 1.4~5 1.Iil, 1.16 1.10 1.214 1.241 1.114 0.96 0.97 0. 95 0.9J

331 Wood Prodmwts, except furniture ..... 1.13 1.02 0.95 1.00 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.01 0.97 0.9 1.02 1.014

332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 0,93 1.02 0.814 0.76 0.72 0.70 0.72 GA61 0.80 .0.72 0.80 0. 6:

3141 Paper & Paper Products ................. 1.00 1.142 1.83 2.814 2.75 2.35 3.01 2.66 2.99 2.914 2.914 3.1)

342 Printing & Publishing ...................... 2.87 2.914 2.86 2.79 2.86 2.71 2.86 3.23 2.914 2.5;b 2.87 2.86

351 Industrial Chemicals ..................... ((((((6.17 6.39 (12.13 3.30 3.19

352 Other Chemical Products ............ 5*914 8.97 10,18 10.00 10.148 11.00. 12.144 7.01 6.145 ( 8.05 7.36,

353 Petroleum Refineries ................... 3.62 14.11 ( 2.92 3.75 3.9'.)

3514 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal ..... 1.67 3.37 3,51 2.90 2.92 2.30 2.82 b/ b/ (0.20 0.02 0.0?

355 Rubber Products ..................... , 2.40 2.35 2.145 3.39 2.72 2.72 2.61 2.57 2.59 2.02 1.61 1.97

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ........... 0.514 0.58 C0.55 0.61 0.51i

362 Glass & Glass Products ................. 6.60o 5.6o 5.81 C6.12 (5.86 C6.o14. 6.1414 1.114 1.17 C1.33 0.88 0.85

369 Other Non4letalic Mineral Products ... ((((((2.13 2.19 C3.92 14.27 3.72

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries .......... 2. C2 CA61 .2.143 0.27 0.59 b- b 2.149 2.57 2 5,1w

372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries: 53 203.3 2.05 ( 1.12 1.03 1.-38 b.oTh 0.11, 0.92 0.55

381 Metal Products, except msachinery .,2.00 2.84 3.55 14.146 14.148 14,82 14.82 14.72 5.05 5.1 lb 4.75 1 4.141

382 Machinery, except electrical ..... 0.1. o47 '0.80, 0.88 1.12 1.26 1.214 1.23 1.23 1.18 1.85 3.05 2.83

383 Electrical Machdinery, mpparatus, etc .,. 0,73 2.01 2.39 3.22 3.09 3,149 3.76 3.32 3.07 3.28 2.57 2.77

3814 Transport Equipment ., ................ 1.87 2.38 2.52 2.52 2.514 2.31 2.01 2.68 2.18 2.91 2.76 2.55;

356 Plastic Producats ................. ........ ((((((1.36 1.614 1.143 1.39 1.38

385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.... C 1.07 (1.92 (2.02 (2.32 (2.30 (2.62 C2.52 0.15 0.17 '..10 0.22 0.30

390 Other Manufacturing Industries ........ (. C( 1.23 1,10 0.914 1.07 1.07

TOTAL 100.12 100.12 99.98 98,93 2./ 100.00 98.914 i/ 98.87 i/ 99.99 99.99 100.00 100.02 100.02

a! At current mairket prices.

b/ ISIC 3514 and 371 are included in 390,c/ Renainder includes repair of footwear and mfg. of made-up textile goods (except wearing.apparel) whiich are not itemized.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol.. I; 1970 and 1971 unpublished data obtained from U.N. Statistical Office, New York.

-72-

Tabla 23.6; Industrial Structure of Manufacturjli_ Sectors in C.os~ta Rica, 1953, 6,_9 3- L571.

PerCenL Distribution of Gross Value Added

ISIC I N D U S T R Y l953Z_a 1960 1963 i961, 1965 1966' 1967 1968 1969 1970 19,3I

31)12 Food Products ...... ...................... 25.56 341.55 33.01 29.86 28.o9 29.1i 28.68 28.868 28.26 32.3 29.31

3;............... -J 15.15 3T.9 1) i/ 3. 51 I.? .17 11.7? 12.' 203.

3111 Tobacco. ...................... 5.18 It. 88 5.55 5.11 It.89 11.81 11.87 5.12 5.29 4.5 4.3

321 Textiles.................................. 3.85 3.97 3.99 11.22 41.15 41.37 11.33 41.30 11.11'S 3.9 14.0

322 WrlGApparel, except footwear .... 9.67 7.02 6.78 6.08 5.63 5.57 It.90 41.57 11.3h 4.7 5.0

3211 Footwear.............................

323 LcaI.lier &TLeather & Foar Products .... 2.25 1.36 1.02 o. 81t 0.75 0.71 0.87 0.95 0.2 0.6 1.

331 Wood Pro)ducts, except fturniture .... 11.)18 8.78 8.38 8.17 7.70 7.38 6.72 6.119 6.1I7 5.8 5.'

332 Furniture & 1tsc,except inetal 13. .97 h.1.00 3.66 3.38 3.28 3.23 2.89 3.06(y 2.91t 2.7 2.7

341~ Paper &,1 Paper Pruducts .................... 0.20 0.29 0.941 1.02 1.00 1.0.3 1.31 1.28 1.36 3. 1 1 .?

31t2 Printing & Ptublishiing............. ..... 2.90 2.80 3.20 2.91. 2.85 2.85 3.01 - 2.87 2.80i 2.7 2.5

55 InLtilCsiar............1.02 5.31 7.03 9.80 9.841 8.j7 9.66 9.16 9.10u 8.5 9.5352 Other Chanical Products .......

353 b/ Petroleun Refineries ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

3511 Z/ Misc.Prod cts of PetroleuLm &- Coal ... ..... ... ... ... .2.14

355 Rubber Products ............................ o6 .86 0O71 MI81 0.91 1.03 1.25 2.67 2.55" 1.9 2.2

361 Pottery, Chtina & Earthenware ....362 Gloss &, Glass Products .............. , . 2.59 2.91 3.30 3.30 4i.63 11,65 5.19 6.36 6.95 4.6 4..

369 Other Non M.etalic Mineral Products

371 Iron & St.el Basic Inductties372 Non-Ferrous M-etal Basic Industries .... ( 0.65 1.06 2.17 3.20 1t. 21 41,01 2.65, 2.61 2.68 2.6 2.f

381 Metal Products, except machineiry ......

382 Machine-ry, except electrical . ..... 0.82 0.59 0.97 1.05 1.06 1.11 1.37 1.52 1.611 1.9 2.1

383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, J~tc .. 0.141 0.56 0.57 0.79 0.93 1.76 1.93 1.63 1.57 1.6 1 .7

3811 Transpurt EquipmeiLnt ....................... 2.73 3.32 2.37 2.52 3.12 3.32 41.05 3.71. 3.59 3.7 /.

356 Plastic Products 1..0.212.....2.8.3011.....291..0.2.385 Profesuional. Photographice Goods, etc... ( 1.60 .0 21 .1 .83-431 .130 ,

390 Othier M-anufacturing Industries.....

TOTAL 99.98 98.81 /c 99.99 100.01 99.93 100.llfp 98.90~ 100.01 100.u02 99.9 100c.1I

a! Data refer to 1955.

bi Included in ISI0 361.

c/ Remainder includes non-itemi zed data.M. ot available

Source: 1IBRD, Report on Costa Rica Mo. CA-7 April 19 71 and Mo. 3610-CR Vol. II Mazrch 1974.

-73-

Table 23.7 Industrial. Structure of Manufactui!in _Sictors in Greece, 1958. 1960, 1963-1970

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Addedat Current Factor Cost

ISICI I NDIU ST RY 1958 1960 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

311/2 Food Products .................................... 12.04 12,20 14.-hit 11.67 i/ 13.54 13,51 14.77 14.90 14.4s5 13.89313 Beverage ............................... 4,16 4.03 3.16 3.112 3.55 3.53 3.71 3.63 3.25 3.74314 Tobacco ............................,,,... 12.53 10.36 4.ho 6,62 4.86 4.80 4.19g 3.72 3.18 2.58321 Textiles ......................................... 21.28 18.80 14.48 17.72 13.97 13.34t 13.90 13.58 13.41 12.92

322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ...... 4 ( 5.37 5.46 6.05 4.94 4.37. 4.11324 Footwear ............................ 3.1 C 7 1.89 3 .38 1.82 1.46 1.75 1.76 1.48 1.46

323 Leather & Leatlier & Fur Products ..... 1.00 1.31 1.74 1.42 1.54 1.47 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.87331 Wood Products, except furniture ...... 1.57 1.74 2.95 1.40 3.15 3.00 3.20 2.94 2.87 3.1.5.332 Furniture & Fixtures; except metal .... 1.54 1.63 2.69 1.57 2.78 2.71 3.44l 3.39 3.55 2.5t.341 Paper & Paper Products .................. 2.06 2.68 1.88 2.45 1.95 2.03 1.92 2.13 2.11 1.97342 Printing & Publishing .............. 3.88 4.13 3.81 3.94 3,41 3.52 3.55 3.45 3.40 3.34

351 Industrial Chemicals .............. lo8 133 7.46 8.30 h/ 8.49 8.37 3.10 2.86 3.45 3.15352 Other Chemical Products 10.89.10.33.......(3.91 3.94 . 4.37 3.93

353 Petroleum Refineries ............ ..... ( 0,32 3.69 2.73 2.75 1.57 1.39 1.25 1.13 1.82 19354 Iliso. Products & Petroleum & Coal ....... C0.22 0.19 0.36 .)355 Rubber Products .................. , 1,98 .1.211 1.35 1.53 1.15 1.241 1.27 1.17 1.36 1,12

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ............ o .62 0.74 0.95 0.99362 Glass & Glass Products ......... ,.........( 7.02 C6.64 (7.19 . (8.74 (8.24 ( 7.75 1.26 0.92 0.85 .1.01369 Other Non-Meta'lic Mineral Products ,......(( 5.84t 6.18 6.07 6.11.371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries .......... ( 1:24 (1.41 1.30 1.19 1.40 2.28 2.56372 IJon-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries .... 2.99 3.0 0:55 4.28 0.11.66 2.47 2.82 3. 72 5.25

381 Metal Products, except machinery...... 4.32 4.61i 6.39 3.97 6.56 6.79 6.57 6.21 6.41 6.66382 Machiinery, except electrical ............. 2,17 1.82 2.96 2.80 2.99 3.06 3.20 - 3.14 3.21 2.73383 Electrical Machinery, apparat-us, etc. .... 2.11 2.79 4.14 5.90 4.liS 4.47 4.-94 4.94 . 4.83 4.89384 Transport Equipment .. ... ,............ 3,30 4.14 6.15 5.79 5.73 5.59 3.31 5.00 3.62 4.09

*356 Plastic Products .. ............ ,........(. (( 2.03 2.40 2.14 2.07385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.,....( 1.24 C1.58 C2.45 C 2.34 C2.52 C2.76 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.32390 Other Manufacturing Industries .... C....... o.64 0.85 0.83 0.85

TOTAL 100.01 99.98 99.04 2' 99.99 99.15 2/ 99,19 2/ 99.99 100.01 99.99 99.84

a!Mfg. of cooking fats is included in 351, 352.

b/Mfg. of cartridge & projectiles i.s included in 381,

c/ Remainder includes mifg. of made-up textiles, goods and repair of footwear which is not itemized.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I;1970 -unpublished data obtainied from thie 1J.N, Statistical Office, New York.

-74 -

Table 23.8: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in India, 1960 196,-1 68

Percent Distribution of Gross Valni' Add-.1aL Current FacLor Cost

ISIC. INDUSTRY 1960 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 19681

311/2 Food Products ...................... 13.69 10.28 10.19 10.61 11,23 9.56 9.27313 Beverage ............... no o.......... 034 0.36 0,50 o.65 0.58 0.52 0.62314 Tobacco .......................... . -... 2.31 1.91 1.71 2.30 2.01 2.19 2.80321 Textiles ... ........... 29.71 26.51 26.16 214.26 22.106 22.98 22.29

322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ( 0.15 ( 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.163214 Footwear ........... .............. ( 0.25 0.13 ( 0.31 0.11 O.)i) 0.13 0.18

323 Leather & Leather & har Products ...... 0. 46 0.28 0.32 0O33 0.144 0.36 0.39331 Wood Products, except furniture ....... 0.88 0.66 0.67 0.78 0.65 0.59 0.63332 Furniture & Fixtures, except mnetal .... 0.I2 0.114 0.101 0.149 0.119 0.43 0.881,31R Paper & Paper Products ............ 2.07 2.18 2.09 1.86 1.89 2.08 2.a1342 Printinig & PublishinFg . ................. 3.06 2.69 2.149 2.76 2.1h2 2.57 2.63

351 Industrial Chemicals .0 ................... 65 12.69352 Other Chemical Products ........ 8.51 9.47 9.48 9.59 10.15 10.65 12.69

353 Petroleum Refineries .................. 2.16 ( 2.06354 Ilisc. Produc:ts & Petroleimn & Coal ,, 1.83 1.77 1.36 1.07 2.00 ( 0.29

355 Rubber Products ...................... 2.45 2.35 1.88 2.16 2.16 2.03 2.816

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ........... ( ( 0.31362 Glass & Glass Products .............. ( 4.57 4.38 8.23 4.25 1478 -53 ( 0.60369 Other Non-Metalic Mineral Products ( ( 3.18

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ....... (. 11-39 ( 9.59 10.81 9.16 10.088.89 114.314 23 .7 1372 Non-Ferrous Metal Pasic Industries ,,.. ( 1.92 ( 2.20 2.35 2.67 1.90

381 Metal Products, except Machinery ., 2.714 3.36 2.90 3.614 3.13 2.98 2.83382 Machinery, except electrical .......... 3.79 5.17 5.87 6.32 6.22 6.72 6.50383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc.,, 3.37 14.02 4.l)h 14.97 5.13 5.58i 8.91384 Transport Equipment ................... 9.41 9.00 9.314 10.15 9.91 10.01 9.20

356 Plastic Products . ... ........... ( ( O.63 0.62385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.. ( 1.30 1.60 1.60 1.69 1.29 ( 1.36390 Other Manufacturing Industries ........ ( (

TOTAL 100,01 100.02 100.02 99.98 L/ 99. 98 a/ 100.01 99.99

a/ Remainder includes repair of footwtear and manufacture of made-up. textile goods, (except wearing apparel) wThich is not itemized.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I;1968 unpublished data obtained from the U.N. Statistical Office, New York.

- 75 -

Tab.aa 23.9; Industrial Structure of iianufacturing Siectors in Iran, 1963-l971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Addedat Current Prices

ISIC 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971

311/2 Food Products ........................ 19.51 21.80 16.21 22,78 20.71 20.11 19.69 18.65 18.33

313 Beverage 1.25 1.29 0.79 1.72 0.98 1.60 1.87 1.95 1.85

314 Tobacco 10.45 8.............................. 895 8.51 3.91 8.04 8.63 8.25 7.31 6.4ls

321 Textiles 22.83 17.k3 26.37 17-93 19.48 17.39 15.24 1hl.16 13.7YJ

322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear..... 7.11 10.56 11.82 13.2ki 10.01 10.40 10.89 10.51 9.97

324 Footwear.........................

323 Leather, & Leather & Fur Products .... 2.16 1.09 1.01 0.52 0.41 0.58 0.57 0.52 0.46

331 Wood Products, except Furniture ...... ( 5.67 6.90 3.28 3.23 3.18 2.65 2.16 1.91 1.71

332 Furniture & Fixtures,except metal ....

J41 - Paper and Paper Products 0.21. 0.24 0.52 0.46 1.0k 0.51 0.70 0.86 1.11

342 Printing aid Publishirg.; 3.33 1.57 0-93 0.72 1.15 1.50 1.92 1.81 1.69

351 b Industrial Chemicals .................. ( 2.61 2.52 3.74 5.18 4-36 4.49 k4.58 6.63 7.07

352 Other Chemical Pro ducts .............

353 Petroleum Refineries .................. ( 0.01 0.33 0.33 0.28 0.J17 0.70 0.62 0.58 0.64

354 Misc.Products, Petroleum & Coal ....... (

355 Rubber Products .................. 0.87 2.27 0.91 2.15 2.25 2.39 2.56 2.1a2 2.28

361 Pottery, China and Earthenware ........ (

362 Glass and Glass Products .............. ( 7.55 7.85 9.07 10.41 8.67 10.16 9.88 9.92 10.29

369 Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products...

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ......... 0.70 0.73 0.46 0.63 1.9R 2.01 1-95 3.16 3. 1?

372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries....

381 Metal Products, except Machinery ...... 7.89 6.7k 5.68 6.07 5.74 5.83 5.71 5.99 6.,(j

382 Machinery, except Electrical /a 0.73 0.66 0.71 0.63 0.64 0.67 0.68 0.68

383 Electrical Machinery, Apparatus etc 0.95 0.77 2.51 2.24 3.86 3.27 4,02 4.11 k-83

38k Transport Equipment 5.75 /a 6.50 5.23 6.36 5.83 5.76 7-50 7.67 8.26

356 /b Plastic Products ...................... ... ... .... ... ...

