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GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI
MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES PROJECT (ISP)
Project ID Number: P057761
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK
FINAL DRAFT REPORT
February, 2006
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GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI
MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES PROJECT (ISP)
Project ID Number: P057761
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK
FINAL DRAFT REPORT
Consultant: Water Waste and EnvironmentP.O. Box 31271
Capital CityLilongwe 3.
Malawi.
Mobile: (265) 8 831 595e-mail: [email protected]
February, 2006
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared with the support and consultationsof many people to whom the authors are very grateful.
The people consulted included workers and communities in the proposed project distrcts and developmentcorridors of Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko; Zomba - Phalombe - Mulanje; Rumphi - Nyika -Chitipa; Mangochi - Cape Maclear; and Ntcheu - Tsangano - Mwanza.
District officials such as District Commissioners, members of District Executive Committees and AreaDevelopment Committees, Environmental District Officers, Chiefs and the general public provided valuable inputto this study. In addition, a number of senior officers in the Environmental Affairs Department, Ministry ofEconomic Planning and Development and other stakeholder ministries of Pubic Works and Transport, Energy,and Information and Tourism provided considerable administrative and logistical support during the assignment.The author wishes to sincerely acknowledge their support.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................. II
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FRAMEWORK ............................................... V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................. VI
CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND ON THE ISP AND THIS STUDY . ......................................... I
1.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 1
1.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY ........................................................ 3
1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................... 31.3.1 Roads ........................................................ 31.3.2 Electrification ......................................................... 41.3.3 Water supply and sanitation ........................................................ 51.3.4 Telecom m unication ....................................................... 5
1.4 PROPOSED PROJECT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ................................................. 51.4.1 Ministry of Economic Planning and Development .61.4.2 The multi-sectoral Steering Committee .61.4.3 The Technical Commitee .61.4.4 The Project Management Unit (PMU) .61.4.5 The National Roads Authority (NRA) .61.4.6 The Ministry of Water Development (MWD) .61.4.7 The Regional Water Boards (RWB's) .61.4.8 Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment .61.4.9 Electricity Supply Commission, (ESCOM) .71.4.10 Ministry of Information and Toursm .71.4.11 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development .71.4.12 Private Sector Operators.7
1.5 PROJECT COST ESTIMATES .7
1.6 ISP DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES .8
1.7 JUSTIFICATION AND RATIONALE FOR THE ISP .8
1.8 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMNT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) . 8
1.9 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK . 9
1.10 POTENTIAL USERS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK . 9
1.11 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY TO THE PREPARATION OF THE ESMF .10
1.12 INFORMATION GATHERING FOR THE ESMF .101.12.1 Field Investigations and Public Consultations .101.12.2 Questionnaire.121.12.3 Literature review.12
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1.13 CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE FRAMEWORK ..................................... 12
1.14 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT ..................................................................... 13
CHAPTER TWO: BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING . . 15
2.1 RUMPHI - NYIKA - CHITIPA CORRIDOR .15
2.2 NTCHEU - TSANGANO - MWANZA CORRIDOR .16
2.3 MANGOCHI - CAPE MCLEAR CORRIDOR .17
2.4 ZOMBA - PHALOMBE - MULANJE CORRIDOR .18
2.5 BANGULA -TENGANI-NSANJE- MAKOKO CORRIDOR .20
CHAPTER THREE: RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK POLICIES ... 22
3.1 MALAWI LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO ISP IMPLEMANTATION ................................................................. 22
3.2 RELEVANT WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ........................................ ............................. 25
3.3 GAPS BETWEEN WORLD BANK POLICIES AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION ..................... .......................... 26
CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS . . 28
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .......................................... 28
4.2 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ..................................................................... 31
CHAPTER FIVE: THE SCREENING PROCESS FOR PROJECT SITES AND ACTIVITIES ... 36
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SCREENING PROCESS ..................................................................... 36
5.2 STEP 1: SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES ..................................................................... 36
5.3 STEP 2: ASSIGNING THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES ............................................... 37
5.4 STEP 3: CARRYING OUT ENVIRONMENTAL WORK ..................................................................... 375.4.1 Environmental and Social Checklist: ........................................................................ 385.4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ......... 38
5.5 STEP 4: REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE SCREENING ACTIVITIES ........................................................ 385.5.1 Review .........................................................................385.5.2 Recommendation for Approval/Disapproval ... 395.5. 3 Approval/Disapproval ... ..... 395.5.4 Endorsement ...... 39
5.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ..................................................................... 39
CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS . . 41
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................... 41
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRACTOR ..................................................................... 41
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6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .................................................................. 456.2.1 Rehabilitation of Existing Infrastructure and Construction of New Infrastructure and other Project Activities.. 45
6.3 MONITORING INDICATORS .................................................................. 45
CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ESMF . . 47
7.1 DEFINITION OF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................. 47
7.2 SOURCE OF FUNDING FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ....................................... 48
CHAPTER EIGHT: CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING FOR ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ........................................................ 49
8.1 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE ESMF .......................... 498.1.1 The National Roads Authority .. 498.1.2 The Ministry of Water Development .. . .. 498.1.3 The Regional Water Boards .... 498.1.4 Electrcity Supply Commission (ESCOM) .... ....... 508.1.5 Ministry of Information and Toufism ... 508.1.6 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development ......... 50
8.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED TRAINING ACTIVITIES ................................................................... 52
8.3 PROPOSED APPROACH IN EXECUTING THE TRAINING ACTIVITIES ......................................................... 52
8.4 PROJECT EQUIPMENT FOR STAKEHOLDERS DURING PROJECT PERIOD ............................................... 53
CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 54
APPENDICES ............................................................ 56
APPENDIX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM .................................................................. 57
APPENDIX 2 FLOW CHART FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING PROCESS .......................................... 63
APPENDIX 3: PROCEDURES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF INFRASTUCTURESERVICES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ....................................................................... 64
APPENDIX 4: THE GENERAL EIA PROCESS IN MALAWI (ADAPTED FROM THE EIA GUIDELINES 1997, EAD) 65
APPENDIX 5 GENERIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA FOR THE ISP .66
APPENDIX 6: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARD POLICIES .67
APPENDIX 7: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS .71
APPENDIX 8: CORRIDOR MAPS .73
APPENDIX: 9: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARATION THE ESMF .78
APPENDIX 10: REFERENCES.83
IV
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FRAMEWORK
DC District CommissionerDEA Director of Environmental AffairsDEAP District Environmental Action PlanDEMM Decentralised Environmental Management ManualEAD Environmental Affairs DepartmentEDO Environmental District OfficerEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEMA Environment Management ActEMP Environmental Management PlanEPA Extension Planning AreaESMF Environmental and Social Management FrameworkGDP Gross Domestic ProductGoM Government of MalawiHIV Human Immuno Defiency Sydrome VirusLGA Local Government ActMMNE Ministry Of Mines, Natural Resources and Environmental AffairsMPRSP Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy PaperNCE National Council on the EnvironmentNEAP National Environmental Action PlanNEP National Environmental PolicyNGO Non-Government OrganizationNLP National Land PolicyNPDP National Physical Development PlanNRA National Roads AuthorityNWRPS National Water Resources Policy and StrategiesOP Operational PolicyPRA Participatory Rural AppraisalRAP Resettlement Action PlanRPF Resettlement Policy FrameworkSOER State of the Environment ReportTA Traditional AuthorityTCE Technical Committee on the EnvironmentTCPA Town and Country Planning Act
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is prepared for the InfrastructureServices Project (ISP), which the Government of Republic of Malawi intends to implement in selected 5district corridors in Malawi. These corridors are: the Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa; Ntcheu-Tsangano-Mwanza; Mangochi-Cape Maclear; Zomba-Phalombe-Mulanje; and the Bangula-Tengani- Nsanje-Makoko corridors. The purpose of this ESMF is to provide a strategic guide for the integration ofenvironmental and social considerations in the planning and implementation of the ISP activities.
Currently, the Malawi Government is seeking financial support of the World Bank for ISP. The totalestimated cost for the proposed project is US$ 50,000,000.00.
1.0 THE PROPOSED PROJECT AND SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES
The proposed Infrastructure Services Project has a number of sub-components aimed at providinginfrastructure and services as a package to include transport, electricity, telecommunications and watersupply and sanitation. It is anticipated that the integrated infrastructure services approach, targeting thefive priority corridors, will contribute to the creation of an appropriate and conducive environment forenhanced productivity of the target communities.
2.0 RATIONALE FOR THE PROJECTMalawi is currently faced with severe problems of inadequate infrastructure services, due to fiscaldifficulties, aging infrastructure and institutional constraints. These problems are affecting both theurban and rural communities and are a barrier to access to basic needs and inputs of production suchas water supply, sanitation, electricity, telecommunication and roads.
The underlying premise for the project is that coordinated infrastructure service provision and the
strategic location of infrastructure service investments will contribute more effectively to the growth ofthe national productivity. The availability of; and access to various infrastructure services will facilitateefficient production of goods and services, leading to the decrease of unit costs of production,affordability of goods and services and improved livelihoods.
3.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OBJECTVES AND TARGETSThe development objectives of the Infrastructure Services Project are to stimulate broad-basedeconomic growth and public services delivery; and to improve access to and reliability of infrastructureservices, in an effort to exploit the productive potential of farm and non-farm rural enterprises in theselected 5 district corridors.
The anticipated project outcome is that the communities, farms, other non farm enterprises and publicinstitutions in the targeted areas will have improved access to stable, reliable and adequate powersupply, clean drinking water and efficient transport to markets.
4.0 JUSTIFICATION FOR PREPARATION OF THE ESM FOR THE PROJECT.According to Section 24 (1) of the Malawi Government's Environment Management Act, Number 23 of1996 and the Government's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA Guidelines of December, 1997,the Infrastructure Services Project would fall under the list of projects for which environmental impactassessment is mandatory, prior to implementation. The basis is that the proposed project constitutesseveral components of activities, which would generate considerable changes and significant effects to
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the environment. Hence, environmental components such as land, water, forests and biologicaldiversity might be adversely affected.
Since the extent and nature of the project activities are not known at this time, this framework isdesigned to guide in the establishment, of some appropriate level of environmental managementmeasures for implementation, in all the stages of the project activities, from the planning stage to theimplementation including decommissioning.
The proposed Infrastructure Services Project has been categorized as a B, according to the WorldBank's Operational Policy (OP4.01; Environmental Assessment). Therefore, the appropriateenvironmental work will have to be carried out. Since the locations of the infrastructure investmentsand their potential negative localized impacts could not be determined prior to appraisal, this projectrequires the preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) to ensureappropriate mitigation of potential negative environmental and social impacts.
5.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS FROM THE PROJECT ACTIVITIESAlthough the project activities will vary in size, location, scope and the approach in implementation,most of these activities will involve civil engineering and construction works. Hence the generic andtypical environmental impacts for the ISP would include:
* Loss of forest resources;* Increase in soil erosion;* Loss of fragile ecosystem;* Soil and water contamination;* Dust emissions;* Siltation of water courses and;* Changes in migration patterns of animals.
The generic and typical social impacts of the project activities would include:* loss of land for human settlement;* Loss of garden for the local communities;* Loss of grazing land and rivers for local people;* Loss of crops and other property for the local communities;* Influx of people to project areas;* Incidences of communicable diseases and health hazards to workers;* spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV and AIDS within the area;* Conflicts over land use and ownership;* Disruption of footpaths and roads for people and;* Disruption of living patterns of local villagers.
6.0 KEY STRATEGIES OF THE ESMF.This environment and social management framework has been prepared as a guide for the initialscreening of the proposed ISP sites and for negative environmental and social impacts, which wouldrequire attention prior to project implementation. The framework outlines a number of strategies inundertaking the exercise. These include the following:* An outline of a comprehensive checklist for the potential environmental impacts and their sources;* An outline of a comprehensive checklist for the potential social impacts and their sources;* Systematic procedures for participatory screening process for project sites and project activities for
environmental and social considerations;
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* A step by step procedure for forecasting the main potential environmental and social impacts of theplanned project activities;
* A typical environmental management plan for addressing negative externalities in the course ofproject implementation and operations within environs;
* A step by step monitoring and evaluation system for implementation of mitigation measures and;* An outline of recommended capacity building measures for environmental planning and monitoring
of the project activities.
7.0 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REPORTThe report recommends that in order for the implementation of the ESMF to be successful, there isneed to ensure that other projects being implemented in the same areas as the ISP have their owncomprehensive environmental and social management plans. It is also recommended that theEnvironmental Affairs Department and other relevant line ministries should ensure that human activitiesthat lead to deforestation and other environmental problems are properly managed and monitored.
The report also recommends that for successful implementation of this ESMF, involvement andparticipation of local communities is paramount.
Specifically the report recommends:* Use this framework prior to any project activity of the ISP.* Environmental and Social awareness and education for the key stakeholders and affected
communities;* Training the local community structures to implement the ESMF and the screening process;
* Regularly updating this ESMF to respond to changing local conditions;* Building capacities of the District Assemblies for developing appropriate information
management systems to support the environmental and social management process;
* Providing the necessary resources and equipment for the District Assemblies to be able toproduce the necessary documentation and forms for the implementation of the ESMF;
* Empowering the Environmental District Officer to adequately administer the ESMF
8.0 POTENTIAL USERS OF THE ESMFAs a reference material, the framework will be useful to several stakeholders who will be involved inplanning, implementation and monitoring of the proposed project. Some of the key users of thisframework are as follows:
* Funding agencies/donors for the proposed Infrastructure Services Project;* District Executive Committee members in the targeted districts;* Participating sectors in the implementation of the ISP;* Politicians and local traditional leaders.* Senior central government officials responsible for policymaking and project planning.* Central government officials responsible for environmental planning and management.* NGO's involved in natural resource management in the selected districts;* Planners and engineers for preparation of plans and designs of the project activities.* Engineers and contractors to be involved in implementation of the project activities.* The following sections of the ESMF should be included in the Project Implementation Manual:
PSections 5.1 to 5.6 of Chapter 5, The Screening Process;'Sections 6.1 to 6.3 of Chapter 6, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans;
>Section 7.1 of Chapter 7, Implementation Arrangements and;>Sections 8.1 to 8.6 of Chapter 8, Capacity Building and Training Requirements for the ESMF
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CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND ON THE ISPAND THIS STUDY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Government of the Republic of Malawi, with the assistance from the World Bank, is implementingthe Infrastructure Services Project. This project will focus on prioritized service delivery in the waterand sanitation, electricity, roads and telecommunications sectors. Interventions will be in five selecteddistrict corridors and will be coordinated across the mentioned sectors, with the view to significantlyenhancing production and productivity, notably in the agriculture, tourism and mining sectors,
The desired approach is to provide infrastructure and services as a package to include transport,electricity, telecommunications and water supply and sanitation. It is anticipated that this approach willcontribute to the creation of an appropriate and conducive environment for enhanced productivity of thetarget communities.
To identify priority areas for infrastructure investments, the Government of Malawi undertook an initialassessment study in potential growth areas of the country. Based on the results of the initialassessment study, the following five priority areas (also referred to as the five corridors) were identifiedfor feasibility studies:
* Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko* Zomba-Phalombe-Mulanje* Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa* Mangochi-Cape Maclear* Ntcheu-Tsangano-Mwanza
The feasibility studies will determine the economic, financial and technical viability of priorityinfrastructure investments in these potential growth corridors. Map 1.1 on page 2 shows the targetedfive potential development corridors and Maps 2 to 6 in Appendix 7 show the five road corridors in theselected districts.
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N GN-_Eo 1 MAP 1.1: MAP OF MALAWI SHOWINGA Chitipa THE FIVE ISP CORRIDORS
A t--t~~~Karonf
Ruhalires * CorndorTowns
=- cc .i .. * TownsdFX -+,,, | $J lCorridorArea
Rl /-.Main Corndor RoadMain Rivers
f * IWUZU | ~--Main Roads, -- , _.: ~~~~Secondary R oads
V J , l / /' ^---S~~~~ntemnational boundary
K4sungu* t
C -e-, Lilongwv '- -
r->, Ca a gclear
\s@ - -- '--'' q 8bQ chi
Tsangano q 1 |l
( Blantyreii halombe
> \- 9, Mu~~~~~~~lanje
Ba ngLla
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Makoko
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1.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY
The proponent of the Infrastructure Services Project (ISP) is the Government of Republic of Malawiwhile the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development is the implementing Agency on behalf of theGovernment. The contact details of the Ministry of Planning and Economic Development are as follows:
> Name of Implementer : Ministry of Economic Planning and Development> Postal address : P.O. Box 30136, Capital City, Lilongwe 3, Malawi> Telephone : 265-01- 788 888> Facsimile : 265-01- 788 247> E-mail : epDdmalawi.net; epd(amepdqov.orQ
1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The precise types and locations of the infrastructure services project activities are not yet known at thistime. However, according to the Initial Assessment Study Draft Report of May 2005 and subsequentAide Memoirs, the Infrastructure Services Project will focus on four main prioritized service deliveryareas of, water supply and sanitation, electricity, roads and telecommunications.
The improvement of service delivery will be carried out in the Rumphi - Nyika - Chitipa; Ntcheu -Tsangano - Mwanza; Mangochi - Cape Maclear; Zomba - Phalombe - Mulanje; and Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko districts and town centres. Growth centers along the road corridors (such as the Zomba,Phalombe and Mulanje corridor) connecting the town centres will be targeted to boost the economicactivity.
The proposed project development activities are broadly described and categorized into the followingsub-components under each priority service area, as follows:
1.3.1 RoadsThe project activities will include construction of priority feeder roads and periodic road maintenance atthe district level. Investment decisions will be based on an annual road sector programme, to be timelysubmitted on a regular basis, by the Local Authorities and to be consolidated into the National RoadsAuthority's (NRA) national plan. NRA will be responsible for maintaining major roads and will pay formaintenance from the fuel levy.
Since rural feeder roads and footpaths are being financed under MASAF and other district resources,the project is not expected to finance these works unless they are considered to achieve economicbenefits in the areas; and unless there is no other source of financing is available. If rural feeder roadsand footpaths are to be financed under the project, the District Assembly must demonstrate a trackrecord of providing sufficient resources for ongoing maintenance.
According to the information available at this time, the proposed project sub-component 1, for LocalRoads under the jurisdiction of the National Roads Authority, will include periodic and backlogmaintenance activities, repairs to bridges, drainage structures and any other works necessary toimprove access. Other related activities on this sub-component will include consulting services fordetailed design and preparation of bidding documents, consulting services for supervision ofconstruction works, consulting services for the preparation of ElAs and RAPs, where applicable; andfeasibility studies for other roads in the project areas.
Under sub-component 2 for District Level Roads, activities will include maintenance, spot improvementsand repairs of drainage structures, bridges and footbridges. Related activities on this sub-componentwill include engineering services for contract packaging, support for establishment of community basedcontractors, and consultancy services for the use of labour based construction methods.
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1.3.2 ElectrificationIn the power services sector, the project proposes to strengthen medium-voltage lines to the projectareas; to intensify customer connections to the grid; and to expand use of solar PV systems for publicinstitutions. The project is intended to finance rural electrification through the Government's RuralElectrification Fund and through ESCOM or its successor companies where applicable.
The government expects to concession out the distribution operations of ESCOM during the lifetime ofthe project. In the ESCOM concession, the government may include an obligation to undertake therural electrification programme that would be partly financed by the government, through the ruralelectrification fund. The ISP may contribute to financing this programme. This project componentwould complement JICA's financing of the government's rural electrification programme. Hence theproject would not finance woks on any sites for which the government has already obtained financingcommitment from JICA.
The government has identified the cost of electricity connection as the major obstacle for consumers toconnect to electricity supply. The project proposes to address this aspect by contributing about 90% ofthe connection costs. However, the government is expected to develop nationwide and long termstrategies to increase the success rate of the rural electrification programme.
Under the electrification services sector the proposed sub-component 1 for grid extension, rehabilitationand reticulation expansion will include:
* Strengthening of transmission lines and primary sub-stations to reduce the current highnetwork losses; and to ensure adequate electricity supply to the selected project corridors.
* Construction of distribution lines, sub-stations, and transformers in the selected sitesThis sub-component will also include engineering services for the design and supervision, feasibilitystudies for additional loss reduction programmes; provisions for consulting services for the preparationof ElAs and RAPs, where applicable; and technical advisory services for separating ESCOM'scorporate accounts into rural electrification business accounts and commercial business accounts.
Subcomponent 2 for Capital Contribution to the Rural Electrification Fund will entail the disbursement ofa portion of the IDA grant to the rural electrification fund, to support additional electrification in theproject corridors through the use of innovative approaches. The funds would be made available to co-operatives, ESCOM or its successor companies; and private enterprises that may wish provideelectrification services to communities. These electrification services would include distribution andsupply, metering, revenue collection and management of systems in the areas of grid-based as well asrenewable energy. The fund would also support the establishment of local energy and water supplyservice companies. Application of funds for this service would require the existence of strong financialmanagement procedures and regulations to manage the fund.
Sub-component 3 for the promotion of renewable energy options (IDA and GEF financed) will comprisefunding for renewable energy systems; mainly solar PV systems and solar water heating systems forschools, clinics, community centres; and individual consumers for the areas remotely located from theelectricity grid. Guidelines on energy supply to these facilities and institutions would have to bedeveloped and the technical specifications and procurement packages for solar PV systems and solarwater heating systems would have to be in place. The development of a sound management systemfor the funds would also be a prerequisite for the execution of this component.
