public disclosure authorized el 225 - world bank · 2016. 7. 17. · 6 a 004 wellawaya...

Road Sector Assistance Project

El 225 Nittambuwa-Kandy A001

VOL. 4 Contents

Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction 2

Chapter 2 Environmental Impact

2.1 Background 3

2.2 Road Environment 3

2.2.1 Physical environment 3

2.2.2 Ecological environment 5

2.3 Project Related Environmental Issues 6

2.4 Project activities 6

2.5 Applicable regulations 7

2.6 Environmental impacts and Mitigation measures 8

2.7 Environmental Management Plan 11

2.8 Environmental Management Action Plan 12

Chapter 3 Social Aspects

3.1 Collection of data 12

3.2 Assumption made in interpreting data/information 12

3.3 Potential Impacts 13

3.3.1 Beneficial Impacts 13

3.3.2 Negative Impacts 14

3.3.3 Mitigation of Negative Impacts 18Annexure IEnvironmental Management Action Plan (EMAP)(Protection and Preventive measures that have to be followed by the Contractor)Annexure IIEnvironmental Features MapAnnexure IIISocial Impact Management Framework (SIMF)

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Road Sector Assistance ProjectNittambuwa-Kandy AOOI

DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKARoad Development Authority (RDA)

Ministry of Highways

ROAD SECTOR ASSISTANCE PROJECT (RSAP)Social and Environmental Assessment

Chapter 1: Introduction

The RDA has identified a long list of 1,339 km of roads as priority candidates forrehabilitation. Of this 1,339 km, a short list of approximately 650 km has been selectedthrough a screening process under the RSAP Feasibility Study for detailed engineeringdesign for rehabilitation.

The Feasibility Study included the Social and Environmental screening of the 1,339 kmof roads in order:

* to assess the social and environmental impact of the proposed project roads and* to avoid including roads which would incur adverse impacts on environmentally

sensitive areas or involve significant social impacts.

Subsequently, detailed social and environmental Assessments have been carried out incompliance with the Environmental Assessment and Management Framework (EMF) andthe Social Impact Management Framework (SMIF) prepared for the World Bank fundedRoad Sector Assistance project, which were opened for public comments on 7th July 2005and 1st October 2005 respectively. Project specific social and environmentalAssessments have been, carried out for the following road sections for which financing isexpected from the World Bank for rehabilitation work.

Reference No Description1 A008 Ingiriya - Rathnapura2 A001 Nittambuwa - Kandy3 A 017 Galle - Akuressa

A 017 Akuressa - DeniyayaB 098 Hakmana - TalahanduwaB 142 Denagama - Mulatiyana

4 A 009 Galkulama - PunewaA 014 Medawachchiya - NCP boundary

5 A 010 Padeniya - Puttalam6 A 004 Wellawaya - Siyabalanduwa7 A 025 Ampara - Siyabalanduwa

A 031 Ampara - Karathive8 A 016 Haliela - Bandarawela

B 044 Bandarawela - Welimada9 A 011 Maradankadawela - Manampitiya

A 011 Manampitiya - Trikkandimadu

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Road Sector Assistance ProjectNittambuwa-Kandy AOO I

Chapter 2 Environmental Assessment

2.1 Background

The purpose of this report is to assess the environmental impacts of the proposedrehabilitation of the Nittabuwa to Kandy section of the AOO1 Colombo Kandy road,which has been selected for detailed design under this project. This road section is 77 kmlong with most of the section falling within the Kegalle District of SabaragamuwaProvince (about 50%). The balance 50% is approximately equally divided betweenKandy District of the Central Province and Gampaha Distict of the Western Province.

The rehabilitation work under this programme is essentially limited to the rehabilitationand resurfacing of roads, existing drainage, shoulders and other road structures. Roadwidening is not involved in this project, unless it is essential for road safety or similarreasons. Therefore the rehabilitation of roads under this project is unlikely to causesignificant negative environmental impacts.

2.2 Road Environment

2.2.1 Physical environment

RainfallThe entire road section is in the wet zone. The average annual rainfall is between2000mm-2500mm in Colombo and Kegalle Districts and it is just below 2000mm inKandy District. The maximum rainfalls record in April-May and October-Novemberperiods. The two maximum precipitation periods are separated by two periods ofrelatively low rainfall. January and February are the months of lowest average rainfall.The rainfall intensities do not vary widely for the three districts. The 60 minutes 50 yearsintensity for Colombo, Kegalle and Kandy are 165mm/hr, 145mm/hr, and 127mm/hrrespectively.

Hydrology and DrainageThis road section goes through Attanagalu Oya, Maha Oya and Mahaweli River basins.The road crosses the Mahaweli River at Peradeniya. The other waterways crossed by theriver are canals and streams connecting to Attanagalu and Maha Oya. The drainage pathsare towards west for most parts and towards northeast in Kandy area. Flooding is notreported as a problem along the road trace. The paddy lands in the Attanagalu Oya basinact as important retention areas during the rainy season.

GroundwaterThe groundwater in shallow wells is an important source of water up to Warakapola. Thearea beyond Warakapola is hilly. In this area springs are observed at several locationsalong the road mainly in Kadugannawa. The presence of shallow wells in hilly terrainbeyond Warakapola is limited due to geological factors. The shallow wells are presentcommonly in lower areas/paddy lands. In the hilly terrain groundwater is generallyavailable in fractured rocks and obtained through deep wells at some locations.

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Road Sector Assistance ProjectNittambuwa-Kandy AOO 1

Soil and ErosionThe soil types found in the area include Red-Yellow Podzoloic soils in hilly, rolling and

undulating terrains. This soil is generally poor in drainage as a result subjected to

elevated level of erosion due to gully formation. Reddish Brown Lateritic soils andImmature Brown Loams dominate the area beyond Kegalle. This soil has high resistanceto erosion but poor in drainage characteristics. Sites of significant erosion were notobserved in this road section. As a section of this road is through hilly areas attentionshould be paid on erosion and soil stability particularly in areas of steep slopes.

Quarries and MiningRock, sand and earth quarries are not present close to the road trace. However, rock

quarries are present in Gampaha and Kegalle districts in numbers. The sand mining is

virtually ceased to exist in rivers and streams along the road trace except very low level

of mining taking place in Maha Oya. It is learnt that sand for Kandy area is now coming

mainly from Mahiyangana and for Nittabuwa area from Puttalam. However, three earth

mining sites were identified along the road. These locations are given in EnvironmentalFeatures Map and EMAP.

TreesAltogether 318 trees were identified within the 3 metres corridor of both sides of the

road. These trees are valuable as fruit trees or timber value or for aesthetic reasons. In

addition 5 trees of religious importance are present. All these trees may not require

removal for project purpose. However, about 56 trees are placed very close to the road

edge and may need removal. There is a row of Mara trees close to the road in the vicinityof Kandy which should be retained if possible. However, in the event that they are to be

removed on safety grounds, arrangements should be made for their replacement at a

suitable location.

Air, Noise and Water QualityThe water, air quality and noise data available from previous studies have been reviewed.The information available can provide an idea about air, water and noise situation alongthe trace. Air quality seems to be not a major issue except for dust. Noise is above thespecified level in town areas due to traffic. Many noise sensitive sites; schools, religious

places, etc are located along the road. There are 31 noise sensitive sites along the road(closely located). These locations are identified in the EMAP. In addition to thetownships have high residential density and need to consider as noise sensitive sites.

Quality of both surface and ground water is in general satisfactory for conventionaltreatment and bathing purposes. However, some streams going through main towns

(Kegalle, Kandy) are polluted.

Land-useThe land along the road trace is highly urbanized. Commercial development isextensively high in the last 17 km from Kadugannawa to Kandy and in the towns alongthe roads. Congestion due to traffic is high in all urban areas. In the last 17 km the roadfootpaths are almost non-existent. The shoulder width is narrow in most places in this

area. In some towns the commercial establishments are almost at the edge of the road.

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Historical and CulturalFew important historical and cultural places are present along the road. See the EMAPfor location details.

1. Ambalama at Kadugannawa - Situated by the side of the road along famousKaduannawa-Balana rise. This is one of the three remaining historical "travellersrests" in the country. Any blasting work in the vicinity could damage thismonument.

2. Dawson Tower - at Kadugannawa junction- about 2 meters from the road.

3. Road side open area Museum of antique machinery used for road development -by the side of the road at Pilimathalawa near railway crossing.

2.2.2 Ecological Environment

Road section runs mostly through well-developed areas including major and secondarytowns. Thus natural habitats are almost not to be found. The two dominant habitatsidentified in the road trace are paddy fields and home gardens. Aquatic ecosystems arelimited to few streams and rivers that cross the road. An important forest patch is situatedat Kadugannawa -Balana. This area has immense scenic value and many local andforeign travellers stop here for rest. Plantation habitats are also limited. Only a fewsizable rubber and coconut plantations are present between Warakapola to Kegalle.

According to information available from other studies, there are no threatened plants oranimal species in home gardens and other habitats in the area. There are no true marshesalong the road the wetlands being mainly paddy.

FloraThe area is divided into two agro-ecologically zones

1. low country wet zone of elevation below 300m and2. Mid country wet zone elevation above 300m.

Except for about 2km stretch at Kadugannawa-Balana the natural habitat along this roadis completely lost. The paddy lands are increasingly being filled and developed forcommercial purposes. An important location with regard to ecological value is thePeradeniya botanical garden.