385 Professional Photographic Goods ........ ( 1.11 1.73 1.97 1.k6 1.22 1.36 1.23 1.17 1.09

390 Other Manufacturing Industries ........

TOTAL / /b 99.99 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.98 100.01 100.01 99.99

& ISIC 382 included in 38k./b ISIC 356 included in 351.... Not available.

SOURCE: U.N., The Growth of W4orld Industry Vol. I; and I.B.R.D.: Basic Economnic Mission to Iran (1973,forthcoming)

- 76-

Tal -3.10', ndu,'tri_StructLure of ManufactUr ing Sectors in Israel. 1958, 196o,_1963-1971

Percent Distributionl of Gross Value Addedat Current Market Price

ISIC 1958 19650 1 963 196111 1965 1966 1967 I l9- 1969 1970 1,

311/2 Food Products .......... .................... 11.10 11 .514 11.91 10.66 11.15 11 .514 12.79 10.30 11.01 1.1 ~ J(

313 Beverage ............... ..... 1.141 3.314 3.20 2.93 2.88 3.014 2.88 2.52 2.47 2.42 2.25

3114 Tobacco ...................................... '55 5.29 3.75 2.98 2.88.7 1.9 35 .376 3.41 3.62

321 Text,iles ......................... 12.23 lo.68 10.147 10.80 11.11 10..914 11.16 11.97 816 86 ..

322 .-pa Anvipar-cL, exceLpt footwYear -( 3(983.78 2.81 0.93 2.51 2.1411 2.62 2.76 14.29 4.78 4.1

321..982.61 o.85 0.2 0.72 0.62 r..,62 0.5? 0.38G32t FootweLr0.v 07

323 Leather & Leather &. Fur Products 0.57 0.514 0.50 G.146 0.149 0.118 0.53 0.112 0.40 0.1.6 0.56

331 Wcd Products, except, furniture .... (555726.8 ( 2( ( 1 -9 ( (17 45 2.60 2,51 2.78

332 VW-riitutre & FLy,tuwe:, except metal (55 57 .8 62 .4 49 41 4S 1117 1.2?' 1.28l

341 Paper & Paper Products ... I.....2.28 2.16 2.514 2.37 2.23 2.32 2.58 2.76 2.35 2.46 2.9U1

3142 Printing i Publishing ....................... 1.27 14.1t2 3.75 14.i1h 4.09 3.95 3.87 3.83 3.77 3.-4s 3.27

351 Industrial Chemicals 6.12...6...IaI'..a.8.28 1.02 3.96 4.506 _1 /a_15/ 7.22 6.52 7.70 7.~68 8. 65 82

352 Oaiier Chemnical Products ............ (.. (3.25 3.5', 'J.70L353 /b Pue.rc,Ieiun Refineries .................

3514 -L, Mis'~. Products & Petroleumi &- Coal ....

3 5 5 Rubbpr Products .................. 2.56 2.59 2.32 2.37 2.27 2.08 2.4~7 2.119 2.47 2.32 2. 63

361 PoLt.in' China & Eartliewarcu ......... ( 0.70 0.7IF 0.71

36-2 Glasa Glass Products.....................(11.214 (10.79 (9.148 (8.99 (9.00 (8.35 (6.53 ( .47 06 .9 07

369, Other N4on-I4uetalic Mineral Products ((((((((5.04 5210 5.27

371 Iron &a Steel Basic Industries ...... 2.56 (2.59 2.98 (3.63 3.014 2.838 2.35 2.70 2.12 1.73 1.68

372 Non-Ferrous Nietal Basic Industries ( .50 0.145 0.52 0.53 0.92 2.10 1.92 1.88;

381 N-etal Products, except m,.achinery 7.25 7 .23 6.01 6.66 7.09 6.67 7.140 7.90 10.14 10.64 10.77

382 M-1achinery, except. electrical ..... 5.12 5.61 6.31, 6.89 6.69 6.07 5.69 5.67 6.014 5.77 5.56

383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etIc 3.141 3.56 14.58 14.33 14.146 1,.95 5.09 6.987 .3 8.44)

3814 Tran~r-ort Equiji'.ent .......................... 7.1{0 7.98 6.149 8.29 9.69 9.62 8.50) 7.214~ 6.74 8.58 8.A

356 Plastir, Products ........................... ((((((2.77 2.74 2.85

385' Professio:ial Photographic Goads, etc.. 5.141 /b (5.93 lb (5.95 (6.035 (6.00o 6.75 (7.17 (8.76 0.142 o.ss 0.56

390 Othier lianufacturing Industries .......... i ((( ((4.19 3.35 3.43

TOTAL 100.01 /a 99. 90 /a 100.02 97.89 /a /c 100.00 99.99 99.-99 99.99 99.97 99.99 99.81

/a Zxcluffi .G ranufac-asring of explosives and miscellaneous chemical products.7F ISIC 35,~. and 354 are included iai 385 in 1958 and 1960, and in 351 in subsequent years.

Tc Remainulr >;1-.udes non-itemized indus-txies, but nothing can be said about ISIC 353 & 3514.

SOURCE- i'M The Gro,qti of WorI] TndLtstry, Vol. I. siaofceNu,Yr.1911 5-rA-US!YiTiddshelsnt3're the U1.N. Statisia OfceNwYuk

- 77 -

Tabl 23 *11: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in Ivory Coastat 19, 1960, 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Addedat Currenit Market Prices

ISIC 1995/s 196 0l, 1963/a i9613/a 1965Lb 1966Lb 196?/b 1968/b 1969/b 1970 1971

311t2 Food Products ........................ 37.25 ( 32-93 ( 33.97 ( 31.96 23.57 23.56 24.2,3 24.36 25.86 23.38 2Ij.88

313 Bevera£e .......................... ( ( ( 5-10 5.75 5.67 5.56 5.52 4 -14 1h.23

3113 Tobacco .............................. C ( ( ( t/c

321 Teiles .............................. 11.35 13-58 114.81 14.93 12.10 12.07 11.86 17.95 17.24 15.03 15.3)i

322/c Wearing Apparel, except Footwear.

-324 Footwear ...... .......................(

323 Leather, Leather & Fur Product s ( 1.91 ( 2.87 ( 3.61 ( 3.42 ( 3.10 1.80 1.56

331 Wood Products, except Furniture. C ( ( C ( ( ( ( (

332 Furniture & Fixtures, except MetaL ... (19.28 (18.37 (16.50 (18-57 ( 20.38 ( 13-37 ( 15.136 (12.39 ( 10.69 7.55 6.57

331/c Paper & Paper Products .............

3 427E Printing & Publishing ................

351/d Industrial Chemicals .................. 17-79 (18.72 (17.17 (17.22 ( 4.46 ( 5.17 ( 4.12 ( 4.70 ( 5-17 5.140 5.1L8

352 Other Chemical Products ............... ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

353/c Petroleum Refineries .................. 19.60 17.68

35hre -Misc.Products & Petroleum & Coal.3557d Rubber Products

o0.90 C.78

3617-c Pottery, China and Eartenware.362re Glass & Glass Products ...............

2.70 -2.50

3697;c Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products..

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries /........ e /e /e /e ( 1.27 ( 1.72 1.0, 1.28 1.72 0.90 0.94

372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries . 7e 7e Ze 7a ( (

381 Metal Products, except Machirtry ..... ( 89.1i 9 1.2.06 ( 13.78 ( 12,1(

382/e Machineryj, except Electrical.....4......( C ( ( 6.37) 6.90) 6.70) 5.13) 5.52) 14.68 5.01

383 Electrical Machineiy, Apparatus, etc . ( ( ( ( ) )

384/f Transport Equipment , 12.71 13.22 12.37 11.54 11.38 8.99 b3.8[,

3567d Plastic Products 1.27 1.15 1.55 1.28 1.38 4.14 4.23

385n Professional Photographic Goods, etc. I.136 6.90 6.19 6.141 6.55

390 Other Manufacturing Industries ....... 2.95 4.34 3-77 13.91

TOTAL 99.99 100.00 100.00 100.OoLe 93.63/f 93.68Lf 92.79/f 94.'02/f 94-13j5 l0J.0l lO'.00

a/ Otriginal data are of doubtful reliability. -

2,kf C..pured from highly rounded data in two digits.

ci The dat& for 1SIC 314, 322, 341, 342, 353, 354, 361, 362, and 369 cannot be itemized.

d/ ISIC 355 is included in 351 as well as in 356.

e/ ISIC 371 and 372 possibly included in 381/2/3.

f/ Remainder includes non-itemized data.a/ Includes "Building Materials" in addition to ISIC 390.

SOURCE: IBRD, Report on Coast No. AW-28, Vol. I, June 21, 1971, and 296-IVC, Dec. 113, 1973

Table. 23.12: 1nd-strial Str~.cLur,e of Manu,f-~CtUr1n9 S'cL.rs in Jzpar,15 9J1d- 7

Perce!nt Diatribution of Gress Va1ue Addcaat Current Factor Cost

ISIG 1953 1955 1 96ti 1963 196:1 I 965: 1966, 1967 1.9L 19614 1. 1 971

31-1/2 Food Products ............. 6.81 7.37 6.142 7.18 6.9l. 7.23 7.11 7.6 6.-65 6.27 6.31 613?

313 Beverage *. .... ........ 2.61 2.58 2.13 1.93 1.78 1.86 2.00 i- 5 1.98L0 1374 1.72 1 . Z

3111 Tobacc a.................................... ... 3.28 3.10 3.120 3.00 ... 0.52 0.49 0.42 G.49

321 Textiles ................................. 13.97 10209.3 8.31l 7.86 7.66 7.311. 7.62! 6.93 6 .5-1 6. iv .'

322 Wea.ring Apparel, except footwear... 1.514 1.32 1.17 1.28 1.66 1.214 1.30 1.410 1.24 1 .' 13

3214 Foatwear ............................. /a /a a 0.22 /a 0.22 0'. 2 0.1 (.16 0. 1t~ t 3

323 IiLqt1er ',Leather & Fur Products ... 0.214 0.31 0.251 0.36 0.314 0.35 0.33 0).15 0.28 Q 0 01

331 Wood Prodae La, except furnitu're .... 3.143 3.211 2.86 2.98 3.02 3.05 3.15 3.55 3.3 ~ 2. .

332 -Furniture & Fixtures, except matal 0.95 1.10 1 .05 1 .)45 1 .1.11 114 155 0.930.

3141 Paper & Paper Produacts .................... 4.62 3.91 3.83 3.67 3.5? 3. 56 3.55 .3.06, 3. 17 3~ 54

3412 Printing & Publishing ...... .............. 5.27 5.17 14.01 14.53 14.-146 14.1 14.71k 14.96 L4.44 4 3 i

j351 Industrial Chemiacals ...................... 12.91 (11.28 (11-72 ( .52 (1 -7 (.00 ((I8~ O. 95 4; 4L~

352 Other Chem:cal Products .................. (3(. 1.2 19751 8 691; 64

353 Peiroleem- Refine-ries ..................... .60 11.59 3 1~.0 i&9 l'.35L4 Misc. Products & Petroleus & Coal (1.60 ( 26 .13. 13 1(1 .43 1.1j 0. 2~ .1

355 Rub-ber Pre-dacto .......................... 1.72 1.01.67 1.59 /3 . 1. 14S I; /d I.; Id I .1.1

361 Pottery, Chiina &,Earthenware.............( ((( 9 .16 0' 0 .

362 Glass & Glass Products ................... 5.145 (1179 C 4.73 C 4.75 ( 680( 4.6 1.9 1.01 I3 - "369 Other No4tai ineral. Products .. (. ( (( 41 .1. 44 3.i~3

372 Irun-FSerru etl BaiInasicrindstries 9.1 (1~1.22 6.59 9.216 6.89 7.0 , 5 7. qc 6.81 73 7-I

371 Iron-&Serr etl Basic Industries........ .6 ~ .31.7.7 1.78 1.92 1 ~.9 1.83 -

381 Mota-1. Products, except machinery' 3.85 4 .25 14.51 5.4' 1 5.-52 .11 5 5.38 6.c,'i 6.28 6. 9. 6. '3'

382 Machiner-y, except electric-al ............ 6.314 8.16 9.22 9.31 9.06 8.95 8.86 9.614 11.18 1. 5~3 12.22 2.3

38 lcrca ahnry, apparatus, etc.. 5.89.514 10.53 I10.8 og.613 9.42 9.47 10.20 08 I1.3 1 .1 i.7

3614 Tr. .....r............ 7.8? /c 10. 61 Ic 9.39 /C 8.72 9.; /c 9.21 9-07 9.5116 10.33 9. .4 9.53

35:5 Plastic Products ......................... (C(CC1.71 1.83 2.04 2.01. 234!

3.35 Profe!sul nal Ph.otographic Gaods, etc. ( 2.8' ( .00 (4.05, (41.71 /d ( 6.86 5.11 /d 5.15 / 1.33 1.29 1.1 1.27 14

390 Other 4~cuidIndustries (.(..... ( I .811 1.75 iu) 1.C I _ 15

±T3TL 100.08 iIs/cl 99.92 IflgIc 1001.01 NgfSIc 99.77 Ie 1 00. C2/2 /b/c 99.714 Ie 99.72 /e 99.99 If 99.97 10' .0f 99.92 1.'

/a Included in 322.7-5 includes- sa:lt mining -.nd ~arig7F Excludes rc-uair of m-atcr vehicle.:7E ISIO 356 i-ncluded 4in 355 and 385,390 combined.7; Yz:ri--r-.:Lrn~ , msda-up textile is not included in the table.

7-g Excludes repair. of footwear.Niot avsi1,1.le.

SC'Tt: N, ~r;.h o ~.rd 1~ ~ Vol. I;1971 obtiiaed.ta~Li.u3: frju, t1he -14 Statistical Office, l1ei York.

-79-

Table 23.13: Izdustrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in Kenya, 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Addedat Current Factor Cost

ISIC 1963 19614 1965 .1966 1967 1968 1969 190 1971

311/2 Food Products ............. 18.82 18.13 17.56 15.914 14.75 6.816.72 19.021 25.29

313 Beverage ................ (16.34 (i7.16 (i5.oo (14.36 (14 30 10.39 9.89 14.0$I/

3114 Tobacco .....................4.07 4.07 14'35 .3

321 Textiles ............... 3.97 3.146 3.15 14.214 14.73 7.66 5.85 5.68 6.3

322 Wearing Apparel, except Xootweex 14.21 (2.72 (4.014 (4.35 (2.85 12125 1.11

-214 Footwear ....................1.51 1.11 12

323 /a Leather & Leather & Fur Prodchts 0.46 0.63 0.148 0.55

331 Wood Products, except furniture .... 2.08 2.15 2.09 2.20 2.38 2.56 2.30 2.li3 2.18

332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal . 0.32 0.143, o.64 0.70 0.55 0.85 0.95 0.96 1.114

3141 Paper & Paper Products ........ 2.05 2.02 2.143 2.86 1.96 1.68 1.72 2 .0oil 2.72

3142 Printing & Pa.ilishing ......... 5.68 5.10- 5.02 5.142 5.141 5.32 4.83 4-9 3.145

351 Industrial Chemicals ............7.03 7.28-- 9.1-

352 Other Chemical Products ........ 9.02 (13-78 (11430 (11482 (13.20 4(76.96.1

353 Petroleum Refineries .................6.55 6.0O1.74 5.1

3514 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal .... C355 Ab Rubber Products ............ 0.75 0.79 0.58 0.76 0.91 0.77 1.04 0.96 C'.99

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware .... C...C --- 0.33

362 Glass & Glass Products ......... 5.78 (6.03 (7.144 (6.76 C6.80o 7.26 (6.69 (7.15 1.07

369 Other Non-Metalic Mineral1 Products CC(C( C6.l

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ........ C

372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries ... 7.80 6.509592 .o -- -

381 Metal Products, except machinery ..... (C (6.80 5.94 78 9

382 Miachinery, except electrical 0.... .60 0.58 0.56 1.19 1.141 0.71 .0.90 1.00 0.55

383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc. 14.82 14.25 14.30 14.148 5.01 5.49 5.51 6.36 5 .58a

3814 Transport Equipment .......... 20.11 17.614 16.99 15.81 18.97 11.96 16.26 /b 10.79 114.62

356 Plastic Products ................385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc. o .62 (0.80 (0.82 o .88 C0.714 C 1.02 C1.08

390 Other Manufacturing Industries .....3.1.53

TOAL. 0.02 99.99 100.01 100.00 100.00 99.99 100.00 100.02 99.9!/

a/ ISIC 323 included in 355.b/ includes the repair of motor vehticles. --- Not Available

SOURCES: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I; 1971 unpublished data obtained fromn the U.N. Statistical Office, Mew York;

Government of Republic of Kenya, (Ministry of Economic Planning and Development), Statistical Abstrac,t. 1969.