Sub-component 4 will comprise of advisory services and training for:* Financial and regulatory management,* Design of low cost/affordable distribution standards and innovative management
arrangements,
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* Capacity building for local technicians in the design, installation and maintenance of renewableenergy and grid based systems,
* Co-operatives and NGO's; and the private investors in operation, maintenance, andmanagement of electricity supply systems,
* Support to the Malawi Energy Regulatory Agency (MERA) and;* Other activities to be developed at a later stage.
1.3.3 Water supply and sanitationThe project will finance, within the service areas of the Regional Water Boards, extension of waterdistribution mains and sanitation services into project areas and; if required increased water production.Outside the service areas of the Regional Water Boards, the project will finance the establishment ofCommunity Water Boards, Local Private Operators, and the construction of small water supplyschemes to serve the project areas.
The specific project activities in the water supply and sanitation services area will include the installationof piped water supply and sanitation facilities serving market centres, villages, schools and clinics.Other project related activities will include technical assistance to train water associations andoperators; to assist the communities to plan, design and supervise construction of water and sanitationfacilities and; provisions for consulting services for the preparation of ElAs and RAPs, where applicable;the orientation and training of Regional Water Board Staff and government consultants to better assistthe communities to plan and manage their facilities.
1.3.4 TelecommunicationThe project proposes to improve access to information and telecommunications services in the projectareas. The options include the provision of rural telephone connections to communities, using publicphones and privately operated kiosks as well as connections to interested households and businesses.Access to Internet and ICT services by establishing small-scale, multi-purpose communitytelecommunication centres in high growth project areas are also proposed.
The aim is to ensure that service provision in rural and under-served areas is commercially viable overthe long term. Where private investment is considered unlikely to serve all areas, the project proposesto support targeted interventions that could potentially be financed through the Universal Access Fund.The fund will be targeted at supporting private operators interested to accelerate access to voicetelephony and internet services, to establish rural multi-purpose tele-centres at selected institutionssuch as schools, hospitals, postal offices, farmers associations and micro- entrepreneurs.
The type of service could differ from one project site to another depending on specifictelecommunication needs and taking into account the integrated approach to service provision underthe ISP. It is anticipated that the results of the feasibility study will help clarify further, the technicalaspects of this service sector. Depending on the cost benefit analysis, one of the best ways to fill in thegaps and increase access to telecommunication services might, for instance, be provision of cellulartelephony. The details of this will become clear after detailed assessments. The project will supportthe retailing of telephone services through small kiosks and bureaus. Improving access to the internetcould be provided through several ways and these will become clear after the feasibility study. Thetelecommunications project activities would be implemented through MACRA.
1.4 PROPOSED PROJECT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
The Infrastructure Services Project will be implemented in a coordinated manner, under the direction of theMinistry of Economic Planning and Development. A multi- sector Steering Committee, including PrincipalSecretaries from all the participating sectors will oversee implementation, while a Technical Committee willprovide guidance on sectoral matters. The Project Management Unit will handle day-to-day project
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management, including financial management. Each sectoral Ministry will designate staff to be responsible forimplementation of its component. The following institutions will be involved in project implementation:
1.4.1 Ministry of Economic Planning and DevelopmentThe Ministry of Economic Planning and Development will be responsible for overall co-ordination. It will conveneand lead the multi-sector Steering Committee, responsible for oversight and will establish and oversee theProject Management Unit.
1.4.2 The multi-sectoral Steering CommiKteeThis Committee will be responsible for oversight of the appraisal of the proposed sub-projects. TheCommittee will be composed of Principal Secretaries from each sector.
1.4.3 The Technical CommitteeThe Technical Committee will be responsible for advising the Project Management Unit on sectoraldevelopment plans and standards
1.4.4 The Project Management Unit (PMU)The project Management Unit will be responsible for day-today project management including overallfinancial management; monitoring and evaluation. It will be responsible for all procurement andcontract management of cross-sectoral activities including coordination of the activities of the variousimplementing agencies
1.4.5 The National Roads Authority (NRA)The National Roads Authority will be responsible for implementing the roads component; including theprocurement and contract management for specific goods, works and services for sector.Environmental and social management work will be done in coordination with the Ministry of Mines,Natural Resources and Environment; and the Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys; toensure that all land and environment related concerns are incorporated.
1.4.6 The Ministry of Water Development (MWD)This Ministry will be responsible for providing oversight for the water supply and sanitation componentof the Infrastructure Services Project. The Ministry is not directly involved in environmental and socialmanagement problems associated with specific infrastructure development projects. These are left tothe Regional Water Boards and the respective district administration. However, the Ministry isresponsible for provision of the required enabling environment, including policies and strategies toensure sustainable environmental and social management of water projects.
1.4.7 The Regional Water Boards (RWB's)The Regional Water Boards will be responsible for implementing water and sanitation sub-projects,including procurement and contract management for sector-specific goods, works and services; andoperating new piped water supply systems; or providing professional support services to localoperators. The Boards' management runs the day to day operations, and the directors representstakeholders' interest. The Boards have the obligation for sustainable water resources use andmanagement to promote water conservation and water catchment protection.
1.4.8 Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and EnvironmentIn the Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment, two departments will be involved. TheDepartment of Energy will be responsible for providing oversight for the energy component of the ISP,while the Department of Environmental Affairs will be responsible for all the environmental managementactivities of the ISP through auditing, monitoring, and evaluation of the environmental managementplans, to ensure that adverse environmental impacts can be eliminated or mitigated. The Departmentwill also review (through the Technical committee on the Environment), all the Environmental ImpactAssessment and Environmental Audit reports to ensure compliance with the provisions of theEnvironment Management Act.
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1.4.9 Electricity Supply Commission, (ESCOM)The Electricity Supply Commission will be responsible for procurement and contract management of theelectricity project sub-components. It will operate the newly constructed distribution systems andrelated infrastructure. ESCOM will also be responsible for preparation of environmental managementplans for the project activities of electricity component of the ISP, including those related to themanagement of PCBs from transformer oils. ESCOM will perform these environmental managementactivities through their Environmental Officer, recruited specifically for ESCOM's environmentalmanagement function.
1.4.10 Ministry of Information and TourismThis Ministry will be responsible for the procurement of design; and contracting for the telecommunicationscomponent. The Tourism Department will be responsible for promoting tourism development within the selectedcorridors, The Department will ensure environmental protection of attractive sites of tourst potential and it willalso spearhead ecotourism development to ensure sustainable utilization of natural resources.
1.4.11 Ministry of Local Government and Rural DevelopmentThis Ministry will be responsible (through the District Administration) for ensuring co-ordination of ISPactivities at the district level and for procurement and contract management of the rural feeder roadsand other district level infrastructure for the sub-projects. The District Administration will be involved inidentifying priority areas for development within the districts. They will be reviewing and endorsingrecommendations for infrastructure development in their districts and for maintaining rural roads. TheDistrict Administration will ensure that adverse environmental and social impacts are managed and /ormitigated through the active participation in the ISP implementation. The District EnvironmentalOfficers and District Environmental Sub-committees including other district personnel will spearheadenvironmental screening and environmental management functions of the ISP as appropriate.
1.4.12 Private Sector OperatorsThe project may, on a pilot basis, introduce new institutional arrangements for involving private sectoroperators in power and water distribution and in the operation of tele-centres. These could be multi-sector utilities operators responsible for provision of all the three services. The private sector operatorswill perform the necessary environmental management obligations as required by the EnvironmentalManagement Act. These obligations will include preparation of EAI and other environmental reportssuch as environmental audits and environmental management plans as required by the legislation.
1.5 PROJECT COST ESTIMATES
According to the preliminary estimates, the five priority project components will be allocated funding asfollows:
* The Water and Sanitation component, to be implemented under the Ministry of WaterDevelopment will be allocated an estimated amount of US$7.8 million
* The energy component will be allocated US$6.6 million and will be implemented through theMinistry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs, Department of Energy.
* The telecommunications component, to be implemented through the Ministry of Informationand Tourism, is estimated to cost US$2.1 million; and
* The transport! roads component, to be implemented through the National Roads Authority inconjunction with the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MRTTP Unit) isestimated to cost US$25.8 million.
Other project related costs for capacity building, project preparation and unallocated funds pendingresults of the pre-feasibility study, are estimated at US$7.7 million.
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1.6 ISP DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES
The development objectives of the project are to:a) Stimulate broad-based economic growth and public service delivery in selected districts;
b) Improve access to and reliability of infrastructure services to exploit the productive potential of
farm and non-farm rural enterprises.
The anticipated project outcome is that the community, farms, other non farm enterprises and public
institutions in the targeted areas will have improved access to stable, reliable and adequate
communication, power supply, clean drinking water and efficient transport to markets.
1.7 JUSTIFICATION AND RATIONALE FOR THE ISP
Currently in Malawi, infrastructure in many towns is grossly inadequate, characterized by low availability
of reliable and affordable investment to support productivity and economic growth. Inadequate
infrastructure services, due to fiscal difficulties, aging infrastructure and institutional constraints is
affecting both the urban and rural communities and is a barrier to access to basic needs and inputs of
production such as water supply, sanitation, electricity, telecommunication and roads.
The underlying premise for the project is that coordinated infrastructure service provision and the
strategic location of infrastructure service investments will contribute more effectively to the growth of
the national productivity. The availability of and access to various infrastructure services will facilitate
efficient production of goods and services, leading to the decrease of unit costs of production and the
improvement of livelihoods.
1.8 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMNT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)
The objective of this ESMF is to ensure that the implementation of the Infrastructure Services Project,
which includes the GEF financed component for solar PV and water heating systems, will be carried out
in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner.
The ESMF will provide the project implementers with an environmental and social screening process
that will enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential environmental and social impacts of the
priority infrastructure investments.
The screening results would indicate whether additional environmental and/or social work will be
required or not. Thus, the ESMF is designed to ensure that the appropriate level of environmental
management, which could range from the application of simple mitigation measures (assessed through
the environmental checklists); to the preparation of a comprehensive EIA Report (according Malawi's
EIA Guidelines), is applied. For the case of the ISP, no comprehensive EIA might be required since the
ISP has been categorized as B, indicating that category A activities will not apply and that no additional
environmental work might be require.
The ESMF will outline the:
a) Steps of the screening process from identification to approval of an infrastructure investment
b) Environmental and social mitigation measures that can be applied and adopted
c) Draft terms of reference for an EIA if required and;
d) Summary of the Bank's safeguards policies to ensure the laKter are observed during projectimplementation.
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The screening process has been developed because the locations and types of priority investments tobe funded under the Infrastructure Services Project are not yet known at this time; and thereforepotential impacts cannot be precisely identified.It is expected that most priority infrastructure investments will have limited negative environmental andsocial impacts. However, potential localized impacts that would require proper mitigation and possiblythe preparation of a comprehensive EIA might occur.
This ESMF has therefore been prepared to provide project implementers with the screening processthat will enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential negative environmental and socialimpacts; and to ensure proper mitigation and possibly the preparation of a comprehensive EIA and/orRAP where appropriate. Hence the following sections of the ESMF should be included in the ProjectImplementation Manual:
* Sections 5.1 to 5.6 of Chapter 5, The Screening Process;* Sections 6.1 to 6.3 of Chapter 6, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans;* Section 7.1 of Chapter 7, Implementation Arrangements and;* Sections 8.1 to 8.6 of Chapter 8, Capacity Building and Training Requirements for the ESMF
1.9 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
Where project activities and locations are well known the Environment Management Act (EMA)prescribes details of how an EIA can be conducted. In the case of the ISP, the precise type andlocation of proposed project activities are not known at this time. Therefore the potential social andenvironmental impacts of these project activities cannot be identified in the context of a traditional EIA.This ESMF provides mechanisms for ensuring that potential environmental and social impacts of theISP are identified, assessed and mitigated as appropriate, through an environmental and socialscreening process. In this way the results of the screening process can complement the national EIAprocess.
The Malawi Environment Management Act (1996) and the Malawi EIA guidelines (1997) prescribe theconduct for Environmental Impact Assessment for development projects. However, these instrumentsdo not have guidelines for the screening process for the identification, assessment and mitigation ofpotential localized impacts, where the project details and specific project sites are not yet known.
This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) therefore, complements the MalawiEIA procedures for meeting the environmental and social management requirements, as outlined inAppendix C of the EIA guidelines. The ESMF also complements the World Bank OperationalProcedures for environmental management of projects where specific details are not yet known.
1.10 POTENTIAL USERS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
This framework has been prepared as a reference manual for use by key stakeholders to be involved inthe planning, implementation, management and operation of the proposed ISP. As a reference material,the framework would be useful to the following ISP key stakeholders:(a) Funding and donors agencies.(b) District Executive Committee members in the selected districts.(c) Politicians and local traditional leaders.(d) Senior government officials responsible for policy making and development planning(e) Government extension workers in the selected districts.(f) Non-governmental organizations involved in natural resource management.(g) Planners and engineers for the project activities.
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1.11 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY TO THE PREPARATION OF THE ESMF
The focus of the assignment is to provide a screening process for the potential environmental and
social impacts for the planned future project activities, and to recommend a generic management plan
for addressing the potential negative impacts. In order to achieve these targets, the basic tenet of the
strategy involved high degree of consultations with the various stakeholders. The rationale of these
extensive consultations was to take on board the views from a cross section of people, at the local,
district, and central government level.
The strategies of executing this assignment followed the six steps listed below:
(a) Review of existing general biophysical and social conditions of the proposed project areas;
(b) Review of typical implementation approach and processes for the proposed project activities.
(c) Identification and analysis of potential environmental and social impacts the implementation
processes will likely trigger and generate within and around the project areas.(d) Development of the appropriate screening process for the proposed project sites and project
activities.(e) Identification of appropriate mitigation measures for the likely potential environmental and social
impacts and;(f) Compilation of a generic management and monitoring plan for addressing the impacts during
implementation, operation and maintenance of the project activities.
1.12 INFORMATION GATHERING FOR THE ESMF
Information for the preparation of the ESMF has been collected through a number of research methods,
which include review of related literature from published and unpublished documents, field
investigations and consultation with key stakeholder.
1.12.1 Field Investigations and Public ConsultationsThe consultant undertook field investigations/ surveys and public consultations in the priority project
corridors between November 21 and December 12, 2005. Key stakeholders included persons who
would be affected either positively or negatively by the project. The consultant conducted his site
investigations and stakeholder consultations based on the stakeholder list prepared and discussed with
the PMU and presented in the inception report. The consultant tried to ensure that at lest 30% of the
stakeholders interviewed were women bearing in mind the importance of gender balance for their
representation. The consultant also presented the preliminary findings of the study at the two
stakeholder workshops held in Blantyre and Mzuzu. The field investigations and stakeholder
consultations were carried as follows:* Ntcheu, Neno, Mwanza CorridorAt Ntcheu the consultant had meetings with the MP Hon J. Ng'oma, held discussion with the staff of
the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, met with members of the Ntcheu DEC and held
discussions with T/A Mpando on 21 November, 2005. On November 22, the consultant Traveled to
Mzama and met with Kalonga Area VDC's and selected members of the community, Visited Rivirivi
Community Irrigation Project and discussed with members of the community. On November 23,
the consultant met with 13 Village Headmen of Katsekera; 6 Village Headmen and 2 Group Village
Headmen of Tsangano (each village headman came with a secretary and a treasurer, at least one
of them being a lady) and staff of Tsangano Rural Growth Centre. The consultant held discussions
with the Business Community and Individuals; and met with officers from the Police, Post Office
and Hospital. On November 24, the consultant traveled to Neno and met with Neno DEC; and held
consultations with the MP, the VDC, and the AEC at Kambale. On November 25, a meeting was
held with Mwanza DEC and with the AEC at Lisungwi. Selected members of the public were also
consulted on the same day. On November 26, the consultant traveled to Liwonde and held
discussions with ESCOM.
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* Mangochi, Cape Maclear CorridorOn 27 November, the consultant travelled to Mangochi and held some discussions with selectedmembers of the public. On 28 November, the consultant held discussions with Mangochi DEC,selected members of the public including holiday resort owners. On the same day discussionswere held with selected members of the public and selected officers at Cape Maclear NationalPark.
* Zomba, Phalombe, Mulanje CorridorOn November 21, the consultant travelled to Zomba and made an assessment of the existingenvironment at and around Zomba Boma. On the same day, Discussions were held with theNdege AEC. Public consultations with selected members of the public were held at Kachulu, T/AMwambo. Public consultations were also held with people around Govala. On November 23, ameeting was held with Zomba DEC and public consultations were held with members of Jali AEC.Discussions were held with Migowi AEC and selected members of the public. On November 24 ameeting was held with Phalombe DEC and public consultations were held with selected membersof the community at T/A Nkumba. The consultant travelled to Mulanje on 25 November and metwith the Mulanje DEC. Public consultations were also held with selected members of thecommunity around Chitakale Trading Centre where a meeting was also held with the marketcommittee. On November 26, a meeting was held with the Likhubula AEC. Public consultationswere also held around Likhubula and a meeting was held with T/A Mkanda.
* Rumphi - Nyika - Nthalire- Wenya- Chitipa CorridorOn December 6, the consultant had a meeting with the DC at Rumphi and had discussions withvarious members of the DEC. An assessment of existing biophysical environment at and aroundRumphi Boma was conducted. Consultations were also held with selected members of the publicaround Rumphi Boma. Discussions were held with Themba la mathemba Chikulamayembe atNkhamanga where a meeting was also held with the Nkhamanga Community Water SupplyCommittee on December 7. On the same day, discussions with the AEC at Bolero Rural GrowthCentre were held. An assessment of the existing environment along the Road from Rumphi toThazima Gate (Nyika National Park) was done and public consultations were held with selectedVDCs along the Rumphi-Nyika Road. Consultations were also held with tourist operators andmembers of the Nyika Trans Frontier Conservation Committee at Chilinda in the Nyika NationalPark. On December 9, a meeting was held with the DC and the DEC for Chitipa. An assessmentof the existing environment around Chitipa Boma was done and public consultations were held withselected public individuals and staff of Kafora Sunflower Oil Factory. On December 10, theconsultant traveled to Nthalire via Chisenga and Wenya conducting consultations with selectedVDCs along the Chitipa-Nthalire-Nyika-Rumphi Road. The consultant met with members of Wenyaand Nthalire AECs. The consultant also met with staff of the NGO Compass and Bee-Keepingclubs around Therere, Gamba and Kaperekezye.
* Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-MakokoOn December 5, the consultant met with the DC at Nsanje and conducted an assessment ofexisting environment at and around Nsanje Boma. The consultant had a meeting with the DEC andheld public consultation with individuals and organizations around the Boma. On December 6, ameeting with Malemia AEC was held and public consultations were held at Makoko AEC withselected members of the community. An assessment of the existing environment around the areawas conducted and consultations were held with Chimombo AEC and selected VDCs. OnDecember 7, public consultations were held at Tengani and an assessment of the existingenvironment around the area was carried out. On the same day, consultations were held withTengani AEC and selected VDCs. On December 8 the consultant conduct public consultations at
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Bangula and made an assessment of the existing environment around the area. Meetings were
also held with Mbenje AEC and selected VDCs.
A series of stakeholder consultations were conducted throughout the study period and throughout the
drafting process of the framework. Some of the consultations were round table discussions and/or focus
group discussions with key stakeholders such as senior officials in the Ministry of Economic Planning
and Development, Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, Environmental Affairs Department,
ESCOM, Central Region Water Board, Fisheries Department, Ministry of Trade and Private Sector
Development, Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development, Ministry of Health, Ministry of
Agriculture, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Surveys, Decentralization Secretariat, National Roads
Authority, Ministry of Information and Tourism, District Executive Committees, (DEC) Area Executive
Committees (AEC) and other community groups. The consultation process provided a unique
opportunity to interact and to get the views of key stakeholders and interested and affected parties. A
list of all people who were consulted has been provided in Appendix 7.
1.12.2 QuestionnaireQuestionnaires were discussed with various stakeholders especially members of the District Executive
Committees, members of the Area Executive Committees and other relevant Government Officials.
These questionnaires were discussed during the field surveys of the selected districts and project areas
between November 14 and December 12, 2005. The aim was to obtain stakeholder opinion on the key
potential environmental and social impacts of the project activities within the areas and also to get
additional views on appropriate mitigation measures for the negative impacts.
1.12.3 Literature reviewSome information presented in this framework was obtained through literature review. Examples of this
information include baseline data on rainfall, flora and fauna, socio-economic data, altitude and
hydrology regimes of the area, rainfall figures of the area and the maps used in the report. All the
documents used are duly acknowledged in Appendix 8.
1.13 CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE FRAMEWORK
The information presented in this report is by and large consistent with the data and information
gathered through the various sources and approaches outlined above. However, just as in all studies
of this nature, the exercise experienced a number of constraints and as a result, there could be some
gaps of information in the report as the consultants could not exhaust the collection of primary data.
* The first constraint was that some institutions and people (who are ideally key stakeholders to
the project) understood differently, the purpose of the environmental and social management
framework due to limitations of their formal education and lack of advance awareness of the
exercise. In some cases, the stakeholders had different views and expectations of the project.
In view of this the consultants devoted some considerable time to awareness discussions
(including question and answer sessions) prior to settling down to main issues for
consultations.
* Secondly, the consultant experienced significant difficulties in receiving the responses to the
questionnaires distributed to stakeholders, particularly those from government institutions,
possibly because of the relatively short time for the exercise and due to the stake holder's busy
schedules.