The forest cover along the trace is almost negligible except for small forest patch atBalana -Kadugannawa extending about 1 km. Only a few and also small coconut andrubber plantations have been developed along the road providing mono-crop habitatsvirtually without undergrowth. Also there are several small spice gardens betweenKegalle to Mawanella stretch. Flora in the home gardens includes varieties such as Jak,Coconut, "Del", fruit trees, etc. There are also small teagardens mainly as extensions tothe home-gardens. The wetlands consist mainly of rice paddy areas.

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Road Sector Assistance ProjectNittambuw'a-Kandy AOO I

FaunaAs the natural habitat is highly influenced and changed by human activities the faunalspecies found in home gardens, paddy lands and plantations are not unique or rare. Theanimals found in this area are highly mobile species that have already adapted to change

in habitat e.g. from forest to home gardens. Among the animals reported in this road

section are monkey, species of rats and squirrels. Bats are also found in all parts of thissection. Lizards, many species of frogs and snakes are common in the area. Many

varieties of indigenous bird species are also found.

2.3 Project Related Environmental Issues

The key environmental issues observed along this road stretch that are of importance to

this project are related to land-use. Poor land use has contributed to many problemsincluding congestion in towns and destruction of remaining wetlands/paddy lands. Localdrainage problems (apart from flooding due to river over flows) are present in towns dueto lack of drainage facilities and misuse of drains. Congestion at main towns is major

problem due to linear ribbon type development and lack of parking spaces. The

consultations carried out during the filed visits indicate that shop owners and pavementhawkers are not supportive of the road expansion or the construction of by-pass roads.

They mainly consider that people crossing the roads haphazardly as cause for congestion.They further stress the need for over and under-passes for pedestrians to reduce

congestion in towns.

The industrial based water pollution is mainly due to rubber factories found in

Warakapola, Kegalle and Mawanella areas. Disposal of wastewater and sewage to drainsin towns and waterways is reported. However, significant point source of water pollutionwas not identified along the section, except Mada Ela at Peradeniya, Gatambe. This canalin fact discharges polluted drainage of Kandy City to Mahaweli River near the GatambeBridge. Similarly water pollution due to non-point sources is common at all towns along

the road.

Health problems related to poor sanitation facilities and mosquitoes are key issues.Important area of concern is lack of facilities for proper disposal of solid waste.

Household, institutional as well as institutional solid waste disposal has become aproblem through out the road section. As a result populations of disease carrying animalsand insects such as rats and flies have been increased. Solid waste in towns is particularlybecome a nuisance due to odour problems, and aesthetically unsightly dumps of solid

waste along the road which pollute waterways and block drains.

Air and noise pollution is a problem in town mainly due to congestion and the frequentstopping and starting of vehicles. Dust is the most critical element of air pollution and is

the subject of frequent complaints from people living in towns and urban areas.

2.4 Project activities

The project activities that cause the most environmental impact are as follows. of 18

Feb 2006


* Rock, aggregate and earth extraction either directly or from suppliers* Road construction operations* Rehabilitation of road structures (culverts, drains, etc)* Setting up and operation of crusher and asphalt mixing plants* Setting up of Contractors labour camps* Construction machinery repair and servicing depots* Improvements to the road alignment, removing accident black-spots etc. which

may include some widening and removal of trees, etc).

2.5 Applicable regulations

The following regulations relate to Environmental issues:

1. Reduce, mitigate and control environmental impacts due to the project: NationalEnvironment Act (NEA):- Regulations administered by the CEA (CentralEnvironmental Authority) aimed at maintaining the environmental quality of theaffected areas. [This project does not require EIAJIEE submission forapproval as it does not come under the category of prescribed project].

2. Acquisition of land: - Land Acquisition Act; - The purpose of the act isacquisition of private lands for public works. Responsibility - DivisionalSecretary

3. Involuntary Resettlement (if any):- GoSL Involuntary Resettlement Policy andLand Acquisition Act. Responsibility- the Ministry of Lands

4. Disposal of solid waste and spoil:-Municipal, Urban Council, and PradesiyaSabah Ordinances and by laws of respective Local Authorities. The purpose is tomanage the disposal of solid waste in environmentally acceptable manner.Responsibility - relevant LA.

5. Sand mining:-Geological Survey and Mining Bureau (GSMB)Act:- Project maynot set up its own sand mines - All sand mines must have approval from theGeological Survey and Mining Bureau.

6. Rock quarrying:- (GSMB)Act - Project may not set up its own quarries - Allmetal quarries must have approval from the Geological Survey and MiningBureau and environmental clearance from the CEA

7. Restrictions to vehicular traffic during construction - Motor Traffic Act -Disruption to vehicular traffic during construction - Responsibility - Local Police

8. Use of explosive for rock blasting - Storing and using of explosives for rockblasting purposes - Responsibility - Ministry of Defence and Police

9. Air pollution due to construction activities and asphalt plants - EnvironmentalProtection Regulation under National Environment Act - Responsibility - theCEA.

10. Filling of paddy lands (if applicable) - Agrarian Services Act - to preventunauthorized filling of prime paddy lands - Responsibility - the Agrarian ServicesDepartment.

11. National Antiquities Ordinance - Protection of archeologically importantmonuments - Responsible agency Department of Archaeology

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2.6 Environmental impacts and Mitigation measures

The environmental impacts of this project are judged to be minimal. Key project relatedimpacts and mitigation measures are listed below. Details on site specific environmentalsafeguard measures are explained in the EMAP.

1. Removal of trees:- Altogether 318 trees were identified within the 3 metres

corridor of both sides of the road. These trees are valuable as fruit trees or timber

value or for aesthetic reasons. In addition 5 trees of religious importance are

present. All these trees may not require removal for project purpose. However,about 56 trees are placed very close to the road edge and may need removal.These 56 trees along the road trace may need to be removed to improve the

visibility and road safety. These trees have timber values and include Mara andsome other species not identified. Trees along roads are highly desirable and it

was revealed during community consultation that wherever possible, trees shouldbe retained. Therefore it is proposed to include tree planting of appropriatespecies at suitable locations as a component of this rehabilitation work.

2. Blasting to remove boulders/rock outcrops along roadside: - There are 16

boulders and 7 rock patches found on road side. Locations are shown in

environmental features map. Some of these may require removal for road

improvement through blasting. Blasting can cause injury to people and damagethe structures/houses in the vicinity and at these locations can also cause damageto vehicles. Blasting should be controlled to prevent vibration damage tostructures and injury to people. The vehicles and road users should be stopped at a

reasonable distance from the site and people in the vicinity should be informed

when the blasting is carried out. Any debris on the road should be removedpromptly before clearing the road for users. Blasting work should be carried out in

off peak hours but not during the hours of darkness or at other times which may

cause unacceptable disturbance to religious or other ceremonies.

3. Use of sand:- Sand is excessively mined from riverbeds causing seriousenvironmental damage including saltwater intrusion; collapse of riverbanks;deterioration of water quality; damage to hydraulic structures and the stability ofbridge structures. The use of river sand in the proposed rehabilitation projectwould result in an increased demand for sand and would increase the sand prices.

This will have a direct effect on general construction costs in particular housebuilding. To mitigate these impacts wherever possible alternative fine aggregatematerials should be used as an alternative to river sand.

4. Transport of sand:- Sand transport cause heavy damage to minor roads thatprovide access to mining sites. These are mostly gravel roads maintained by LocalAuthorities. Obtain sand from selected suppliers/sites who are willing to maintainthese roads in acceptable condition during the project period. Includerehabilitation of the access roads at the completion as a component of this project.

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Road Sector Assistance ProjectNittambuwa-Kandy A001

5. Operation of rock quarries:- Crushed and uncrushed rock should only be obtainedfrom suppliers and sites where the environmental requirements in relation to theiroperation have been satisfactorily implemented. Quarries where disputes with thecommunity are involved should be avoided. The maintenance and rehabilitationof the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor's operations shouldbe addressed through the project.

6. Aggregate and earth borrow sources:- these materials should only be obtainedfrom suppliers and sites where the environmental requirements in relation to theiroperation have been satisfactorily implemented. Sources where disputes with thecommunity are involved should be avoided. The maintenance and rehabilitationof the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor's operations shouldbe addressed through the project.

7. Labour camps:- The labour camps can be an environmental hazard and a nuisanceif they are not properly sited and hygienically maintained. The labour campsshould not be established close to socially sensitive places such as close toschools, religious placers and environmentally sensitive places such as waterbodies. All labour camps should be provided with proper sanitation, i.e. watersupply and wastewater disposal including sewerage. Solid waste should becollected and regularly disposed of at municipal disposal sites. Sites where labourcamps should not be established are identified in the EMAP.

8. Disposal of spoil:- Inappropriate disposal of spoil can result in environmentalproblems such as siltation of waterways and blocking of drainage paths,deterioration in water quality and unauthorized land-fill of wetlands. In generalthere is a high demand for such material however, care should be exercised toensure it is not used in an unauthorized manner e.g. filling of wetlands. Thecontractor should maintain a stockpile spoil material at one or more suitablelocations for release to those who need the material provided it can be assured it isfor an environmentally acceptable purpose. Otherwise the contractor shoulddispose the spoil at a municipal dumpsite or other suitable site having theapproval of Local Authority.

9. Construction noise:- There are 31 noise sensitive sites along the road (closelylocated). These locations are identified in the EMAP. In addition the townshipshave high residential density and need to consider as noise sensitive sites.Excessive noise is a public nuisance and will interfere with activities of hospitals,schools, religious places and sensitive institutions. All machinery and equipmentshould be well maintained and fitted with noise reduction devices in accordancewith manufacturer's instructions. The operation of noisy machinery andequipment should be avoided during night and during noise sensitive times of theday.