-80 -

Table 23.14i: Thduetij ust XCr ~.r"rtj~j.3J .n-A. i--117

Percent Distribution of Gros.s Value Addedat Current M-arket Prices

IS'.C 195-3 1958 1960 1963 1961: 1965 1966 1567 1968 1969 191(1

311/2 Food Products ............. 13.79 2i.1:8 16.75 8.79 8.15 7.09 7.95 7.91 7.29 6.88 8.58

313 Baverage .................................. 7.148 7.30 9.31 9.12 12.85 9.78 8. 85 7.38 8.22 7.54 8.10 74

.311: Tobacco ................................... 11.21 10.88 10.30 13.68 .. 9.60 8.4:6 8.1:9 7.26 8. 841 9.67 (9

321 Textile:s............................. ..... 16.59 18.02 18.90 17.143 19.01 17.149 15.32 17.99 15-28 15.10 ii.a l I

322 Wearing App.arel, excapt foottwear 1o7 5.9 (Q7 2.12 (292.3 3-33 4:.39 3.84~ 2.97 2. M 3.

324 Footwear ................................. (((0.33 ((0.32 0.1:3 0. L-6 0.31 02 I)

323 Tzather & .eather &Far Products 2.57 1.31 1.22 0.33 0.19 0.36 0.38 0.29 0.27 0.1? 0.20

33 Wood Productb, excapt furniture- 1.87 2.31 2.33 3.1:2 3.70 2.1:2 3.53 3.14: 1.01 2.90 3,19 1

332 Fuirniture &-Fj7turas, excespt metal. 1.87 1.31 1.13 0. 65 0,52 0.90 0.83 0.72 0.70 0.4?7 07310 ~31:1 Paper & Paper Products .................... 1.4:0 1.92 2.03 3.75 14.28 3.4:1 3.97 2.89 2.88 2.43 2. 'J.

3142 Printing & Rublishilng ..................... 5.114 3.11 3.73 14.07 5.82 2.96 3.59 2.70 3.12 2.99 2.76

351 IndustriaLl CYEb;~icals ..................... . 14: 3.2?7 3s94 9.61 (8.13 9 51 (8.21 0.72 2.92 6.79 5. 9' .9

352 Othsr Chemrical Products................... ( (((7.96 9.714 5.37 4JLLL

353 Petroleum Rafinaribs ........... 1 7( 1(2h 24(7.0 .h .0 6.s9 14.r14 6.-53 7.10 )

354 Miisc. Products & Petro:iual 4- Coal (11 21 215 ~ ~ .o (.71.51: 1.69 1. 53 1.351 .'

355 Rubber Produc;t.s............................3.50 2.1i2 2.66 2.93 L4.20 3.32 2.12 2.17 2.19 1.77 1.9'.

361 Pottery, China & Earth-er.uare ......... C C 053 0.33 07. ̀ ( 0, G~i. f -L

36'2 Glass & Gl1ass Products.................... 4.:4 ( 5.69 C 4.96 6.03 ( 8.28 ( 6.73 ( 6.67 1.01 0.73 0. 9r - 1.0'

369 Other Nori-".Laltzc l{ineral Products ... (CC 5.16 5.11: 4.83 ,7 J'

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries .. 070...77..269 2.93 ( Q (5 02 3.65 3.33 3.35 3.25

372 11cn-Farrous Hiatal Basic Industries 0 Q40 0.83 0 .5,3 0.50 0. 5i 92j t.'.

381 lfetzal Products, e-xcept machinery .... 1.17 1.50 2.12 2.28 2.05 2.1:2 2.50 2.1:1 2.55 2A 43 ?.'I 2I

382 liadhinery, eixcept electrical..... 3.01: 3.27 3.37 2.28 2.81: 2.4:2 2.76 2.80 2.2,5 1.96 ~ 1., I3',

383 Iec -Acl achnery, apparaLtus, etc. 0.70 0.65 0.81 2.441 2.85 2 96 3.65 2.27 3.1:8 3 3. f,

381: Transport Equifaent ........................ 1.67 3.31 3.52 3.26 2.61 3.68 5.38 h;- .. 14.814 6.01 ',~ 43

3516 Plastic. Prod-acts .......................... C(C((0.39' 0.70 0.78 0 bU

3 85, Professional PiioLoodraphic Goods, etc.. 2.5?7 2.57 ( 2.72 ( 1.63 1.4:5 ( 2.15 C 2.69 0. 214, 0.20 (J. 3' G.3 0.?

39c Othner Ma~nufacturing Industries ....... C( C .140 2.022 2.10 2.$ ~ 2~

TOTALT 99.77 /9- 99.97 100.01 100.01 1,00.13 100.00 999.99 99.99 99.99 99.99 9. 1

/A Recorded total is 1:.28 vhereas the calculated total is 14.27.

nfl12aEj3: L%-, The cro th of World Ind-.stry, Vol. 1~

1971 unpublished data obitained from the U.N. Statistical Office, New York.

Tah].s 23.15: industr-lial Structure of Hanufacturing Sectors in West Halswaia. 19660. 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value AdiLdat Current Factor cost

ISIG INDUSTRY 1 960 i1963 1 964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971

311/2 Food Products ............. 18.82 15.31 114.75 16.8?e 16.141 10.44 16.06 10.61 16.10 114.16313 Beverage ................ 4.06 5.19 14.10 3.13 1s.45 2.34 4.13 4.14 3.64 3.583114 Tobacco. 1. ..... ... 4.43 5.68 5.914 5.71i 7.06 9.66 6.54 7.98 7.20 7.16321 Textile s ............... 0.714 1.23 1.23 1.39 1.814 2.18 2.29 2.42 2.29 2.86

322 Wear-ing Appariel, except Footwear.... 0.714 0.00 (0.41 0.00 0.00 -. 0.57 ---. 0.17 1.133214 Footwe'ar ............................. ( 0.149 ( 0.35 0.31 - 0.11 --- 0.17 0. 140

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products ...-- 0.25 0.20 0,17 0.15 -- .30.17 01331 Wood Products, ex6ept Furniture.....12.18 7.90 8.81 9.91 8.714 9.81 10.78 11.31 10.00 9.63332 Furniture & Fixtures, except Metal.. 3.32 2.147 2.25 2.09 1.814 --- 1.03 --- 0.59 0.563141 Paper & Paper Prodacts....................... ........ 0.37 0.119 0.61 1.014 1.07 -- 0.69 -- 0.176, .3142 Printing & Publishing ......... 8.24 9 6.91 6.76 5.39. 5.06 7.17 6.08 5.96 6.19 6.21

'351 Incut.Arial 1hmcl..........Cl 214 16.514 (16.60 (13.91 (114.57 (0.93 ( 2.41 1.31 1.53 2.31352 Other Chemical. Products ............... ((CC(8.72 C 6.65 7.37 7.54 6.1.3

353 Petroleum Refineries ...........-- 2.147 C 1451 (5.714 (5.83 C C 4.59 .4.04 3'- 33511 Misc.Products & Petroleumt & Coa,!--, --- (*. ( --- -(- 3.56 (

355 Rubber Products ............ 5.514/b 5.i19k 5.33/c 6.26/c 5.9

8/c 6.23 5.85 4.65 4.32 5.(

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware .......... ( 0.16 0.11 0.20 0.08 0.16362 Glass & Glass Products ................ ( . 5.514 7.16 7.17 7.148 5.83 --- 0.46 --- 0.34 0.140369 Other Non-Metallic Mineral ProdcYnts. * 8.41- 6.54 6.87 6.36 6.1i11

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ......... 3.32 3.95 14.30 14.35 5.52 5.92 2.18 (3.33 2.54 247('372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries. ... 0.23 (0.25 0.32

381 M's Prdz: exce-pt !4adiirery... 14.o6 5.14 14.51 14.52 3.68 C 4.47 4.14 3.56 14.36382 Machinery, except Electrical ...... 3.32 3.70 3.118 3.65 3.22 C2.34 (2.87 1.72 2.54 2.6.3383 Electrical Machi-::ry, Apparatus, etc.. 0.37 1.23 1.02 1,014 1.81, 2.29 --- 2.71

3813 Transport Equipment- ....... 6.27 5.93 5.12 14.52 14.25 C 1.25 (2.18 3.13 3.05 3.1102356 Plab-tic Products .............. C C :--- (0.92 -- 1.103.3385 Professional Photographic Goods, et ( .21 (2.147 (2.87 C 2.1411 2.30 C 75 20.81 1)2 lid390 Other Manufacturirg Industries ....... C24.45 ( *s. (11.69

TOTAL 100.02/b 99.99/c 99.97/c 100.00/c 99.95/_c 100O.01 100.01 99.99 99. 611 I k;.:,.0j

a/ Preliminary Estimatesh/Possibly footnote c/ appliesc/Excluding processi7ng of natural rubber both on and off estates.--Not available

SOURCES: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. 1;1971- unpublished data obtained from the UN. Statistical Office, New York.

- 82 -

T_blc 3,316: Initiust.ri I_Str'ictu2e of ¶b,uf cl.utt,rlur, Sc(.tet(!s J n I, iuxi r.O1 <Lt)Lnl-l,

PEereent r,i' t il,t0I lti n of Gross Valtie d1:li ,at CturrenLt Mlarlet Price's

ISIC 156(! 1963 196k 1965 1966 1967 1I Vi,

311/2 Food Products ............ , .( ( . (313 Beve(rage .............................. 31 .2? 29. (28-57 (26.91 (25.95 (214.82 (214.7? C7-17314 Tobacco .............................. ( ( ( (

321 Textiles ...... .....................322 VWearing Apparel, except Footear...324 Footwear ............................. 15.97 1h.-11 15. 5 16.87 16.03 19.03 1>.12 20 .th323 LeAther, Leather & Fur..............

331 Wood Products, except Furnitu-re .. (... 6. ( 6.97 ( 7.47 ( 7.23 ( .112 C 7.00 ( 6.$z C (5.1332 Furniture & F:L%tres, except Metal ... ( ( ( ( (3141 Paper & Paper Products ............... ( ( ( ( (342 Printing & Puhlishing ................ ( ( ( ( ( (

3 5 1 /a,/b Industrial Chemicals .............. ( ( ( ( (352TT Other Chemical Products 9.............. 951( 9-23 ( 8.54 ( 8.147 /b ( 8.75/b ( 8-5eLŽ C ,.4V

3 53/ Petroleum Refineries ................. ( ( ( ( (MI; Misc.Prodiects & Petroleum & Coal- ( 15.7 ( 16.kd ( 15.33 (114.7k (13.90 (1IJ.13 (i.2t; ( t.

35!,/b, Rubber Products.....................

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware .......... ( ( ( ( ( (G6? Glass & Glass Products ................ 3-17 3.52 ( 3.61 ( 3.83 (h1.27 (14.33 C 14.1414 C 14.

369 Other Non-Metallic EIneral Products. ( . ( ( ( ( (

371 Iron & Steel Bristh Industries.... ( ( ( (37? Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries .... ( 5.25 5.05 | 5-.08 5-03 ( 5.140 5.09 ( r ,, r tijg31 Meta Products, except Machiiery ( ( ( . ( . .

382 Machinery, except Electrical ( ( ( ( ( ( C t383 Electrical Machinery, Apparatus, etc.. ( 12.5B C 114.47 ( 16.35 (16.93 (13.28 (17.014 (18. i (17.6.

384/ c Transport EquipTment .................3'Arb6 Plastic Products ....................0 ,nc Professional Photographic Goods, etc..

39cT-c Other Manufacturing Industries.

'TOjL' /a/b/c 1 00. 00 100.01 1 00.00 100.01 1 U .0 1C. I it.7. ? 1C .0

a! Part of ISIC 351 & 352 combined with ISIC 353 & 354. This m.ay include crude oil.bj ISIC 355, 356 combined with ISIC 351 & 352.cl Data for ISIC 384, 385 & 390 cannot be itemized.

V"'C: IBR), Report onr: ico, No. CA-14a, November 15, 1971.

-83-

'Table 23-.17: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing'Sectors in Pakistan, 1958. 1960, 17614-196,8. 1970

Percent DiEtribution of Gross Value Addedat- Current Market Price

1510 1958 1960 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1970

311/2 Food Products ............................ 12.014 8.514 16473 114.86 17.21 18.38 14.50 114.99313 Beverage................................. 0.314 0.39 0.86 0.98 o.86 0.94 0.58 0.60314. Tobacco.................................. 5.38 5.31 8.014 7.76 9.31 10.44 8.146 7.96321 Textiles................................ 45.94 142.59 33.86 31.59 30.00 30.47 -31.29 32.38

3 2 2 Wearing Apparel, except footwear.....2.13 /a 2( 7/na 1.52L/a 0.114 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.0143214 Footwear ..... ........................... ...- 20 _(2.02 1.03 0.22 1.02 0.08

323 Leather & Leather & Fur- Products 1.37 c.814 1.41 0.93 1.13 1.06 1.32 1.95331 Wood Products, except furniture ....... 0.26 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.18 0.15 0.8332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 0.34 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.19 0.221d 0.24 0.123141 Paper & Paper Products .................... 2.73 2,20 2.60 2.27 3.02 1.21- 2..00 1.313142 Printing & Publishing ............... 3.16 2.39 1.146 1.142 1.36 1.42 1.63 1.148

351 Industrial. Chemicals ..................... .(803 (8-67 (12.23 (12.81 /b (10-75 lb 13.25 h4.05 3512_352 Other Chemnical Products ............... , 3.33 2.34k.2353 Petroleumi Refineries...................... ... C 0.97( 0.01 ( 4.13 2.99 3.55 2.22 7.98351 Misc. 'Products & Petroleurm & Coal . ( C((0.02 0.02

355 Rubber Products ............................ 60 /a 0.39 Ia o.141 /a 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.73 2.06

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ......... 0. 16 (0.17 0.19362 Glass & Glass Products ................... (3.76 (5.214 (2.82 (3.03 (3.59 0.40 (0.141 0.3$369 Other Non-l4etalic Mineral Products ... ( (0.34 (2.88 3'99

.371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ........... 3 59 2.52 (2.7? 2.92 2.56 2.68 2.88 2.39372 Non-Ferrous M4etal Basic Industries .. ((( -0.06 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.02331 Meta-l Products, except machinery ..... 3.25 3.88 2.18 2.30 2.13 2.18 2.27 1.81

382 Machinery, except electrical ..... 1.79 2.114 1.52 1.51 1.141 1.57 1.514 1.21383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus' etc. 2.13 1.88 2.69 2.7 2.63 3.15 3.7 3333814 Transport Equipment ...................... 2.65 2.91 2.51 2.90 3.5o 2.83 3.214 1.39

?356 Plastic Products ........................ ((((/ b01 .01.514O5 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.(.2(66. 6.11 C 41 .00.22 0.440.33

390 Other Manufacturing Industries .. (.....C0.52 L7 ~ 3.89

TOTAL 100.25 Ic ioo0.o6 100.03 100.00 99.9 99 99 998

a! Rub)ber footwear is included in ISIC 322 and 324.bi ISTO 356 included in 351.C/ Actutal total is Rs. 1,174 mtllion, whereas recorded total is Rs. 1,171 million.

d/ 1,'n'tfacture of metal furniture.

,;oPRCE UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I;1970 unipublished data obtained froin the U.N. Statistical Office, New York.