* Thirdly, the consultants could not interview and discuss with all stakeholders such as project
planners, extension workers and districts executive members due to time limitations of the
exercise. As such, while the findings/issues advanced in this report reflect the general views
and feelings of some selected people, they may not cover the specific issues from some unique
situations or some individuals affected by the project.
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Last, but not least, some information in the report was processed from secondary sources ofdata and such data includes maps, land resources information, atmospheric resources data,water resources data, biological resources data, socio-economic data on poverty situation inMalawi and data on the infrastructure services.
1.14 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
This framework is organized in six chapters:Chapter One provides the background information to the proposed ISProject and introduces the fourpriority development sectors of power supply, water and sanitation, telecommunications and roads.The chapter gives a comprehensive description of the proposed project activities in the selected fivedevelopment corridors of Rumphi - Nyika - Chitipa; Ntcheu - Tsangano - Mwanza; Mangochi - CapeMaclear; Zomba - Phalombe - Mulanje; and Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko. The ISP developmentobjectives, the justification, rationale and the proposed project implementation arrangements as well asthe potential users of the ESMF are given. Finally the chapter gives the approach and methodologyused in preparing the ESMF.
Chapter two provides an overview of baseline information of the proposed development corridors.This includes brief descriptions of the topography, water resources, hydrology and the vegetation of thecorridors. Also given in this chapter is the socio-economic setting and the state of environment for eachcorridor.
Chapter three provides the relevant Malawi environmental policies and legislation applicable to theISP. The chapter also gives the relevant World Bank operating safeguards and policies and finallycompares the two to highlight any gaps that exist and to make the appropriate recommendations foraddressing the gap.
Chapter Four describes the environmental and social impacts that are likely to be generated from thedevelopment phases (the planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance and thedecommissioning phases). These environmental and social impacts are those that are perceived bythe various key stakeholders that were consulted. The environmental and social impacts are linked tothe environmental components that they are likely to impact upon and the sources of the impacts arealso described. These include the civil works for the construction of the various project componentsand the various human activities that create strains on the natural resources and social services. Theenvironmental and social impacts are the basis for the development of the environmental managementand monitoring plans given in Chapter 6Chapter Five gives a step-by-step presentation of the screening process for sites for future ISPactivities. The screening process for main environmental and social impacts of the ISP are presentedin distinct steps of: desks appraisal of the project activities and field assessments, the assigning ofappropriate environmental categories, carrying out of the environmental work and the review andapproval of the screening results and recommendations. .The chapter introduces procedures includingchecklists showing how identified future project activities, whose locations are unknown, will addressenvironmental and social issues. The chapter also gives an insight of the public consultation anddisclosure process.
Chapter Six gives the environmental management and monitoring plan which is composed of theidentified environmental and social impacts, the proposed mitigation measures and the responsibleinstitutions for implementing the EMP. The chapter also describes the monitoring plan which containsthe proposed institutions to carry out the monitoring activities, monitoring indicators, monitoringfrequency and the costs for carrying out the monitoring activities. A comprehensive list of monitoringindicators is provided in this chapter.
Chapter Seven summarizes the implementation arrangements for the ESMF, by way of assigningtasks to the various stakeholders. The chapter details the activities that have to be carried out by the
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Area Executive Committee; the District Administrative Staff at the district level and the various
committees at the national level.
Chapter Eight gives the capacity building and training requirements for the implementation of the
ESMF. The proposed areas of training include: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment,
Environmental Policies, the screening process, identification of impacts and preparation of reports. The
chapter also includes recommendation for training and awareness of social impacts including those
arising from communicable diseases and lack of appropriate hygiene and sanitation.
Chapter Nine gives the recommendations of the study, among them being that effective
implementation of the ISP environmental and social management framework has to be looked at in the
context of other existing environmental problems and those problems that may arise from other future
project activities not related to ISP. The chapter also recommends that successful implementation of
the ESMF will depend, to a large extent, on the involvement of the local communities. Finally the
chapter gives specific recommendations, some of which are creation of awareness, use of the local
community structures to implement the ESMF and the need to assist and support the Local Assemblies
with adequate resources and equipment necessary for implementing the ESMF.
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CHAPTER TWO: BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING
2.1 RUMPHI - NYIKA- CHITIPA CORRIDOR
Topography: The Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa corridor is generally flat (from Rumphi to Luvili -Nkhamanga Plains) and then it undulates up to Hewe Turnoff. From the turnoff passing through NyikaPlateau (Nyika National Park), the topography becomes hilly-mountainous up to Kaperekezi Gate.From Kaperekezi Gate through Nthalire, Wenya up to Chisenga and part of Chendo (Nthalire andChisenga), the topography is generally hilly to undulating. From Chendo to Chitipa, the terrain isgenerally flat. Overall, 80-95% of the Corridor is dominated by hilly topography.Mineral Resources: The Rumphi-Nyika-Corridor is one of the richest places in terms of mineralresources. From North Rukulu River basin (Nyika National Park) to Msisi Forest Reserve lies aprobable reserve of about 155 million tones of coal of which 650,000 tones are proven reserves in theMsisi Forest Reserve. Other mineral resources include 11,000 tones contained uranium deposits alongthe areas bounding North Rukulu River up to Karonga. In addition to the two mineral types, the corridoris rich in gemstones, which are spread throughout the Corridor.Hydrology: Major rivers supplying water to Rumphi, Bolero, the grater Nyika National Park andNthalire originate from Nyika National Park. These rivers include Rumphi, Runyina, Luvili and ChoyotiRivers. Due to the good watershed management (as no one is allowed to cultivate or carry out anyactivity within the Park) these and other rivers are perennial and are generally supplying clean water.The main source of water supply to Wenya is Sekwa River, while the main source of water for ChitipaBoma and the surrounding villages is ground water through boreholes.
Flora: The Corridor is endowed with rich biotic communities that include Brachystegia woodlandcovering almost 95% of the Corridor, Montane grassland, and evergreen forests., only found on theNyika plateau. The Nyika National Park covers a representative sample of vegetation types found inthe Corridor. Examples of some of the indigenous tree species include Acacia nilotica, A. polyacantha,A. nilotica, Faidherbia albida, A. Brachystegia, stipulata, B. manga, B. speciformis, Uapaca kirkiana,Protea, Parinari curatellifolia, Pericopsis angolensis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Pericopis angolensis,Alfzelia quanzensis, Adina microcephalia Khaya nyasica, various species of orchids, Juniperusprocera, etc.
Fauna: The fauna species are mostly restricted to Nyika National Park and Vwaza Marsh WildlifeReserve due to high levels of hunting outside protected areas. Example of wildlife found in Nyika andVwaza Wildlife Reserve include, Elephants, Roan antelope, Sable, Zebra, Lions, Buffalo, Reedbuck,Leopard, Eland, various species of birds and snakes, etc.
Socio-economic Profile: According to the Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping (VAM), 1996;(based on components of poverty, food deficiency and malnutrition), Chitipa is rated as the mostvulnerable district in Malawi. According to the population by age distribution in Chitipa 15% of the totalpopulation of 126,799 are under 10 years; and 3.2% are aged between 65 years and above. Generallyin all age groups females outnumber males. This signifies the importance of involving women in alldevelopment activities. The population density is one of the lowest in Malawi and in 1998 it was 30persons per square kilometer with a population growth rate of 2.3%. Rumphi district has a totalpopulation of 128,360 and has similar social characteristics as Chitipa.
The main economic activities of the Corridor include agriculture and commerce. However, thechallenges of farming are the scarcity of agricultural inputs. This is partly due to the poor road network,which contributes to the isolation of the districts from the sources of agricultural inputs. The majority of
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the people run out of food in the months of November to February. During this time, the people resort
to selling livestock, firewood and traditional beer. Commerce is mainly restricted to Rumphi Boma,
Chitipa Boma and to some extent, Bolero Rural growth Centre, Nthalire Trading Centre and Chisenga.
The main agricultural crops include tobacco (barley and flue cured) maize and groundnuts. Livestock
production is quite prominent particularly at Nthalire and Meru near Chitipa Boma. Currently bee-
keeping is being practiced in Nyika National Park by local communities surrounding the park and has
high potential for growth. The Corridor is rich in mineral resources such as coal, uranium (found in
Nthalire) and gemstone common along the Corridor. Large-scale mining has not yet started due to poor
accessibility and infrastructure in the Corridor. Nyika National Park with its rolling hills, montane
grasslands, evergreen forests and beautiful view points such as Domwe view Point and Lake Kaulime
is a major national tourist attraction.
State of the environment: There is considerable deforestation along the corridor especially outside the
borders of the Nyika National park where many people do not have alternative sources of energy to
wood. On the other hand, the Nyika National Park, being a protected area, provides beautiful scenery
spots like the Domwe and other view, points through the rolling grasslands and hills, Chisanga Falls,
and Nganda Hill. There are evergreen forests such as Juniper Forest and numerous wildlife species
that include the Zebra, Eland, Roan Antelope, Leopard, and Elephants. The Nthalire area, is rich in
mineral resources such as coal, uranium, gemstones, etc which have not yet been exploited.
2.2 NTCHEU - TSANGANO - MWANZA CORRIDOR
Topography & Geology: The topography along the corridor has upland or mountainous landscape that
includes the Kirk Range, along the Malawi-Mozambique border, covering the three districts of Ntcheu,
Neno and Mwanza. The corridor has alluvial soils with the potential for agricultural development.
Lithosols types of soils with moderate structure and acidity and sandy soils or stony ferruginous soils
are prominent.
Hydrology: The corridor is endowed with a variety of natural water resources, which include Lisungwi,
Mwetang'ombe, (currently utilized for small scale hydropower generation at Matandani), Mkulumadzi,
Mpamadzi, Bilira, Lisungwi, Mfundazi, Rivilivi, Kapeni, Likudzi and Mwanza Rivers that are perennial.
The Kirk Range and its respective natural and exotic forests such as Thambani, Tsamba, and Tedzani
form the catchment area for many of these rivers. Although boreholes are the main source of water
within the corridor, the rivers are used to meet many of the domestic water requirements including
livestock watering.
Vegetation: The main tree species found in the forest reserves are Brachystegia species and
Pericopsis angolensis among others.
Socio-economic Profile: According to the 1998 National Population and Housing Census, Ntcheu
District has a population of 370,988 with an average population density of 108 persons per square
kilometer. 53% percent of the population is female and 45% of the population is under 15 years of age.
This signifies a high dependence burden on the population. Mwanza District has a total population of
136, 912 with an annual growth rate of 1.1 percent. The population density for Mwanza District is at 60
persons per square kilometer. 52 percent of the population is female and 45 percent is under the age
of 15 years.
The corridor has a number of economic activities, which include agriculture, commerce and industry,
forest products and mining. Agriculture is the main economic activity that includes the production of
Irish potatoes, fruits such as apples, pears, guavas and tangerines. Beans, cotton, wheat, maize,
tobacco, vegetables and livestock are also prominent products. Commerce and industry activities in
the corridor include, small scale trading in charcoal, Irish potatoes, wheat and vegetables.
Transportation business also contributes to the economy of the corridor. Forestry products include
timber (especially from Dzodzi Mvayi forest) managed by the Department of Forestry. The corridor has
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a wide range of mineral deposits, which include vermiculite, terrazzo, granite, gold, phosphate,limestone, uranium, salt, basal metals and gemstones, which are currently being exploited,commercially by Katsekera's Mineral Exploitation Mine (MINEX).
State of the Environment: Deforestation still stands out as the prominent impact on the environmentdue to lack of alternative energy sources such as solar energy for the communities. This is evidencedby a lot of charcoal sales along the corridor. Most of the trees have been cut down by peoplecultivating on areas that once had a lot of trees. Soil erosion along the corridor is significant due to thebare land exposed by deforestation. Gullies, especially along the rivers such as Lisungwi, are aprominent feature. Sanitation is poor since there are no formal waste management and disposalsystems and no sewerage system in the corridor. Many of the rivers dry up during the dry seasonbecause there are not enough trees and little vegetation along these rivers. Siltation of the river beds isincreasing rapidly.
2.3 MANGOCHI - CAPE MCLEAR CORRIDOR
Topography and Geology: The Mangochi - Cape Maclear corridor lies in the rift valley plain and is flatfrom Mangochi Boma to Monkey-Bay. The land becomes undulating to hilly from Monkey to CapeMaclear, with an altitude is below 600 metres above sea level. The geology of the Corridor comprisesbasement complex paragneisses and chamockitic and quartzo-feldspathic granulites.
Soils: The most predominant soils in the Corridor are the lithosols. These soils are generally shallowand stony occurring mainly in the rift valley scarp.
Hydrology: The major hydrological feature along the corridor is Lake Malawi, which supplies water tomost of the sites along the corridor. The lake is an important and prominent tourist attraction site withholiday resorts and lodges along the shores.
Flora: The Corridor is characterised by savanna woodland. Common species include Acacia nilotica,Acacia nigrescens, Adansonia digitata, Savadora persica (common in termite mounds), Dalbergiamelonoxion (Phingo), etc. The hills around Lake Malawi National Park comprise Brachystegia woodland
Fauna: The southern part of Lake Malawi, which is rich in fish species, forms the major feature of theMangochi-Cape Maclear Corridor. The following fish species are commonly found in Lake Malawi:Alticorpus geoffreyi, Alticorpus macrocleithrum, Anguilla bengalensis labiata, Hemigramimopetesiusbarmardi, Lodotropheus sprengerae, Labeo cylindricus, Labeobarbus litamba, Labeobarbus caeruleus.Of particular importance to Malawi are Cichlidae communities such as the Labetropheuf commonlyknown as 'Mbuna" which are exported as omamental fish and which are also a tourist attraction for theCape Maclear area.
Main Economic Activity: Mangochi District has a total population of 610,239 with 151316 householdsand a population density of 97.3 persons per square kilometer. 52% of the population is female. Over90% of the population in the district is farmers, growing crops and rearing livestock. The main domesticanimals kept by the farmers are cattle, goats, sheep, poultry, ducks, doves, pigs and rabbits. Foodcrops include maize, rice, sweet potatoes, cassava, groundnuts, beans, pigeon peas, cowpeas, Soyabeans, fruits and vegetables. Main cash crops are tobacco, groundnuts and cotton, whose economicpotential is steadily declining due to low producer prices. Fishing is one of the major sources of incomeand livelihood in the corridor.
State of the environment: There is heavy deforestation due to agricultural expansion and cultivationon marginal lands including steep slopes. Most trees have been cut down for curing tobacco, fuel wood
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and brick curing as well as for building. Ground cover under the escarpment woodlands is very sparse.
The woodlands are mostly in degraded state, with ground cover being almost non-existent, particularly
in the dry season. Bush fires are prevalent in the corridor. Due to these barren grounds, the effects of
soil erosion are very conspicuous. In Namwera, the area that was covered by savanna woodland of
combretum, Acacia and Bauhinia has been entirely cleared for tobacco cultivation. This is the area
where there is clear evidence of women walking long distances to fetch firewood. Siltation is severe
due to cottage development and cultivation along the lakeshore and riverbanks. This is aggravated by
inappropriate agricultural practices which have resulted in the degradation of aquatic habitat, burying of
fish breeding grounds and shallowing of water levels. Disposal of human excreta in the lake has caused
widespread Schistomiasis (bilharzia). This is negatively impacting on the tourism industry and is a
health hazard to the indigenous population.
2.4 ZOMBA - PHALOMBE - MULANJE CORRIDOR
Topography and Geology: The topography along the corridor varies between undulating to flat. The
diverse topographical characteristics cause climatic diversity. Metamorphic rocks of sedimentary and
igneous origins underline the Corridor. There are different types of minerals and these include
limestone currently being mined commercially in Zomba, phosphate deposits in Thundulu, Mulanje and
bauxite deposits on Mulanje Mountain. Other minerals include heavy mineral sands, which could be
used for glass manufacturing; and gemstones such as amethyst, and tourmaline.
Soils: The soils are mostly cacium-morphic, which are grey to dark brown in colour and are formed
from alluvium. Around Lake Chilwa, hydro-morphic soils dominate.
Hydrology: The corridor is endowed with many rivers that include Phalombe River, in Phalombe;
Likhubula River in Mulanje; and Thondwe and Likangala Rivers in Zomba. In addition to several rivers
of importance, the Corridor has Lake Chilwa into which some of these rivers drain.
Flora: The most common vegetation type is that of Brachystegia (miombo) woodland. However, in
terms of diversity, the corridor has high species diversity particularly on the Mulanje Mountain, Zomba
Mountain, and Michesi Hill; and around the Lake Chilwa Wetlands. Examples of some of the plant
species of importance, found in the Corridor are Widdringtonia appresoides (Mulanje Cedar), Khaya
nyasica (Mbawa), Terminalia sericea (Napini), Pterocapus angolensis, Pericopsis angolensis,
Lonchocarpus capassa, Parina curatellifolia, Dalbergia melanoxylon (Phingo), Albizia quanzensis,
Barkea africana, etc. In addition to the various tree species, the corridor has forest reserves such as
Zomba, Mtchesi and Mulanje Forest Reserves.
Fauna: The corridor has a number of mammal species, remnants of the various species that used to
inhabit the mountain forests in Mount Mulanje, Zomba Plateau and Michesi Hills. The most common
sightings include Klipspringer and hyrax/daise, the yellow sported daise blue monkeys, etc. About 94
bird species are found on Mount Mulanje most of which are considered endemic. The Thyolo Alethe,
which is rare in Malawi, is only found between Mulanje Mountain and Namizimu Forest Reserve.
Fish species found in rivers and Lake Chilwa include Tilapia rendrarill (Chilinguni), Oreachromis
shiranus chilwae (Makumba), Haplochromiscalliptera species (Makwale), Claris gariepinus (Mlamba),
Pareutropius longifilis (Njenjeta-Nchejeta), Gnathonemus catastom (Mphuta), Barbus trimaculatus
(Matemba, etc.
Socio - economic Profile: Zomba District has a total population of 540,428 according to the 1998
Population and Housing Census. The population density is 209 persons per square kilometre. 51% of
the population is female and 42 percent of the population is under the age of 15 years old. Phalombe
district has a population of 231,448 with a population density of 166 persons per square kilometre. 53.1
percent of the population is female and 45 percent is under the age of 15. Mulanje District has a
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population of 428,322 with a population density of 204 persons per square kilometre. 48 percent of thepopulation is under 15 years of age.
The corridor has a lot of economic activities, and potential for more of such type of activities. Theexisting economic activities are listed below:
* Agriculture: There are a lot of Agricultural activities along the corridor, with the main cropsbeing maize, rice, cassava, sweet potatoes, beans, groundnuts, sunflower, cotton, vegetables,tobacco, tea, coffee and pigeon peas. Fruits include bananas, mangoes, avocado pears andwatermelons. Livestock production includes rearing of cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, poultry, ducksand rabbits.
* Tourism: The prominent tourism attraction sites along the corridor include Lake Chilwa, naturalgreen vegetation on Michesi Mountain, North Mulanje Mountain forest reserve, and Fort Listernational monument, Mulanje Mountain, Likhubula falls, and Motels and Lodges.
* Mining: There are mining activities, exploiting heavy mineral sands at Mpyupyu, small-scalequarry at Lake Chilwa Island, minerals such as marble and phosphates at Tundulu. Bauxiteavailability on Mulanje Mountain.
* Fishing: This is also one of the main economic activities along this corridor especially aroundLake Chilwa and Mpoto lagoon. A lot of Matemba fish is found a long the corridor from LakeChilwa.
* Forestry: There is a lot of activity in the forestry industry along the corridor especially onMulanje north, Michesi, and Sombani forests. The activities include logging, and timberharvesting for construction timber and for production of furniture as well as for export toneighboring countries.
* Markets and industry: Most of the People are engaged in marketing and industry, whichinclude both small scale and large scale businesses such as retailing, fish vending, wholesaleshops, bakeries, carpentry and traditional beer brewing.
State of the environment: The corridor, on the South of Zomba, has a 19,018 hectare conservedforest, known as ther Zomba-Malosa Forest Reserve Area. 15418 hectares of this forest reserve arecovered with indigenous trees and 3,000 are planted with pine trees. The Zomba-Malosa Reservemaintains the ecological balance in the Zomba area by checking soil erosion, aiding recharge of groundwater to maintain the water flow in the rivers and maintaining the biodiversity. Of late however, thereserve, especially on the Malosa side has experienced incidences of wanton cutting down of trees forfirewood, timber and charcoal due to increase in population and lack of awareness of forestconservation needs and practices. According to the 1996 survey conducted by the National StatisticsOffice, 84 percent of the households in the district relied on wood as their main source of fuel forcooking. The present loss of tree cover indicates that the state of deforestation has worsened.Initiatives to combat deforestation include the establishment of 3,600 hectares of forest plantation bythe government, 607, hectares by the District Assembly and 1142 hectares of fuel wood plantation bythe local communities.
On the Phalombe-Mulanje side, the corridor is covered with trees and vegetation. The main catchmentareas are the Mulanje and Michesi, These catchment areas have the rivers Likangala, Thondwe,Sunuzi, and Phalombe. Deforestation in parts of the catchment has caused gullies especially along therivers. As a result, the Phalombe area experiences recurrent floods which destroy settlements as wellas crops for the communities. The areas surrounding Lake Chilwa have poor sanitation and as a result,
19
most of the waste is washed down into the lake. The communities do not have reliable toilets since the
soils are generally sandy, posing difficulties to construct pit latrines. Lack of appropriate toilet facilities
results in cholera and bilharzia cases.