10. Operational (ambient) traffic noise:- Noise level in highways are normally high inbusy towns resulting from the passage of heavy traffic, the frequent stopping and

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starting of vehicles, and constant use of vehicles horn etc. These effects are

unavoidable where ribbon development is the norm however they can bemitigated to some extent by traffic management, alignment improvement e.g.widening, removal of obstructions, adequate signing etc., and the enforcement oftraffic regulations. (Note: baseline noise measurements have not been made in this

study).

11. Construction machinery:- The oil and grease released at service and vehicle repair

and maintenance shops commonly pollute water-bodies. In order to prevent this,

the contractor should ensure that all waste oil, grease etc from vehicle repair and

service depots should be collected and properly disposed of. It is noted that wasteoil has a value in the recycling market. The wastewater from these operationsshould be passed through a sedimentation basin to trap the silt and other

deleterious products.

12. Asphalt plants:- Asphalt plants are major cause of air pollution and it is importantnot to site these units close to residential or other sensitive places. The siting of

asphalt plants requires an Environmental Protection License (EPL), which

imposes environmental conditions for the design and operation of the plant.

13. Construction traffic:- Construction traffic will be required to operate along the

existing highway, increasing the traffic density and causing disruption to normal

vehicles movement in this road. For safety reasons and to minimiseinconvenience to road users it is important adequate traffic control and signing is

implemented where construction is taking place. Formal traffic management plansshould be prepared to the satisfaction of the Engineer and in consultation with the

local police. Trained people only should be used for traffic control operations.

14. Traffic congestion:- This road is a main highway and traffic volume is very high.

Construction work will certainly create significant traffic problems. Accordinglytraffic management just at the location where construction work is going on may

not be adequate to mitigate the problem. It will require other measures such asidentification of diversion roads, providing information to motorist well inadvance to take alternative routes, carrying out work at night etc. This means anoverall plan on traffic management is required before the start of the constructionwork. Contractor must implement these plans through out the construction.

15. Work on hydraulic structures and bridges:- The work involved with thesestructures can pollute water quality during construction activities temporarilyaffecting people using the stream or river for bathing and washing. The contractorshould take appropriate measures, in consultation with the appropriate agency, tominimize water pollution particularly where water supply intakes are within the

influence of the works.

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16. Protection of archaeological monuments: Care should be taken in carrying outconstruction activities not to damage archaeological monuments. Vibration inparticular is major area that needs consideration. The contractor must carry outinvestigation on what measures required to safeguards these monuments inconsultation with the Department of Archaeology and the Engineer and take suchaction prior to stating of the construction work and while the work is going on.

2.7 Environmental Management Plan

Compliance with environmental mitigation recommendations.

Action Implementing Monitoringresponsibility responsibility

Planting of trees - The planting of selectedtrees species at specified locations can be Local Authority RDAentrusted to LAs or to local NGOs with NGOfinancial support from the projectPrecautionary measures for blasting work Contractor Consultant/"Engineer

Alternative materials for sand Design RDA

Prepare a detailed traffic management plan Contractor RDAfor the entire road section beforecommencement of construction work

Selection of suppliers based on compliance Contractor Consultant/"Engineerwith environmental safeguardsProper maintenance of minor roads used Contractor Consultant/"Engineerfor transport of materialFinal rehabilitation of minor roads used for Contractor Consultant/"Engineertransport of materialSiting of labour camps and their Contractor Consultant/"EngineermaintenanceDisposal of spoil Contractor Consultant/"EngineerMeasures on controlling construction noise Contractor Consultant/"EngineerMeasures against controlling operation Design RDA / Policenoise consultantPrevention of pollution from construction Contractor Consultant/"Engineermachinery servicing and repair stationPrevention of pollution from asphalt plants Contractor CEA/LA

Control of traffic during construction Contractor Police/Consultant/"Engineer

Measures on prevention of water qualitydeterioration due to rehabilitation of Contractor Consultant/"Engineerhydraulic structures and bridges I_I_IMeasures to safeguard archaeological Contractor Department ofmonuments Archaeology

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Effect monitoring

Effect Implementing Monitoringresponsibility responsibility

Success of the tree plantation Local Authority/ RDANGO

Adverse situations cause by extraction of RDA CEAsandIIAir pollution due to asphalt plants RDA CEA

2.8 Environmental Management Action Plan

An Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) has been developed for inclusion

in the contract documents for the information and guidance of the Contractor in

complying with the appropriate environmental regulations during his pre-construction,construction and post- construction operations. The EMAP is presented in annexure I.

The last column of the EMAP the "Specific Location of Application" describes the

environmental features, their locations and their extents, relevant to each clause of

EMAP.When environmental features are located a band of 3m from the road pavement edge has

been considered. These environmental features, which are located/marked on a map

which is called "environmental features map" is presented in the annexure II.

Chapter 3 Social Aspects

3.1 Collection of data

Socio-economic data has been collected for the entire length of the project road, in

relation to properties located within ROW and those within the immediate vicinity of the

road, i.e., approximately 50 meters on both sides of the road, that may be affected due to

road improvement. The socio-economic environment data for the area of influence of theroad, obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics was analyzed to provide the

basis of the study.

3.2 Assumption made in interpreting data/information

* The road will not be widened significantly under the proposed project and

therefore, there will not be any significant resettlement of communities livingclose to the road.

* Fences, boundary walls and other such features constructed within ROW willpresent obstacles where localized widening is require and their removal willtherefore be necessary.

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* The general population and public institutions e.g. schools, hospitals religious andcultural institutions etc located in project influence area (PIA) will benefit fromthe proposed improvements to the road service level.

* The respective District Secretaries (DS) administrative divisions, through whichthe road runs, are considered as areas of project influence therefore, data onpopulation and public institutions within these areas has been analysed and usedas the basis of the study.

* About 20% of Gampaha District, 50% of Kegalle district and 30% of Kandydistrict will have some influence due to improvement of the proposed road.Therefore, information on socio-economic properties in the road influential areasof these three districts is used to assess the likelihood project impact.

3.3 Potential Impacts

3.3.1 Beneficial impacts

The population in the project influential areas in the three districts ( Gampaha, Kegalleand Kandy) will have effective access facilities to various socio-economic centres asshown in table 1.

Table 3.1 Beneficiary Population and Institutions in PIA of Project Road

Social Population No of No of school No of No offeatures schools children houses InstitutionsTotal number 2511280 1436 570987 648293 742856Number /km 32614 19 7415 8419 9647

Source- Department of census and statistics-2001

Note: The total population includes 1221534 male and 1289746 female. It is 15864 maleand 16750 female per km of the road length.

The improvements to the proposed road may create positive impacts on the livelihoodactivities of the people especially, below the poverty line of the country. About 197,176families are receiving government subsidies under its major poverty alleviation programknown as "Samurdhi". (This is about 2561 families per/km of the road length) It meansabout 31% of the total families in the project influential areas of the districts are belowthe poverty line of the country. (Source-Census and statistics Department -2001)The Nittambuwa-Kandy road runs through 9 DS divisions (Meerigama, Attanagalla,Harispattuwa, Yatinuwara, Ranbukkana, Mawanella, Kegalle, Galigamuwa andWarakapola) of which the combined population is about 908894. It can reasonably beassumed therefore, that this number of people would derive some form of benefits fromthe project. I.e. there are large numbers of various socio-economic institutions locatedwithin the PIA as shown in Table 3.2 below, who will use and will need to reach theseinstitutes for various purposes.

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Road Sector Assistance ProjectNittambuwa-Kandy AOO1

Table 3.2 Beneficiary Population and Institutions in PIA of Project Road

Collective Non-Social Population Houses Residential Intuitions HousingFeature Buildings Units

Total 908894 217934 435 1074 27431numberNumber 11803 2830 6 14 356/km_ _ __ __ _

Source- Department of census and statistics-2001

More immediately, the institutions and population centres listed below and which are

within or adjacent to the project corridor will benefit directly from improved access:

* 25 no Religious places* 73 no. Business places ( markets and shopping complexes and urban centres etc)

* 20 no. Public institutes such as hospitals, schools etc.* 4 no. Cemeteries and other locations in common use

3.3.2 Negative ImpactsStructures within a band of 3m either side of the road pavement edge have been observedat various points along the road as detailed below in the table 3.3. In the event that

widening is strictly required for visibility and horizontal road alignment improvement,

some of these properties have to be removed during the construction phase.