-814 -

Table 23,18: Industrial Structure of 1{anufacturing Sectors lin Peru, 19§633j197

Percenit Distribution of Gross Value Addedat Currenit Niarket Prices

ISIC 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971{

311/12 Food Producets ............. ........ 29.67 26.33 214.1 8 25.21 25.59 25.00 24,37 214.11 1 5. 20L313 Beverage ......... ...... 6.814 8.16 8.61 8.111 8.67 7.76 7,89 6.5o60,314t Tobacco ................ 1.23 1.06 1.101 1.72 2,06 2.21 2.73 2.26 3.11321 Textiles ............... 11.67 10.14o 1 2. 21 10o.80 9.143 9.149 8.40 8.146 14.314

322 W4earing .pparel, except footwear 1.77 ( .0380(32' 30 ,11.91 1.34:324 Footwiear ............... ( (3.0 10(6 0. S9

323 L.eathe~r & Leather & Paur Products ... 0.72 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.70 0.61 0.58 0.72 1. 56331 Wood Products, except furniture .... 0.71 0.914 0. 99- 1.-06 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.12 0. 2332 Fu~rniture &FliyLw-es, except metal .. 0.96 1.18 1 .26~ 1 .15 1.23 1.61 1.60 1.147 0.953141 Paper & Papier Products ......- 2.67 2.38 2.20 2.145 2.69 1 .69 1.20 2.20 0.823142 P-rint-ing & Thublisl&ing . ........ 2.89 2.69 2.82 3.065.7 2.78 2.84 2.85 2.37

361 Industrial Chemicals ..... 13..........0.. ~69907 1011111.57362 Other Chemiical Products (...... .. (.... 6.6.353 Petroleiuu Rufinuries ........... (2 .6 (7 .7 2( (7 7 C -2 5,97 5. 363654 Prod-, Is & Petroleiu,i & Coal 2.2.663 6.1 3.9 .0 .177.11.7 0.09355 Rubber Products ............ 0.87 1 .01 1.142 1.75 2.12 1 .96 1.94 - 1.77 2. 2 3

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ......... C ( .82 0.53362 Glass & Glass Products .......... 4.15 4 .62 5 .17 (5.16 5 .214 14.114 4.33 0.56 1.01369 Othier 11on4Metalic, Mineral Products ... I ((( 16 ~ 1.011

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industr-ies ..... 13.64 (12.02 C8.614 7 66 7 .42 7 .81 9.70 5.147 1.17372 lion-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries .. (((((((..2.60

38 etal Products, except machinery ... 2.61 2.142 2.614 2.91 2.66 2.61t25528 2.68

382 Machinery, except electrical . .... 2.16 1.96 1.86 2.16 1.99 2.07 1.97 2.147 2.1138.3 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc. 0.78 0.99 1.08 1.60 2.19 2.314 2.66 2.79 3:163814 Transport Equiprm-ent .......... 4.148 3.80 14,15 14.12 14.62 3.654 3.80 3.73 2.65

356 Plastic Produclts ..................... oa3 865 PrafessioILal Photographic Goods, etc.. .. 3 .. 1.9.217 (28 C29 ~ ( 30 0.06 .039 Other Manufacturing Industries ...... (..I( ( 9 . ( 03.8

TOTAL 99.99 100.01 100.00 99.99 99.99 99,99 99.99 1.3100

Noat available.

SOURCE: UN, The Gr3Wth, 3f locrld Industry, Vol. 1i90and 1971 unpublishied data obtained from the UN Statistical Office, New York.

-. 85

Table 23.19: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in thle Philippines. 1958, 1960, 1963-197-1

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Addedat Current Prices

ISAC I N D U S T Rt Y 1958 1960 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971

331/2 Food Products .... .............................. 25.146 27.57 27.89 28.20 23.25 21.147 25.76 25.85 23.74 26.77 27.5Y

313 Beverage ....................................... 8.35 7.66 7.146 8.144 9.36 9.91 8.69 9.09 8.45 7.95 8.11

3114 Tobacco ............................... ....... 7..785 14.82 14.13 14.31 5.27 5.23 4.61 14.82 8.26 6.66 14.53

321 Textiles ....................................... 5.89 5.79 6.69 5.80 6.27 5.914 14.48 14.314 6.26 6.16 8.75

322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear .....0.92 0.58

32ki Footwear ........................................ 4.114 3.714 2.78 2.146 2.77 2.68 7.00 6.146 2.19 0.16 0.10

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products.... 0.21 0.145 0.26 0.28 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.214 0.23 0d17 0.34

331 Wood Products, except fuZtnifurne .... 5.33 14.25 5.08 5.35 5.314 5.75 14.61 5.02 4.59 14.114 14.27

332 Furniture & Fi-xtures, except metal 0.91 0.91 0.77 0.91 0.80 0.90 1.56 1.145 0.58 0.39 0"

3141 Paper & Paper Products ......... 2.03 2.61 2.27 2.26 2.39 2.58 2.23 2.29 2.56 3.17 2.8;'

3142 Printing & Publishing ......... 3.86 3,146 3.07 3.51 14.09 3.39 3.142 3.1t2 2.89 2.514 2.66

351 Industrial Chmaicals ............2.71 2.56

352 Other Chemical Products ........ 8,56 9.142 8.1414 10.00 31.12 12.146 10.10 10.10 11.71 8.55 8.140

353 Petroleum Refineries a....a!........(/ ( b/ b/ (7.09 6.10

3514 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal ..... 'El 'El (.1 3.77 It1.16397U / 52 02h (.6

355 Rubber Products....................... 3,30 3.18 2.85 3.15 2-.88 3.29 3.29 3.26 2.66 3.03 2-2?

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ......0. 36 0.314

362 Gless & Class Products .......... 3.86 3.63 14.13 14.75 5.141 5.30 14.29 14.53 4.96 1:L80 1.92

369 Other Non-Metalic Mineral Products..... (1.96 2.86

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries 3 .311616 .121 1.0- .6& .9 09 0.70,8

372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Indlustries ... 1.33153 1416o 2021649 2 51627 092 00

38'± Metal Products, except machinery 1...4.91 5,50 3.91 14.06 14.514 14.91 6.914 ~ 6.39 ~ 4.52 2.118 3.1i

382 Machinery, except electrical ........ 2.10 1.87 0.91 o.614 0.66 0.714 1.25 1.30 0.85 0.88 0).97

383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc .. 1,26 3.06 14.146 14.56 14.16 14.13 3.61. 3.18 3.24 3.5/1 39.95

3814 Transport Equipment .......... 2.66 2.~95 5.145 14.95 3.71 3.58 2.97 3.09 3.14 3.27 3.18

356 Plstc rodct.......................... (0. 90 1.1535 latcPrdctf............0.1/

.o. -)6

385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc ... ( 7.99~t ( 7.49' / (18 1.01 1.53 1.29 c/ c/9(0.3o5 02

390 Other Manuracturing Industries ... 84..(..1.9..3.02

TOTAL 100.00 99.89 100.01 100.01 100.00 99.99 100.00 99.99 100.00 100.03 99.98

a/ ISIC 353, 3514 are included in 385.

!I/ ISIC 353 and 3514 included with ISIC 381.

0/ISIC 390 included with ISIC 371 and 372.

SOURCES: IBRD, Report on Philippines No. EAP-16a, August 10, 1970;

UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I;1971 unpublished data obtained from the U.N. Statistical Office, New York.

-86-

Table. 23,20: Indutstrial Stru~cLure of Manufacturing~ SectLrs in Sireapore, 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross VueAd.ddat Current Factor Cost

ISIG INIDUSTRY 1963 19614 1l965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Yuli

311/2 Food Prodhucts ........ ....... 7314 8.05 8.87 8.33 10.32 9.70 8.00 6.714 6. 553113 TBeraCC .................. 7.91 6.96 7.514 7.19 5.97 14.63 3.58 3.10 2.14'313 Tberacc .................. 6.58 7.145 7.35 6.17 6.17 3.51 2.72 2.22 3.70

321 TexNtilE-s ..................... O6 / 0.93 1.0 % / 1.75 2.33 ?. L."322 Wearing Anpp.rel, except footwear ....... 1.43 3.40 3.23 (2.13 (2.34 2.13 2.14'i3214 Footwear ... .................... 2.53 Er/ 0.66 3 355 14 a/ 0.59 0.53 0.61.

323 Leather & Leather &- Fur Products ...... 0.31 0,13 0.33 0.J42 0.146 0.147 0.37 0.27 0.21331 Wood Products, except furn~iture ....... 4.83 5.614 5.36 5.614 5.37 6.73 5.84 5.32 14 .71332 Furn-iture &- Fixtures, ex-cept m-etal 1.65 1.68 1.141 1.5.5 0.93 1.141 0.87 0.97 .. F 53141 Paper & Paper Products ........... 0.73 0.82 1.08 1.09 1.1.5 i.1414 1.23 1.0;6 1.(f(3142 Prin,ting &- Publishlji ........... 10.50) 10.29 9.61 8.7.7 7.72 5.87 4.84 L..5? 14dI

351 Industrial Chericals ................ 0.84 (61.20 3.4 .145F(((4.80 3,27 3."2"352 Otlher Che rical Prodirts ................... 2.3358 13.75 16.156 1h;6 .2.353 Petrolemi Refineries ................ ( 3 (1 -4q 157 C 1 7 .5 5354 Misc, Products & Petroleisa & Coal .. (.......~355 Rubth&.-1roducts ........ I......12.985 7.92 5.-86 6.29 6.68 6.21 7.18 L4- 6 L4. 1.

361 Pottery, China &- Earthenware ............. -4 ( .40C.1362 Glass & Glass Products ........... 8.61 ( 7.12 C 6.52 C6.50 ( ' 14. 414 2.13 ( .I369 Other Non-4Mfetalic Mtineral Products CCC(3.76 (2 .50,

-371- iron r& Steel Basic Industries ....... - 5 .03-13 -43.18 3.3`6 2.85 1.~551,372 Non-.-rroto Metal Blasic Industries ........

381 M-etal Products, c:.:cept r-achinery ...... 7.314 7.78 8.15 6.143 6.56 6.814 6.2a 6.38 5.23382 Machinery, except electrical ......... 2.148 2.014 2.140 2.69 2.896 2.79 2.32 2.148 2.35r383 Electrical machinery, a-pparat

ui, etc. 3.32 3.23 3.07 3,11 3.22 2.714 5.67 11.26 12. 393814 Transport Eqim. ......t..... 7.1 0 8.61 7.214 7.147 8J06 10.fy5 14.87 114.10 114. 53

356 Plastic Products .............. ......... 0.78 (0.85 1 -(6 1.35385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc ..... 1.89 C 1.91 C 2.146 (2.32 C 3.43 0.07 ( O-U0.390 Other Manufacturing Industries ........... 2.3.C2.3

TOTAL 99.95 99.98 10.3 99.99, 99. 3 ~ 99.99 99.99 V100.00 59~. 92

a / 1966 and 1968, l4fg- of irade -up textile goods except wearing apparel is included in 1I1I3 322.

SOURCE: UNf, The Cro.rh of Vorld Tndustrv,Vol. I;1971 unpubli-shed data- obtained f rc-i the U.N. Statistical Office,lfew York.

- 87 -

Table 23.21: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in Spain, 1963-1921

Percent DistrLi*Ltion of Gross Value Addedat Current Factor Cost

ISIC 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 196a 1969 1970 1971

311/2 Food Products ....................... 6.67 7.142 /a 6.76 6.85 8.79 8.71 7.76 9.07 8.31313 Beverage 3.39 3.50 3.54 3.60 3.83 3.76 3.35 3.35 3.21314 Tobacco ...... @ .;.,........... 2.00 1.80 1.98 1.90 2.10 1.99 2.08 2.04 1.93321 Textiles 1........... 14.21 13.05 11.86 11.12 10.63 9.39 9.67 9.41 8.87322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear . 2.63 ( 2.74 3.26 3.36 3.12 2 97 3.10 3.36324 Footwear . 1.61 ( 1.48 1.56 1.78 2.00 2.00 2.07 1.65323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products 0.97 0.90 0.91 1.70 1.17 1.35 1;64 1.50 2.50331 Wood Products, except furniture 1.69 1.42 /b 1. 13 1.53 1.95 2.11 1.64 1.31 2.2h332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 14.42 3.88 79 3.88 4.02 4.62 4.54 4.02 3.79 3.7"341 Paper & Paper Products ..... 2.47 2.31 - 2.03 2.79 2.83 2.74 2.84 3.25 4.04342 Printing & Publishing ..... 2.84 2.71 2.89 3.06 3.33 3.35 3.01 3,20 3. 91351 Industrial Chemicals ..... ( 9- 80 149 (10.79 5.87 6.42 6.47 6.50 6.18352 Other Chemical Products .... .( ( ( ( 14.87 5.o8 5.33 5.39 4.95353 Petroleum Refineries ................ ( 74 266 3.01 ( 2.85 1.74 1.78 1.60 1.31 1.02354 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal ( ( ( ( 0.52 0.143 0.28 0.54 0.5?355 Rubber Products ..................... 1.78 1.70 1.87 2.02 2.05 2.34 2.42 '2.54 2.63361 Pottery, China & Earthenware .( ( ( ( 2.19 2.014 1.89 2.02 1.93362 Glass & Glass Products, .............. 7.09 ( 9.94 ( 7.47 ( 7.94 1.62 1.62 1.50 1.60 1.61369 Other Non44etalic Mineral Products 4.. ( ( ( ( 14.95 4.76 5.07 4 98 4.6'.371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries 6.42 ( 7.31 5.34 c /c.372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries 2.00 u:12 1.74 2.17 2 '0 2.79 2.79 2.61 2.45381 Metal Products, except machinery .... ( ( ( 8.014 8.38 8.95 8.65 8.55382 Machinery, except electrical (114.814 /e (15.57 (16.83 /e (16.76 /e 3.75 3.33 3.61 3.33 3.23383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus,etc .. ( ( ( 5.12 5.82 5.89 5.69 5.58384 Transport Equipment ................. 9.15 9.07 9.21 8.61 8.96 8.31 8.91 8.33 8.79356 Plastic Products .............. /d /c /d /d 2.141 2.89 3.22 3.33 3.17385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc. 7e 7& 7a 750.57 0.67 0.71 0.59 0.74390 Other Manufacturing Industries 218 /d 2T9 /a 270 /d 2.76 /d 0.39 o.46 0.47 0.49 0.52

TOTAL 100.01 100.20 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.98 lOO.09 /f 99.99 /f 300.0? If

/a Manufacturing of ice is included in ISIC 390. Other figures in this row might have the same qualification.7; Manufacturing of wooden crates and packing cases and some other wood products is included in 332. Other figures in this row might have the sane qualification.7-3 Cannot be itemized.7U ISIC 356 included in 390.7j ISIC 385 included in 381.I Total excludes ISIC 371.... Not available.

SOURCES: UN, The Growth of Wiorld Industry, Vol. I;1971 unpublished data obtained from UN Statistical Office, New York.

- 88 -

Table 23.22: Tndustrial Struoture of 1Thnufacturlre_Soctors in Thailand, 1960. 1963-1970

Percent Distribution of Cross Value Addedat Current Prices

ISrC TINDUSTRY 1960 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

311/2 Food Products .................. ...... 33.13 35.10 30.50 28.76 28.23 28.53 25.76 21 .55 21.90313 Beveragp .. ............................. 8.77 9.65 9.449 8.89 9.143 9.13 8.92 9.38 1t.183114 Tobacco .......................... .... 114.74 12.33 11.73 10.20 10.03 9.79 9.8), 9.23 9.11321 Textiles . . ...... .. 1..4.79 6.01 6.73 6.96 6.63 6.16 6.20 6.46 7.50322 Wfearing Apparel, except footwear ... 8.06 5.97 6.20 5.68 6.31 6.22 6.38 14914 4.89324 .n L Footwear . ... ., .......... e.........o.o323 Leather & Leather &S Fur Products 00O. 048 0,32 0.29 0. 28 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.72 0.633j1 lWood Products, except furniture .... 3.86 It.43 4.147 14.148 3.71 3.70 3.80 3.149 2.78332 Furniture & Fixtures, except netal 1.39 1.22 1.30 1.38 1.88 1.88 2.12 1.50 1.1653141 Paper & Paper Pruducts ................ 0.28 0.25 0.29 0,140 0.39 0.31 0.33 (3-7h 0.74!1i2 Printing & Publislhing . ......... 4.00 3.37 3.81 3.53 3414 3.35 3.59 2.52 2.39

35L Industrial Clemicals .................... ( 7.46 6.112 6.82 6ho48 5.86 6.05 6.1to 6.11 6.75;52 Othe' Chemnical Products ........ ....

393 Petroleum Refineries .................... .. . i62 5,44 5.39 4.89 5.18 7.41 7.hhi5! , Misec Prockets & petroleias & Coal .......... .......... 1414iJ; Rubber Products ... .. ............ 0.84 0.75 0.68 1.0)1 l.(5 0.99 1002 1.58 2.11

361 Puttery, China & Earthentware ... (362 Class & Glass Products .... ............. ( 401 5.45 5.47 5.33 5.92 6.16 6.51 6.55 6.533'o)9 Other ';on-lletalic Minera. Products ...

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ( 0 140 0.30 0.36 O.114 0.o47 0.148 0.60 1.46 1.55J72 lion-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries.

38 1 Metal Products, except machinery ........ 7.77 1.014 1.13 1.25 1.31 1.33 1.111 1.77 1.9932 Macthinery except electrical 0.50 0.83 0.95 1.11 1.30 1.148 1.76 1.93 2.2L4183 Elsetrical macmihery, apparatus, etc., 0.61 0.71 0.79 0.85 0.914 1.01 1.114 1.37 1.443814 Transport'Equipment ................ .... 1914 5.01 6.39 6.314 6.12 6.89 7.11 5.90 6.2.3

356 Paastic Products ....................... (,t35 Professional Photographic Goods, etc ( 0.97 0.814 1.00 1.1& 1.28 1.36 1.l13 2,08 2.26)90 Otler marnuf'acturing Industries . ......

TOTAL 100.03 100.00 100.02 1GO.02 99,99 100.02 9 9 .8 0 b/ 99.g9 100.01

a! Pata for ISIC 324 cannot be itemized.7Z Rv"eiainder includes non-itemized items.