2.5 BANGULA -TENGANI-NSANJE- MAKOKO CORRIDOR
Topography: The corridor generally has hills and an extensive number of flood plains that lies along
the Shire valley, with fertile alluvial soils of high potential for agricultural development. A rift valley scarp
characterizes the western part. The average height is 457m above sea level, rising to over 914m at
Malavi hills. Most of this range is deeply dissected and is left for watershed management. The lower
Shire valley is classified as the rift valley floor. It is tilted down slightly from the west to the east. The
average height is 61m above sea level around Nsanje area. Marshes occur along the Shire River.
Ndinde is the major marsh area in the corridor, covering an area of 16 square kilometers. The elephant
Marshes are located above Chiromo Bridge. The fringes of the marshy areas are suitable for growing
rice and Dimba cultivation.
Soils: The most predominant soils are the lithosols. These are shallow and stony, occurring mainly in
the rift valley scarp. Pockets of ferrallitic soils found within this zone are suitable for intensive cultivation
of maize, tobacco, and groundnuts. Alluvial calcimorphic soils and gray brown earths occur around
Elephant and Ndindi Marshes as well as along Shire River. These are intensively cultivated during the
dry season.
Mineral Resources: Other than the mining of blue sulphur and corundum in T. A Makoko, there are no
known viable mineral resources in the district. It is speculated that there are some copper deposits in
some areas of the corridor.
Hydrology: The corridor is blessed with the Shire River as the major source of water for small-scale
irrigation, fishing and other domestic purposes. The Malavi hills and a number of surrounding hills form
the catchment area for many of the rivers including the Shire. The average annual rainfall is 813mm.
There is a steady increase of rainfall following the topographic gradient from Shire to the Western Hills
where the average is 1317mm. The main source of water are groundwater extracted through use of
boreholes.
Flora: The vegetation along the Corridor is mainly savanna grassland. Common tree species include
Acacia species, Sterculia appendiculata S. quicoloba, and Combretum imbebe . One canopy of
woodland of hills and scarps is a particular feature of the rift valley escarpments where thin and stony
soils occur. Brachystegia woodland dominates the hills. Woodland savanna of mixed tree species
occurring within the corridor include Acacia nilotica, A. nigrscenes, Combretum and acacia. Perennially
wet grasslands are found in the wettest area of Elephant and Ndindi marshes. The major components
of this sub-class are Typha australis,Vossia cuspidate,Pennisetum purpurea among others.
Socio-economic Profile: Nsanje District has a total population of 194,929 people with 43,491
households and a population density of 100.4 persons per square meter. 52% of the population is
female. The main economic activities of the Corridor include agriculture and commerce in fish, sweet
potatoes, maize, groundnuts, millet, nuts and cotton. Transport and tourism are other economic
activities that are prominent in the corridor. These economic activities have potential to stimulate
economic growth and development at both local and national level, if production can be supported by
increased investment in both human and infrastructure development.
State of the environment: Soil erosion is vividly evidenced by open gullies in the upland areas where
people are opening up gardens. Over reliance on fuel wood for fish processing is aggravating the
problem of deforestation and preventing the restoration of the natural vegetative cover, thereby
destroying natural habitat for wildlife. Over-fishing is another major environmental problem, especially
in Makoko area where there is a remarkable decrease in fish catch. The Shire River is usually flooded
20
during rainy season and all settlements close to the river are continuously at risk. There is water levelmonitoring, which also serves as an early warning system. However, the performance of this systemneeds to be improved. The construction of the proposed Nsanje Port may increase the rate of soilerosion within the port area, if sound environmental management measures are not put in place.Increasing loss of fertile soil poses a threat to the development of agriculture as the fertile soil is erodeddown to the river, Surface and ground water pollution is of environmental concern due to lack of toiletsand the use of inappropriately designed pit latrines. The area is very flat, requiring elaborate andefficient surface drainage systems.
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CHAPTER THREE: RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK POLICIES
3.1 MALAWI LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO ISP IMPLEMANTATION
A number of legislations, policies and instruments are available to support environmental management
and the environmental impact assessment process in Malawi. The Environmental Management Policy
and the Environment Management Act are the key instruments that cover environmental managementin all the sectors of development. The Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines prescribe the
process, procedures and practices for conducting an EIA and preparing the EIA reports. In addition to
these instruments, there are sector specific policies and legislations that prescribe the conduct for
managing the environment. Summarized below are some of the policies and legislation that are directly
relevant to the implementation of the ISP.
The National Environmental Action Plan
The Government of Malawi signed the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992 and
committed herself to putting in place tools and mechanisms that ensure sustainable utilization of her
resources. One of the outcomes of the Rio Conference was the Agenda 21, an action plan for
sustainable development in the 21St Century. The Agenda 21 required that the Government prepares a
National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP). The NEAP, developed in 1994, provides the frameworkfor integrating environmental protection and management in all country developmentprogrammes, with the view to achieving sustainable socio-economic development.
National Environmental Policy 2004
Based on the findings of the NEAP, a National Environmental Policy (NEP) was developed in 1996, and
revised in 2004. The NEP highlights the areas of priority including efficient utilization and management
of natural resources. It accommodates the private sector, CBOs, NGOs and the community to
participate in the initiation and mobilization of resources, to achieve sustainable environmental
management. It also provides for the involvement of local communities in environmental planning. The
policy empowers the communities to protect, conserve and sustainably utilize the nation's natural
resources. It advocates enhancement of public awareness and promotion of public participation. It
also prescribes cooperation with other governments and relevant international / regional organizations
in the management and protection of the environment. The NEP objectives set a foundation for
addressing a broad range of environmental problems facing Malawi. The overall policy goal of the
NEP is promotion of sustainable social and economic development through the soundmanagement of the environment in Malawi.
Environment Management Act 1996
The Environment Management Act developed in 1996, outlines the EIA process to be followed in
Malawi and requires that all project developers in both the public and private sectors comply with the
process. The act sets out the powers, functions and duties of the Director of Environmental Affairs
(DEA) and Environmental Affairs Department (EAD) in implementing the EIA process. The Act doesnot provide for an environmental and social screening process for those projects whoselocation and extent are not yet known at the inception and planning stage. However the EIAGuidelines prescribe the types and sizes of projects, which should be subject to EIA.
In the Infrastructure Services Project, some of the project activities may fall under the list of prescribed
projects. Hence, EIA studies have to be conducted, before implementation of the project activities.
Since the project locations and the extent of project activities are not exactly known at this time, an
environmental and social management framework is required for environmental and social screening.
22
Malawi Economic Growth Strategy
The Malawi Economic Growth Strategy (MEGS) is focused on stimulating growth by promoting privatesector investment, growth and trade in some high potential sectors such as mining, agro-processingand manufacturing. The MEGS identifies limitations (to economic growth) such as weaktransport, infrastructure, high transport costs, and unreliable and expensive utilities. In light ofthis, the Infrastructure Services Project was formulated to stimulate broad-based economic growth andpublic service delivery in selected districts; and to improve access to reliable infrastructure service aswell as to exploit the productive potential of farm and non-farm enterprises.
Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy
The overall goal of the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy (MPRS) is to achieve sustainable povertyreduction through empowerment of the poor. The MPRS regards the poor as active participants ineconomic development rather than helpless victims of poverty. The MPRS seeks to re-orient tradeand industries to ensure increased contributions of the industries to Growth Domestic Product(GDP). This is one of the objectives of the ISP.
Decentralization Policy
The Decentralization Policy, developed in 1998 devolves administration and political authority to districtlevel, in order to promote popular participation. The Decentralization Policy assigns certainresponsibilities to District Assemblies. One of the key responsibilities is to assist the govemmentin the management and preservation of the environment and natural resources. In light of thisdevolution, the District Assemblies will play a very important role in the implementation of theenvironmental management process and plans for the ISP.
Malawi National Land Policy, 2002
The Malawi National Land Policy is the principal policy that guides land management andadministration in Malawi. The policy introduces major reforms intended for land planning, use,management and tenure. It provides clear definition of land ownership categories (Section 4), andaddresses issues of compensation payment for land (Section 4.6).
The policy has provisions for environmental management, urban management of solid and liquidwastes, protection of sensitive areas, agricultural resource conservation and land use, communityforests and woodland management. Of particular importance to the ISP are the requirements inSection 9.8.1 (b) of the policy, that environmental impact assessment studies shall bemandatory before any major land development project is carried out; and in Section 9.8.1 (c)that development activities in fragile ecosystems such as wetlands, game reserves, forestreserves and critical habitants will only be permitted after the appropriate authority hasconducted an environmental impact assessment study.
National Parks and Wildlife Act (2000)
The Act primarily deals with the protection and sustainable management of wildlife. Of relevance to ISPis Part IV relating to Wildlife Impact Assessment (WIA). This permits any person to request theminister, through the Wildlife Research and Management Board, to have a WIA prepared, where theyhave sufficient reason to believe that any proposed or existing govemment process or activity may havean adverse impact on any wildlife species or the community. Considering that some components ofthe Infrastructure Services Project may be conducted in national parks or wildlife reserves, it isimportant that these provisions are taken into account and that appropriate action is takenaccordingly. For instance, a Wildlife Impact Assessment (WIA) would be required, should major
23
construction activities be carried out in the Nyika National Park, to assess the impacts on natural
habitats, cultural property, forests and people who might lose access to the parks resources.
National Parks and Wildlife Policy (2000)
The goal of the National Parks and Wildlife Policy is to ensure proper conservation and management of
wildlife resources in order to provide for sustainable utilization and equitable access to the resources;
and the sharing of benefits arising from the use of the resources for both present and future
generations. One of the objectives of achieving this goal is to ensure adequate protection of
ecosystems and their biological diversity through promotion and adoption of appropriate land
management practices that adhere to the principle of sustainable development. In the implementationof the ISP, precautions have to be made and measures have to be put in place to ensure
conservation of wildlife resources.
Water Resources Act (1969)
The Water Resources Act (1969) deals with control, conservation, apportionment and use of water
resources of Malawi. Of relevance to the project is Section 16 of the Act which states that it is an
offence for any person to interfere with, alter the flow of, or pollute, or foul any public water.This means that the proposed ISP must take this into account when developing new water supply
facilities or improving the existing ones. ISP must also ensure that waste water from water supply
points does not pollute the environment.
Water Works ActThe Water Works Act No. 17 of 1995 is the basis for the establishment of the Regional Water Boards.
The Act sets out the powers of the Regional Water Boards in their specific water supply areas. The
powers include the power to levy and enforce payment of water rates in accordance with the Act, in the
Board's Water Supply Areas. The Act also empowers the Boards to have control and administration of
all waterworks and all water in such works; and to manage the supply and distribution of such water in
accordance with the Act. Since the Regional Water Boards are participating in the ISP as key
stakeholders, their participation will facilitate proper cooperation and coordination to ensurethat the interests of both the Water Boards and the ISP are met.
Electricity Act
The Electricity Act prescribes the conduct of ESCOM with respect to the installation, operation and
maintenance of electrical infrastructure services. For the ISP, the following should be noted:
* ESCOM has the right to enter any land it may need to survey in the course of its duties, subject
to giving landowners/occupiers 14 days notice. The same period of notification is required if
plants are to be removed.* ESCOM is required by law to give landowners/occupiers a months notice prior to construction
work* ESCOM has to obtain the permission of the occupants of any building under which it wishes to
lay an electricity cable.* ESCOM '... shall make good to the reasonable satisfaction of local or other authority, or the
owner as the case may be of all public/private roads, streets and paths opened or broken by
the Commission, in the course of its operations. The Commission shall also pay fair and
reasonable compensation or rent or both for all losses or damage caused in the execution of
any of its powers in the Act* ESCOM is liable for any damages that may result from work carried out on its behalf
24
* ESCOM is required to notify the relevant Minister .... of any accident of such a kind to havecaused or to have been likely to have caused loss of life or serious personal injury... inconnection with ... transmission lines or other equipment....'.
In the implementation of the ISP, the above obligations by and on behalf of ESCOM (as thecase may be) have to be met.
Forestry Act (1997)
The Forestry Act (1997) deals with the management of indigenous forests on customary and privateland; forest reserves and protected forest areas; woodlots and plantation forests; and it also deals withcrosscuKting issues including law enforcement and fire management.
The Act underlines the need for EIA studies for projects in the forest reserves or forest-protected areas. The Forestry Act gives the Forestry Management Board the responsibility to approveEIA reports for proposed projects within forest reserves and protected forest areas.
Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (1997)
The Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (FCMA) enacted in 1997, identifies issues which mayhave a bearing on the proposed project such as: degradation of spawning grounds by siltation andchanging flow regimes; retention of the unique biodiversity of Lake Malawi and identification of pollutionand monitoring sources. The proposed ISP should take these issues into account to ensure that itdoes not adversely affect fish resources.
3.2 RELEVANT WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES
The proposed Infrastructure Services Project will trigger three of the World Bank's safeguard policies,namely, OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, OP 4.12 Involuntary ReseKtlement and OP 7.50International Waterways. The OP 4.01 is the most relevant and applicable safeguard policy for thisstudy. Both policies are summarized and compared with national legislation in the sub-sections below:
Environmental Assessment (Operational Policy 4.01)
The objective of OP 4.01 is to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound andsustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions andmitigation of their likely environmental impacts. This policy is triggered if a project is likely to havepotential adverse environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence. The construction andrehabilitation of infrastructure under the ISP, is likely to have environmental impacts, which requiremitigation. Therefore, in line with this Operational Policy, this environment and social managementframework for screening of the ISP activities has to be prepared.
Involuntary Resettlement (Operational Policy 4.12)
The objective of OP 4.12 is to avoid or minimize involuntary reseKtlement where feasible, exploring allviable alternative project designs. Furthermore, it intends to assist displaced persons in improving theirformer living standards; it encourages community participation in planning and implementingresettlement and in providing assistance to affected people, regardless of the legality of title of land.This policy is triggered not only if physical relocation occurs, but also by any loss of land resulting in:relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to assets; loss of income sources or means oflivelihood, whether or not the affected people must move to another location. For the ISP, a separateReseKtlement Policy Framework to provide guidelines on land acquisition and reseKtlement has beenprepared.
25
Projects on International Waterways (Operational Policy 7.50)
The objective of OP 7.50 is to ensure that projects that impact on international waterways do not affectthe relations between the Bank and its borrowers and between states (whether they are members ofthe Bank or not). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and goodwill of riparians is essential for theuse and protection of the waterways. Therefore it attaches great importance to riparians' makingappropriate agreements or arrangements for the entire waterway or any part thereof. In cases where
differences remain unresolved between the state proposing the project (beneficiary state) and the other
riparians prior to financing the project, the Bank normally urges the beneficiary state, to offer tonegotiate in good faith with the other reparians, to reach appropriate agreements or arrangements.This policy is triggered if a project affects relations of riparians negatively by the increased use of water
resources or by significantly polluting the water. For the ISP, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has initiated
the notification of the riparians.
A summary of the World Bank's safeguard policies that are relevant to ISP is provided in Appendix 6.
3.3 GAPS BETWEEN WORLD BANK POLICIES AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION
* Environmental Assessment
Both the Malawi environmental legislation and the World Bank OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessmenthave provisions for preparation of environmental impact assessment for projects that are likely to cause
adverse environmental impacts; and preparation of a Resettlement Policy Framework for projects that
may result in relocation of people, loss of livelihood, or loss of assets. For the case of Malawilegislation, there is no provision for environmental screening of projects whose activities and locationsare not known. On the other hand, the Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposedproject to determine the extent and type of environmental assessment. The Bank further classifiesproposed projects into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of
the project, and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The World BankPolicy calls for compensation at replacement value and states that land owners with title, land
owners/users without title (but recognized through traditional means) and those with no land title,including squatters, are eligible for compensation. This ESMF is aimed at providing the process and
procedures for bridging the gap that exists between the Malawi environmental legislation and the World
Bank's Policies for the projects whose activities and locations are not known. However, it isrecommended that the relevant sections of the Malawi environmental legislation be revised toincorporate the screening process for project activities whose location and activities are not known.
* Involuntary Resettlement
While the World Bank policy on involuntary resettlement requires the preparation of a Resettlement PolicyFramework for projects that may result in relocation of people, the Malawi National Land Policy is not very clearon the procedures to be followed for cases requirng resettlement and compensation. As a result, resettlementand compensation issues have to be determined for each project, individually. This has the derogatory effect ofalways putting the displacement persons at a disadvantage. The preparation of the Resettlement PolicyFramework facilitates the brdging of the gap and ensures that the project' affected persons are adequatelycatered for and that their livelihoods are restored or improved in comparison with the original conditions. It istherefore recommended that the Ministry responsible for land matters should develop appropriate policies to befollowed when people have to be resettled and compensated.
International Watervvays
The Malawi Water Resources Policy recognizes Malawi's obligations to the neighbouring riparian states and theinternational community in planning, development and management of shared water resources. While this is so,the Malawi legislation is not very explicit on how cases of increased use and pollution of shared water resources
26
should be handled. The Bank's Policy recognizes the importance of cooperation and goodwill between reparianstates and attaches great importance to riparians' making appropriate agreements and arrangements withrespect to the protection of shared waterways. The Banks Policy goes further to require confirmation that theriparians have entered into agreements or arrangements; or that they have established the institutionalframework for the international waterways concerned. The Bank further requires details of notification includingperiod of reply and the procedures in case there is an objection by one of the riparians to the project affectinginternational waterways.
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CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The typical project activities to be implemented under each of the priorty sectors in the selected 5 projectcorridors are broadly categorized into the:
* Planning and design;Construction and rehabilitation;
* Operation and maintenance and;* Decommissioning and closure phases.
This has been done in order to identify some of the main potential and significant environmental and social
components that would be impacted by the project activities of the nature proposed for the ISP.
Each of the project phases listed above have environmental and social consequences on the differentenvironmental components such as soil, water, air and the society. Table 4.1 below relates the project activities
of the four project phases to the environmental components.
As can be seen from the table, most of the impacts will be felt during the construction and rehabilitation phases
of the project while fewer impacts will be felt during the operation and maintenance phase; and the least number
of impacts will be experienced during the planning and design phase of project implementation.
28
Table 4.1: An Outline of Typical Project Activities and Examples of Potential Impacts of Infrastructure Services Project (Roads, Water Supply and Sanitation,Telecommunication and Elecricit y)
ENVIRONMENTALCOMPONENTS
U) to o0CD 0 U *o - 0
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PLANNING AND DESIGNMobilization of stakeholders XSite Identification X XX X X X X XSurveying of the project site X x -x - X X XX X XProject design X XCONSTRUCTION ANDREHABILITATIONMobilization of resources X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XXLand Clearing Activities X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XDiversion of rvers X X X X XX X X X X X X X X XAcquire construction materials X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X XConstruct power lines X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XConstructroads X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XConstruct telecom lines X X X X X X X X X X X XInstallwaterpipes X X X X X X X X X X X X X XConstruct boreholes/intakes X X X X X X X X _ X X X X X X X X X XRehabilitate infrastructure X X X X X X XXX XX X X X X X X X XDemobilize resources X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XOPERATION & MTCEWater abstraction X X - X X X X = X X X XX X X XWater supply X X X X XProvision of employment _ X X X X X XScheme Management X X X X X X XX X X X
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4.2 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
The Infrastructure services and related project activities will generate environmental and social impactsduring implementation, operation as well as during decommissioning. This is because:
* The civil works for new structures will involve construction on virgin land thereby affecting theforests, animals and other natural resources;
* The rehabilitation works will require demolition of existing infrastructure and will generaterubble and waste that will need to be disposed of properly;
* Both the new civil works and the rehabilitation works may require new land for road by-passesand for construction of temporary structures;
* Civil works for new structures as well as rehabilitation works will affect the communities bothphysically (air and water pollution, nuisance and contamination etc.); and socio-economically(land use, income generation, mobility and community association)
* The water supply services will require additional water abstraction, resulting in changes inground and surface water regimes, both inside and outside the project impact areas;
* Additional use of water resources will result in the increase in waste water generation;* Water supply activities and other civil works may cause water stagnation and sanitation
problems;* The increase in numbers of people within the project location / areas will result in depletion of
natural resources, pollution of public waters and degradation of soils. Consequently, severalenvironmental components will be affected in one way on another by such activities;
* The increase in interaction of different types of people will result in social and health problemscaused by various diseases transmiKted among these people and arising from high pressureon social and health services such as educational and medical services and;
* The unsafe disposal of spent PV bafteries will contribute to soil and water contamination.
During the field investigations and public consultations the stakeholders identified key potential impactsthat are likely to be generated by the project activities. These impacts, predicted for each of thecorridors, are perceived to result from the anticipated project activities. Table 4.2 below contains thepotential impacts to be generated by the ISP, as perceived by the key stakeholders during the publicconsultations.
As it may be noted from the Table, concern for loss of farm land was expressed in the Rumphi-Nyika-Chitipa corridor where it was learnt during the Mzuzu workshop that there were some people in thecorridor, who had not received compensation that was promised to them since 1975, from a roadconstruction project. In the other corridors, particularly the Ntcheu-Mwanza-Tsangano and the Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko, the people felt that the public consultations were delaying the implementation ofthe project which they were very anxious about and which they expected to start immediately. Issues ofloss of property and compensation to them were therefore secondary in nature.
The impacts perceived by the stakeholders, together with the consultant's professional experience andjudgment, have been used to develop the generic environmental management plan given in Table 6.1
In addition to identifying the environmental and social impacts, the stakeholders expressed their viewsin general, about the project as indicated below:
* The Infrastructure Services Project will play a very important role in the process of uplifting thepeople's livelihoods. The project is a very welcome idea and it is well overdue. Prolongedstudies by the government were delaying implementation of the project.