Table 3.3Location of the

property - Side Nature of the property propertiesChainage (km) properties

40.3 RHS Shop 141.1 LHS Boundary wall 1

41.4 RHS House 141.7 RHS Boundary wall 1

42.5 RHS Shop 142.6 RHS Temporary shop 1

42.6 RHS Temporary shop 144.4 LHS Temporary shop 1

46.1 RHS Boundary wall 1

47.2 LHS Temporary shop 147.2 RHS Temporary shop 147.2 RHS Temporary shop 1

49.2 RHS Shop 1

49.2 RHS Shop 1 of 18

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52.4 LHS House 156.4 LHS Shop 156.4 LHS Temporary shop 156.2 LHS Temporary shop 162.7 LHS Temporary shop 165.1 LHS Boundary wall 165.1 LHS Boundary wall 167.9 LHS Boundary wall 172.0 LHS Temporary shop 172.7 RHS Boundary wall 172.7 RHS House 174.3 LHS Shop 179.2 LHS Shop 179.2 LHS Shop 179.2 LHS Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 LHS House 179.4 LHS House 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 RHS Shop 179.4 LHS | Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 RHS Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 RHS Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 LHS Shop 179.4 RHS Shop 179.4 RHS Shop 184.7 LHS Temporary shop 185.4 LHS Shop 186.6 RHS Boundary wall 188.4 RHS House 189 LHS Shop( two story building) 189 LHS Shop( two story building) 1

89.0 RHS House 192.7 LHS Boundary wall 194.1 LHS Shop 194.1 LHS House 194.1 LHS Shop 193.8 LHS Shop 193.8 LHS Shop 194.1 LHS Shop 1

of 18Feb 2006


94.0 LHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 RHS House 194.0 RHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 RHS Shop 194.0 RHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.0 RHS Shop 194.0 RHS Shop 194.0 LHS Shop 194.1 RHS Shop 194.1 RHS Shop 194.1 LHS Shop 194.1 RHS House 194.1 LHS shop 194.1 LHS Shop 194.1 RHS House 194.1 LHS Shop 194.1 LHS shop 197.7 LHS Temporary shop 197.7 RHS Temporary shop 198.6 LHS Boundary/water tank 298.6 RHS Boundary wall/ sewerage pit 299.0 LHS Shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Boundary wall 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 199.0 LHS Temporary shop 1

of 18Feb 2006


99.3 LHS Temporary shop 199.3 LHS Temporary shop 199.3 LHS Temporary shop 199.3 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 199.7 LHS Temporary shop 1101.4 RHS House 1101.4 RHS Shop 1101.4 RHS Shop 1101.4 RHS Shop 1101.4 RHS Shop 1101.4 RHS Well/shop 1101.5 RHS Shop 1101.5 RHS Shop 1101.5 RHS Shop 1101.5 LHS Shop 1101.5 LHS Shop 1101.5 RHS Shop 1101.5 RHS House 1101.6 LHS Shop 1101.6 RHS Shop 1101.6 RHS Shop 1101.7 LHS House 1101.9 RHS House 1102.1 RHS House 1102.1 RHS Shop 1113.2 RHS Boundary wall 1113.3 RHS Boundary wall 1113.3 RHS Shop 1113.3 RHS Shop 1113.3 RHS Shop 1113.3 LHS House 1113.3 LHS Boundary wall 1113.3 LHS Boundary wall 1113.4 RHS House 1113.4 RHS shop 1

I I__ __ __ _ Total 154

of 18Feb 2006


3.3.3 Mitigation of Negative Impacts:

In accordance with the law the RDA has authority to remove the establishments

constructed within ROW without paying any compensation. However, a policy decisionhas been taken to pay compensation in respect of demolition and relocation of these

features in accordance with the World Bank's 'Involuntary Resettlement' guidelines and

National Involuntary Resettlement policy.The total cost in this connection is estimated to be approximately Rs 26.58 millionhowever, since the proposed project is not intended to extend the existing road widthexcept for localized improvements, only some of these properties may be affected by

construction activities and require removal.

It is ensured that all affectees and affected assets will be clearly identified and

compensated in accordance with the Social Impact Management Framework (SMIF)

prior to commencement of any physical activity of the project. The SMIF is presented in

the annexure III.

of 18Feb 2006

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iII

ii

i

Annexure IEnvironmental Mana2ement Action Plan (EMAP)

The Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) forms part of the Bid Documents and will be considered alongside the specifications. Thereby the prescriptions detailed inthe EMAP are mandatory in nature and also contractually binding. The EMAP will also equally applicable to sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors if any. Themain contractor will be responsible for the compliance with the requirements of the EMAP by sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors. With the assistance of theConstruction Supervision Consultant the "Engineer" on behalf of the Employer the Road Development Authority (RDA) will monitor the compliance of EMAP by the contractor.

The EMAP identifies the locations where the EMAP Clauses are particularly applicable. It is necessary that the contractor refer to the Environmental Features Map (Annexure 11)prepared alongside the EMAP. This Environmental Features Map provides the location information of the referenced or affected roadside environmental features in relation to theroad trace.

1

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor

1. Earthwork and Soil Conservation

1.1 Disposal of Debris and Spoil Specific Location of Application

(a) All debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be disposed only at

locations approved by the engineer for such purpose and subjected to the Clauses 1.L.band l.l.c. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~the road section (& project)

(b) If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the approval form the relevant -do-

Local Authority for disposal of debris and spoil at the specified location.

(c) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that (i) waterways and drainage -do-;

paths are not blocked, (ii) the disposed material should not be washed away by floods

and (iii) should not be a nuisance to the public.

(d) If directed by the Engineer the debris and residual spoil material including any left earth

shall be used, to fill the borrow areas as directed by the Engineer, subject to laying of -do-

topsoil as per EMAP Clause 1.2.

(e) If consented by the Engineer contractor can dispose the debris and spoil as a filling

material provided that the contractor can ensure that such material is used for legally -do-

acceptable purposes with disposed in an environmentally acceptable manner.

1.2 Conservation and Reuse of Top Soil

(a) Topsoil of the agricultural areas and any other productive areas where it has to be

removed for the purpose of this project shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm Apand stored in stockpiles of height not exceeding 2m, if directed by the Engineer. If the Aphicable through out the road

contractor is in any doubt on whether to conserve the topsoil or not for any given area he ction ( & project)

shall obtain the direction from the Engineer in writing.

(b) Such stockpiled topsoil must be retumed to cover the areas including cut slopes where the -do-

topsoil has been removed due to project activities. Residual topsoil must be distributed onadjoining/proximate barren areas as identified by the Engineer in a layer of thickness of

75mm - 150mm. Stockpiles should be placed outside flood affected areas.

(c) Topsoil thus stockpiled for reuse shall not be surcharged or overburdened. As far as possible -do-multiple handling of topsoil stockpiles should be kept to a minimum.

1.3 Protection of Ground Cover and Vegetation

(a) Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment shall be used and stationed only in the Applicable through out the road

areas of work and in any other designated areas by the Engineer. |section ( & project)

2

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor(b) Contractor shall provide necessary instructions to drivers and operators not to destroy -do-

ground vegetation cover unnecessarily.

1.4 Borrowing of Earth

(a) Borrowing within the RoW is prohibited-under this contract. However, earth available Applicable through out the roadfrom excavation for roadside drains as per design, may be used as embankment material, section (& project)subject to approval of the Engineer.

(b) Contractor shall comply with the environmental requirements/guidelines issued by the -do-Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the respective Local Authority in respect oflocating borrow areas and with regard to all operations related with excavation andtransportation of earth from such sites.

(c) All borrow pits/areas shall be rehabilitated at the end of their use by the contractor in -do-accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by the Central EnvironmentalAuthorty (CEA) and the respective Local Authority.

(d) Borrow areas shall not be opened without the permission of the Engineer. The location, -do-depth of excavation and the extent of the pit or open cut area shall be as approved by theEngineer.

(e) Establishment of borrow pits/areas and its operational activities shall not endanger the -do-, properties. Also shall not be a danger or health hazard to the people.

1.5 Safety against Soil Failures

(a) Contractor shall take all steps necessary to ensure the stability of slopes including those Applicable through out the roadrelated to temporary works and borrow pits. section (& project);

Specific area of significanterosion was not observed.However, attention should be paidin areas of steep slops.

Take note of areas where roadsidemining is taking place; 74.7; 90.5;95.8; kilometres;

Refer to the environmentalfeatures map for details on side

____________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~where the erosion was observed.


(b) If the area is classified as an area prone to soil failures / land slides by the National Applicable through out the road

Building Research Organization (NBRO) contractor shall seek their advice prior to section (& project),-engage in deep excavations for earth extraction or any other construction purpose. The Earth slip noted at 97.0 kilometres

NBRO recommendations shall be submitted to the Engineer.

1.6 Prevention of Soil Erosion

(a) Embankment slopes, slopes of cuts, etc. shall not be unduly exposed to erosive forces. Applicable through out the road

These exposed slopes shall be graded and covered by grass as per the specifications. section (&project); Specific areaof significant erosion was notobserved. However, attentionshould be paid in areas of steepslops.

Refer to the environmentalfeatures map for details on sidewhere the erosion was observed.

(b) Work that lead to heavy erosion shall be avoided during the raining season. If such -do-

activities need to be continued during rainy season prior approval must be obtained fromthe Engineer by submitting a proposal on actions that will be undertaken by the contractorto prevent erosion.

(c) The work, permanent or temporary shall consist of measures as per design or as directed -do-

by the Engineer to control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution to thesatisfaction of the Engineer. Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes, sedimentbasins, fibre mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices. All sedimentation and

pollution control works and maintenance thereof are deemed, as incidental to theearthwork or other items of work and no separate payment will be made for theirimplementation.

4

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor1.7 Contamination of Soil by Fuel and Lubricants

(a) Vehicle/machinery and equipment serving and maintenance work shall be carried out Applicable through out the roadonly in designated locations/service stations approved by the Engineer. Avoid sensitive section (& project);location such as close to streams/rivers; just upstream of wells and springs used bycommunity and areas of flooding. Important river/stream locations:

(C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C75/4;B90/6; B 107/7; C107/8

Stretches where rivers/streams goparallel close to the road 74.4-74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometreskilometres

Wells and springs and otherpublic water sources locations;39.6; 39.7; 42.9; 52.3; 97.0-98.0kilometres

(b) Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater shall not be discharged on Applicable through out the roadground so that it causes soil pollution. Adequate measures shall be taken against pollution section (& project);of soil by spillage of petroleum/oil products from storage tanks and containers. All wastepetroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with the guidelines issued by theCEA or the engineer.