. ot available

SOt'!2CE TBRD, _p-rt j on iheila,id, No. EAP-15n, Vol 111, Auguist, 1970, and 82a - Tll, Vol. II, March 2, 1973

Table 23.23: industrial Structure of Manutfacturing S~ectnrs in_Tunisia. 1960. 194 ~z?197

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added

ISIC I ND U ST RY 1960 1963 19614 1965 1966 196? 1968 1969 1970 197j.

311/2 Food Products ............... 17.68 15.01 13.149 114.214 12.00 12.54 13.39 Ld 14.62 Id 12.5?

313 Beverage .......... ...... 49.69 5.17 14.89 5.38 3.93 6.141i 8.55 11.53 6J10 6.i1

3114 Tobacco ................ 23.72 19.81 23.16 19.58 22.146 26.51. 22.89 23.98 21t.21

321 Textiles ..... ........... 5.36 5.23 7.95 12.88 12.9? 8.38 7.45 4.84 9. 01

322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ..... 0.68 2.53 1.72 1.114 2.33 2.83 2.74 4.83 2.1,8

3214 Footwear ................. 19.33 1.68 ( 2.00 0.93 1.38 1.Ih4 1.58 1.36 1.32 1.73

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products- ( 0.514 ( 0.149 0.04 0.65 0.85 0.68 /e 0.80 /c' 1.00

331 Wood Prodctcts, except FUrniture.... .2.30 1.-13 1.53 1.53 1.76

332 Furniture & Fixtures, except mwŽtal.... .C 6.13 2.014 2.82 2.59 2.86' 1.2? 0.714 0.49 0.91 0.14

3141 Paper & Paper Products ......... Ia 0.314 0.60 1.69 1.76 i.55 1.63 2.18 2.82 2.141l

3142 Printi;'.g & Publishing ......... a 1.143 2.29 1.614 1.214 2.03 1.98 2.33 2.63 2.33

351 Ind4'istrial. Chemicdals..................352 Other Chemical Products ......... 3.07 114.09 10.56 114.77 11.02 16.914 10.71 10.40 10.45 1.6

353 P~_itroleum Refineries ........... 0.25 C9.17 (3.87 (3.71 C2.66 (3.140 C 264 3.52 (0.91

3514 Misc.Products & Petroleum & Coal ... (... ((355 Rubber Products ............ / b/ /b /b 0.20 0.9 1.22 1.43 1.31

361 Pottery', China & Earthenware ..........( 0.33 0.95 0.78 0.90 1.01

362 Glass & Glass Products ............ C9.814 (6.20 (8.23 (10.30 0.314 0.13 0.40 0.6] 0.70

369 Other Rion-Metallic MinearltProducts ... ... ( 7.82 6.65 8.01 7.53 7.99

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ......... 1.1 i8 0.08 0.143 1.57 2.35 3.13 1.58

37? Non~-Ferrouis Metal Basic Industries.... ... 1.143 (0.73 0.17 2.7P 0.145 3.07 1.45 0.81 0.141

381 Metal Producets, except machinery' .... 3.91 3.76 2.99 3.78 (2.19 (2.149 C 2.09 C 2.23 2495

382 Machinery', except eleen_rdeal .......... C (10.141 11.07 9.214 8.17 ((C(

383 Electrical Machinery, Apparatus, etc.. 3.68 C1.22 1.28 1.65 1.59 1.96

3814 Transport Equiptrent .............0.92 0.68 1.17 1.24 3.57

356 Plastic Products . ................ 0.30 0.143 0.53 0. 64 2.12

385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.. 7.67/a ( 1.1414/b ~5L ( 0.86/b o .67/b .. .

390 Other Manufacturing Industries.,... 0.84 0.52 0.71 1.57,332e

ITOTAL 100.00 100.01 ldO.02 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.914 99.97 99.98 100.03

a/ ISIC 341. 342 and 355 included in 390.b;/ ISIC 355 is 'tncluded in 385 and 390.c~/ Remainder includes 10.43 percenr for construction mat-rials which.cannot be itemized.

dl Olive oil manufacture is included in item 351.

eI Tanneries and M4orocco - leather industry only.

..Not available

SOURCES: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I.1971 unpublished data obtained from UN. StatistiCal Office, New York.

-9U

Toble 23. ?1, nl..d ..1r Structrt of-J,,J,'o-ttif1 -'r ct iii 'IJrIx, 1956 I',, P.6 .2 2563 i'.-

10I"-' rurt Ilie.' t r -'I'sl C Io I'l , '.UT

a t Cur vttnt I'~ .

311/2 Food Prudue:ts ............. 17.72 1 j.97 28. 38 1 9 ?,I 22-.ve¶" 1 7. 1 1 1) .91 1I 6 3'313 B1evn-i'ige ............... 0. 60 0.29 2. 1 2.23 3.11 h.Yi 11.kJ1i 2 .9"314 Tobacco ............ I....7 .1 1; 30 6.. ' 6.62 9 1 5.43 16.i 9 .:321 Textlles ............... 39.26, l2.19 2'. 21 .6' 1I 1 1t: .0) 14 il li:.tif:

322 .t. rWu,evx,pt footwear ( 1(( ~1 i* 1'O 0.4 11 I

323i Leather &Lit*r& Mir Pr-ducts .... 101. 01 .1 9 u 1-... i"

331 Wood Probw:t!., except1 furniturem... 1 .32 2.i54' 1' 1 I 1 C .~. 0. J332 F'urnit t vItureo&1iCUiX, uxiknL nl('otal . 0 330.8 U.1 f)A 1".1A i.3L1 Paper Ft Pua.er Prodhucti.....................0.13 0. 3)0 I .1"" .7 11 '364,2 Prirnting & Puhi b: iL ............. 2, 3.-68 .1' . .f. 1)

-31 In-dustrial Ch-&mlca1'3..............,3)2 Otl.er p.rid ductt;...................(1. 1.6 6u ~ K.;&t3935- .................~:ri U .(2 .26((1 .7 1 *

Px51ct. & 1Petuoluq!% & U,o:al ... J. (( .( i

3 o5 Itubbur Pro:ductsa.............................4.7 3.0'7 1 .35 1 .01 c.. .1 .2 . 4

36. Pottery, Chbinia & Earthenwuv'u ......... .p '' ;.3 Glaso & Glass Pr.... r....................(6.o 9( 6.0 ( f ~ ( .2 ( .,K) '' 620*

3%9 Other Io-4tlcMineral Procdacts ((((((2. 9'S f.i

371 Iran & Steel Basic Iiidusifries 0..6... I6kJ1 69 ( , I .d7A5' "372 Nun-Furiou., !fu,tal Fasic- Irnduotrie; .. 0( ( (6. 8. 2.3i ( .1 7 1 .0.,

3631 Metal Produc.ts, excE'pt machinerly ... 3.66, 3.96 It. o8 6.15 5. 14 4.ky 6.63 LI2 Machinory, "-x-ept electrical ..... 0.83 1.69 0.79 2.64 2.6 2 .2:) 2.11, 2 . 2. c'f

0: Electric,al :3"y apparatus, etc. 0. I 3 1 .06 0.9. I.1 1 .9 .1 7 1 -I386 lrai-epurt, IKqui.nehui. ........................ 0.33 0.68 3.3 3. 01 2.~ 26160

3566 ls Prodicts ........... .!1,38 r 'cl]iuay 1 lcGoods, etc,. 0. 83' 0.87 0.62 0. 6, 1 .l ( .8 c. *

390u Other Ywuo.ufactur.ine Industrius ....... __________________________________0.19 ~ .. i'

T,OTAL 100.,16 /a 99.p8 99.96 10.0 1)c 9.9 /b9 /b 9/b ).) 9).'; l's

/a Actual ttat -fs 61- whereao the recordt,d total i,s 60k.__ ir J ci.udks rnz.ltacLurn-r,~ of rtuptextile goods' whiich ar, *L itemize!d.

SOURCE: (IN, The o,.".,f 'dMrld Tn1Lntr's, VTcl. I.1970 unpublished daLa bair,od frou. L'N Statistical Office, Nc-. York.

- 91 -

Table 23.25: Industrial Structureof Manufacturing Sectors in Venezuela,-1960 63-1970

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Addedat 1968 constant prices

ISIG 1960 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 ' 968 1969 1970

311/2 Food Products .................... 21.95 22.72 21.98 21.66 21.15 20.41 20.11 19.96 19.68

313 Beverage ............... 9.03 7.61 7.43 7.12 7.142 7.30 7.33 7.68 7.8X;

314 Tobacco .. .... 5.23 4.96 4.68 4.70 4.57 1.147 4.37 l4.33 4.21

321 Textiles 3.2 .............................. 4.29 4.38 4.18 4.04 4.52 4.56 14.52 4.48

322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ..... 4.26 4.19 (4.08 4.2 4.17 (416 (l.9 4.08 4.09

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products 0.72 0.56 0.72 0.49 0.55 0.55 0.514 0.51 0.1-r

331 Wood Products, except furniture 1.09 0.93 1.02 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.97 0.96 0.93

332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 1.92 1.81 1.68 1.68 1.72 1.72 1.74 2.06 2.04

341 Paper & Paper Products 2.71 3.36 3.58 3.53 3.63 3.62 3.69 3.89 3.75

342 Printing & Publishing 2.21 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.98 1.98 1.99 2.014 2.02

351 Industrial Chemicals ................. 6.06 7.27 8.09 8.19 8.28 8.30 8.98 8.68 8.75

352 Other Chemical Products .............. (

353 Petroleum Refineries ................. 14.05 t12.58 (11.92 (11.65 (11.11 (10.26 89.72 .93 9

3514 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal (1.5C .97

355 Rubber Products c 2.23 2.30 2.35 2.414 2.45 2.43 2.112 2.38 2.34

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ......... (

362 Glass & Glass Products ............... ( 5.87 ( 5.02 (5.17 (5.31 (5.63 (5.59 ( 5.54 (5.26 ( 5.23

369 Other Non-Metalic Mineral Products ( ( C ( ( C ( (

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ( 070 2 ( 2 22 ( 2.58 3.39 3.65 3.81 ( .0 O

372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries 0 2 2.30

381 Metal Products, except machinery 3.12 3.04 3.29 3.141 3.57 3.65 3.74 14.13 4.51

382 Machinery, except electrical 0.31 0.39 0.40 0.48 0.53 0.56 o.6o 0.65 0.67

383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc 1.92 2.011 2.09 2.12 2.25 2.28 2.33 2.35 2.40

384 Transport Equipment 3.64 4.32 4.96 5.73 5.89 6.54 6.51 6.79 6.32

356 Plastic Products .....................

385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.. ( 9.18 ( 8-144 ( 7-98 ( 7.59 ( 7.53 ( 7.314 ( 7.11 ( 6.97 C 6.70

390 Other Manufacturing Industries ....... ( ( , ( (

( (

TOTAL 100.02 100.00 100.02 100.00 100.00 99.99 99.99 99-98 100.00

SOURCE: Third Message of the President of the Republic, Dr. Rafael Caldera, to the National Congress,

Venezuela, in 1971 (in Spanish).

4

TadLe -:'t26: T~d.uL-rial SltrctsirL of' Haumt 2 '9c~sI Ym si,l 3 ,1-i255sI

Percent Distribution of Cross Vlaue Addedat Current MarPet Pricees

31 /2 Thud Prrstzcts ............................... ....6.96 ( /7 ?&B ( 6.33 C 6, 7 .n; 6.3 /9 5.53 5.9' 4.313 Beverage .............. (..... ±-4k 1.73 .8 1.5

3 T aa ..... ....... .1 3 6.31- 27 -~ C 305 2.50 2.16 2.24-

321 .................... (1.. .. .. 026 J 21 9.9U 9.68 -

322 'Lz Ap&~;-l , except £clctwcar- 2 - 34. e73 2.71 8~ .~1

32I ~ : r........................................((23 2I'.j .. 91- .323 Leath, Leahter &Far Pt-adatt ...... i 67 1.4 5

331 tcd Prcdacta-, except Rxtraituire .... C 7.18 ? 22I 6.93 7 " ' 7.-23 C 81. 41 .332 :m 'r re &FixtaLreos, eXCep~t Mea..CCC 'd .> 3.5 ...

Psg.&.......2.6.2.1. 2.76-, 2'..2 2 12 2.16, 2'38 6Ptbl i s~' rz......... 1.81 1. .. 3 1.t-- C .J4.86, 5.38 ..

.............C...c.ls 6.1.1 {,62.9 47? 7' 1.($ 3 > 78 4.83 L-.345(..............ci.ct 3 I ( 38-9 3. 3 3.66

-F etrcl~uzn Re~finrie~as ........ 3.....3.6i5 . A, 2.-8 . 5.L6 ( 5.382 5 .11.4,a!4isc.PrGcSŽcts, ?e~I.. Coal ........ ..

35.5 1;atber Rrrcncts ............. I9' 1.5 2.36 2 '; 23 2.2 2.33 24f3 2.24 1.9 1.9:

Pztey,Clna a. :Earthew.crare.......................' I-571 0.53 0.51 0.53 tGlass, & lass frb-t-ts.................. ........... c 5 V ' 2 v.-i 5( .12 -. .83 0.87 0>Ct.r7sS"t:C '-. a rs;cs... C3.82 3.87

371 Irzn sr.d Steeal Baisic Inff;strit-s ...... t.... 3.81 3.5 3.72 372.5U:.Yr. Y etal Basi-c Indiastires-. . .. 55 5.oi 4.2 1 3. ;

(2ta-' (7.;59 5.5? S 64-'.MachfrcEry, excep,t Eiect.r.ca± 5.32 5.2 J '

R5 leti al sciArerjy, Apparatus, etc. 6.23 6 . '..' 7 '? 6.17 6.5.56 7.-24 7.85 .62ramnTzt Ejzipnent .......... 2 /9"6 1.P19 j 219 . ~ $ 99 00 .8 95

Plastc Fxctac ....................

.. c-ralPtc"r 2 3c.78 r 0.7

Ct?:.a .SsS- a ctu-r in- I d s r e 2 .32 2 .1 9 ' 8 6. 1 .237 1. 315 (. ; . .4 5 u. 5 t

80.25 !c 103.0 1 09 0 100 01 130.00 88.02 Ic 99.99 9y>'.» 99.V S '9 163.I

a4 1S1C 356 included in 351.hi 1S10 352. 384 except s33!ir n earr,and 385 included in 381.c/ 7,.en!der, in-clules scn-itemizedl industries.

Not available.

1971 unpisb.isted darn cbtair.ed fron, Lm2 statistical office, N'ew York.

-93-

Statement . I - Def>riti=ons of Manufactured, SerriT-n&ifactured anE Pr u Es' Z/a

A. Definition of ports of Maznu,facctures

Total A is defined in terms of the SITC (Rev.) classification as thesum of the following items:

Section 0. Food and Live Animals

012 Meat, dried salted or smoked, whether or not in airtight containers.013 iMeat in airtight containers, not elsewhere specified (n.e.s.) and

meat, preparation, whether or not in airtight containers.032 Fish, in airtight containers, n.e.s. and fish preparatnons, whether

or not in airtight containers (including crustacea and moll'ses).

04O Meal and flour of wheat or of meslin

047 MYeal and flour of cereals, except meal and flour of wheat or ofmeslin.

048 Cereal preparations and preparations of flour and starch of fruitsand vegetables.

052 Dried fruit (including artificially deliydrated)

053 Fruit, preserved and fruit preparations055 Vegetables, roots and tubers, preserved or prepared, n.e.s.

whether or not in airtight containers.062 Sugar confectionary and other sugar preparations (except chocolate

confectionary).071.3 Coffee extracts, essences, concentrates and similar preparation of

coffee072.2 Cocoa powder, unsweetened.072.3 Cocoa butter and cocoa paste.073 Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa or chocolate,

ne. a.09 lascellaneous food preparation (margarine and shortening, food

prepar ation n. e . s . )

111 Non-alcoholic beverages112 Alcoholic beverages122 Tobacco manufactures

Section 2. Crude materials, inedibe except fuels

231.2 Synthetic rubber and rubber substitutes23'.3 Reclaimed rubber231.4 Waste and scrap of unhardened rubber243 Wood, shaped or simply worked2)L402 Corkc in blocks, p.a,tes, sheets or strip, etc.251 Pulp and waste OaDPer266 Synthetic ;Find rcrgererated (artificial) fibers

t t67 erie2s Ž t Z f.?.brf-cz (i3im-er rESc )

Ani: ;, --tH~~~~~ o ;. r 17..'.r....?2 .'z ^ - ne :'Ni.~, -~~ - o

szu--.obr- P1 o-r-:of2 O -> -d n u* z, Mb¢x-/ .. -C e !