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* The selection of the development corridors could have been done in a more equitable way tospread development more evenly across the country. Stakeholders noted that the SouthernRegion of Malawi will benefit much more than the three regions, followed by the Northern andCentral Regions respectively.
* In general, those consulted were of the view that positive social and environmental impacts ofthe ISP will be many and that these will greatly outweigh the negative social and environmentalimpacts.
* Some of the institutions consulted indicated the need to incorporate full cost recoverymechanisms into the project operation stage and to fully involve the private sector in theinfrastructure services operation.
* Public awareness campaigns should be carried out for beneficiary communities to sensitise
them on general environmental and social management practices.
* As much as possible the project should encourage the use of environmentally friendly
technologies and the govemment should provide incentive measures to promote the use of
these technologies
* Effective monitoring of environmental and social management plans has to be put in place
* Deliberate efforts should be made to encourage maximum participation of women in all stages
of project planning and design; and implementation
* The project should strive to use existing local community structures in the management and
administration of the ESMF, in order to promote ownership and sustainability of the
environmental management plans.
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Table 4.2 Impacts as perceived by stakeholders and communities in the Projects Impact AreasCORRIDOR POSITIVE IMPACTS SECTOR NEGATIVE IMPACTS SECTORRumphi-Nyika-Chitipa Reduced transport costs R Potential loss of vegetation R
Reduction of traveling time R Loss of farm land REasy access to Market information T Increased soil erosion ROpening up of small agro processing factories R, T, E, W Increased accidents R, EMore people to benefit from improved services T, E, W Population influx leading to dilution of culture R, T, E, WReduction of waterborne diseases W Increased spread of STIs R, T, E, WEstablishment of rural growth centres and towns R, T, E, WOpening up of mines RImproved tourism R, T, E, WReduced deforestation due to availability of electricity (if Eaffordable) as an altemative energy sourceImproved learning facilities due to availability of electricity ECreation of employment opportunities R, T, E, W
Ntcheu-Tsangano- Reduced wear and tear of vehicles R Soil erosion RMwanza
Facilitation of opening up of small industries and metal E Increased promiscuity leading to increased R, T, E, Wfabrication enterprises incidences of HIV/AIDSReduced deforestation due to availability of affordable Eelectricity as an altemative energy sourceEstablishment of milling factories for wheat ECommunication on national issues being discussed through Tphone-in radio programmesAbility to communicate to call for ambulances R, T, E, WComfortable traveling for patients due to improved roads RFast and smart cooking using electricity EFacilitate capture of termites (ngumbi) EOpening up of mines for gemstones at Katsekera, gold, R, Euranium, lead and granite at LisungwiFacilitate communication with potential customers TElevation of social status, in comparison with their neighbors Ein Mozambique, due to availability of electricity
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CORRIDOR POSITIVE IMPACTS SECTOR NEGATIVE IMPACTS SECTORReduction of waterborne diseases WUse of flush toilets WFacilitate entertainment EImproved access to water W
Mangochi-Cape Increased tourism EMaclear
Facilitate fish processing EReduced deforestation due to availability of electricity as an E
1 ~~~~~~~~~altemative energy sourceIncreased operation of maize mills EFacilitate establishment of small scale industries e.g. Cotton EginneryFacilitate pumping of water from the lake for irrigation (SFIP) E, WIncreased access to intemet for tourists TImproved telecommunication TImproved water supply WReduced soil erosion and subsequent siltation due to Eavailability of electricity as an altemative energy source
Bangula-Tengani- Reduced deforestation and resultant soil erosion due to ENsanje-Makoko availability of electricity as an altemative energy source
Promote transport business RReduction of traveling time to and fro Blantyre RPromote production and marketing of agricultural produce R, T, E, Wsuch as sweet potatoes, maize, rice and fishIncreased opening up of telephone bureaus TEasy communication with potential customers TAttract pensioners, who have acquired electrical equipment, Eto go and settle in the areaIncreased and reliable power supply EImproved water bome sanitation resulting in reduced water Wbome diseasesImproved transportation of perishable produce thereby Rreducing spoilage
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CORRIDOR POSITIVE IMPACTS SECTOR NEGATIVE IMPACTS SECTORBoost mining of coal at Bangula, gemstone at Lulwe and R, Ecopper at MakokoImproved ambulance mobility between remote areas and Rhospitals
Zomba-Phalombe- Boost existing markets and opening of new markets for rice, R Increased robbery due to fast transport RMulanje sunflower
Promotion of tourism to Mulanje Mountain R, T, E, W Increased promiscuity due to a lot of economic R, T, E, Wactivities
Facilitate sell of fresh fish due to fast transportation R Reduced land holdings due to land being used for Rroads
Increased entertainment R Opening of borrow pits RPromotion of educational facilities R Increased deforestation RReduction of water use conflicts W Loss of biodiversity RAvailability of security lights E Increased accidents due to increased traffic RIncreased bus operators due to better roads R Increased incidents of HIV/AIDS R, T, E, WStrengthened relationships due to improved communication T Theft of forest and forest products due to R
improved accessibilityImproved security due to better communication facilities R, T Destruction of existing infrastructure due to road R
constructionImproved health status due to improved water supply W Noise REmployment R, T, E, W Disturbance of families due to possible R
displacementImproved women participation in business (due to possibility Rof day trips convenient for married women) resulting frombetter roads
R - Road construction and operation project activitiesT - Telecommunications construction and operation activitiesE - Electrical facilities construction and operation activitiesW - Water supply construction and operation activities
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CHAPTER FIVE: THE SCREENING PROCESS FOR PROJECT SITES AND ACTIVITIES
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SCREENING PROCESS
Specific details and locations of the project activities, for the Infrastructure Services Project are not knownat this time. Therefore, the environmental and social screening process (the screening process) isnecessary for the review and approval of the engineering plans, for the development of new and therehabilitation of existing facilities of infrastructure. The objectives of the screening process are to:
a) Determine which construction and rehabilitation activities are likely to have potential negativeenvironmental and social impacts;
b) Determine the level of environmental work required i.e. whether an EIA is required or not;
c) Determine appropriate mitigation measures for addressing adverse impacts;
d) Incorporate mitigation measures into the development plans;
e) Indicate the need for a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which would be prepared in line with theResettlement Policy Framework (RPF), prepared for the ISP.
f) Facilitate the review and approval of the construction and rehabilitation proposals; and
g) Provide guidelines for monitoring environmental parameters during the construction, rehabilitation,operation and maintenance of the infrastructure service facilities and related project activities.
The extent of environmental work that might be required, prior to the commencement of construction and
rehabilitation of the ISP facilities, will depend on the outcome of the screening process described below in
sections 5.2 to 5.5 (steps 1-4). A flow chart illustrating the screening process is provided in Appendix 2.
5.2 STEP 1: SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES
Malawi's Guidelines for EIA, 1997 provide for categorization of projects into either List A or List B
depending on the size, nature and perceived environmental consequences of a project. Where it is clear
that project activities fall under List A of the Malawi EIA Guidelines, an EIA shall be carried out. However,where it is not clear that the project activities fall under List A or List B of the Malawi EIA Guidelines, the
following procedure shall apply.
Prior to going to the field, a desk appraisal of the construction and rehabilitation plans, includinginfrastructure designs, will be carried out by the District Environmental Sub-Committee at the district level.
Subsequently, the Area Executive Committee, with assistance from the District Environmental Sub-
Committee (DESC), which includes the Environmental District Officer, will carry out the initial screening in
the field, through the use of the Environmental and Social Screening Form (Appendix 1). This form shouldbe completed by personnel qualified in the implementation of the screening process.
The screening form, when correctly completed, will facilitate the identification of potential environmentaland social impacts, the determination of their significance, the assignment of the appropriate environmentalcategory, the determination of appropriate environmental mitigation measures, and the need to conduct an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and or Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) where required.
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To ensure that the screening form is completed correctly for the various project locations and activities,training will be provided to members of the Area Executive Committee (AEC) and the District ExecutiveCommittee including its DESC as required.
5.3 STEP 2: ASSIGNING THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES
The environmental and social screening form (Appendix 1), when completed, will provide information on theassignment of the appropriate environmental category to a particular activity for construction of newfacilities or rehabilitation of existing structures. The DESC will be responsible for categorizing aconstruction or rehabilitation activity as either "B" or "C" (the ISP has been categorized as "B"; hencecategory "A" activities will not apply). Category "B" projects are those where few of the impacts areirreversible and therefore may need some limited EIA study; and Category "C" may not normally require anEIA.
The assignment of the appropriate environmental category will be based on the provisions of the WorldBank Operational Policy (OP 4.01), on Environmental Assessment. Consistent with this operational policy,most construction and rehabilitation activities under the Infrastructure Services Project (ISP) are likely to becategorized as "B". Some rehabilitation activities such as cleaning of road drainage systems or painting ofwater storage structures might be categorized as "C" if the environmental and social screening resultsindicate that such activities will have no significant environmental and social impacts. Thus, if thescreening form has ONLY "No" entries, the proposed activity will not require further environmental work,and the DESC will recommend approval of this proposal to DEC and implementation can proceedimmediately.
The environmental category "A" (significant, irreversible impacts) will not apply to the construction andrehabilitation activities to be funded for the proposed Infrastructure Services Project. However, members ofthe AEC as well as the DESC will have to pay particular attention to proposals involving the construction ofnew facilities and the provision of infrastructure services such as new roads, new power lines and relatedinfrastructure, new telecommunication transmission lines and the associated infrastructure, new watersupply and sanitation infrastructure and new borrow pits as sources of construction materials.
In the event that Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) will have to be prepared for the ISP activities, thesewould be reviewed and approved by the Commissioner for Lands, consistent with the Resettlement PolicyFramework as well as the World Bank, prior to initiating compensation and commencement of projectactivities.
Members of the DESC will receive appropriate environmental training so that they can perform this functioneffectively. The Environmental District Officer is the secretariat to the DESC and will therefore take aleading role in capacity building issues of the DESC.
5.4 STEP 3: CARRYING OUT ENVIRONMENTAL WORK
After reviewing the information provided in the environmental and social screening form (Annex 1), andhaving determined the appropriate environmental category, the DESC will determine whether (a) theapplication of simple mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental and Social Checklist will suffice; orwhether (b) a comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will need to be carried out, using the
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national EIA guidelines referred to in Appendix 4.
5.4.1 Environmental and Social Checklist:
The Environmental and Social Checklist in Appendix 1 will be completed by qualified members of the AEC
and the DESC. Some of the activities categorized as B (which may not require EIA) might benefit from the
application of mitigation measures outlined in the checklist. In situations where the screening process
identifies the need for land acquisition, a RAP shall be prepared consistent with OP 4.12.
If there are already existing standard designs, the DESC, in consultation with the Project Planning Team
will assess them for impacts on the chosen land site and the community; and modify the designs to include
appropriate mitigation measures. For example, if the environmental screening process identifies loss of
fertile agricultural fields as the main impact from the construction of a water storage reservoir, the mitigation
measure would be for the DESC and members of the planning team to choose a site further away from the
fertile gardens so that the livelihood systems are maintained.
5.4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
The EIA process will identify and assess the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction
activities, evaluate alternatives, as well as design and implement appropriate mitigation, management and
monitoring measures. These measures will be captured in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
which will be prepared as part of the EIA process for each sub-project. A typical Environmental
Management Plan for the ISP works is included in Table 6.1 below.
Preparation of the EIA, the EMP and the RAP will be carried out in consultation with the relevant
stakeholders, including potentially affected persons. The DESC in close consultation with the
Environmental Affairs Department and on behalf of the District Assembly and the Project Management Unit
will arrange for the (i) preparation of EIA terms of reference; (ii) recruitment of a service provider to carry
out the EIA; (iii) public consultations; and (iv) review and approval of the EIA through the national EIA
approval process. The PMU, in close consultation with the DESC will prepare the RAPs, following the
same process as that for the EIA. The Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys will bear overall
responsibility for approving the RAPs
5.5 STEP 4: REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE SCREENING ACTIVITIES
5.5.1 Review
Under the guidance of the DESC, the relevant sector committees at the district level will review (i) the
results and recommendations presented in the environmental and social screening forms; and (ii) the
proposed mitigation measures presented in the environmental and social checklists.
Where an EIA has been carried out for List A or B projects, EAD will review the reports to ensure that all
environmental and social impacts have been identified and that effective mitigation measures have been
proposed.
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5.5.2 Recommendation for Approval/Disapproval
Based on the results of the above review process, and discussions with the relevant stakeholders andpotentially affected persons, the DESC, in case of projects that don't require EIA, will makerecommendations to the District Executive Committee for approval/disapproval of the review results andproposed mitigation measures and EAD, in case of projects that require EIA, will recommend EIA reports tothe National Council for the Environment (NCE) for approval.
5.5.3 Approval/Disapproval
Approval based on the results of the checklist will be done by the District Executive Committee whereasapproval of the results of the EIA will be done by NCE.
5.5.4 Endorsement
Subsequently, the District Executive Committee will forward its recommendations to the District Assemblyfor endorsement while NCE will forward its recommendations to the Minister responsible for Environmentalaffairs for endorsement. The corresponding RAPs would be reviewed and approved by the Ministry ofLands, Physical Planning and Surveys.
5.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE
According to Malawi's Guidelines for EIA (1997), public consultations are an integral component of the EIArequirements, and the guidelines identify the following principal elements:
a. Developers are required to conduct public consultation during the preparation of Project Briefs andElAs.
b. The Director of Environmental Affairs may, on the advice of the Technical Committee onEnvironment (TCE), conduct his or her own public consultation to verify the works of a developer.
c. Formal EIA documents are made available for public review and comments. Documents to whichthe public has access include Project Briefs, EIA terms of reference, draft and final EIA reports,and decisions of the Director of Environmental Affairs regarding project approval. The Director, onthe advice of the TCE, will develop practices and procedures for making these documentsavailable to the public. It is very unusual that an EIA will need to contain proprietary or market-sensitive information (i.e. technological and financial) which a developer would prefer to remainconfidential. Unless public knowledge of such information is crucial to project review, and asprovided under Section 25(5) of the EMA, the Director will comply with requests that suchinformation does not appear in an EIA.
d. Certificates approving projects will be published by the developer and displayed for publicinspection.
Public consultations are critical in preparing an effective proposal for the construction and rehabilitation ofthe project activities. The first step is to hold public consultations with the local communities and all otherinterested/affected parties, during the screening process and in the course of preparing the EIA. Theseconsultations should identify key issues and determine how the concerns of all parties will be addressed inresponse to the terms of reference for the EIA which might be carried out for construction and rehabilitation
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proposals.
Annex G of the Guidelines for EIA (1997) provides details concerning the public consultation methods inMalawi. Such methods include press conferences, information notices, brochures/fliers, interviews,questionnaires and polls, open houses, community meetings, advisory committees, and public hearings.The guidelines for public consultation include, among others, a requirement that major elements of theconsultation program should be timed to coincide with significant planning and decision-making activities inthe project cycle. In terms of Malawi's EIA process, public consultation should be undertaken during (i) the
preparation of the EIA terms of reference; (ii) the carrying out of an EIA; (iii) government review of an EIAreport; and (iv) the preparation of environmental terms and conditions of approval. Further details areprovided in Appendix G of the Malawi's Guidelines for EIA.
In the context of the Infrastructure Services Project, the Government of Malawi will ensure that the relevantstakeholders, including potentially affected persons, will be consulted with regard to the potential impacts ofthe proposed construction and rehabilitation of infrastructure facilities and related project activities.Consultation methods suitable in Infrastructure Services Project would include workshops, communitymeetings, public hearings or information notices which would be organized by the Office of the DistrictCommissioner. Copies of the ESMF for the Infrastructure Services Project would be made available to thepublic through these channels of communication.
To meet the consultation and disclosure requirements of the Bank, the Malawi Government will issue adisclosure letter to inform the World Bank of (i) the Government's approval of the ESMF and the RPF; (ii)the actual disclosure of these documents to all relevant stakeholders and potentially affected persons inMalawi, and (iii) the Government's authorization to the Bank to disclose these documents in its Info shopin Washington D.C. The steps towards disclosure of the safeguard documents have to be completed priorto appraisal of the Infrastructure Services Project as required by the Bank's Disclosure Policy BP 17.50.
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4
CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to ensure that the identified environmentaland social impacts are mitigated, controlled or eliminated through planned activities to be implementedthroughout the project life. The environmental management plan also provides opportunities for theenhancement of positive impacts. The EMP gives details of the mitigation measures to be undertaken forthe impacts; and the responsible institutions to implement the mitigation measures.
It is to be appreciated however, that the implementation of the management plan may be slightly modifiedto suit changes or emergencies that may occur on site at the time of project implementation. The plantherefore should be considered as the main framework that must be followed to ensure that the keypotential negative impacts are kept minimal or under control. In this regard, flexibility should be allowed tooptimize the implementation of the EMP for the best results in environmental management.
For the ESMF, the environmental management plan consists of generic or typical environmental impactsthat are derived from the site investigations, public consultations and professional judgment. This isbecause the specific and detailed impacts cannot be predicted without details for the project design andconstruction activities as well as the specific project locations. The ESMF will however, provide guidance inthe development of more detailed EMP's, once the project design and construction details are known.
An appropriate environmental management and monitoring plan will depend on the scope of identifiedmajor impacts to be addressed in the implementation of the project. Presented in Table 6.1 below is ageneric or typical environmental management and monitoring plan, which would easily fit in theimplementation of the ISP.
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRACTOR
The ISP will have a lot of construction activities in the identified sectors, particularly the roads sector. Thecontractor therefore, should make every effort to ensure that the mitigation measures outlined in theEnvironmental Management Plans, the Resettlement Action Plans and the Abbreviated ResettlementAction Plans are fully implemented as appropriate.
The contractor shall ensure that the acquisition, transportation and storage of construction materials; andthe disposal of construction wastes are done in an environmentally friendly manner. Where necessary, thecontractor shall seek the advice and assistance of the relevant authority and specialists for handling anddisposal of hazardous wastes. Appendix 7 provides environmental guidelines for the contractors to beengaged for the ISP activities.