(c) Sites used for vehicle and plant service and maintenance shall be restored back to its -do-initial status. Site restoration will be considered as incidental to work.

1.8 Disposal of Harmful Construction Wastes

(a) Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide list of harmful, hazardous Applicable through out the roadand risky chemicals/material that will be used in the project work to the Engineer. section (& project);Contractor shall also provide the list of places where such chemicals/materials or theircontainers or other harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of theproject.

(b) New disposal sites shall not be created as part of this project. Disposal of such waste -do-shall be to the sites designated by the CEA or the Engineer.

(c) The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies affected/contaminated (if -do-any) as directed by the Engineer at lis own cost.

5


1.9 Quarry Operations

(a) Rock quarries from where metal aggregate is obtained shall have approval from the Applicable through out the road

Geological Survey and Mines Bureau as well as the current Environmental Protection section (& project);

Licence. It is recommended not to sought material from quarries that have on-going

disputes with community.

(b) The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the -do-

contractor's operations shall be a responsibility of the contractor.

2. Water - Protection of Water Sources and Quality

2.1 Loss of Minor Water Sources and Disruption to Water Users

(a) Contractor shall protect sources of water (potable or otherwise) such as wells, spnngs Applicable through out the road

used by the community so that continued use these water sources will not be disrupted by section;

the work. In case the closer of such sources is required on permanent or temporary basis Wells and springs and other

contractor shall provide alternative arrangement for supply. Altemative sources such as public water sources locations;

wells thus provided should be within acceptable distance to the original sources and 39.6; 39.7; 42.9; 52.3; 97.0-98.0

accessible to the affected community. kilometres

(b) Contractor shall not divert, close or block existing canals and streams in a manner that Applicable through out the road

adversely affect down-stream intake(s). If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and section (& project);

streams is required for the execution of work, contractor must first obtain the Engineers All culvers and bridges

approval in writing. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the National Water

Supply and Drainage Board or Local Authority or Divisional Secretary depending on the Stretches where rivers/streams go

operating agency of the intake/water supply. Contractors shall restore the drainage path paretche where road go

back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage ceased parallel close to the road 74.4-

to exist. During the affected period contractor shall supply water to the affected 74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometres

community.

(c) In case the contractors activities going to adversely affect the quantity or quality of water, -do-

the Contractor shall serve notice to the relevant authorities and downstream users of watersufficiently in advance.

2.2 Siltation into Water Bodies

(a) Contractor shall take measures necessary to prevent siltation of water bodies as a result of Applicable through out the road

his work including construction of temporary/permanent devices to prevent water section (& project);

pollution due to siltation and increase of turbidity. These shall include the measures

against erosion as per EMAP Clause 1.6.

(b) Construction materials containing small/fine particles shall be stored in places not No flooding

subjected to flooding and in such a manner that these materials will not be washed away_ _ ~~~~~~~~by runoff.

6

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor2.3 Alteration of drainage paths

(a) Contractor shall not close or block existing canals and streams permanently. If diversion All culvert and bridge locations.or closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the execution of work,contractor must first obtain the Engineers approval in writting. Contractor shall carry out Stretches where rivers/streams goan investigation and report to the Engineer, if an investigation is requested by the parallel close to the road 74.4-Engineer. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the relevant agency such as 74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometresIrrigation Department/Agrarian Services Department/Divisional Secretary prior to suchaction is taken. Contractors shall restore the drainage path back to its original status oncethe need for such diversion or closure or blockage is no longer required.

(b) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways and drainage Applicable through out the roadpaths are not blocked. section (& project);

2.4 Contamination of Water from Construction Wastes

(a) The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of natural watercourses, Applicable through out the roadponds, tanks and reservoirs is avoided. Measures shall be taken to prevent the wastewater section (& project);produced in construction from entering directly into streams, water bodies or theirrigation systems.

(b) Construction work close to the streams or water bodies shall be avoided during heavy All culvert and bridge locationsrainy/monsoon periods. Stretches where rivers/streams go

parallel close to the road 74.4-74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometres

(c) The discharge standards promulgated under the National Environmental Act shall be Applicable through out the roadstrictly adhered to. All waste arising from the project is to be disposed in a manner that is section (& project);acceptable to the Engineer and as per the guidelines/instructions issued by the CEA.

2.9 Contamination from Fuel and Lubricants

(a) All vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be located and operated as Applicable through out the roadper the conditions and/or guidelines issued by the Central Environmental Authority. In section (& project);general these should be located away from water-bodies and wastewater shall not be Locations of water-bodies asdisposed without meeting the disposal standards of the CEA. Wastewater from vehicle Clause 1.7 (a)and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be removed of oil and grease and othercontaminants to meet the relevant standards before discharging to the environment.

(b) Vehicle, machinery & equipment maintenance and re-fuelling shall be done as required in Applicable through out the roadEMAP clause 1.7 to prevent water pollution as well. section (& project);

7


2.10 Locating, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps

(a) Sitting of labour camps shall have the Engineers approval and comply with Applicable through out the road

guidelines/recommendations issued by the CEA/LA. Construction labourers' camps shall section (& project);

not be located within 200m from waterways, within an area coming under DWLC or Important river/stream locations:

DoF, near to a site or premises of religious, cultural or archaeological importance and (C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C75/4;

schools. B90/6; B107/7; C107/8

Stretches where rivers/streams goparallel close to the road 74.4-74.55; 76.45-76.8;kilometres

Sensitive sites; Religious,cultural, schools, institutions etc.-39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7;58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4;73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4;94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85;110.4; 110.5; 111.4; 111.5;112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8;114.05; 114.2 Kilometres

All urban areas

(b) Labour camps shall be provided with adequate and appropriate facilities for disposal of Applicable through out the road

sewerage and solid waste. The sewage systems shall be properly designed, built and section (& project);

operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/watercourses takes place.

Garbage bins shall be provided in the camps and regularly emptied. Garbage should be

disposed off in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. Compliance

with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the CEA/LA shall be strictly

adhered to.

(c) Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and hygienic. Necessary measures -do-

shall be taken to prevent breeding of vectors.

(d) Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance in a labour camp -do-

to the Engineer and the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) or to the Public Health

Inspector (PHI) of the area immediately. Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued

by the authorities, if any.

(e) Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on disposal of wastewater. -do-

Wastewater shall not be discharge to ground or waterways in a manner that will cause

unacceptable surface or ground water pollution.

8

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor(f) All relevant provisions of the Factories Act and any other relevant regulations aimed at safety -do-

and health of workers shall be adhered to.

(g) Contractor shall remove the labour camps fully after its need is over, empty septic tanks, -do-if instructed by the engineer shall be closed, remove all garbage, debris and clean andrestore the area back to its former condition.

2.11 Wastage of Water and Waste Minimization

(a) The contractor shall minimize wastage of water in the construction process/operations. Applicable through out the road______ ________________________________________________________________________________ section (& project);(b) The contractor shall educate and made employees aware on water conservation, waste -do-

minimization and safe disposal of waste.

2.12 Extraction of Water

(a) The Contractor is responsible for arranging adequate supply of water for the project purpose Applicable through out the roadthroughout the construction period. Contractor shall not obtain water for his purposes including section (& project);for labour camps from public or community water supplies without approval from the relevantauthority.

(b) Extraction of water by the Contractor for the project purposes shall comply with the guidelines -do-and instructions issued by the CEA. The Contractor shall not extract water from groundwateror from surface water-bodies without permission from the Engineer. If directed by theEngineer contractor must obtain approval from relevant agency for extraction of water prior tothe commencement of the project.

(c) Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in the dry Applicable through out the roadsession. Construction over the irrigation canals, if disruption to the flow, quality of water section (& project);and impact on the irrigation structure is expected (or probable in the view of the Important river/stream locations:Engineer), will be undertaken under necessary permission from the Department of (C-Culvert; B-Bridge) C75/4;Irrigation. 1B90/6; B 107/7; C 107/8

(e) The Contractor may use the natural sources of water subject to the provision that any Applicable through out the roadclaim arising out of conflicts with other users of the said natural sources of water shall be section (& project);made good entirely by the contractor.

3. Flood Prevention

3.1 Blockage of drainage paths and drains

(a) Contractor's activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of blocked Applicable through out the roaddrainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all measures necessary or as directed section (& project);by the Engineer to keep all drainage paths and drains clear of blockage at all times.

(b) If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor's activities, contractors shall -do-provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b)prevent damage to land and property. Contractor shall compensate for any loss ofincome or damage as a result.

9


3.2 Work in Flood Prone Areas

(a) Contractor's activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood prone areas when No flooding

working in flood prone areas.

(b) When working in flood prone areas during rainy season the contractor shall avoid storing -do-

materials, chemicals and other items of work in areas where those can be washed away

by the floods.

4. Air PoDlution

4.1 Generation of Dust

(a) The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating activities such as topsoil Applicable through out the road

removal during periods of high winds or during more stable conditions with winds section (& project);

directed towards adjacent residences and other facilities

(b) All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors Sensitive sites; Religious,cultural, schools, institutions etc.-39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7;58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4;73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4;94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85;110.4; 110.5; 111.4; 111.5;112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8;114.05; 114.2 Kilometres

All urban areas

(c) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage and dust emission. Applicable through out the road

section (& project);

(d) The contractor shall avoid, where possible and take suitable action to prevent dirt and -do-

mud being carried to the roads (particularly following wet weather);

(e) The contractor shall enforce vehicle speed limits to minimise dust generation -do-

(f) The contractor shall employ a water truck for dust suppression on all exposed areas as -do-

required (note: the use of waste water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited);

(g) All cleareJ areas shall be rehabilitated progressiwly. -do-

(h) All earthwork shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the to minimise generation of -do-

dust.