- 94

5 Chon'.ic al s

lesj 5113.65 Aluninuin oxide and hydroxide

Sac>Ion 6. -tanuf'actured Goods ClassLfiad Chiefly by Material

6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material

16o7 l-'j=ls and precious and semii-precious itones, unworkodor worked.

16 31 Silver, platinum and other metals of the platintrn group:s gr2.l .Cospar and alloys, whether or not refined, unwrought,L 633.1 Nic'kael and nick-al alloys, unwroughtO63. I.ad and lead alloys, un'WrDL.oht6806.1 Zlinc and zinc alloys, unwrought6"87.1 Tin and tin alloys, unwrou,;nt689 31iscollIanaous non-forrouis ba;s "netals empleoyod in in tLlurjy

Sciction 7. Ma.chinery .and Transport -luiumront

7 Lacn-iriery and Transpor t equipiInentF711 b/ Po gr enerartn,,g rlchins:,y other than electric

l735 / Ships and boats

Saction 8. Mascel1.anooua rI;nu.factured Articles

8 Miscellaneous manuTfc tured articles

Soction 9. Co.mi:od-ties and Trainsactions not clasoified Accordin2 to Kind

951, 0 Firears of war and ammunition thriorefor

B3 tefinitLon of F.x.ort.s OL Sem:L-Y1nUf,c.t.UrPS (Total B - Total A)

!;ot;al A (manIL4'actures as defi±wod abcvrut) + tlhe stic .-manaruf:c l,urcosas rlefined brlo

Li c::.Lon 3. Ii:p:ri i T-uhels Lub-:i.arlns, andc T,e1Lbed I-lat"ils

3 31 .012 Pco brolo.zi, 2)a.-tjly r'Ž'in-ci (inci.ud%n:' to pet1 - u0-< I)33 ? Pet.rolulu rAM.l

3l C_,.L,, Tran-c ecer351 Fl ec tric eDnergy7

- 95 -

Section 5. Chemicals /c

513.65 Aluminum oxide and 'hlydroxi.de

Section 6. Manufactured goods classified cliiefly by materials

681 /d Silver, platinum and other metals of the platinum group

682.1 /c Copper and alloys, whether or not refined, unwrought683.1 77 Nickel and nickel alloys, Linwrought685.1 7J Lead and lead alloys, unwrought6861 77 Zinc and zinc alloys, unwrought687.1 7c Tin and tin alloyc, unwrought689 M4iscellaneous non-ferrous base metals employed in metallurgr

Oection 9. Commodities and transactions not classified according to kind

961.0 Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

C. Definition of Exports of Primary Products(Total Mrchandise - Total B)

Section 0: Food and Live Animals

001 Live animals

011 Meat: fresh, chilled or frozen

02 Diary products and eggs

031 Fish, fresh and simply preserved

041 Wheat (including spelt) ard meslin, unmilled042 Rice043 Barley, unmilled044 Maize (corn), unmilled045 Other cereals, unmilled

051 Fresh fruit and fresh or dried nuts (not including oil nuts)054 Vegetables, fresh, frozen or simply preserved (including drier

leguminous vegetables); roots, tubers and other edible vegetableproducts, n.e.s. fresh or dried

061 SLgar and honey

071.1 Coffee, areen or roasted, and cof^fee substitutes containingcoffee.

072.1 Cocoa beans, raw or roasted074 Tea and mate075 Spices

08 FeedLTh stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

Section 1: neverages and Tobacco

121 Tobacco, unmanufacuured

oeC t o o2: Cride .,Is ateria3ls -nedible, E:ceept :ueis

' It Hides and skins (except fur skins), undressed212 Dar skins, undressed

221 Oil-seeds, oil nuts and oil kernels,

231, Natural rubber and similar natUral gums

241 Fuelwood and charcoal242 WoJood in the rough or roughly squared24h401 Corlk unworked, crushed, granulated or ground; waste colrk

261 Silk262 W,lool and other animal hair263 Cotton264 Jute265 Veigetable fibres, except cot ton and jutDe

27 Crude fertilizers and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleumand precious s tones)

28 NIetalliferous ores and metal scrap

29 Crude animal and vegetable mat rials, ne .s.

Section 3: Iiine -r' - ;ls, Lubricant-s cxnd Relaheed K-,aterials

32. Coal, coko and brisOrrK-t;:,!.s

C. .8rCode -f4 .voleian.

Sect,ion 4: ani l ;n3 .2 -,etb'ule Oils n.d UIats

hl s±nLraI oils and fats

L2 F'fxed vegetable oils and fats

Section 6: 4aznufactured Goods Classified, Chiefly by lMateri4als

667 /- Pearls and precious and semi-precious stones, urrworked or workcd

68101 /^ Silver,, ;orked or partly wonced.

- 97

Section c. Comm,odities: an1Gd Transactions :not Classified AccordingE o KThnd

9il1 AniLmals, n.e.s. (including zoo ani1als, dogs ana cats)

/a SITC Codes 911 (Postal packages not classified according to kind) and

931 (special transactions not cl-assified according to kind) are not classi-

fied; herice, are excluded from this statement.

Lo Only in developing countries' e)Torts.

/c When ccrputing 'Lotal B directly, the whole section 5 can be included;

similarly whole itenms 682, 683, 685,686 and 687 can also be included.

/d In the Western Asian countries (Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia,

Syria, and Yemen)) exports of item 681.1 (silver, unworked or partly

worked) should be excluded from sepmi-manufactures and included in primary

products.

Note: Developing countries as defined by the UN, namely, Economic Class II

countries, or all countries except the following:

Class I: United States, Canada, Western Europe, Yugoslavia, Japan,

Australia, New Z'.ealand, and South Africa.

C0 ass TTI: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Gennany, Dem. Rep.,

Hungary, Poland, Ramania, Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics, China (Mainland), Mongolia, Dem. People's

Republic of Korea, and Dem. Republic of Viet-Nam.

Source: UN, Trade in Manufactures of Developing Countries, 1970 Review

(June 19$71) pp. 1 and d.

- 93 -

A. Manufactured Prcduacts (Total A)

012 055 266 65 687 .2

013 062 122 267 66 /b 688

032 071.3 231.2 43 67 69

046 072.2 231.3 5 /a 682.2 7 /c

O47h? 072.3 231.4 61 683.2 8

0LI 073 243 62 68h

052 09 2L44.02 63 685.2053 11 251 64 686e2

B Semi-Manufactured Products (Total B-Total A)

33-1.2 341.2 513.65 682.1 68`.1 67 .1

332 351 681 /d 683.1 686.1 O..

C. Priimaa- Products (All Merchandise-Total B)

2C O 07L1 231.1 261 3)1.1

011 0L5 075 2) 1 265 4102 051 08 242 27

' 25; 1.21 2h4;.1; 28)4, 061 211 281 29 '711 7:

O! ... 21? 2 32 32 .W 22.1 2v3 33301

/a Excludl n;, 513.65

to In developing countries (as defined by the UN), exports of SITC 667 areconsidered primnary products.

/c In developing coiimtries (as defined by the UN) exports of 711 and 735

are considtricd irr'av products.

/d In tihe r!es-tern Asian Countries (Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia,

Syria, and Yemen), exports of' item 681.1 (silver, unworked or partly

worked) should be excluded from semi-manufactures and included in primar,y

product,s.

Sour-ce: Statement Ir.

- 99 -

Statene 7.. ELi: Cciparison of Major G-cups of !SIC (Rev.2) -th

Ka -or CorrespondingGroup Revised 2 ISIC Code Revised 1

311/2 Food products 20 Food mfg. except beverages312/a Vegetable & animal oils &

fats.

313 Beverages 21 Beverage

314 Tobacco 22 Tobacco

321 Textiles 23 Texetiles2Lk;/b MIade up textile goods except

wearing apparel

322 W.earing apparel except 243 Wearing apparel except

footwear footwear

323 Leather, leather & fur 29 Leather, leather & fur

products products

324 Footwear 241 Footwear

331 Wood products, except 25 Wood products, except

furniture furniture

332 Furniture & fixtures, 26/c. Furniture & fixtures

except metal

341 Paper & paper products 27 Paper & paper products

342 Printing & publishing 28 Printing, publishing

3j1 Industrial chemicals 311/d Basic industrial chemicals

352 Other chemical products 313 Paints, varnishes & lacquers

319/e Miscellaneous chemical products

353 Petroleum refineries 321 Petroleum refinery

354 Miscellaneous products of 329 Miscellaneous products of

petroleum & coal petroleum & coal

355 Rubber products 30 Ruibber products

361 Pottery, china, earthenware 333 Pottery, china, earthenware

362 Glass & glass products 332 Glass & glass products

-. 100n -

'Grc3D eveised 2 ISIG Code .vised L

369 Ut-er non-metallic 33' Structcura.L clay produrcts

mineral products334 Cement (hydraulic)339 Non-.netalL4i c mineral products

n.e.c.

371 Iron & steel basic 341 Iron & steel basic indus-

industries tries

372 Non-ferrous metal basic 3L2 Non-ferrous metal basic

indust>ries industries

381l Metal Droducts except 35 Metal products except

machinery machinery

3-82 Machinerxy except electrical 36 Machinery non-electrical

3,33 Electrical machinery, 37 Electrical machinery,

apparatus, etc. apparatuis, etc,

384 Transport equipment 38 Transport equipment

356 Plastic 'Products 399 Industries not else-j'iereclassified

385 Professional photographic 391 Professional, scientific,

goods, etc. measurinig and controllizng in-strriments, parts {' a<ccessories,n.e.s. except plastic.

392 Photographic & optLuica"l goof.sI's

393 N4atches & clocks

390 Other nianmiacturing industries 394 Jewiellery & related articles

395 Musi cal instrumen ts

399 Mfg. industries not elsewfhereclassified

/a Included in 352(RevO2).70 P.-Gined non-item- ized, since the remainder 24-241-244(Rt'v.l) also included

242(Rev.1) Repair of footwear.

/c Includes metal furniture & fixtuares iWhich should have been meshed with 381(Rev.2).

/T Plus a small part of 319 (misc. chemical products).

A' snmall part should have been included in 351 (Rev.2).

Scurce: UN, indexes to the International Standard Industrial Classification of

All Econoiic Activities, Statistical Papers Series M No.4, Rev.2, Add.l

(1971) Spp. 41-45.

J,

2 v. ra .>?-a 4 gM.n4{T 1*X<*-,,>

_______rj -oS:.'C

',.LC'--' 2o"e- ¢a

'cc -rs s a.u. e;ai:sh".ents.1/

.. ur.rXia, -ioli-via, Bazil, Canada, ,Tina (.haiwanr),

Egy_pt, 'iii, Germany - , ei. sp.3 * reece, H{citi, Hungary-v, Iran, Ireland,

apan, {ui,ait, 7xemTourgv hal aigasy -ep., 3alaysia -ast (Sarawak ), 21-ta

Mauritius, ;ozaxiZnbjue..,

Net.herlands, New Zealand, Norway, tloland, ?or iuga L,

?ouerto Rico, t.hodesia, South MIfrica, Spain, Sri Lanka, *Sria, Tunisia, UC,

USA, UrlJugusy, VIestern. Samoa, Zambia.

Covers estaolishnents with 5 or more persons engaged. 2/

,°'*1 geria,usLrPija, Ctio,o].cno'ia, osa -Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, Uor'.:)ir'cs'

::""YCu, cuador, 1 Salvador, vth,ior-i, tunland, Gwatemala, Hondua',s, Israel

'.012a - tRep ot', Malraysia 1East (Sabah), F-anazma, LP--paa Ne'ie GuLinea, Peru, ,-.li'pp-n*e

Son'.ali., *Sweu.den, Swit ;..rland, Yemen DemocraTic mLepticslic.

,;. C'Ov1rs "si.ali.sbm.nts wIth 10 IO' o oi ' persons en-aged. 3/

Chi41l.es. Germany - Fed. ,Rep., Indiia, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Iot'rocco,

Ai.gerla, Pakistan, Singapore, Swaziland, 'Tanzania,, Thailand, 'frbnidad and

?orhgo; Turkey, Uganda.

; . overel s estabJli ahn.ents with 20 or more persons engagred. b,/

Ghana, Hong Kong, v"Zenya, L-by-,ran Arab ftep., Italy, ikalawi, Sudan.

5. AJlnost no information on the number of persons engaged is available.

.3elgium, ?ulgaria, Czechoslovakia, - rarnce, 'iialaysia (West), Mexico,

Romania, USS;, yuaoslavia, Zaire.

i -

1/ Ireland covers establi.shmaents writ;h 3 or more persons engaged. Nelw Zocalond,

and NTovi-. cover esstabljishments w.th 2 or iaore persons engaged. E&ypt,

coVer.i elsoaoli.shments with 10 or morp persons engaged in the private sector.

h'reece covers establishments with. 10 or more persorns .Cor 195 -;l and 19-;

-and 30 or more persons for 19o3-6.4. South Africa covers only private

establisuments. Ijx.emoourg covers establishments with 20 or more for 1970.

2/ E2c'Lador covers esttaolishments with 7 or more person.s.

3/' Jord:3n coviers *estaolishment 8 with 5 or more for 10L3. Morocco aovers

all establishanents with 50 or more persons and 501; o.i those with 10-50

Dersons.

K 2enya covers estab.ishments, with 50 or more persons (for 19o63 and 1907

establishments with 5 or more persons). Ghana covers establishmnents

with 30 or more persons

Solrc:t): TUT, jrowth o 'ovld Thdu s Lt7l t;L7 . \ t ol. 7

- i02 -

5:a 2e-r, \ Grou-inzs o0 Coun.r'S byr i7oe oL Tr±dstrinl sassi-

fication used in C-ene-ral Induszriall 3-a->-istics

A. The original data were in ISIC (' -ev. 1 or Rev. 2)

Austria, China (Rep. of)J Ghana, Haiti, Hong Kong, India

Western Samoa

B. The original da ta were in ISIU (1.ev. 1 or Liev.2) sultect t.o so!7"eminor qualifications

3olivia, Costa Ecica ;cuador, CGuatenala, -Tamaica, {Corea (.tiepiublic

of), Hvala,r .,.lta, Panama, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Uganda, Venezuela

C. 'Die origirz' 1 data -werpe in national industrial classificaTion which is

comparable witlh ISIC (Riiev. 1 or :Rev.2)

3'azil, C'.anada, Chile-a-, Colombia, Cyprusi-, Denmar'k, Dominic, an .-. reulblic,gpt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, iji, Fi nland, Greece, Honduras,*, Iran *,

israel, Jordan.*-, k\enya, I ioyNran xralb Je-.rueblic *, Luxembourg, .1alag7a.si

Republic*k, Mlalaysia East (Sabah), 5.r'a1-rsia ,East (Saraz.k)-, 11-1alaysia

Jest, Mau 2.urituis, Morocco Mozambique*, Netherlands*, New7ar,± ,J-d, ,Ti,ri-i*, WorwTayia-*, ,?k'1i'Estan, PeruI , ?h ip :-s, -od-sia,

Sin,apore, Saroalia, South Aftrica*, Spain, Sri Lanlka, Swreden, SwTitz-rl-a2cl,

Syrian Arab Republic, ThaiQd rPirdidad and [o;:s 1o **t'*, Tuz>ce, UntctStates LTruguay*,-, Yenen Derrocratic Kepulic , , 'a.Jre, aa'Z .

Y* 'Th.e original dal-a were i national induLstria'l classific-altion wlich is no&

strictly compara1ble to ISIC (Rev. 1 or ;Rev.2), out is adjusted to rZ,po cgw'ni.

ISIC ( tiev.l or Jrtev.2)

ALlgeria, Australia, Belgiu-m i,*-,3 Bu.lgaria, Czechoslovakia*-^7ff-,, German

Democratic -?epublic, Hu-ng,r-ji Iraq,,,-, ireland-*, Japan, Kuwa.it, PapuaNew Guinea. Poland, For tmral, Puerto Rico, Romiania, Ttunisia, U.S.S.R.

D. The origiaal data were i-n national indusTrial classificati.on wHci:h canhardly be reconciled with ISIC (Hev. 1 or Rev. 2).

.Agrntina , France**, GemaanBr (Federal Republic of>)Mg*, Italy, Mexico,Sudan, U.K., Yugoslavia.

1/ Discontinued alter 1970 edition of the source.

' Possibly overestimates the- a,.grw1gate manufacturing sector.

w 41- Possibly underestima oes t-he mar;r e ,cute rauacting sector.

i-ne rxc6ture of error resultring fromn incor,n,,arable class-ification isnotb kno-m.

Source: -: Growth of' W,orld ndu-stry, 1971 ed., foIL. I

- 103 -

tV1: Coun'tr'r Notes 17cZ EMazmVacturard aa'dSei-manuafactured E:,-or`ts Dat-a

Note: Each country note is split into paragraphs 1 and 2. Notes in paragraph 1relate to 1960-1969 data, and those in paragraph 2 relate to mnore recentyears. These notes are basecd on the various issues of UN: Trade Year-book, and indicate important exceptions to the general defiitions oftrade in manufactures given in Statement II.