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TABLE 6.1: TYPICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
1.0 IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION ATIVITIES l
ITEM POTENTIAL PROPOSED CONTROL I MITIGATION RESPONSIBLE MONITORING MONITORING
NO. ENVIRONMENTALI MEASURES AND TIMING INSTITUTION INSTITUTIONIINDICATORS FREQUENCY AND
SOCIAL IMPACT COST
1 1 Nuisance Regulate traffic speed and movement Apply Contractor /Consultant MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT Monthly dunng the entire
daily water sprays to suppress dust. AND PUBLIC WORKS perod of constructionEAD K40,0001mth
l__________________ Number of complaints on dust l
1.2 Soil Erosion -Limit number of vehicles and area of ConsultantContractor EAD Monthly durng the entire
construction. AGRICULTURE perod of construction
- Compact loose material Quantities of soil lost K40,000Imth
-Provide storm water drainage Formation of gullies
1.3 Water pollution from loose -Limit number of vehicles and area of Contractor /Consultant WATER DEPT. Monthly during the entire
soil construction. EAD period of construction
- Compaction of loose material-Diversion of storm water flows from Water quality (turbidity) K40,000Imth
construction sites1.4 Water pollution from oil -Proper and regular maintenance of vehicles Contractor /Consultant WATER DEPT. Monthly during the entire
-Construction of oil interceptor for workshop EAD period of construction
discharges Costs covered under-Construction of bund walls around fuel/oil Water quality (Oil content) 1.3
storage tanks
1.5 Contamination from -Construct proper waste disposal facilities Contractor District Assembly Monthly during the entire
hazardous waste, -Ensure proper operation and maintenance of period of construction
construction waste and waste disposal facilities Water quality (pollution Costs covered under
solid waste parameters such as, BOD, COD, 1.3Coliform etc)
1.6 Siltation and flooding of -Limit number of vehicles and area of Contractor /Consultant WATER DEPT. Monthly during the dry
water bodies construction. EAD season and / or every
- Compaction of loose material two weeks during the
-Diversion of storm water flows from Water quality (Total and rainy season
construction sites suspended solids)Proper design and construction of drainage Costs covered under
channels 1.3
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1.7 Loss of biodiversity -Minimize number of trees cut Contractor /Consultant FORESTRY Monthly during the entire(animals, trees, vegetation, -Limit construction area PARKS & WILDLIFE period of constructionand greenery beauty). -Re-vegetation Number of trees cut K40,000/mth
.I____________________________________ Area of land cleared1.8 Increase in accidents -Regulate traffic speed Contractor/Consultant EAD, ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT Monthly during the entire
-Restrict pedestal movement on sites POLICE perod of construction-Install road signs -Number of accidents-Create prior awareness of danger of -Number of complaints against K50,000/mthconstruction activities potential accidents
1.9 Loss of farm land, other -Follow proper land acquisition procedures Contractor/Consultant AGRICULTURE, EAD ,LANDS Once durng designassets, or impact on -Provide altemative land -Area of land lost to project Every three monthslivelihood -Prepare RAP based on RPF activities durng construction
-Provide compensation -Type and quantity of assets lost K50,000/mth1.10 Population influx leading to -Recruit locals as much as possible Contractor/consultant EDUCATION & CULTURE, EAD Every month durng
dilution of culture, increase -Carry out sensitization campaigns on impacts HEALTH AND POPULATION constructionin theft and reduction of of theft, and dilution of culture etc LOCAL LEADERSfarm land -Provide alternative land for farming Number of immigrants K50,000Imth
1.11 Increase in spread of STI's -Consult with local community and health Contractor NAC Once every month duringworkers to strengthen health awareness EAD construction-Provide HIV/AIDS and health awareness MIN. OFLABOUReducation to all workers on the site HEALTH K50,000/mthDevelop and implement an approprate OS & Number of cases of infectedH policy persons
2.0 IMPACTS FROM OPERATION ATIVITIES
2.1 Vector diseases -Install aprons, drains and soak ways Consultant HEALTH,EAD Every month during the-Use lined drainage canals or pipes to avoid Contractor Number of new cases of infected entire operationwater logging Water users persons-Conduct hygiene education Increase in population of vectors K40,000Imth
2.2 Pollution from Asbestos, -Avoid transformer oil spills through frequent Consultant MBS Every month duringPCB and unsafe disposal and proper maintenance. Contractor EAD operationof spent PV batteres -Use approved materals for construction ESCOM
I_____ MK40,000/mth2.2 Deaths from electrocution -Civic education on the dangers of electricity Contractor EAD, ESCOM Every month during the
Consultant Number of reported near miss entire operationcases.Number of reported deaths K40,000/mth
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2.3 Increase in accidents -Regulate traffic speed Contractor/Consultant EAD, ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT, Monthly dunng the entire
-Restnct pedestal movement on sites POLICE period of construction-Install road signs -Number of accidents-Create prior awareness of danger of -Number of complaints against K50,0001mthconstwuction activities potential accidents
2.4 Increased cases of thefts -Civic Education Community Leaders ESCOM, TELECOMS Every three months
and vandalism on electrcal -Provide security measures Number of reported faults related durng the entire period
and telecommunication -Provide altemative IGA such as private to theft of operation
infrastructure commercial telephone bureaus etc Number of service disruptionsdue to theft K40,0001qtr
2.5 Nuisance -Regulate traffic flow Traffic Dept ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT., EAD Every three months
-Spray dusty roads with water Local Assemblies Number of complaints K40,000igtr
2.6 Diseases, increased crime Public awareness campaigns and civic Local leaders SOCIAL WELFARE Every three months
levels, interference with education Community health HEALTH AND POPULATION
local community structures, EAD K40,0001qtr
loss of social values
2.7 Loss or disruption of -Upgrade local facilities e.g. school, clinics, as -Contractor ROADS DEPT Every three months
important communal part of the ISP social responsibility -ISP participating ISP participating sectorspathways, public services programmes, sectors K40,0001qtr
and utilities -Together with the relevant authoritiesProvide safe crossing points and newpathways I
3.0 IMPACTS FROM DECOMMISSIONING ATIVITIES
3.1 Nuisance -Regulate traffic speed and movement. Apply Contractor/Consultant ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT Monthly during the entire
daily water sprays to suppress dust. EAD period of constructionNumber of complaints on dust K40,0001mth
Disruption of surface water -Maintain clean storm water diversions around Contractor Consultant, EAD Monthly during the first
flow large pits and excavations rainy season after
-Backfill all voids where possible and reinstate decommissioning
water courses around the sites
Decreased employment -Pay terminal benefits where appropriate Contractor / ISP/Local MEP&D Ongoing
levels leading to vandalism -Provide awareness and counseling for Leadersof project facilities retrenchment consequences
-Hold meetings with local communities todiscuss decommissioning and closure issues
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6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Environmental monitoring needs to be carried out during the construction and rehabilitation of theinfrastructure service facilities, as well as during their operation and maintenance. Table 6.1 above givesthe proposed monitoring institutions, monitoring indicators, monitoring frequency and the estimated costsfor implementing the environmental monitoring plan for the ISP.
In some cases, it may be appropriate to draw up an environmental monitoring plan separately from theenvironmental management plan. Where this arrangement is more convenient than the combinedmanagement and monitoring plan, the key elements of the monitoring table will be the same as thoseproposed in Table 6.1 above.
The following monitoring arrangements for the ISP are proposed.
6.2.1 Rehabilitation of Existing Infrastructure and Construction of New Infrastructure and otherProject Activities
It is envisaged that the proposed ISP will construct and rehabilitate several facilities in the proposed projectsites. Therefore, environmental monitoring will take place at the community level in the respective areas.
During the rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure, members of the Village Development Committeesand District Executive Committees will be responsible for the monitoring of:
a) Construction techniques and inclusion of environmental design features as required in thearchitectural plans;
b) Provisions for traffic safety, reduction of noise and dust levels;
c) Construction of on-site waste management, proper storage of construction materials, sanitation,solid waste disposal, waste water disposal and;
d) Implementation of plans for the restoration of the construction sites, once theconstruction/rehabilitation works have been completed. Area Executive Committees shall supportthe village level committees at all stages of the work including monitoring.
To ensure operation and maintenance of the infrastructure facilities in an environmentally friendly manner,the Area Executive Committee within the proposed sites will appoint a monitoring committee.
The Office of the Controller of Lands, in the Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys will beresponsible for monitoring implementation of the RAPs and ARAPs.
6.3 MONITORING INDICATORS
In order to be able to assess the environmental and social effectiveness of the proposed construction andrehabilitation of the infrastructure facilities and their subsequent operation and maintenance, the followingmonitoring indicators are proposed:
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Table 6.2: Some of the key monitoring indicatorsComponent of the Project Some of the Proposed Indicators for Selected Activities
Land acquisition and Resettlement . Hectarage of land acquiredof people from the project site . Type and amount of assets lost
. Number of persons expressing willingness to relocate. Number of persons compensated and relocated.. Number of land use conflicts in course of projects. Number of cultural heritage and sites affected
Construction works/Rehabilitation . Hectarage of land/forest clearanceworks . Area of infrastructure constructed/rehabilitated.
. Number of borrow pits created* Number of pit latrines for excreta disposal for workers. Number of complaints against character and behavior of
construction workers. Number of complaints against quality of construction materials. Number of road by-passes provided* Number of complaints on inconveniences caused by the
construction works (complaints against dust, access, noise,water contamination etc)
. Number of complaints against drainage works
. Number of complaints against power supply disruptions
. Number of complaints against water supply disruptions
. Number of complaints against telecommunication disruptions* Number of cultural heritage and sites affected. Number of people infected with STIls* Number of accidents. Number of cases contravening health and safety procedures. Number of people employed from surrounding community
Number of disposal sitesOperational and maintenance of . Number of complaints against poor workmanship and quality ofprojects construction materials for roads
* Number of conflicts of rights to land and water. Water abstraction permits. Quality of water discharged from the schemes and dams.. Sanitation around water points. Number employment opportunities for locals. Number of pit latrines for excreta disposal for workers. Number people/committees who/which attended HIV/AIDS
awareness, environmental management training. Number of cases contravening health and safety procedures
Decommissioning . Number of sites that are restored to original or better state interms of environmental degradation.
. Value of land after decommissioning of project activities
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CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ESMF
7.1 DEFINITION OF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The successful implementation of the ESMF, the EMP and the monitoring plans will require input, expertiseand resources from all the key stakeholders including the ISP participating institutions. It will also requirethe participation and involvement of the local communities and the local leaders. Therefore these keystakeholders would need to collaborate at all levels, starting from the local (area level), district level andnational level.
Some of the stakeholders will require basic training in environmental and social screening. The relevantareas of training have been proposed in Chapter 8. The present Chapter will outline some of the selectedand recommended activities to be performed by each of the key stakeholders, in order to successfullyimplement the environmental management plan activities and the screening process.
(a) Area and District (Local) level
* The Area Executive Committees will be responsible for completing the environmental and socialscreening form (Annex 1) to be able to identify the potential environmental and social impacts ofthe construction and rehabilitation activities; and to propose their mitigation measures. Thescreening process will be under the supervision of the Environmental District Officer, who will beassisted by the Director of Planning. As required, they will receive environmental training to beable to carry out this task.
. The District Environmental Sub-Committee (DESC) will be responsible for (i) determining theenvironmental category and the extent of the required environmental work, based on the screeningresults. The DESC will also be responsible for determining the need for EIA and for RAP, andproposing mitigation measures for identified impacts.
* The District Environmental Officer and the District Executive Committee will review and check therecommendations in the screening forms, review the proposed mitigation measures, conduct publicconsultations and make appropriate recommendations to the District Assembly for approval.
* Monitoring of the construction to ensure that environmental designs are taken into considerationwill be done by the ISP and EAD.
(c) National level:
* In the event that project activities under ISP fall under List A of Malawi's Prescribed Projects asoutlined in Appendix B of the environmental guidelines, the District Assembly will consult theDirector of Environmental Affairs who will be responsible for reviewing the EIA through theTechnical Committee on the Environment (TCE).
• The Director of Environmental Affairs may arrange for public consultations as part of the EIAprocess, in order to sensitise the communities and to create awareness. The Technical Committeeon the Environment may require to carry out their own site and works assessment before making
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the appropriate recommendations to the National Council for Environment (NCE).
* The NCE will evaluate the recommendations of the TCE and make appropriate recommendationsto the Minister for approval and issuance of the certificate.
7.2 SOURCE OF FUNDING FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
* The resettlement and land acquisition programmes will have to be funded by the ISP through thenormal procedures, for payment of compensation, in consultation with the Ministry of Lands, Housingand Physical Planning. This activity will have to follow the procedures and steps laid out in theResettlement Policy Framework for the ISP, prepared as a separate document
* The proposed environmental training activities for the project will be funded directly by the ISP inaccordance with the capacity building proposal given in Chapter 8 below. Estimated budgetaryrequirements for the proposed training activities are as given in Table 8.1.
* Cost estimates for the rest of the activities in the environmental management plan cannot be given nowsince some of the project sites and activities are not known and may be demand driven. The mainconsultants for the project will therefore, have to cost these activities, together with the other mainproject activities, to ensure that the recommendations made in the environmental management planare implemented.
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CHAPTER EIGHT: CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING FOR ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
8.1 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE ESMF
Successful implementation of the ESMF will require dynamic and multi-disciplinary professionals that havegeneral knowledge in environment management and that have specific skills in the use of the ESMF andthe screening process. Therefore, regular short and tailor-made training courses and seminars will berequired to reinforce the capacity and skills of the key stakeholders and officers, to carry out theenvironmental management activities of the ESMF. In particular, the key stakeholders participating in theISP will require capacity building as follows:
8.1.1 The National Roads Authority
The National Roads Authority has an Environmental Officer who works hand in hand with theEnvironmental Affairs Department on environmental matters. The Environmental Officer facilitates thepreparation of EIA reports for road projects. These EIA reports are submitted to the Environmental AffairsDepartment for review and approval. The Environmental Officer also acts as the internal environmentalinspector for implementation of environmental management plans for the NRA road projects.
At the local Zone Offices, the NRA staff depends on the support of the Environmental Officer, to carry outenvironmental inspections and environmental management work.
For the ISP, the skills of the Environmental Officer and other staff to be involved in the implementation ofthe ESMF, both at the headquarters and at the district level, will need to be enhanced. At the district level,the NRA staff will require capacity building for the ESMF implementation, particularly the screeningprocess.
8.1.2 The Ministry of Water Development
The Ministry of Water Development has the Water Resources Development policy and strategies thatrecognize that water, like any other natural resource, should be developed and managed to satisfy thepresent social and economic needs, without sacrificing the aspiration of the future generations. This policyis useful as a general guide in the development of environmental management projects for waterconservation and water catchment protection. The policy is also important for the development ofstrategies for prevention of water pollution.
For the ISP, the relevant staff, of the Ministry will need training to enhance their skills and their awarenesslevels, to enable them to appreciate the environmental and social problems associated with infrastructuredevelopment. This training will equip staff of the Ministry with the skills to guide policy implementation forthe ISP, with respect to conservation and protection of water resources from pollution.
8.1.3 The Regional Water Boards
The Regional Water Boards have the obligation for sustainable water resources use and management topromote water conservation and water catchment protection. Due to increasing environmental degradation
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and water pollution, it has become imperative for the Boards to ensure that water resources are used in asustainable manner, to avoid costs of developing new water sources, in place of drying up sources such asrivers, streams and boreholes. Hence, the Water Boards have become more environmentally consciousand some of them have recruited Environmental Officers. For the ISP, these officers and those involved inthe ISP project activities, need to be trained in the implementation of the ESMF, specifically the screeningprocess, to ensure sustainability of existing and the proposed water supply projects.
8.1.4 Electricity Supply Commission (ESCOM)
ESCOM has an Environmental Officer who is responsible for the environmental management activities ofthe organization. These activities, among others, include the management of silt problems at their mainhydro electrical generation facility at Nkula Falls in Blantyre and the management of the proliferation of thewater hyacinth in the Shire River, which provides the hydro electric power. Although the EnvironmentalOfficer is very active in environmental management matters, he will benefit from the training in theapplication of the ESMF and the screening process so as to effectively participate in the environmentalmanagement of the ISP.
8.1.5 Ministry of Information and Tourism
This Ministry will be responsible for the procurement of design; and contracting for the telecommunicationscomponent. The Ministry will ensure that negative environmental and social impacts arising from theconstruction of telephone lines and supporting infrastructure are adequately mitigated, by providing thenecessary institutional support to the implementing department. The Ministry will also ensure that theenvironmental concerns are timely addressed by closely liaising with the Environmental Affairs Department.Hence, the ministry will benefit from the proposed environmental training for the ISP.
8.1.6 Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
District staff of the Ministry of Local Government will be the key players in the ISP at the local level. Theywill be responsible for coordination of the project activities with the participating institutions, in liaison withthe PMU. In the implementation of the ESMF and the screening process, the District Administration willplay a leading role through the EDO and the Director of Planning as well as the District Environmental Sub-committee. Members of the District Administration therefore will require thorough training in theimplementation of the ESMF and the environmental screening process.
In addition to the need for capacity building for the sectors directly participating in the ISP, there is need fortraining other stakeholders such as members of the Village Development Committees and members of theArea Executive Committee including the Chiefs and local leaders. Training and seminars will be requiredfor building capacity and awareness in social and environmental issues including water and environmentmanagement, effects of deforestation and HIV/AIDS. Table 8.1 below provides the proposed areas oftraining and the cost estimates for the identified capacity building activities. The basis of the estimates is onthe following:
* Prevailing costs of goods and services offered in typical urban area or rural area.* An average number of 15 people for District Development Committee* An average number of 10 people for an Area Executive Committee.* An average of 10 people from the participating sectors
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. The length of training course will be approximately 5 days
. The estimated costs include training costs and fees, hire of rooms, food for participants, per diems,and transport costs. Training subsistence allowances have been estimated at US$50.00 perparticipant per day while a lump sum of US$10, 000.00 has been included for each training sessionto cover the costs of the trainer including provision of training materials.
It is proposed that initially one training session should be carried out per corridor. The initial training is tobe facilitated by EAD or a private consultant. Subsequent training sessions can be facilitated by themembers of the District Development Committee with the assistance of an official from the EnvironmentalAffairs Department or a private consultant.
Table 8.1: Capacity Building Requirements and Cost Estimates
RE OMMENDED TYPE OF TRAINING TARGET GROUP I MEANS OF VERIFICATION COST ESTIMATES(T INING ACTIVITY) TRAINER
Environmental and Social Impact -District Executive -15 members of DistrictAssessment Committee members Development Committees are US$20,000.00Relevant Environmental Policies and -District Environment Sub- trained. (one session during thelaws in Malawi committees -10 Area Executive Committee entire project period)World Bank safeguard policies -Area Executive Committee members are trained.The Screening Process. members -10 persons from the Venue: One of the districtStrategic action planning for -Workers in project impact participating sectors trained. head quarters for eachEnvironmental Management areas. corridorUse of checklists Length: 5 daysPreparation of terms of reference. TRAINER: EAD AND/ORIdentification of Impacts PRIVATE CONSULTANTIdentification of mitigation measures UNIVERSITY OF MALAWIEIA report preparation and processing OR OTHER TRAINING
INSTITUTION
HIV/AIDS and Project Implementation. -ISP workers in project -15 Members of the District TO link up with and useImpacts of HIV/AIDS on social wellbeing, impact areas Executive Committee are trained NAC resourceslivelihood and projects -10 Area Executive CommiHtee (One session for eachMitigation measures TRAINER: NAC, Members are trained. corridor at the beginning ofCare of the affected PLANNED PROGRAMME -10 Persons from ISP the project activities)Gender and Development ALREADY UNDERWAY participating institutions Venue: District Offices
Length: 5 days
Hygiene and sanitation - ISP workers in project -15 Members of the District US20,000.00 At theWater and sanitation related diseases impact areas Executive Committee are trained beginning of the operationInfrastructure needed on the scheme for - Water facility operators -10 Area Executive Committee phase of the project)sanitation enhancement Members are trained. Venue: The District officesOperation and maintenance of water TRAINER: PRIVATE -10 Persons from ISP Length: 5dayspoint structures for good sanitation CONSULTANT AND/OR participating institutionsWater Management WATER BOARDSWater supplyEconomic water utilizationWater pricingWater rights and sharing
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8.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED TRAINING ACTIVITIES
Training in Environmental and Social Impact AssessmentThe training in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of projects is aimed at imparting the requisiteknowledge and skill to the members of the District Executive Committee, the District Environmental Sub-committees and, ISP participating institutions and workers in project impact areas. This training is for theparticipants to appreciate the EIA process and to be able to carry out the necessary environmental andsocial tasks, particularly the environmental screening, management, monitoring and evaluation processes.These groups of people will need to fully understand the environmental and social implications of theproject activities, so that they may be able to check or to complete the screening forms; or to provide thecorrect information for the EIA process to proceed as required. It is hoped that these groups of people willbe able to replicate the training to other key stakeholders as necessary
HIV/AIDS Awareness TrainingHIV/AIDS is one of the major factors that contribute to morbidity and frequent deaths among the ruralcommunity members and the Malawian productive labour force in general. The key stakeholders have tobe given the necessary awareness to avoid contracting HIV/AIDS and to educate them on how they canassist those that are already affected by it. The participating institutions' personnel should know theimpacts of HIV/AIDS on their social wellbeing, livelihood and on the success of the project.
Water Management TrainingAs a result of the severe environmental degradation in Malawi, water is now a scarce resource and hencethere is need for prudent water management to optimize its availability and use. In many parts of Malawiand in the proposed project impact areas, it has been observed that the streams dry up during the dryweather thereby denying water availability to many users as well as the natural habitat and biodiversity.Training in water management will therefore equip the stakeholders and water facility operators with skillsto ensure that water is effectively utilized and properly managed as a shared commodity.
Hygiene and Sanitation TrainingIn most of the existing water supply schemes that were visited, particularly at the communal water points,there was absence of appropriate sanitation facilities. Hence there were reports of prevalence of water andsanitation related diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and skin diseases. Hygiene and sanitation trainingwill educate the communities to maintain good health and to keep fit by avoiding water borne diseases,through basic sanitation principles and proper operation and maintenance of wastewater disposal channelsand soak ways.
8.3 PROPOSED APPROACH IN EXECUTING THE TRAINING ACTIVITIES
The training activities in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment can be conducted by theEnvironmental Affairs Department (EAD), private consultants or one of the University constituents underthe supervision of EAD. This will have to be done at the beginning of the project, before the projectactivities start, so that the participants are ready in time to apply the knowledge during implementation ofthe project activities. Skills in the screening process will be very useful for assessing the environmentalimplications of the project activities before they start.
The HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns would be conducted by NAC under their planned national activities.
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The Ministry of Economic Planning and Development should collaborate with NAC on programmes thathave already been drawn up. Hence there is no provision for costs in the Table 8.1 above. This trainingactivity should also be conducted at the beginning of the project implementation.
8.4 PROJECT EQUIPMENT FOR STAKEHOLDERS DURING PROJECT PERIOD.
The implementation of environmental mitigation measures for the project activities will require capital andoffice equipment such vehicles, computers, printers, photocopiers and telephones in order enhancemovements and organization of meetings. It is recommended that at least one vehicle and the officeequipment mentioned above should be made available to the district executive members in order to supportimplementation and monitoring of the recommended mitigation measures. Hence the main project budgetshould consider allocating these facilities to the districts in the project corridors.
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CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared in order to guide projectimplementers and other stakeholders to identify and mitigate environmental and social impacts of the ISP.It is recommended therefore that this framework should be used prior to any project activity of the ISP.
In implementing this ESMF it should be noted that there will be different sources of social andenvironmental impacts, arising from existing and new project activities, apart from ISP project activities.Some of these project activities may be implemented outside the area of influence for the ISP.
It is also to be appreciated that the project sites, proposed for the ISP, are dynamic and prone toenvironmental and social impacts that may be generated from activities of other future developmentprojects. These impacts may affect the project locations for the ISP.
It is expected therefore that the other existing and new project activities will have their own environmentaland social management plans. In the same way it is hoped that the Environmental Affairs Department andother relevant line ministries will ensure that human activities that lead to deforestation and otherenvironmental problems are properly managed and monitored.
Successful implementation of this ESMF will depend to a large extent on the involvement and participationof local communities. It is therefore recommended that experts to be involved in the implementation of theproject and the ESMF should, widely consult with the local communities.
The implementers of this ESMF, in consultation with the local communities, should adopt and adapt (whereappropriate) the screening process, checklists and the EMP to suit local conditions.