1 0

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor(i) All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the contractor, or any of his sub- -do-

contractor or supplies of materials or plant and similarly roads which are part of the worksshall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped bysuch vehicles or their tyres.

(i) Clearance shall be effected immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or, if -do-so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical sweeping and clearing equipment, and alldust, mud and other debris shall be removed satisfactorily. Additionally, if so directed bythe Engineer, the road surfaces shall be hosed or watered using appropriate equipments.

(k) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be so handled (including dismantling) so as to -do-minimise generation of dust.

(I) The Contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust emission from the -do-hot mix plants and the batching plants up to the satisfaction of the Engineer in accordancewith the relevant emission norms.

(m) The hot mix plant be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines and operated with an EPL -do-and subjected to meeting the conditions stated in the EPL. The hot mix plants shall befitted with dust extraction units in order that the exhausts comply with the requirements ofthe relevant current emission control legislation.

4.2 Emission from Hot-Mix Plants and Batching Plants

(a) The hot mix plants and batching plants shall be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines. Sensitive sites; Religious,It is recommended that hot mix plants and batching plants to be located sufficiently away cultural, schools, institutions etc.-from sensitive receptors such as vulnerable habitats, religious, cultural and archaeological 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7;sites, residential areas, schools and industrial areas. 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4;

73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4;94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85;110.4; 110.5; '111.4; 111.5;112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8;114.05; 114.2 Kilometres

Peradeniya Botanical Gardens

All urban areas

(b) The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control Applicable through out the roadlegislation. All operations at plants shall be undertaken in accordance with al current rules and section (& project);regulations protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the EPL.

11


4.3 Odour and offensive smells

(a) Contractor shall take all precautions to prevent odour and offensive smell emanating from Applicable through out the road

chemicals and processes applied in construction works or from labour camps. In a section (& project);

situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occur contractor shall take immediate

action to rectify the situation. Contractor is responsible for any compensation involved

with any health issue arisen out of bad odour and offensive smells.

(b) The waste disposal and sewerage treatment system for the labour camps shall be properly 'do-

designed, built and operated so that no odour is generated. Compliance with the

regulations on health and safety as well as CEA guidelines shall be strictly adhered to.

4.4 Emission from Construction Vehicles, Equipment and machinery

(a) The emission standards promulgated under the National Environment Act shall be strictly Applicable through out the road

adhered to. section (& project);

(b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be regularly serviced -do-

and well maintained to ensure that emission levels comply with the relevant standards.

4.5 Air Pollution from Crusher

(a) All crushers used in construction shall confirm to relevant dust emissions levels as stated Applicable through out the road

in the EPL. Only the quarries approved by GSMB and holding current EPL shall be used. section (& project);

(b) Crushing plants shall be sited sufficiently away from sensitive receptors such as houses, Applicable through out the road

schools, hospitals, temples, shrines and outdoor recreation areas or as required by the section; Avoid sensitive sites and

engineer. high density areas


Peradeniya Botanical Gardens

There are high- density areassuch as towns along the road.

12

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor(c) Sprinkler system for dust suppression shall be installed. Applicable through out the road

_ f _______ -______ j section (& project);

5. Noise Pollution and Vibration

5.1 Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipment.

(a) All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with noise reduction Applicable through out the roaddevices in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. section (& project);

(b) In construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such Sensitive sites; Religious,as crushing, concrete mixing and batching, mechanical compaction, etc., will be stopped cultural, schools, institutions etc.-between 2000 hours to 0600 hours. In silence zone (areas up to 100 m around such 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6; 51.4; 55.7;premises as hospitals, educational institutional and courts) no hot-mix, batching or 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 71.7; 78.4;aggregate crushing plant will be allowed. No construction shall take place within lOOm 73.85; 77.4; 77.7; 79.85; 93.4;around hospitals between 2000 hours to 0600 hours. Near noise sensitive sites, such as 94.3; 94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85;hospitals, educational institutional and courts noisy equipment shall not be used during 110.4; 110.5; 111.4; 111.5;noise sensitive times of the day. 112.4; 112.0; 112.6; 112.8;

114.05; 114.2 Kilometres

(b) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silences. Applicable through out the roadDuring routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be section (& project);checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. Notwithstanding any otherconditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with therelevant legislation for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plant shall be removedfrom site.

(c) Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at one meter from -do-the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders,concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB(A).

(d) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and proper, to the Applicable through out the roadsatisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a minimum. section (& project);

(e) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working with or in crushing, -do-compaction, batching or concrete mixing operations shall be provided with protectivegear.

5.2 Vibration

(a) Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that construction works do not result in Applicable through out the roaddamage to adjacent properties due to vibration. section (& project);

13


(b) Prior to commencement of any activity, the Contractor shall undertake a condition survey -do-

of existing structures within the zone of influence, as agreed with the relevant govemment

agencies and the engineer.

(c) Contractor shall carry out monitoring at the nearest vibration sensitive receptor during -do-

blasting or when other equipments causing vibration are used.

(d) The contractor shall modify the method of construction until compliance with the criteria, -do-

if vibration levels exceed the relevant vibration criteria.

(f) Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts of blasting on adjoining -do-

structures. Explosive loads shall be determined so that excessive vibration can be avoided

and blasts shall be controlled blasting in nature. Notwithstanding to these provisions

contractor is liable for any damage caused by blasting work.

5.2 Noise from Blasting or Pre splitting Operations.

(a) Blasting shall be carried out only with permission of the Engineer. All the statutory laws, Applicable through out the road

regulators, rules, etc., pertaining to acquisition, transport, storage, handling and use of section (& project);

explosives shall be strictly followed.

(b) Blasting shall be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day), as permitted -do-

by the Engineer. The timing should be made known to all the people within 500m (200m Altogether 16 boulders and 7

for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions. People, except those who stretches of rock/boulders located

actually light the fuse shall be excluded from the area of 200m (50m for pre-splitting) close to the road edge are

from the blasting site in all direchions at least I Om minutes before the blasting. identified and marked on the

environmental features map.


14

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor6. Impact on Flora

6.1 Loss or Damage to Trees and Vegetation

(a) All works shall be carried out in a manner that tl,e destruction to the flora and their Applicable through out the roadhabitats is minimised. Trees and vegetation shall be felled / removed only if that impinge section (& project);directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works. In all such cases Altogether 318 trees of timbercontractor shall take prior approval from the Engineer. value/fruit species/use and

number of stretches with row ofplanted trees are identfied within3m from the both sides of theroad edge. There locations aremarked in the environmentalfeatures map.Forest stretch in steep slope 97.6-99.0 kilometres

(b) Contractor shall make every effort to avoid removal and/or destruction of trees of Tees of religious importancereligious, cultural and aesthetic significance. If such action is unavoidable the Engineer within 3m from the road edge atshall be informed in advance and carry out public consultation and report on the same 48.0; 63.1; 100.3; 107.5; 109.3;should be submitted to the Engineer. kilometres

(c) Contractor shall adhere to the guidelines and recommendations made by the Central Applicable through out the roadEnvironmental Authority, if any with regard to felling of trees and removal of vegetation. section (& project);

(d) If the trees and vegetations that require removal is in a forest plantation or natural forest Not applicableunder the jurisdiction of the Department of Forest, the contractor shall take prior approvalform the DoF for such removal and adhere to conditions /guidelines imposed by the DoFif any.

(e) If the trees and vegetations that require removal is in a sanctuary, nature reserve, national Not applicablepark or protected area under jurisdiction of the Department of Wildlife Conservation, thecontractor shall take prior approval form the DWLC for such removal and adhere toconditions /guidelines imposed by the DWLC if any.

6.2 Chance found important Flora

(a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered flora species is found, it shall be Applicable through out the roadimmediately informed to the Engineer. All activities that could destroy such flora and/or section (& project);its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started onlyafter obtaining the Engineer's approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plansthat the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such flora and/or its habitat.

15


7. Impact on Fauna

7.1 Loss, Damage or Disruption to Fauna

(a) All works shall be carried out in such a manner that the destruction or disruption to the Applicable through out the road

fauna and their habitats is minimum. section (& project);

(b) Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna including wild animals and -do-

aquatic life as well as their habitats. Hunting, pouching and unauthorized fishing byproject workers is not allowed.

(c) Construction workers shall not be allowed to trespass into sanctuaries, national parks, and Not applicable

protected areas if the road is traversing through such areas.

7.2 Chance found important Fauna

(a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna species is found, it shall be Applicable through out the road

immediately informed to the Engineer. All activities that could destroy such fauna and/or section (& project);

its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only

after obtaining the Engineer's approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans

that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat.

8. Disruption to Users

8.1 Loss of Access

(a) At all times, the Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, Applicable through out the road

pedestrians and livestock to and from side roads and property accesses connecting the section (& project);

project road. Work that affects the use of side roads and existing accesses shall not beundertaken without providing adequate provisions to the prior satisfaction of the

Engineer.

(b) The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the convenience of public -do-

or the access to, use and occupation of public or pnvate roads, railways and any other

access footpaths to or of properties whether public or pnvate.

(c) On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall be cleared away, -do-

all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be cleared to the satisfaction of the

Engineer.