EAST AFRICA

Ethiopia: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants,related materials) - included in Total B, and 6 (manu-factured goods classified by material) included inTotal A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 03, Oh, 05, 06, 07, 09, 11, 112,122, 2, 3 (except 332), 7, 8, and 9.

Kenya: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco) -included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 032, 047, 048, 052, 062, 07, 09, 1o2, 331.02, 341.2, 35, 123, and 9 but includes 667, 711,and 735. Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

Malawi: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants,related matertals) - incluided in Total B, 7 (Machineryand transport equipment) included in Total A. SITCCode 68 (nonferrous metals) is not available; likelyoverestimation of Total' A.

2. Total B excludes 0, 2, 3, 43 and 9 but includes 667,711, and 735f. Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

Reunion: 1. SITC Code 6 (manufactured goods classified by material)is not broken down - included in Total A; also no break-down for SITC 71 - excluded from Totals A and B.

2. Total B excludes 0, 122, 2, 3, h, 8, and 9. Total Aincludes 513.65 and 68.

Somalia: 1. In the years 1966 and 1967 SITC Code 032 (fish in air-tight containers, n.e.s. and fish preparations, whetheror not in airtight containers) is included in 031 (fish,fresh or simply preserved) excluded from Total A and B.In 1969 exports SITC Codes 032 (fish in airtight con-tainers, n.e.s. and fish preparations, whether or notin airtight containers), 6 (manufactured goods classi-fied by material) and 7 (machinery and transport equipment)fell considerably.

Sudan: 1. No breakdown -7or STC Codes 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants,

related materials) - included in Total B, and 9 (cc.T.odvi-

ties and transactions, n.e.s.) included in Totual A.

Exports of the latter fell significantly. in 1969.

2. Total B includes only 332. No other breakdown is given.

Tanzania: 1. Conmorises Zanzibar and Tanganyika. The 1960 figure

includes only Zanzibar.

2. Total B excludes 012, Oh, 062, 07, 09, 231 24'.02,

251, 263, 267, 7, 8, and 9 but i nciludes 513.659 321,331.01 and 3411.l. Total A includes 513.65.

Uganda: 1. No breakdown for S iTC Codes ( chemicals), 7 (machineryi-and transoort equipment) and 9 (commodities and trans-

actions, n.e.c.) - all included in Total A.

2. For 1970 azid 1971 Total B includes only 682.1. For

1972 Total B includes only 122 anid 6.

Zaire: 1. (Fon7merly Congo Leopoldville). 1960 data excludes trade

of Katanga and South Kasai. In 1968 no estimate for

SITC 243.3 (lumber, non conifer) which is now impllcitl-

included iLn Total A. No estimate for SITC 5 (chemictala)in 1966 and 1967. Tn 1968 exports of chemi-cals dim.inished

to almost one thLrd of 1965 ex'oorts.

2. Total B excludes 01, 039 04, 05, 06, 09, 1, 244.02,, 25 ,

266, 267, 3, 43, 5, 7, 8, and 9. Total A includes 681,

683,1, and 685-1.

Zambia: 1. No breakdowm for SITC Codes 5 (chemicals) and 7 (machinery

and transport equipment) - all included in Totals A and B.

2. Total B includes only 111, 112, and 6 including 667.

Total A includes 681, 683.1 and 687.1.

WEST OFRICA

Camerooin: 1. West Cameroon exports excluded from 1960, 1965, and 1966.

No estimate for SITC Codes 267 (waste materials from

textile fabrics, including rags), and 711 (powe-r generating

machinery., other than electric) in 1960I The former

implicitly ncluded and the latter excluded from Total A.

No breakdown for SLTTC 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants and

related materials) and 9 (commodities and 'transactions,n.e.s.) - whole section 3 included in Total B and 9 included

in Totals A and B.

Central Afr. Rep. 1 No breakdown for SITC Codes 5 (chemicals), 6 (maiu-factured goods classified by material) and 7 (machineryand transport equipment) - all included in Totals Aand B.

2. Total B excludes 0, 1, 23, 244.02, 251, 26, 3, 68 and 9.

Chad: 1. In 1960 SITC Codes 012 (meat, dried,salted or sraoked,whether or not in airtight containers) is excluded fromTotal A, but 711 (power generating machinery, other thanelectric) is included in Total A. No breakdown for SITC6 (manufactured goods classified by material); wholesection includ.d in Totals A and B.

2. Total B excludes 013, 032, 04 05, o6, 07, 09, 1, 23,243, 251, 266, 267, 3, 43, 5, 66, 67, 68, and 9.

Cong; 1. No breakdown for SITC 331 (petroleum, crude and partlyrefined) in 1960 and 1965 - excluded from Total B.

2. Total B excludes 01, 03, 0h, 05, 07, 09, 1, 23, 244.02,251, 26, 331.02, 341.2, 351, 43, 68, 8, and 961.

Dahomey: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 3 (mineral fuels lubricants,related materials) - included in Total B; 9 tcommoditiesand transactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Totals A and B.

2. Total B excludes 01, 03, Oh, 052, 053, 062, 07, 23, 24,251, 266, 43, 66, 67, 68, and 9.

Gabon: 1. No breakdown for SITC 331 (petroleum, cru.de and partlyrefined) - included in Total B; and 9 (commodities andtransactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Totals A and B.In 1969, SITC 5 (chemicals) and SITC 6 (manufacturedgoods classified by material) fell as compared to 1965.

2. Total B excludes 0, 1, 2 (except 243), 331.02, '341.2,351, h3, 5, 68, 8 and 9.

Gahana: 1. No breakdown for SITC 1 (beverages and tobacco) includedin Total A, and 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.)- excluded from Totals A and B.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 072.3), 1, 2 (except 243),331.02, 341.2, 351, 43, 5, 68, 7, 8, and 9.

Ivory Coast: 1. In 1960 SITC Code 032 (fish; in airtight containers, n.e.s.and fish preparations, whether or not in airtight con-tainers) is not available. No breakdown for SITC 1(beverages and tobacco) - included in Total A; and 682(copper) excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 013, 04, 052, 053, 6, 09, 1, 2(except 243), 3 (except 332), 43, 513.65, 68 (except 682.1)and 9.

- 1 o6 -

a. a*; 6- £L 1. Due to li;nadequa.-e L -tion 1960 ma=ufactured expol'vSconsist of only section; 6 (mnian' ac-ed goods classifiedby mateinal). No breakdc.-l-, :or SITC Code 9 (cornmodi-ties and traTnsactions, n,e.s.), excluded from Totals Aand B.

2. Total B excludes 01 04h 05', '062; 079 09, 19 2, 3, hand 9 but' incl-udes 667,, 711 azd 73-5. Tot,'l A includes_513.65 and 68,.

1. No breakdown I-or ST d C.des (; (rtnera1 fuels lubricants.,related material s) -. iluded L Tjtal B, 6 tmanufacturedgoods clarsifie6 y, "atneial) iucluded in Total A, and 9(commodities and tlansacti±os, n.e.s.) excluded fromTotals A and -0.

2. Total B excludes 013. 0l4. 05,22 053,:3 06, 07, 09, 11,- 2,3 (except 332); 3.~ 2 68 -nce. ' K To.al A includes 513.65.

1. No breakdown tco mfa t-T C'&.c possible overestimationof both Thb3e

2. Total B ;Jr K; >.i, ' 2, 3, h3, 5. 8,2Xiger: 1. No fe--kd' ,- : . i *-'^. : lubricants

and eL-.:;.r ,- ztal 3; ad 6 (manu-9tl d >: *'.- { -' '!.x ) nlued Totals

Ar B. I ';.. ;S. >: ,.oAtra .eDble - excluded£rt ttt1 L.-£ t

2. Toe-al - -S I );3, ''3 -. 26 t *, 3 , 5, 68, and 9.

igeia: 1. No bra knd;r. ".* ?>UiTh ;x.d* I U>>g;-s d tobacco), and331 ; i -, 3,:L' : ,-> ' - both excludedf'^*r Totz.' I

2. Total B Cx mlo1 ... - p; ii7... .LL) 122, 23, 2b4.02,25 , -D( U t ;.i o; { : Y. R 7, 8, axd 9..

Senegal: 1. No bre.-Ikdowrn 'r $-TO 'Ic%. 6 32 (3 cqj excluded fromTotal A. In, 19604 6ITC ( (:; . (cremnicals) is excludedfrom T cF,aI A. 'but 711 (pr g:t I' machinery otherthqan eleztilo r-

2. TOta:L B ,;7P :J .2, £. . 0 7, i.S, 7, 09, 23, 2h, 25926., 331.,02, '6 S 3 : t J2^IucW ' . otal A includ&s5m6,65.k 68 (-et 682 -. .5nd 76T

Sierza Leone: 1. No breakldowiO . for SITG CIM I and. tobacco) and5 (che 'icals) - a ix T.tjJ t -A at-id B.

2. Total B exclude_ , -: n Th .Ž- 351, L, 5, 7, 8,and 9.

Togo: 1. Section 3 is not broken down - incuded in Total 3balso no breakdouwn for SIT: 71 - excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 03, O4, 0o, 09) 1, 2, 3, and 4.but includes 7-11 and 735. Total A includes 68 (except682.1).

Upper Volta: 1. In 1960 SITC 8 (miscellaneous maiiufactured articles) isnot available - excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 032, 04, 05, 07, 09, 23, 24, 25, 266,3, 13, 5 and 9 but includes 667, 711 and 735. Total Aincludes 68.

ASIA

Burma: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 683 (nickel) in any year,and 682 (copper) in 1960 - both excluded from Total A.In 1968 SITC Code 24133 (lumber, non conifer) and 6(manufactured goods classified by material) fellsignificantly.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 047), 13 244.02, 251, 266,267, 3 (except 332), 13, 685.1, 686.1, 689, 8, and 9.Total A includes 513.65.

1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 1 (beverages and tobacco),(manufactured goods classified by material), and 7 (machineryand transport equipment) - all included in Total A. No Code3 (mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials) in 1960and 1965, resulting in underestimating Total B.

Hong Kong: 1. No breakdown for SITC 51 (chemical elements and com ounds)- included in Total A; also 682 (copper), 685 (lead), 686(zinc) and 687 (tin) are not broken-down - all excludedfrom Total A and a possible underestimation of Total A and aprobable overestimation of Total B.

2. Total B excludes 01, 0h, 05, 06, 07, 23 3, 4, and 9, butincludes 711. Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

india: 1. No breakdown for SITC 682 (copper) - excluded fromTotal A.

2. Total B excludes 0, 122, 2, 3, (except 332), 4, 685.1686.1, 687.1, 689, and 9. Total A includes 513.65.

7-I.

o-^--a: 1, S-TC Codes I (beve-rages ;; d t.obacco) and 6 :;7ii.-.:goo, c s4 --_I by :sa ;eria1b are excluded frormu TotalsA and B in 1965 and 1966. Duie to Lnadequate breakdorxnsprior to 1967, STTC Code 331.0 (petroleum, crude orpartly refined) excluded from Total B,, Code 687 (tin)excluded from Total A, and Code 9 (tranisaction andcommodities, n.e.s.) excluded froim Totals A and B; butCode 7 (machinery and transport equipment) - incLudedin Total A. SITC Codes 621 (matorials of rubber) and629 (articles of rubber, n.e.s..), constituting res-pectively 40 and 53 percent of Total A in 1969, did nlotappear in 1960 data. According to the IMF." iternationFinancial Statistics,, the 1969 exporls might be under-valuded by 29 percent, and a considerable amount of trademight be unrecorded.

2. Total B excludes 012, 013, C4, 052 053, 119 2, 3(except 332), 13, 68 (except 687,1., 8 'and 9. Total A

includes 513.65.

Korea: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 682 (copper) - -c-Fudeld-from Total A. and 9 (transactions and commodities, n.e.s.)included in Total A.

2. No estimate for SITC 9.

Nalaysia (West). 1. No breakdoiwin for STTC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco)included in Totals A and B9 aId Code 331 (pet:roler>mrcrude or partly refined)'-excluded from Total B.

2. Total B excludes 0 (exceFt 053), 2 (except 213), 3 (3:xctr:':

332), 13, 68 (except 681), and 9. Total A includds 13 6?¢

Pakist-1an: 1. No breakdown for STTC Code 9 (coiimmodities and transactir.:,sn.e.s.) included in Total A 196'7 data include re-export-s,

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 032), 11, 2, 3, (except 332),

43, 68, and 9, but includes 667, Total A includes 513.6, 5,667, 711 and 735.

Papua and 1. Prior to 1966 SITC Code 67 (silver, platinu.mn, gems and

New Guinea: Jewelry) - included in Total A.

Phillippines: 1. Nb breakdown for SITC Code 9 (commodities and transactions,n.e.s.),included in Total B,

Singapore: 1. No brea.down for SITC Codes 682 (copper) and 686 (zinc) -excluded from Total A, No breakdown for SITC Code 331(petroleum, crude or partly refined) - excluded from Total B.

2. Total B excludes 0)47, 048, 062, 07, 09, 244..02, 2519 26,3 (except 332) and 13, but includes 011 and 667. Total Aincludes 68 (except 681) and 961.

- 1o9 -

Sri L an 1. No breakdoTwn for SITC Code 072 (cocoa) in 1960 -

included in Total A. No breakdown for Code 68 (non-ferrous metals) available, possibly resulting inover-estimating Total A.

Thailand: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 231 (crude rubber, includingsynthetic and reclaImed) in 1960 - excluded from Toltal A.SITC Code 687.1 (tin and tin alloys, uxnwrought) in 1960included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 046, 048, 052, 06, 07, 09, 2h4.02,251, 26, 3 (except 332), 43 and 9 but includes 711 and735. Total A includes 513.65, 711, 735, and 68 (except687.1).

EMNA

Afgh4niatan: 1. Section 0 (food) is excluded from Totals A and B due toincomparable SITC breakdowns. No breakdown for SITC 9(commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) - included inTotal A.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 05s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 68, 7, 8,and 9.

Algeria: 1. Exports of wine: plain and sparkling - part of Section 1(beverages and tobacco) - have dropped considerably after1960.

Cyprus: 1. No breakdown fo,r Section 6 (manufactured goods classifiedby material) - included in Total A; and Section 9 (com-modities and transactions, n.e.s.) excluded from TotalsA and B. In 1960 and 1965 no brakdowm for SITC 12(tobacco and tobacco manufactures) - excluded from TotalsA and B.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 052), 2, 3 (except 332), 43,68, and 9, but includes 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes513.65.

Egypt= 1. No breakdown for SITC 7, so 711 is included in TotalsA and B.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 055), 122, 2, 341.02, 351, 43,68, and 9.

Filaxnd: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco) -

included in Total A; Code 683 (nickel) and Code 9 (commodi-ties and transactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Total A. In1960 and 1965 no breakdown for section 3 (mineral fuels,lubricants, related materials) - included in Total B.

a:z,d 2 Total B excludes 032, 0146, 047, 05, 07, 09, 11,g 122, 231,2".02, 267, 3 (except 332), 43, and 9. Total A includes513.652 6815, 685.1, 687.1 and 689.

Greece% 1. In 1965 SITC Code 513,65 (aluminum oxide and hydroxide)included in Total A.

2. TotalB excludes 01., 04, 07, 09, 2, 3 (except 332) ,43, and 9, but includes 667, 711 and 735. Total Aincludes 68.

Lcel;:d 1. For lack of details SITC Codes 04 to 09, 1, 2, 3, and4, 951 and 961 are excluded from Total B. SITC Codes5, 6, and 7 are all included in Total A.

2. Table B excludes 0 (except 01 and 03), 1, 2, 3, 4, and 9,but includes 667 and 711, Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

Iran: 1. No brealdown for SITC Code 331 (petroleum, crude andpartly refined) - excluded from Total B.

q: 1. Manufactured exports consist of cement only, becauseof inadequate details.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except o52), 1, 2, 3 (except 332),43, 59 68, 7, 8, and 9,

i:relan 1. For lack of details SITC Codes 2 (except 266), 4 and9 are excluded from Total B. but 5, 6 and 7 are includedin Total A.

2. Toteal B excludes 046, 047, 0523 0539 071.3, 072, 23 24,251, 26, 3 (except 332), 43, and 9. Total A includes513.65 and 68.

srael: 1. The data on most petroleumr products is confidential andis included in SITC 5 (chemicals), therefore included inTotal A, No breakdown for SITC Codes 1 (beverages andtobacco) - included in Total A, In 1960 no breakdowmfor SITC Codes 231 (crude rubber, etc.) - included inTotal A; and 682 (copper) excluded from Total A.Following gene:sl nractice SrTC 667.2 (diamonds, excludingindustrial) excluded from Totals A and B, though thediamonds exported from Israel are worked, and ideally,should be included.