Specifically it is recommended that:
• Environmental and Social awareness and education for the key stakeholders and affectedcommunities must be an integral part of the ESMF implementation;
* District and local community structures should be adequately trained to implement the screeningprocess, to develop and to implement appropriate Environmental and Social Management andMonitoring Plans;
* This ESMF should be regularly updated to respond to changing local conditions and thereafter itshould go through the national approval process and be sent to World Bank for review andapproval; and it should incorporate lessons learnt from implementing various components of theproject activities;
. The District Assemblies should be assisted to develop appropriate information managementsystems to support the environmental and social management process;
* The District Assemblies should be assisted with the necessary resources and equipment to beable to produce the screening documentation such as checklists and environmental and socialmanagement and monitoring forms;
* The Environmental District Officer should be empowered to adequately administer the ESMF andshould be given the necessary support and resources to ensure effective implementation.
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This ESMF will provide ISP implementers with the screening process that will enable them to identify,assess and mitigate potential negative environmental and social impacts and to ensure proper mitigationand possibly the preparation of a comprehensive EIA and/or RAP where appropriate. Hence the followingsections of the ESMF should be included in the Project Implementation Manual:
. Sections 5.1 to 5.6 of Chapter 5, The Screening Process;
. Sections 6.1 to 6.3 of Chapter 6, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans;
. Section 7.1 of Chapter 7, Implementation Arrangements and;
. Sections 8.1 to 8.6 of Chapter 8, Capacity Building and Training Requirements for the ESMF
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM
Government of the Republic Of MalawiMinistry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM
FOR
SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OFTHE INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES PROJECTS
INTRODUCTION
This Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF1) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of plannedconstruction and rehabilitation activities under the Infrastructure Services Project (ISP). The form will assist theproject implementers and reviewers to identify environmental and social impacts and their mitigation measures, ifany. It will also assist in the determination of requirements for further environmental work (such as EIA), and socialwork (such as RAP) if necessary.
The form helps to determine the characteristics of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment with theaim of assessing the potential impacts of the construction and rehabilitation activities on the environment by the ISP.The ESSF1 will also assist in identifying potential socio-economic impacts that will require mitigation measuresand/or resettlement and compensation.
Before using the Screening form, the evaluator should check whether the project falls under List A ofMalawi's Guidelines for EIA; or whether it falls under Category B of the World Bank Operating Procedures,OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment) and OP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement). If the project falls under ListCategory B, then an EIA or further environmental work e.g. Environmental Management Plan will have tobe prepared and this screening form will not apply.
GUIDELINES FOR SCREENING
The evaluator should undertake the assignment after:1. gaining adequate knowledge of baseline information of the area.2. gaining knowledge of proposed project activities for the area.3. having been briefed/trained in environmental and social screening.
The form is to be completed by consensus of at least three people, knowledgeable of the screening process.
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PART A: GENERAL INFORMATION
Project Name Estimated Cost (MK)
Project Site Funding Agency
Project Objectives Proposed Main Project Activities:
Name of Evaluator Date of Field Appraisal
PART B: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
Provide information on the type and scale of the construction/rehabilitation activity (e.g. area, land required andapproximate size of structures).
Provide information on the construction activities including support/ancillary structures and activities required to buildthem, e.g. need to quarry or excavate borrow materials, water source, access roads etc.
Describe how the construction/rehabilitation activities will be carried out. Include description of support/activities andresources required for the construction/rehabilitation.
PART C: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT SITE
CATEGORY OF BASELINE INFORMATION BRIEF DESCRIPTION
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION* Name of the Area (Distdct, T/A, Village)
* Proposed location of the project (Include a site map of at
least 1:10,000 scale)
LAND RESOURCES* Topography and Geology of the area
* Soils of the area
* Main land uses and economic activities
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CATEGORY OF BASELINE INFORMATION BRIEF DESCRIPTION
WATER RESOURCES* Surface water resources (e.g. rivers, lakes, etc) quantity
and quality
* Ground water resources quantity and quality
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES* Flora (include threatened/endangered/endemic species)
* Fauna (include threatened/endangered/endemic species)
* Sensitive habitats including protected areas e.g. national
parks and forest reserves
CLIMATE* Temperature
* Rainfall
PART D: SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTIONAREAS OF IMPACT IMPACT EVALUATION POTEN IAL
MITIG IONMEAS RES
Is the project site/activity within and/ or will Extent or coverage Significanceit affect the following environmentally (on site, within 3km -5km or (Low, Medium, High)sensitive areas? beyond 5km)
1. No Yes On Within Beyond Low Medium HighSite 3-5 km 5km
1.1 National parks and gamereserve
1.2 Wet-lands1.3 Productive traditional
agricultural /grazing lands1.5 Areas with rare or
endangered flora or fauna1.6 Areas with outstanding
scenery/tourist site1.7 Within steep
slopes/mountains1.8 Dry tropical forest s such
as Brachsystegia species1.9 Along lakes, along
beaches, riverine
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AREAS OF IMPACT IMPACT EVALUATION POTENTIALMITIGATIONMEASURES
Is the project site/activity within and/ or will Extent or coverage Significanceit affect the following environmentally (on site, within 3km -5km or (Low, Medium, High)sensitive areas? beyond 5km)
1. No Yes On Within Beyond Low Medium HighSite 3-5 km 5km
1.10 Near industrial activities1.11 Near human settlements1.12 Near cultural heritage sites1.13 Within prime ground water
recharge area - -1.14 Within prime surface run off
2.0 SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATIONWill the implementation and operatons ofthe project activities within the selected sitegenerate the following extemalities /costs/impacts?
No Yes On Within Beyond Low Medium HighSite 3-5 km 5km
2.1 Deforestation2.2 Soil erosion and siltation2.3 Siltation of watercourses,
dams2.4 Environmental degradation
arising from mining ofconstruction materials
2.5 Damage of wildlife speciesand habitat
2.6 Increased exposure toagro-chemical pollutants
2.7 Hazardous wastes,Asbestos, PCB's, pollutionfrom unspent PV batteries
2.8 Nuisance - smell or noise2.9 Reduced water quality2.10 Increase in costs of water
treatment2.11 Soil contamination2.12 Loss of soil fertility2.13 Salinization or alkalinisation
of soils2.14 Reduced flow and
availability of water2.15 Long term depletion of
water resource2.16 Incidence of flooding2.17 Changes in migration
______ patterns of animals2.18 Introduce alien plants and
animals
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2.19 Increased incidence ofplant and animal diseases
3.0 SCREENING CRITERIAFOR SOCIAL ANDE_ECONOMIC IMPACTSWill the implementation and operation ofthe project activities within the selected sitegenerate the following socio-economiccostsfimpacts?
Nio Yes On WVilhin Beyond Low Medium HighSite 3-5 km 5km
3.1 Loss of land/landacquisition for humansettlement, farming,grazing
3.2 Loss of assets, property-houses ,agriculturalproduce etc
3.3 Loss of livelihood3.4 Require a RAP or ARAP =3.5 Loss of cultural sites,
graveyards, monuments1
3.6 Disruption of social fabric3.7 Interference in marriages
for local people by workers3.8 Spread of STIs and HIV
and AIDS, due to migrantworkers
3.9 Increased incidence ofcommunicable diseases
3.10 Health hazards to workersand communities
3.11 Changes in humansettlement patterns
3.12 Conflicts over use ofnatural resources e.g.water, land, etc
3.13 Conflicts on land ownership3.14 Disruption of important
pathways, roads3.15 Increased population influx3.16 Loss of cultural identity3.17 Loss of income generating
capacity
I NOTE: Sub-projects affecting cultural property negatively will either require specific institutionalarrangements to be followed for funding or will not be funded depending on the location of the project
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OVERALL EVALUATION OF THE SCREENING PROCESS ON THE SITE AND PROJECT ACTIVITY
The result of the screening process would be either: (a) the proposed project would be permitted to proceed on the site or (b) theproposed project would need an EIA. The basis of these options is listed in the table below:
The Proposed Project Activity Can Be Exempted From EIA The Proposed Project Activity Needs Further Complianceand/or RAP Requirements On The Following. With EIA Requirements On The Following Observations.* Screening indicates that the site of the project will not be * Field appraisals indicate that the project site is within
within environmentally-sensitive areas .e.g. protected areas environmentally -sensitive areas, protected areas.• No families will be displaced from the site * Cause adverse socio-economic impacts. Identified impacts are minor, marginal and of little a Significant number of people, families will be displaced from
significance site* Mitigation measures for the identified impacts are well . Some of the predicted impacts will be long term,
understood and practiced in the area complicated, extensive. The stakeholders have adequate practical experiences in . Appropriate mitigation measures for some predicted impacts
natural resource conservation and management. are not well known in the area
Completion by Environmental District Officer Completion by Director of Environmental AffairsIs This Project Likely To Need An YES/ NO Date Received from DistrictEIA Assembly:List A/B Paragraph Numbers Dated Reviewed:Date Exempted Date of Submission of
Project BriefDate Forwarded To DEA Head Date of Submission of EIAOffice ReportsName & Signature of EDO Date of ApprovalRejection
NOTES:
* Once the Environmental and Social Screening Form is completed it is analysed by experts from theDistrict Environmental Sub-Committee who will classify it into the appropdate category based on apredetermined critera and the information provided in the form.
* All projects' proponents exempted from further impact assessment must be informed to proceed withother necessary procedures.
* All projects recommended for further impact assessment will have to follow procedures outlined insection 24 and 25 of the Environmental Management Act, and the Malawi Government's Guidelines forEnvironmental Impact Assessment appendix C, page 32.
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APPENDIX 2 FLOW CHART FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING PROCESS
AEC DESK
Screening oCPro*jecl DISTRICT ASSEMBLYactivities and sites(To be based on checklist Apiprove projectsand screeing form) Ap* Desk apprai5a I of
the construction and ADC, EAD & DEC LANDSrehabilitation plans Cioiltoring:
* Identification or -Construction techniquesEnviroamental and /Inclusion of Env. Design featuressocial inpaets _ etc.
Deternisnation of
| Make reconunendations Lo D.% tcawegcrs C projec s and protectsDESC % ith appmredEIA and RAPsl
Assignment of appropriate environmentatcategory, based on Environmental and Social * Review the recomnuendarions in the wreenmng ormscreening forms and World Bank OP 4.01 * Review the proposed mintgation measures from it reeniiig formis* Proposal ofmitigation measures . Conduci public heanng* Determination of the need for EIA* Determination of the need for RAPs D E C
* Make tvconumndations fbr bmnted EIA and RAP; icaietors B i
- LAD & CON! IsWiC1ro-RoLANDS EP &DLEGEND (Categord Bl1iatedE.A) ED
DEC: District Executive Committee - D) * Preparation of ElAsAEC: AreaExecutiveCommittee *7 i idi apro ElAs(EAD) * Preparation of RAPsDESC: District Environmental Sub- Committee -s-, , - Seek Endorsement of the WB on EIAsEIA: Environmental Impact Assessment -, -: AskjblPae sA NDS) - approved by EADRAP: Resettlement Action Plan | |ppnvR j5APS) * Seek Endorsement of the WB on RAPsRPF: Resettlement Policy Framework -BRef List AofMalawi l uide3iiis ndWcrdEank approved s by LANDSVDC: Village Development Committee OP 4 Oi; . - 4 _ ' 1
63
APPENDIX 3: PROCEDURES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF INFRASTUCTURESERVICES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
According to Malawi's Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (December 1997), there are two sequentialtypes of formal EIA submissions which represent progress reports to meet the requirements of Malawi's EIA process.These are Project Briefs and EIA Reports.
A Project Brief is a short report informing DEA that a prescribed activity is being considered. Its sole purpose is toprovide sufficient information to allow DEA to determine the need for an EIA based on screening criteria outlined inAppendix of the guidelines. Thus, a Project Brief must contain the information needed by DEA to evaluate the reportagainst the screening criteria. Section 24 of the EMA requires that a Project Brief should at least state:
* The nature of the project;* The activities that shall be undertaken;* The possible products and by-products anticipated;* The number of people the project shall employ;* The area of land, air or water that may be affected;* Whether a RAP or ARAP will be required and;* Any other matters as may be prescribed.
More generally, the Project Brief should also contain:
* A basic description of the project purpose, size, location and preliminary design, including any alternativeswhich are being considered (i.e. site, technology, construction and operation procedures, handling ofwaste).
* The stage of the project in the project cycle.* A location map of the project site or site altematives, and a site plan as it is currently known. Maps and
plans should conform to the standards discussed in the section describing the requirements of an EIAreport.
* A discussion of which aspects of the project are likely to cause environmental and social concems, and ofproposed environmental and social management measures.
The General Requirements of an EIA Report include: (i) quality standards; (ii) terms of reference; (iii) identification ofthe EIA team; (iv) discussion of EIA methods; (v) public consultation; and (vi) information and mapping standards.
Typical elements of an EIA report include: (i) an Executive Summary; (ii) an Introduction; (iii) a Project Description;(iv) a discussion of the Environmental Planning and Design; (v) Public consultation; (vi) description of theEnvironmental Setting; (vii) Assessment of Environmental Impacts; (viii) Environmental Management Plan; (ix)Resource Evaluation; (x) Summary and Recommendations; and (xi) Appendices.
For details on the preparation of the above documents, please refer to Appendix C of the Guidelines for
Environmental Impact Assessment (December 1997).In this context, the ESMF not only complements Malawi's procedures for meeting EIA requirements as outlined inAppendix C of the above guidelines, but it also meets the safeguard policy requirements of the World Bank.
64
APPENDIX 4: THE GENERAL EIA PROCESS IN MALAWI (ADAPTED FROM THE EIA GUIDELINES1997, EAD)
PROPOSED PROJECT
SCREENINGIs the proposed project a prescribed activity? Is an EIA
likel) to be mandatory or may be required? Refer toLists A and B of EIA Guidelines (EAD, 1997)
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CMEC WI H 10 |YES | NO % PROJECT EXEMPT TH
*:~o l INo EIA Required PROJECT
PREPARE PROJECT BRIEF
Review of Project Brief by theDirector of Environmental Affairs Department
EIA or RAP Required?
__lWjm: U
* Based on ToRs approved by EAD. 65**The licensing authority should submit to the Director a copy of the license
with attached project brief for record purposes.The Developer may appeal to the Environmental Appeals Tribunal if not satisfiedby the decision.
APPENDIX 5 GENERIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA FOR THE ISP
1. Provide a full description of the nature of the project with respect to the name of the proponent, the postaland physical address, the spatial location of the potential site for the project, the estimated cost of theproject, and size of land for the project site, including water reticulation, waste disposal and access roads.
2. Provide a site-specific map of the area (Scale 1:50,000) showing the proposed project site and existingestablishments in the area and surrounding areas. A site plan for the project should also be provided.
3. Examine the existing conditions of the proposed site identifying and analysing:* Geological and soil conditions of the area;* The scope of vegetative resources of the area;* Existing land uses within the area and within adjacent villages;* Ecologically important or sensitive habitats and resources e.g. water resources, biodiversity elements;
and* Suitability of the site for the proposed development.
4. Describe the major activities to be undertaken for the construction and operation of infrastructure services.This should include the size and type of infrastructure, the type of equipment to be used, the method andduration of construction, nature and quantity of wastes to be generated, the facilities for appropriate disposaland management of waste, number of people to be employed and.
5. State the reasons for selecting the proposed site, the consequences of not undertaking the project at theproposed site and any alternative sites considered.
6. Predict the major short and long-term environmental impacts of the project. Examine both the positive andnegative impacts as well as impacts on the biophysical, social, economic and cultural components of theenvironment. The potential impacts must include those related to:
* project location (e.g. resettlement of people, loss of forest land, loss of agricultural land, impact onflora and fauna);
* construction works (e.g. soil erosion, disposal of construction spoils, drainage and access roads)* project operation (e.g. solid waste disposal, sewage disposal)
7. Prescribe measures to eliminate, reduce or mitigate the negative effects identified and the measures toenhance the positive effects in 6.
8. Propose an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in tabular form by which all of themitigation/enhancement measures prescribed will be carried out, specifying who will be responsible forimplementing these measures and the schedule for implementation, cost of implementing the measures andthe source of funding. An environmental monitoring plan should also be prepared including the indicators tobe used for monitoring the impacts and responsible persons and institutions that will conduct the monitoring.
9. Undertake public consultations to ensure that all interested and affected parties are involved in the EIAprocess and incorporate their views into the EIA. Evidence of consultation should be provided in the report.
10. Provide an account of all statutory and regulatory licenses and approvals obtained for the project to ensurethat they are in line with sound environmental management practices and are in compliance with all relevantexisting legislation. Reference should be made, but not limited to the Environment Management Act andother relevant and other relevant legislation.
66
APPENDIX 6: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARD POLICIES.
Relevant World Bank safeguard policies applicable to the proposed project are shaded.
OPERATING . OBJECTIVE 'RELEVANCE TO ISP.POLICY , : -
OP 4.01 The objective of this policy is to ensure that Bank-financed In order to integrate environmentalEnvironmental projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and considerations into a project, a range ofAssessment that decision-making is improved through appropriate instruments are available as follows:
analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts. Environmental Impact assessment (EIA),This policy is triggered if a project is likely to have potential environmental audit (EA), hazard or risk(adverse) environmental risks and impacts in its area of assessment and Environmentalinfluence Management Plan (EMP). The Borrower
is responsible for carrying out theenvironmental assessment.
Under the ISP, the component$ for roadconstruction; construction of water supplyfacilities, telephone lines and lelectricitylines are likely to generate negativeenvironmental impacts. Hence the needfor the screening process deyeloped inthis ESMF to guide in the p reparationEMPs
OP 4.36 Forests This policy focuses on the management, conservation, and This policy is triggered by acti vities andsustainable development of forest ecosystems and their other Bank sponsored interventions,associated resources. It applies to projects that may/may which have the potential tb impactnot have impacts on (a) health and quality of forests; (b) significantly upon forested areas[affect the rights and welfare of people and their level ofdependence upon or interaction with forests and projects Under ISP, sub-projects thi t mightthat aim to brng about changes in the management, contribute to degradation of cri cal forestprotection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, areas will not be funded.whether they are publicly, privately or communally owned.The Bank does not support the significant conversion ordegradation of critical forest areas or related critical naturalhabitats.
OP 4.11 Cultural This policy aims at assisting in the preservation of cultural This policy is triggered by projeAls which,Property property (sites that have archaeological (prehistoric), prima facie, entail the risk of damaging
paleontological, historical, religious, and unique natural cultural property.values - this includes remains left by previous human Under ISP, sub-projects th3t mightinhabitants (such as shrnes, and battlegrounds) and unique negatively affect cultural property will notenvironmental features such as canyons and waterfalls), as be funded.well as in the protection and enhancement of cultural
L_________________ properties encountered in Bank-financed projects. l
67
OPERATING -. OBJECT]VEi RELEVANCE TO ISPPOLICYOP 4.12 The objective of this policy is to avoid or minimize This policy is triggered not only if physicalInvoluntary involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable relocation occurs, but also by any loss ofResefflement altemative project designs. Furthermore, it intends to assist land resulting in: relocation or loss of
displaced persons in improving their former living standards; shelter; loss of assets or access to assets;it encourages community participation in planning and loss of income sources or means ofimplementing resettlement; and to provide assistance to livelihood, whether or not the affectedaffected people, regardless of the legality of title of land. people must move to another location.
Under ISP, a Resettlement PolicyFramework (RPF), which will guide in thepreparation of Resettlement Action Plans,has been prepared in anticipation that theconstruction of roads, electricity,telephone and water supply transmissionlines and structures might result in landacquisition, resettlement, loss ofassets, or loss of livelihood systems.
OP 4.37 Safety of This policy focuses on new and existing dams. In the case This policy is triggered if the projectDams of new dams, the policy aims at ensuring that experienced involves the construction of a large dam
and competent professionals design and supervise (15 m or higher) or a high hazard dam; if aconstruction; the Borrower adopts and implements dam project is dependent on an existing dam,safety measures for the dam and associated works. In the or a dam under construction. For smallcase of existing dams, the policy ensures that any dam dams, generic dam safety measuresupon which the performance of the project relies is designed by qualified engineers areidentified, a dam safety assessment is carried out, and usually adequate.necessary additional dam safety measures and remedial Under ISP, there will be no sub-projectswork are implemented. The policy also recommends the involving the construction/rehabilitation ofpreparation of a generc dam safety analysis for small dams. dams
Operational Projects on Intemational Waterways may affect the relations The ISP has triggered this policy becausePolicy (OP)IBank between the World Bank and its borrowers, and between of the Shire River in the Bangula-Tengani-Procedure (BP) riparian states. Therefore, the Bank attaches great Nsanje-Makoko Corridor and the Lake7.50: Projects on importance to the riparians making appropriate agreements Malawi in the Rumphi-Nyika-ChitipaInternational or arrangements for the entire waterway, or parts thereof, Corridor, both of which are sharedWaterways and stands ready to assist in this regard. waterways. The Shire River is a shared
water body with Mozambique while LakeIn the absence of such agreements or arrangements, the Malawi is a shared water body withBank normally urges the beneficiary state to offer to Mozambique and Tanzania. This calls fornegotiate in good faith with the other riparians to reach the preparation of a Memorandum ofappropriate agreements or arrangements. The Policy lays Understanding to ensure cooperation anddown detailed procedures for the notification requirement, goodwill of the ripadans on the use andincluding the role of the Bank in affecting the notification, protection of Lake Malawi, and the Shireperiod of reply and the procedures in case there is an River.objection by one of the riparians to the project. Under ISP, the riparian states have been
notified as required by this policy.