8.2 Traffic Jams and Congestion

(a) Detailed Traffic Control Plans shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer for Applicable through out the road

approval 5 days prior to commencement of works on any section of road. The traffic section (& project);

control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for

construction under traffic and details of traffic arrangements after cession of work eachday. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic

______ ______ __ __ arrangement from the Local Police.

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Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor(b) Temporary diversion of traffic to facilitate construction work shall have the approval of Applicable through out the road

the Engineer. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the section;traffic arrangement from the Local Police.

(c) Special consideration shall be given in the preparation of the traffic control plan to the -do-safety of pedestrians and workers at night.

(d) The contractor shall ensure that the running surface is always property maintained, -do-particularly during the monsoon so that no disruption to the traffic flow occurs.

(e) The temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent application of water, if -do-necessary.

(f) Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly trained, provided -do-with proper gear includitig communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. Allsigns, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be to thestandards and approved by the Engineer/ Police.

8.3 Traffic Control and Safety

(a) The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during Applicable through out the roadconstruction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, section (& project);flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information andprotection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of the highways underimprovement The provision of traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental towork and follow ICTAD guidelines and instructions given by the Police, if any.

9. Accidents and Risks

9.1 Public and Worker safety

(a) All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of the workers and the public Applicable through out the roadfrom accidents such as fire, explosions, blasts, falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, section (& project);breaking flood diversions, chemical sprays, unsafe power supply lines etc.

(b) The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the workmen as per the -do-international labour organisation (ILO) convention No. 62 and Safety and Heathregulations of the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent that those are applicable tothis contract. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safetygoggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor has tocomply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms,gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.

17


9.2 Prevention of Risks of Electrocution

(a) All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm to British Standards (BS) or Applicable through out the road

relevant Sri Lankan Standards. Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent danger of section (& project);

electrocuting from electrical equipment and power supply lines including distribution

boards, transformers, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger/red lights, fencing

and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven

machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintainedand kept in good working order, be regularly inspected and as per BS provisions and to

the satisfaction of the Engineer.

9.3 Risk at Hazardous Activity

(a) All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with necessary protective Applicable through out the road

gear. These activities include mixing asphalt material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., section (& project);

welding work, work at crushing plants, blasting work, operators of machinery and

equipment such as power saws, etc.

(b) The use of any toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's Applicable through out the road

instructions. The Engineer shall be notified of toxic chemicals that are planed to be used section (& project);

in all contract related activities. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall

be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade

name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredienis, health and safety

hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid

procedures for the product.

9.4 Lead Pollution

(a) No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except in the form of paste or Applicable through out the road

readymade paint. Facemasks shall be supplied to workers who are working in spray section (& project);

i____ painting or scraping lead paints.

9.5 Handling of Explosives

(a) Except as provided in the contract or ordered or authorised by the Engineer, the Applicable through out the road

Contractor shall not use explosives. Where the use of explosives is so provided or section (& project);

ordered or authorised, the Contractor shall comply with the requirements of the following

Sub-Clauses of this Clause besides the law of the land as applicable.

(b) The Contractor shall at all times take every possible precaution and shall comply with -do-

relevant laws and regulations relating to the importation, handling, transportation, storage

and use of explosives. ContTactor shall obtain Defence Ministry approval for importing

_ __________ _____ and handling explosives and keep the Local Police informed of the same.

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Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor(c) Contractor shall take precaution to prevent injury to people and damage the Applicable through out the road

structures/houses and vehicles in the vicinity at the locations of blasting work. Blasting section (& project);should be controlled to prevent vibration damage to structures and injury to people. Thevehicles and road users should be stopped at a reasonable distance trom the site andpeople in the vicinity should be informed when the blasting is carried out. Any debris onthe road should be removed promptly before clearing the road for users. Blasting workshould be carried out in off peak hours but not during the hours of darkness or at othertimes, which may cause unacceptable disturbance to religious or other ceremonies.

(d) Sufficient and adequate warning shall be given prior to blasting. Use of flagmen, siren, -do-etc. should be arranged to the full satisfaction of the Engineer. The public in the areashould be informed well in advance about the blasting operation and timing.

10. Health and Safety

10.1 Prevention of Vector based Diseases

(a) Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of mosquitoes at places of Applicable through out the roadwork, labour camps, plus office and store buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas section (& project);including gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc shall be prevented.) Approved chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and lave should be regularly applied.

(b) Contractor shall keep all places of work, labour camps, plus office and store buildings -do-clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies.

10.2 Workers Health and Safety

(a) Contractor shall comply with the provisions in Health and Safety regulations under the Applicable through out the roadFactory Ordinance with regard to provision of health and safety measures and amenities section (& project);at work place(s).

10.2 First Aid

(a) At every workplace, first aid kit shall be provided as per the regulations. At every Applicable through out the roadworkplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff section (& project);

l_______ shall be provided.

10.3 Potable Water

(a) In every workplace and labour camps portable water shall be available through out the Applicable through out the roadday in sufficient quantities. Water should be easily accessible. In general cold portable section (& project);water is acceptable.

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10.4 Hygiene

(a) The contractor shall provide and maintain necessary (temporary) living accommodation Applicable through out the road

and ancillary facilities for labour to standards and scale approved by the resident section (& project);

engineer.

(b) At every workplace and labour camps sufficient number of bathing facilities, latrines and -do-

urinals shall be provided in accordance with the Health and Safety regulations and/or as

directed by the Engineer. These bathroom and toilet facilities shall be suitably located

within the workplace/buildings. Latrines shall be cleaned at least three times daily in the

morning, midday and evening and kept in a strict sanitary condition. If women are

employed, separate latrines and urinals, screened from those for men and marked in the

vernacular shall provided. There shall be adequate supply of water, within and close to

latrines and urinals.

(c) The sewage system for the camp must be properly designed, built and operated so that no -do-

health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjacent watercourses takes

place. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered to

(d) Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage -do-

disposed off in a hygienic manner. Construction camps shall have a clean hygienic

environment and adequate health care shall be provided for the work force.

(d) Unless otherwise arranged for by the Local Authority, the contractor shall arrange proper -do-

disposal of sludge from septic tanks. The contractor shall obtain approval for such

disposal from the Public Health Inspector of the area.

20

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor11 Protection of Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties

11.1 Prevention of damage to Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties(a) All necessary and adequate care shall be taken to minimize impact on archaeolugical and Applicable through out the road

cultural properties which includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship including section (& project);temples, mosques, churches and shrines, etc., graveyards, monuments and any other Identified locations are:important structures during construction. Work shall not encroach in to such properties, Tees of religious importancepremises and precincts under any circumstances. within 3m from the road edge at

48.0; 63.1; 100.3; 107.5; 109.3;kilometres

Temples and other religiousplaces- 39.5; 44.7; 48.9; 50.6;55.7; 58.5; 63.1; 66.4; 73.85;77.7; 79.85; 91.6; 93.4; 94.3;94.85; 96.1; 101.4; 102.85;110.5; 111.3; Kilometres

(b) Conservation and protection measures shall be taken up as per design and as per the Applicable through out the roadinstructions issued by the Department of Archaeology or Department of Cultural Affairs section (& project);when working close to or within such sites. Contractor shall seek advice from theEngineer if such instructions are not available. Access to such properties from the roadshall be maintained clear and clean.

(c) Blasting work shall not be allowed near or within archaeological and historical sites Applicable through out the roadwithout prior approval of the Departnent of Archaeology and the Engineer. section (& project);

Places of archaeologicalimportance 97.4; 100.2kilometres.

11.2 Chance found Archaeological property

(a) All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures and other remains or things Applicable through out the roadof geological or archaeological interest etc. discovered on the site and/or during section (& project);construction work shall be the property of the Govemment of Sri Lanka, and shall bedealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation.

(b) The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons -do-from removing and damaging any such article or thing and shall, immediately upon discoverythereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out theEngineer's instruchions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work shall be stopped

l____ l____ l_________ _____ within lOWm in all directions from the site of discovery.

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(c) If directed by the Engineers the Contractor shall obtain advice and assistance from the -do-

Department of Archaeological of Sri Lanka on conservation measures to be taken with regardto the areat rior to reconunencernent of work in the area.l

12 Environmental Enhancement

12.1 Roadside Landscape

(a) Road landscape plantation, re-vegetation of road embankments and other slopes, edge Applicable through out the road

treatment of water bodies shall be taken up as per either detailed design or typical design section;

guidelines given as part of the Bid Documents. The contactor also shall remove all debris,piles of unwanted earth, spoil material, etc away from the roadsides and from other work

places and disposed at locations designated or acceptable to the Engineer or as per Clause

________ ______ _ 1.1. ___________________________________________

(b) On completion of the works, the temporary structures shall be cleared away in full, all -do-

rubbish burnt, waste dumps and septic tank shall be filled and closed and roadsides,

______ ______ workplaces and labour camps, cleared and cleaned.

12.2 Utilities and Roadside Amenities

(a) Contractor shall replace all amenities such as bus shelters that were removed/relocated There are large number bus

during the construction unless the Engineer directed the contractor not to do so. shelters along the road. These aremarked in the EnvironmentalFeatures Map

(b) Contractor shall take care not to damage/destroy or affect the functional purposes of Power and telephone lines are

utilities such as water, electricity, telephone posts. Prior to commencement of work the present through out the road. At

contractor shall consult those service providers and agree on a plan for shifting or some locations telephone lines

relocating these utilities temporarily or permanently as required. Contractor shall assist are taken underground.

the service providers in whatever possible manner to minimise disruption to such Water lines are present in all

services. The arrangements the contractor made with those service providers shall be urban areas. Also there is a

informed to the Engineer in writing. possibility of presence of water

lines of Rural Water SupplySchemes at some places.