2. Total B excludes 01, 032, 04, 052, 062, 07, 1, 2, 3, 4,and 9. Total A includes -and 68 (except 682.1).

Lebanon: 14 1960 - 1965 ex-coorts might be underestimated due to nori-adoption of SITTO

2. Total B excludes Ol, 03, o46, 047, 07, 11, 2, 3, 4,68 (except 681.1) and 9. Total A includes 'I.6g

X1lta: SI ?or 1P,-x` o ei *So7 ;odes 03 Zo3 09, 2, 3a P a,

9 are excluaea from Total B3 While; 5; 6, d7 exceoJ735 - shivpbuiling) are included in To-Ga2. A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 032, 046, 047, 05, 062, 07, 23,24, 25, 267, 3, and 32 but includes 667 and 711.Total A includes 5l3.65 and 68.

Morocco: 1. No breakdown for STC codes 2 (cork raw, and waste) -

excluded from Tota'L B and 686 (coppers excluded fromTotal A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 09, 052, 06, 07, 09, 122, 23, 24,

26, 3 (except 332), 43) 68 (except 681 and 685.1) and 9but includes 667. Total A includes 513.65.

Spain: 1 No breakdown for SITC Codes 072, 09, 2Lh, 43, and 9 -

hence excluded from Total B. SITC Codes 6831.1, 685.1686.1, 687.1 and 689 are included in Total A for lackof details.

2. Totl B excludes 0:l, 047, 0h8, 062, 072, 09, 122, 231,251, 26, and 13, bult includes 331.01 and 341.1. Total Aincludes 513.65, 6131, 683.1, 685.1, 687.1, 689, and 961.

Syria: 1. No breakdown for section 9 (commodities and transactions,n.e.s.) - included in Lotal A.

2. Total B excludes 0:1; 032, 04, 062, 071.3, 072, 073, 09,23, 24, 25, 266, 13, and 961, but includes 667, 681.1and 735. Total A includes 513.65, 667, and 68.

Tunisia: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 244 (cork, raw, and waste),and331 (petroleum, crude and partly refined) - excludedfrom Total B; and 6582 (copper) excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 013, O4, 06, 07 09, 122, 23243, 266, 267, 3 (except 332), 43, 68 9except 685.15and 9. Total A includes 513.65, 711 and 735.

Turkey: 1. SITC Codes 23, 25, 341, 351, 43, 951 and 961 are notavailable; hence excluded from Total B. All semi-manufactures in SITC 68 (except 682.1) are includedin Total A.

2. Total B excludes Oh, 231, 251, 266, 267s 43, and 9, butincludos 331.01, 311.1, 667, 711 and 735. Total Aincluries 513.65, and 68 (except 682.1 and 689).

Yemen, PDR: 1. No breakdown for Section 9 (commodities and transactions,n.e.s.) - excluded from Totals A and B. in 1966 noestimate for SITC (52 (dried fruit, excluding citrus),5 (chemicals) and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured articles)- all included in 'Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 0o7,T0h48, 05, 062, 07, 09, 11, 2,3 (except 332), 23, and 9, 'but includes 667, 711, and73g. Total A incluides 513.65 and 68.

- I; ) -

M. l t t,u , .. , * /<, ^< -< -3<e <uA K,8^

excluded or-. ToLucal '-

2. Total B exc'udes oL, 07, 093 231 i , ; 1 4 26 2. ,

43, and 9, but inmcludes 667, TotCl A includes 513.S5,683.1 and 687.1.

LATIN AMERICA AND 13CliRtBEAN

Argent-ina: 1. No breakdown for SITC 331 (petro)ieuLm crude and partlyrefined) and 341 (gas, natural ar>1 artificial) -excluded 'rom Total B; and SITC g6 (zinc) excludedfrom Total A.

2. Total B excludes 0C129 07, 018, C 2, 055 0623 0722,072.3, 0732 122, 266, 267;, 341.2, mad 351, but includes735. Total A includes 513r65.

Bolivia: 1. Ln l965 SITC 332.1 (motor spirlit) is excluded fro:;

Brazil: 1. No breakdowm for SITC 231 (crude nibber, etc.) - incdedin Total A.

2. Total B excludes 014, 059, 05, 073, 09, 231, 2bL.02, 266,267, and 9, but includes 711. To;al A includes 513.6>;5and 711.

Chile: 1. Prior to 1965 merchandise exports include ores, con.-centrates and precipitates of gold and of gold mixewith silver or copper; but exclude unworked platinum-.Entire sections 1 (b--verages and tobacco) and 7 (xr1ac.her-and transpor.t equiplment) a1e included in Total A. Iiiexnorts of SITC 682.2 (brcass, angles, wire, et c.) fellconsiderably.

Colombia: 1. In 1960 SITC 331 (petroleum, crude and pamtly jefiLnodris included in Total B. No breakdown for SITC 682(copper) in any year -- excluded from Total A.

Costa Rica: 1. Breakdown for section 1 (beverages and tobacco) -included in Total A.

DomLnican 1. SITC 6 (manufactured goods classified by material) inotRepublic: available for 1960 - excludad from Totals A and B.. In

l965 and 1966 expo:rts of SITC 073 (chocolate and pre-paration), 5 (chemicals) and 6 fell considerably.

Ecuador: 1h Only sections 5 (chemica's) and a part of 8 (miscellaaneousmanufae.tured articles) aze given; Total A and B under-estimated.

El Salvador: 1. No breakdotm for section 1 (beverages and tobacco) -

included in Total A; and section 9. (Commodities andtransactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Total A.

French Guian.a 2. Total B excludes 0, 2 (axcept 2143), 3 (except 332), 12,68, and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 667.

GU^BalaR 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 072 (cocoa) - excludedfraa Total B; 688 (zinc) excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 032, 046, 047 072 11, 2(except 2h3)., 3, 43, 68 (except 68lM and 9. Total Aincludes 513.65.

G 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 1 (beverages and tobacco),5 (chemicals), 6 (manufactured goods classified bymaterial) and 7 (machinery and transport equipment) -all included in Totals A and B; possible overestimationof both Totals.

2. Total B excludes 01, Oh, 05, 07, 09, 122, 231, 244.02,251, 26, 3, 43, and 9 but includes 711 and 735.Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

* 3a4aar: 1. SITC Code 12 (tobacco and tobacco.manufactures) excludedin Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 032, 0h, 052, 055, 073, 09, 2, 3(except 332), 43 and 9, but includes 667, 711j and 735.Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

ti?Xque: 1. For lack of details Total B excludes SITC Code 0(except 053), 1, 2, 3, ;, and 9. Total A includesall items of SITC 5, 6, and 7.

2. Total B excludes 01 032, 04 052, 055, 062, 07, 090122, 23, 24, 26, 3 texcept. 332), 43, and 9, but includes667 and 711. Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

1. Nlo breakdown for SITC Codes.331 (petroleum, crude andpartly refined) - excluded from Total B; 9 (commoditiesand transactions, n.e.s.) included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 013 0, 052, 062, 071.2, 072.2,23, 24, 26, 3 (except 332%, 43, and 9. Total A includes513.65.

1. No breakdown for sections 3 (mineral fuels, lubricantsand related materials) - included in Total B; 7 (machineryand transport equipment) included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 048 and 071.3), 11, 2 (except243), 3, 68 and 9, but includes 667. Total A includes513.65, 667, 711 and 735.

P?arw%ua 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 071 (coffee), 072 (cocoa) -excluded from Totals A and B. Also no breakdown forsections 1 (beverages and tobacco), 6 (manufactured goodsclassified by material), and 7 (machinery and transportequipment) - all included in Total A.

1, Exoorts of STC Code 532.1 (que&recho. extracts)substantially decreased in: 1969.

2. Total B excludes 012, 032, O4, 052j 062, 07, 11, 122,23, 244.02, 25, 26, 3 (except 332), L3, 68, 7 and 9.

Trinidad and 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 1 (beverages and tobacco)Tobago and 513 (inorganic elements, oxides, etc.) in 1969 -

both included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 013, O, 052, 055, 062, 071.3,073 , 11, 122, 2319 2h4, 25, 26, 34l2,0- 351 and 43, butincludes 513.65, 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes513.65, 68, 667, and 961.

Uruguay: 1. in 1969 exports of SITC 013 (meat prouucts) fell con-siderably.

Venezuela: 1. No breakdorn of sections 1 (beverages and tobacco),5 (chemicals), and 7 (machinery and transport equip-ment) - all included in Total A. No breakdown forsection 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) -excluded from Total A. No breakdown for SITC 312(petroleum, crude and partly refined) - excluded frmnTotal B. 1960 exorts are underestimated due tounitemized SITC 67 (pig iron and steel ingots or bars).

2. Total B excludes 01, O4h, 05, 06 072, 073, 09, 1, 2,3515, 5, 8, and 93 but includes 331.01, 667, 711 and735. Total A includes 68.

DE OPEDL0?ED MLUT ECONOMY COUiNTRIES

Australia: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco)- included in Total A and Total B. No breakdowm forSITC 51 - so SITC 513.65 may be included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 032, 047, 055, 062, 07, 09, 2, 3(except 332), h3 and 951, but includes 121. Total Aincludes 687.1 and 689.

Austriza 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes l(beverages and tobacco)and 9; possible overestimation of Totals A and B.

2. Total B exccludes 0 (except 073), 1, 2 (exzept 243, 251and 266) and 9, Total A includes 513.65, 681, 683.1.685.1, 6G6. 1 and 687.1.

Belgim/ 1. SITC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco) not broken down -

Luxembourg: included in Totals A and B. Also 685 (lead) and 686(zinc) are not broken down - included in Total A andpossible overestimat ion of Total A.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 013, 048, and 055), 2 (except266), h and 9, but includes 321, 331.01 and 341.l TotalA includes 513.65, 683.13 685.1 and 687.1.

Canada: 1. SITC Code 4 (animal and vegetable oil and fats) notbroken down - Totals A and B may be overestiiated. Also513 is not broken down - 513.65 may be included inTotal A.

2. Total B excludes O47, 048, 05, 062, 07, 09, 231.3, 231-h,244.02, 26, and 9. Total A includes 513.65, 685.1, 687.1and 689.

Denmark: 1. SITC Codes 682 (copper), 685 (lead) and 686 (zinc) arenot broken down - included in Total B and probable over-estimation of Total B. These are excluded from Totai Aand possibly Total A is underestimated.

2. Total B excludes 046, O47, 05, 07, 23, 24A.02, 251, 26,331.02, 341.2, 43 and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

France: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 513 - included in Total A;682, 683, 685, 686, and 687 not broken down - excludedfrom Total A but included in Total B.

2. Total B excludes.0322 047, 07, 09, 122, 231.3, 231.4,24, 25, 267, 3 (except 332), h3, and 9. Total A includes68.

Germany,, Federal 1. SITC Codes 683 (nickel), 685 (lead), 686 (zinc), andRep. of: 687 (tin) are not broken down - all excluded from Total

A and probably Total A is underestimatei while Total Bmay be overestimated.

2. Total B excludes 0, 1, 231, 2h., 251, 267, 3 (:except 332),43, and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68 (except 681and 682.1).

Italy: 1. SITC Codes 683, 685, 686, and 687 are not broken down -all excluded from' Total A.

2. TQtal B excludes 01, 032j 0h, 052, 062, 07, 09.9 23, 2h,251, 267, 3 (except 332), 43 and 9, but incl1ides 667.Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

3wzo 1 For 1969 SITO Code 513 was not broken dow-n - 513.-65 f;included in Total A; S'-TC 685 (lead) and 686 (zinc') arenot broken down - they are excluded £rom Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 0h9 05, 062, 07, 09, 1, 231.3,231.4., 24, 251, 3, 43 and 9. Total A includes 513.65and 68 (except 682.1).

Netiherlands: 1. SITC Code 513 is rot broken down - added to Total A;no breakdowm for 682, 683, 685, a.nd 686 - all excluded IronToal A, possible underestimation of Total A and over-estimation of Total B.

2. Total B excludes 0465 047,, 052, 0O2, 071.3, 072.2, 23 .3231.14, 2h39 2hL.02, 251., 267, 331.02, 351, and 9. TotaLA includes 513.65 and 68.

New Zealand. 1. No breakdown Lor SITC Code 1 (beverage-6 and tobacco) -included in Total A; Code 682 (copper) excluded fronTotal A except in 1960 where no figure is availablefor this code; and Code 9 (corrmodities and transact--ions.,n.e.s.) excluded from Total A.

Norway: 1. In 1960 no breakdown for SITC Codes 1 and 513 - allincluded in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 013 05o, o6, 07, 1, 23, 211902:,267, 331.029 3144.2, 43, 681i1, 687.1 and 951, butincludes 667. Total A includes 513.65,

Sweden: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 1 - -included in Total A; nobreakdown for 683 - excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 012 and 013), 1, 3 (except 332);,43 and 961. Total A includes 513.65 and 69 (except 682. ',*1

Switzerland: 1. There is no breakdown for 682 (copper) and 683 (nickel)- all excluded from Total A,.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 071.3, 073 and 09), 11, 2(except 266), 3, an3 d 961 Total A includes 513.65,and 68 ('except- 681 and 682.1).

United Kingldom 1. No breakdorn for SITC Codes 685 (lead) and 686 (zinc) -all excluded from Total A,

2. Total B excludes 01, 032, 0146, 047, 05, 09, 23, 2149 25,267, 143, 3 (except 332), and 9, but includes 061, 071.1,072.1, 0714, and 075. Total A includes 513.65, 685.1,686.1 and 689.

ited State: 1. Si.C 0oa3 6S 5 zzC) and 6, are b8 i -don - all eliuead from Total A.

2. Tota'l B exluades 032, 062, 07, 214A023 26 and 9, bout

includes 01, 231. 1 330 and 3L1l O tsl Aincludes 513.65 and 68 (excepij 681 and 682.1)

CENTRALLY ?IJAEED ECON0ME C0O1TRIES

wJhah4lovakcia: 1. For lack of' breakdo,x SITC Codes 0 (except 048)J, 9(except- 243 and 25.1), 331.02, 351, 43 and 9 are e:c-cludedfrom: Total B while codes 5, 6 (except 68) and 7 (minus711 and 735) are included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 032, 046, 047 05, 07, 09, 122, 231,2144.022 251, 26, 3 (except 332, 43 and-9, but includes667. Total A itcludes. 513.65 and 68.

Ge=a,, Dem.Rap. d: 2. Total B excludes 0, 1, 2, 3, h3, 5, 6, (except 642)

and 9.

s 1. F.or 1960, no SITC codes provided, and for thosecommodities listed only the volume (not values) aregiven. in 1965, commodities are broken down to 2-digitlevel only. No breakdown for SITC codes oS (fruit andvegetables), 06 (sugar, stgar preparations and honey),07 (coffee, tea, and spices) 23 (crude rubber, etc.),26 (textile fibers and waste and 68 (ncnferrousmetals) - all excluded from. Total A, and possibleunderestimation of Total i.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 09), 1225 29 3, " and 9,but inclludes 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes 513.65and 68

ilias 2. Total B excludes 012, 032, 047, 048, 05, 062, 07, 1,3 (except 332) and 43.

U.S*S.R. 1. In 1960 and 1965 trade commodities did not have SITCcodes. Totals are obtained by matching the listeditems in the UiI Mparbook of International TradeStatisti-cs with those In the U1N Standard International TradeClassification., Revised Statistical Papers, Series ., No. 34whi h gives a list of- items against p6,propriate SITC codes.

2. Total B excludes 032 (except in 1969) 047, 048, 05,062, 07,, 09, 13 2 (except 243 and 251, 331.02, 341.23

and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68 (except 681 and689.

Z. .

-TT >o 1WE L. Že .?rTota,. B"

Manufactured Product SITC(REV.)Code 110(Rev 2)2ode

1. Sugar, raw 061.1 3118

2. Sagar, rafined 061.2 31 r 8

3. Molasses 061.5 3118

14. Sugars and syrups, n.e.s. 061.9 3112, 3118, 3121

5. Coffee, roasted 071.1 /a 3121

6. Tea, processed into black or green 074.1 /b 3121

7. Faeding-stuff for animals excluding unmilled 081 /c 311, 31k, 313

84 Wool of sheep and lamb, degreased 262.2 3211

9. -Wol, shoddy 262.6 3219

10. Wool, carded or combed (excel. tops) 262.7 3211

1i. Wool, tUops 262.8 3211

12. vlool, waste ard n.e.s. 262.9 321

13. Cotton, linters 263.2 3211

14. Cotton, combed or carded 263.4 3211, 3215

15. Coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite orof peat 321.8 35140, 3530, 3710

/a Also i ncludes green coffee.

AD Also includes raw tea.

/c Parts of 081.11) 081.12, 081.19, and 081.92 should be excluded.081.1 is "green or dry hay and fodder". 081.9 is "food wastes andprepared animal feed, n.e.s.

- ! . 9 -

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