68
OPERATING OBJECTIVE RELEVANCE TO ISPIPOLICYOP 4.04: Natural This policy seeks to ensure that World Bank-supported Some of the proposed developmentHabitats infrastructure and other development projects take into corridors have legally protected sites that
account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the will need to be considered if the projectnumerous environmental services and products which activities take place within their proximity.natural habitats provide to human society. The policy strictly Such areas include the Lak~ Malawilimits the circumstances under which any Bank-supported National Park in the Mangochi-Capeproject can damage natural habitats (land and water areas Maclear Corridor, the Nyika National Parkwhere most of the native plant and animal species are still in the Rumphi- Nyika-Chitipa Corridor andpresent). other areas that might be! affectedSpecifically, the policy prohibits Bank support for projects depending on the project location. All thewhich would lead to the significant loss or degradation of project components under the ISP areany Critical Natural Habitats, whose definition includes likely to trigger this policy. Ithose natural habitats which are either: Under ISP, sub-projects thbt might
* legally protected, negatively affect natural and /or critical* officially proposed for protection, or habitats will not be funded.* unprotected but of known high conservation value.
In other (non-critical) natural habitats, Bank supportedprojects can cause significant loss or degradation onlywhen there are no feasible altematives to achieve theprojects substantial overall net benefits; and acceptablemitigation measures, such as compensatory protectedareas, are included within the project.
Operational Projects in disputed areas may affect the relations between Where land disputes may take place onPolicy (OP)/Bank the Bank and its borrowers, and between the claimants to the ISP, this Operational Policy will beProcedure (BP) the disputed area. Therefore, the Bank will only finance triggered. ISP will not fund any sub-7.60: Projects in projects in disputed areas when either there is no objection projects in disputed areasDisputed Areas from the other claimant to the disputed area, or when the
special circumstances of the case support Bank financing,notwithstanding the objection. The policy details thosespecial circumstances.
In such cases, the project documents should include astatement emphasizing that by supporting the project, theBank does not intend to make any judgment on the legal orother status of the territories concemed or to prejudice thefinal determination of the parties' claims.
OPIBP 4.10, The World Bank policy on indigenous peoples, OP/BP 4.10, This operational policy will not apply to theIndigenous Indigenous Peoples, underscores the need for Borrowers ISP.Peoples and Bank staff to identify indigenous peoples, consult with
them, ensure that they participate in, and benefit from Bank-funded operations in a culturally appropriate way - and thatadverse impacts on them are avoided, or where not
L________________ [feasible, minimized or mitigated. I
69
OPERATING -OBJECTIVE RELEVANCE TO ISPPO LICY _-_ _ _-_i_ _i_ _ _ __'_-:_la_ _ _
Operational Rural development and health sector projects have to This policy will not apply to ISPPolicy 4.09: avoid using harmful pesticides. A preferred solution is to usePest Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques andManagement encourage their use in the whole of the sectors concerned.
If pesticides have to be used in crop protection or in the fightagainst vector-bome disease, the Bank-funded projectshould include a Pest Management Plan (PMP), preparedby the borrower, either as a stand-alone document or aspart of an Environmental Assessment.
70
APPENDIX 7: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS
These Environmental Guidelines for Contractors are prepared for all the contractors to be engaged for the ISPconstruction activities. The guidelines include provisions for proper management of construction sites, safe storageof construction materials and safe disposal of wastes including PCB's and asbestos wastes, where applicable.
General Considerations
* The contractor shall, in all his activities ensure maximum protection of the environment and the socio-economicwellbeing of the people affected by the project, whether within or outside the physical boundaries of the projectarea.
* Before any construction works begin, the contractor shall ensure that the relevant environmental and landacquisition certificates of authorization for the works have been obtained from the Director of EnvironmentalAffairs and/or the Commissioner for Lands
* In general the contractor shall familiarize himself with the ESMF and the RPF for the ISP. Specifically, thecontractor shall make every effort to follow and implement the recommendations and mitigation measures of theEMP and the RAPs or ARAPs, to the satisfaction of the ISP and the EAD, or any such persons or agenciesappointed by the ISP or the EAD, to inspect the environmental and social components of the ISP.
* The contractor shall work in cooperation and in coordination with the Project Management Team and/or anyother authority appointed to perform or to ensure that the social and environmental work is performed accordingto the provisions of the ESMF, RPF, RAPS, ARAPs and EMP for the ISP.
* The contractor shall always keep on site and make available to Environmental Inspectors or any authorizedpersons, copies of the EMPs, RAPs and ARAPs for the monitoring and evaluation of environmental and socialimpacts and the level or progress of their mitigation.
Acquisition of Construction MaterialsThe contractor shall ensure that construction materials such as sand, quarry stone, soils or any other constructionmaterials are acquired from approved suppliers and that the production of these materials by the suppliers or thecontractor does not violate the environmental regulations or procedures as determined by the EAD.
Movement and Transportation of Construction MaterialsThe movement and transportation of construction materials to and within the construction sites shall be done in amanner that generates minimum impacts on the environment and on the community, as required by the EMPs andthe RAPs or ARAPs.
Storage of Construction Materials and EquipmentConstruction materials shall be stored in a manner to ensure that:* There is no obstruction of service roads, passages, driveways and footpaths;* Where it is unavoidable to obstruct any of the service paths, the contractor shall provide temporary or alternate
by-passes without inconveniencing the flow of traffic or pedestrians;* There is no obstruction of drainage channels and natural water courses;* There is no contamination of surface water, ground water or the ground;* There is no access by public or unauthorized persons, to materials and equipment storage areas;* There is no access by staff, without appropriate protective clothing, to materials and equipment storage areas;* Access by public or unauthorized persons, to hazardous, corrosive or poisonous substances including asbestos
lagging, sludge, chemicals, solvents, oils or their receptacles such as boxes, drums, sacks and bags isprohibited;
* Access by staff, without the appropriate protective clothing, to hazardous, corrosive or poisonous substancesincluding asbestos lagging, sludge, chemicals, solvents, oils or their receptacles such as boxes, drums, sacks
71
and bags is prohibited.
Safe Disposal of Construction WasteConstruction waste includes but is not limited to combustion products, dust, metals, rubble, timber, water, wastewater and oil. Hence construction waste constitutes solid, liquid and gaseous waste and smoke.
In performing his activities, the contractor shall use the best practical means for preventing emissions of noxious oroffensive substances into the air, land and water. He shall make every effort to render any such emissions (ifunavoidable) inoffensive and harmless to people and the environment. The means to be used for making theemissions harmless or for preventing the emissions shall be in accordance to the RAPs, ARAPs or the EMPs andwith the approval of the relevant Local Authority or the Environmental Affairs Department.
The contractor shall, in particular, comply with the regulations for disposal of construction/demolition wastes, wastewater, combustion products, dust, metals, rubble and timber. Wastewater treatment and discharge will conform tothe applicable regulations by the relevant Local Authority and Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development.Asbestos wastes, PCBs and other hazardous wastes shall be treated and disposed of in conformity with the nationalregulations and where applicable, with the supervision of qualified personnel.
Health and Safety of WorkersThe contractor shall protect the health and safety of workers by providing the necessary and approved protectiveclothing and by instituting procedures and practices that protect the workers from dangerous operations. Thecontractor shall be guided by and shall adhere to the relevant national Labor Regulations for the protection ofworkers.
72
APPENDIX 8: CORRIDOR MAPS
540000 5S0000 580000 800000 820000
Chitipa
o /~~~~~~~~~~~~~r
O~~~~~~~~~~~ )2s-n a
°? t?~~~~~~~~~~~ tris a I e \SPChi s1 rcta Cs
KEY ni=ln 'M Di,strict Headquarters nCi da h
--- International Boundary_
OthRier Road NYIKA NATIONAL PARK
WTa rgeted CorridNor waa
at I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
I r~~~~~~~~oler540 000 5S0 000 580 000 S00 000 620 000
Map 2 Rumphi - Nyika - Chitipa-Corridor
73
* District Headquarters Chi inda~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
650000 e6OOOO 670000 680000 o00000 700000 710000
To Lion V -
o _
CD N
angano
o~~~~
KEY -w
District Headquarters (STownI-- International BoundaryRiver2
-Other Road )-2 ~Targetedl Corridor
Contour line
o2
g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~g&c
2 -
cc Neno.
o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/ / To Blantyre
Mwanz a / ca
660000 660000 670000 680000 600000 700000 710000
Map 3: Ntcheu Tsangano- Mwanza Corridor
74
S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
S
670000 680000 O0,000 700000 710000 72000 730,00 74000 750000 76eo0o
N
8 \ ,Jh'~LA E M Al AIN \ A 8A8\ ~~~~~~~~Capd acra lt PAS 9
i \LAKE I
_ District Headquarters > ,f.
o - In ernat-onal Boundary -- - 1 - \t K Fo DOther Roads uatero
_ Targered CorridorE=Lake _ /- Contour tine V ,
670000 080000 600000 700000 71000 720000 73000 74000 750000 760000
Map 4: Mangochi - Cape Maclear Corridor
75
710000 730000 750000 770000 700000 010000
| , t a b a - ' , . . \ Na
8 -. ,, , a e E CHILWA
\ / .-- 7,1 t
/7A X,, .j/ -/
Blanty,re /i8 ' * / ) Ph a l o Phalomb
/ ,- .N, tj-
KEY1N* District Headquarters
*TownInternational Boundary
_River //-Other Road -. ,
_ Targeted Corrdor -
^ 3Lake Corridor . MulanContour line j , M lnj
710000 730000 750000 770000 790000 010000
Map 5: Zomba - Phalombe - Mulanje Corridor
76
o 880000 700000 720000 740000 700000
° 1 " To Chikwawa\- -
Bangula
S> -''V
8 \ Tengani
KEY 8District Headquarters
* Town-- International Boundary
River- Other Roads nje
o Targeted Corridor8 ~~~~~Contour line l_
\> Makoko E
o8 9
680000 700000 720000 740000 780000
Map 6: Bangula-Tengani-Nsanje-Makoko Corridor
77
APPENDIX: 9: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARATION THE ESMF.
NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OFCONSULTATION
Mr. Christopher Director CURE ( Coordination For The December 6,2005Mwambeni Rehabilitation Of The
Environment)Mr. Mahonga MAREP COORDINATOR - SOUTH Electricity Supply Corporation December 5,2005
Of MalawiMr. Bemard Mchazime Planning and Optimization Engineer CELTEL December 5,2005
Mrs. W. Chalulu Marketing and Communications Telecom Networks Malawi December 6,2005Manager
Mr. L.K Maliko District Forestry Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Committee
Mr. G.M Lipenenga Senior Building Supervisor - District Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Assembly Committee
Mr. E.J. Nathebe District Water Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Committee
Mr. K.W. Chitaya Building Supervisor Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Committee
Mrs. O.M Msamboya District Social Welfare Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005CommiKtee
Mr. C. Mawanga District Roads Supervisor Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Committee
Mr. S. Gondwe District Environmental Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Committee
Mr. P.A Bango Rural Housing officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Committee
Mr. Kosa District Agricultural Development Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Committee
Mr. Kabudula Irrigation Officer Zomba District Executive November 23,2005Committee
Mr. K.V Chongwe District Commissioner Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. C. B Chinkhunda Director Of Public Works Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. W. W. Phiri District Forestry Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. C. Songola District Water Development officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. L. Papaya Treasury Cashier Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. M.B Joshua Police Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005. ____________________ com m itteeMrs. L.M Chikhoza District Community Development Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005
committeeMr. N.S Maluwa District Agricultural Development Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005
committee
78
NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OFCONSULTATION
Mr. S.R Banda District Fisheries Officer Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. 0. Mwalughali Environmental Planner Phalombe District Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. M Jamu District Community Development Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005committee
Mrs. Lincy Mzinza Water Monitoring Assistant Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005committee
Mr. N. Nthala District Forestry Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005committee
Mr. P. Vutula Irrigation Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005committee
Mr. P. Ussi Assistant District Agricultural Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005Development Officer committee
Mr. F. Katungwe Fisheries Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005committee
Mr. A Chamanza Environmental Planner Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005committee
Mr. L Phiphira District Lands Officer Mulanje District Executive November 25,2005committee
Mr. D. Makalani Chairman Ndege Area executive November 22,2005Committee
Mr. T. Chikwenga Vice Chairman Ndege Area executive November 22,2005Committee
Mr. F Susa Secretary Ndege Area executive November 22,2005Committee
Mr. L. Lusaka Treasurer Ndege Area executive November 22,2005Committee
Mrs. Chidyaudzu Chairlady Ndege Area executive November 22,2005Committee
Mrs. Moyokunyenga Vice Treasurer Ndege Area executive November 22,2005Committee
Mrs. Liwangula Vice Secretary Ndege Area executive November 22,2005!___________________ Com m itteeMrs. M. Moropo Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005
CommitteeMr. F. Matiki Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005
CommitteeMr. P. Sasuwaka Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005
CommitteeMrs. Mutiye Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005
CommitteeMr. H. Mbewe Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005
CommitteeMr. S. Gosten Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005
Committee
79
NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OF.__________________ CONSULTATION
Mr. L. Makina Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. P. Likombola Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. B.S Muthware Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. T. Musumere Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. L layelo Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. H Luwembe Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. V. Lazaro Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. H. Kanzimbi Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. D. Muhowa Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. R.F Nansangwe Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mrs. Posiwa Member Phalombe Area executive November 24,2005Committee
Mr. H Muheya Treasurer Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005Mr. G Mina Chairman Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005Constable E Tobias Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005Mr. E. Nthambala Vice Chairman Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005Mr. D Kabudula Member Jali area Executive Committee November 23,2005Mr. J.K Malekana Chairman Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005
committeeMr. Namukhova Member Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005
committeeMr. Sukali Chairman - Development Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005
committeeMr. Ndalama Market Master Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005
committeeMr. B Muloma Member Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005
committeeMr. W Mwala Member Likhubula Area Executive November 26,2005
committeeMr. G. Mangondo Member Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005
committeeMr. L.Y Mukarangeya Member Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005
committeeMr. j Gonani Treasurer African Business Association Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005
committeeMr. I Eliya Secretary Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005
committee
80
a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OFCONSULTATION
Mr. I Samikwa Member Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. E Mbelere Chairman Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. M Kaliya Member Migowi Area Executive November 24,2005committee
Mr. Masemu District Lands Officer - Zomba Zomba District Assembly 23-11-2005Mr. H Pendame Village Headman Mwambo T / A Mwambo 23-11-2005Mr. Banda Fisherman Kachulu 22-11-2005Dyna Dawa Business lady / Farmer Kachulu 22-11-2005Mr. Chibadula Business man Ndege Trading Centre 22-11-2005Mr. H. Mwale Court Messenger T / A Mabuka 25-11-2005Mr. B. Samudeni Businessman Likhubula 26-11-2005Mr. F. Muwawa Businessman Likhubula 26-11-2005Mr. Muyaya Businessman Migowi 23-11-2005Vge Headman Jimu Chief Phalombe 24-11-2005Mr. J. Phiri Farmer and Businessman Phalombe 24-11-2005Mrs. Nansongole Business Lady Phalombe 23-11-2005Mr. T Sitima Business Mulanje - Chitakale 25-11-2005Mr. Gausi DPD Rumphi District Assembly 06-12-2005Jacob Mkandawire District Water Supply Officer District Water Supply 06-12-2005M. A. Banda Rumphi Water Board Officer N.R. Water Board 06-12-2005A. Z. Msowoya Plant Operator N.R. Water Board 06-12-2005K. C. Nkhonde DADO Agriculture 06-12-2005MBC Gondwe Senior Tech. Officer MTL 06-12-2005Themba La Mathematic Senior Chief Chikula Mayembe 07-12-2005Paul Nyirenda Nkhamanga Water Supply Manager Nkhamanga Water Sup. 07-12-2005
CooperativeKinly Chawinga NWSB Member Nkhamanga Water Sup. 07-12-2005
Cooperative
C. M. Manda Division Manager Nyika National Park 07-12-2005T. T. Mhango Senior Parks & Wildlife Officer Nyika National Park 07-12-2005O.G. Mkandawire Wildlife Extension Officer Nyika National Park 07-12-2005Munthali Chairman Nyika Vwaza Association for 08-12-2005
Natural Resources & RuralDevelopment
L. M. Mgala Executive Committee Secretary 08-12-2005Michiel van Hasselt Volunteer Peace Park Foundation 08-12-2005T.A. Nthalire Chief ADC 08-12-2005VH. Mchaya Simbi Village Headman ADC 08-12-2005E. D. Simwaka Chairman Nthalire Rural Water supply 08-12-2005Mrs. R. Mbale Secretary Nthalire Rural Water supply 08-12-2005C.L.K. Chilongo Water Monitoring Assistant Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005Chifuniro Mugala Water Beneficiaries Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005Charles Simwaka Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005Jonathan Msangu Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005
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NAME OF PERSON POSITION ORGANIZATION DATE OFCONSULTATION
Dennis Silwimba Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005Jolex J. Ng'ambi Chairman Chisenga Rural Piped Water 09-12-2005
SupplyD.D. Munthali Executive Committee Member Chisenga Rural Piped Water 09-12-2005
SupplyMrs. Felina Nanyondo Chisenga Rural Piped Water 09-12-2005
SupplyBeauty Nafunkwe Chisenga Rural Piped Water 09-12-2005
SupplyAnna Simbeye Sekwa Piped Water Supply 09-12-2005Charles Mwawembe Director of Administration Chitipa District Assembly 10-12-2005E.W.M.Mkandawire Director of Public Works Chitipa District Assembly 10-12-2005Y. F. Harawa Roads Supervisor Public Works 10-12-2005A. M. Simwaka Water assistant Rural Water Supply 10-12-2005L. Mulenga Engineering Officer MTL 10-12-2005A. 0. Luhana Engineering Assistant MTL 10-12-2005B.J.J. Mhango DADO Agriculture 10-12-2005B.W.K. Munthali Water Scheme Manager N. Region Water Board 11-12-2005Levie Gondwe Customer Service Supervisor World Vision Int. 11-12-2005Clement Kuyokwa Officer-In-Charge ESCOM 11-12-2005P.G. Mkisi Plant Operator Kafora Group Oil Mill 11-12-2005Godwin Muswelu Women Group Representative Kafora Group Oil Mill 09-12-2005Unice Kilembe Accounts Clerk Kafora Group Oil Mill 09-12-2005Mr. Ntekateka Assistant Distribution Engineer ESCOM 09-12-2005Mr. J.P.A. Makwenda Planning Engineer Central Region Water Board 09-12-2005Mr. G. Mwepa Chief Irrigation Officer Ministry of Irrigation and Water 09-12-2005
DevelopmentMr. V. Nkhoma Industrial Development Officer Ministry of Trade and Private 09-12-2005
Sector DevelopmentMr. S. Ligomeka Director Ministry of Local Government 10-12-2005
and Rural DevelopmentMr. H. Njaka Chief Local Government Officer Ministry of Local Government 09-12-2005
and Rural DevelopmentMr. Majankono Commissioner for Lands Ministry of Lands and Physical 09-12-2005
PlanningMr. F. Tukula Commissioner for Physical Planning Ministry of Lands and Physical 12-12-2005
PlanningMr. B. Mbwana Deputy Director Ministry of Health 12-12-2005Mr. Kabati Administrative Secretary Decentralization Secretariat 12-12-2005Mr. A. Banda Project Planning and Evaluation officer Decentralization Secretariat 12-12-2005Mr. Mkandawire Extension Officer Ministry of Agriculture and food 12-12-2005
SecurityMr. B. Chilora Fisheries Officer Fisheries Department 12-12-2005
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APPENDIX 10: REFERENCES
* Government of Malawi (2002) Ministry Of Finance and Economic Planning, Malawi Poverty ReductionStrategy Paper.
* Government of Malawi (2002), Environmental Affairs Department, Environmental ImpactAssessment Guidelines for Irrigation and Drainage Projects.
* Government of Malawi (2002), Ministry Of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys National Land Policy.* Government of Malawi (2000) Profile Of Poverty In Malawi: Poverty Analysis of The Malawi
Integrated Household Survey 1998, National Economic Council.* Govemment of Malawi (2000), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Irrigation Department Annual
Work Plan 2000-2001.* Government of Malawi (1999), National Statistics Office, Zomba, Malawi Population and Housing
Census for 1998.* Government of Malawi (1999), Ministry of Agriculture, National Irrigation Development Policy and
Strategy.* Government of Malawi (1999), Ministry of Water Development. , National Water Resources Policy and
Strategies.* Government of Malawi (1998), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, National Land Use Strategy and
Management.* Government of Malawi (1998), Decentralization Secretarat, Decentralization Policy.* Government of Malawi (1998), Ministry of Local Government, Local Government Act Number 42.* Government of Malawi (1997), Department for Environmental Affairs, Guidelines for Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) In Malawi.* Government of Malawi (1996), Department of Environmental Affairs, Environmental Management Act,
Number 23.* Government of Malawi (1996) Ministry of Research and Environmental Affairs, National Environmental
Policy.* Government of Malawi (1995), the Constitution of Republic Of Malawi.* Govemment of Malawi (1994), Department of Research and Environment Affairs, National
Environmental Action Plan. Volume 1.* Govemment of Malawi (1988), Ministry of Local Govemment, Town and Country Planning Act
Number 26.* Government of Malawi (1995), Ministry of Water Development, Water Works Act, Number 17.* Government of Malawi (1969) Ministry of Water Development, Water Resources Act.* Govemment of Malawi (1965), Ministry of Land, Land Act.
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