(c) In case of an inadvertent damage cause to a utility, the contractor shall immediately Applicable through out the road

inform the service provider and help to restore the service without delay. section;

12.3 Road Furniture

(a) Road furniture including footpaths, railings, storm water drains, crash barrier, traffic Applicable through out the road

signs, speed zone signs, pavement markers and any other such items will be provided as section;l l per desig n given in the Bid Documents2

22

Environmental Issues Protection And Preventative Measures That Have To Be Taken By The Contractor(b) intersections, rotaries, traffic islands, roadside protection and other structures or furniture -do-

shall be constructed, complete with the landscape elements as per design in the above__ manner.

13 Handling Environmental Issues during Construction

(a) The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Environmental Officer following the Throughout the projectaward of the contract. The Environmental Officer will be the primary point of contact for construction/implementationassistance with all environmental issues during the pre-construction and construction periodphases. He/She shall be responsible for ensuing the implementation of EMAP.

(b) The Contractor shall appoint a person responsible for community liaison and to handle -do-public complains regarding environmental/social related matters. All public complaintswill be entered into the Complaints Register. The Environmental Officer will promptlyinvestigate and review environmental complaints and implement the appropriatecorrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints. A register of allcomplaints is to be passed to the Engineer within 24 hrs they are received, with the actiontaken by the Environmental Officer on complains thereof.

(c) Contractor shall develop suitable method to receive complaints. The complain register Throughout the projectshall be placed at a convenient place, easily accessible by the public. construction/implementation

period

At local authority and divisionalsecretary offices

(d) Contractor shall prepare detailed Environmental Method Statement clearly stating theapproach, actions and manner in which the EMAP is implemented. It is required from thecontractor to prepare the EMS for each work site, if work will be carried out at more thanone site at once and time plan for implementation. The EMS shall be updated regularlyand submit for Engineers review.

23

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II

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Annexure II

The hard copy of "Environmental features map" is available in the World Bank Sri LankaCountry Office.

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Annex III

Sri LankaRoad Sector Assistance Project

Social Impact Management Framework

September 26, 2005

Road Development Authority

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September 2005World Bank

Road Sector Assistance Project

SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Table of Contents

ACRONYMS ..................................................................... iii

DEFINITION OF SELECTED TERMS ...................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 2

RSAP RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................................. 4

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS SCREENING &

SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...................................................................... 27

ANNEX - I: SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ..................................................................... 31

ii

-- --- - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - - - - - -- - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- _ - -- - -

ACRONYMS

BOR Board of ReviewCCG Community Consultative GroupCLG Commissioner of Local GovernmentCOI Corridor of ImpactCRW Community Resettlement WorkersDOV Department of ValuationDOS Department of SurveyDS Divisional SecretarySS Superintendent of SurveyERD External Resources DepartmentGOSL Government of Sri LankaGRC Grievance Redress CommitteeIDA International Development AssociationLAA Land Acquisition ActLARD Land Acquisition & Resettlement DivisionLRC Land Reform CommitteeMHAPCLG Ministry of Home Affairs, Provincial Council and Local GovernmentMOH Ministry of HighwaysMOL Ministry of LandNIRP National Involuntary Resettlement PolicyOP 4.12 Operation Policy on Involuntary ResettlementPAP Project-Affected PersonPCU Project Coordination UnitPD Project DirectorPEA Project Executing AgencyPMU Project Monitoring UnitPS Padeshiya SabhaRAP Resettlement Action PlanRDA Road Development AuthorityROW Right-of-WayRPF Resettlement Policy FrameworkSA Social AssessmentSIMF Social Impact Management FrameworkSLILG Sri Lankan Institute of Local GovernmentSTDP Southern Transport Development ProjectWB World Bank

iii

DEFINITION OF SELECTED TERMS

Compensation: Payment made in cash or kind to the project affected persons/households for theassets acquired for the project, or payment to vulnerable encroachers in the ROW as

formulated in the SIMF.

Consultation: Defined as a continuous two-way communication process consisting of: 'feed-forward' the information on the project's goals, objectives, scope and social impactimplications to the project beneficiaries, and their 'feed-back' on these issues (and more) to

the policymakers and project designers. In addition to seeking feed-back on project specificissues, participatory planning approach also serve the following objectives in all

development projects: public relations, information dissemination and conflict resolution.

Consultation Framework: After identification of the key stakeholders and their interests in theproject, the framework is prepared to guide the project preparation team about who are to bediscussed/consulted about the overall project and its positive and adverse impact

implications in the different stages of the project cycle.

Entitlement: Refers to mitigation measures, which includes CUL, RDA payment (if any), to make

up for the replacement costs/market prices affected assets, and those that are not provided inthe LAA, but stipulated for the RSAP.

Income Restoration: Re-building the capacity of the project affected households to re-establish

income sources to at least restore their living standard to the pre-acquisition levels.

Involuntary Resettlement: The situation arises where the State's power of eminent domain requirespeople to acquiesce their rights to personal properties and re-build their lives and livelihoodin the same or new locations.

Project-Affected Person/Household: Persons/households whose livelihood and living standard areadversely affected by the acquisition of lands, houses other assets, loss of income sources,and the like.

Rehabilitation: Refers to re-establishing the previous living standards, which may include re-

building the income earning capacity, physical relocation, rebuilding the social support and

economic networks.

Relocation: Moving the project affected households to new locations to continue their income

earning activities.

Replacement Cost: Actual costs of purchasing new lands of same quality equal to the amount

acquired, plus the transaction and other costs; building new houses at current prices of

materials and labour; and the prevailing costs of other assets that can be replaced.

Stakeholder: Refers to recognizable persons, formal and informal groups who have direct andindirect stakes in the project, such as affected persons/households, road user groups --transport users, workers, operators and owners, communities, community-based and othercivil society organizations interested in the road transport sector or the project itself.

Vulnerable Groups. Refers to persons whose income is below the Poverty line (poverty line asdefined by the government), women headed households, Old people, and minorities.

1

Road Sector Assistance ProjectSOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

INTRODUCTION

1. The proposed Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) is being prepared to providebeneficiaries with improved and sustainable road transport by enhancing durability, efficiency andeconomic impact of the national road network. Additionally, the project will establish a frameworkto improve the institutional capacity in Sri Lanka's decentralized governance system formaintenance and rehabilitation of rural road infrastructure.

2. Although any major land acquisition and displacement of population is not foreseen butminor land acquisition may be necessary for realignment and improvements. The Project may alsocause some displacement and impacts on squatters and encroachers within the ROW in addition totemporary impacts on private assets along the ROW due to construction activities duringimplementation phase. Since these minor impacts are not known at this stage, hence the need for theSIMF.

3. The potential adverse social impacts, as anticipated at this stage, would largely affectpersons located in the project's area of intervention whose livelihood may be affected. The projectalso needs to ensure that its activities do not affect sites and objects of historical and culturalsignificance, and indigenous peoples. With these concerns in view, the SIMF proposes principles,policies, guidelines and procedure to identify/verify the prevalent and potential social developmentand safeguard issues and address them as integral parts of project design and implementation.Although the SIMF is developed largely to fulfil the Bank's social safeguard requirements, it couldalso be used to identify and deal with major non-safeguard social concerns which might beassociated with the project interventions. In the context of social development the foremostobjective is to avoid/minimize the project's potential adverse impacts and mitigate those that areunavoidable and, if opportunities arise, to reinforce its social development outcomes.

4. Identification and further verification of social safeguard and social development concernswill require the preparation of a rapid social assessment report for all sub projects, withparticipation and consultation of the beneficiary communities in general, and especially those whomay be adversely affected. Consultation with the key stakeholders will seek their inputs andfeedback on safeguards and non- safeguard/social development issues and impacts, as well as onalternative mitigation measures wherever deemed necessary. Institutionally, such an approach isconsistent with Sri Lanka's decentralized governance system, which recognizes the value ofbeneficiary participation in development activities. In keeping with this objective, the SIMF alsocontains guidelines for participation process tasks, such as community/stakeholder consultation andsocial screening, leading to detailed analysis (wherever necessary), of social safeguard and non-safeguard risks in particular subprojects. These guidelines are primarily focused on identifyingsocial safeguard issues (including OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, focussing on impact onlivelihood of vulnerable groups, OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples, and OPN 11.03 on CulturalProperty ), risks assessment and related mitigation of issues identified,

5. In the context of the SIMF, the Project Affected Persons are expected to be vulnerable encroacherswhose business may be located in the ROW, or informal users of public land, (squatters andencroachers) owners of assets encroaching into the ROW, and communities/groups where the impactmay be felt community wide. In order to discourage attempts to abuse the mitigation policies cut off

2

dates need to be established. These are the dates on which Social Assessment and census of the

affected persons and their assets are taken. No person or asset will qualify for compensation unless

they are recorded in the census taken on/before the cut-off dates. As mentioned earlier the Project

does not envisage any involuntary land acquisition. However, the budget for the SIMF will be

provided by the GOSL to finance social and safeguards related activities (if/ where required).

The Project & Its Social and Safeguards Implications

6. Investments included in the RSAP comprise i) a national road component, entailing deferred

maintenance, rehabilitation and minor upgrading of priority national highways and ii) a rural

component entailing selected pilot intervention of rural roads with a view to increasing efficiency

and effectiveness with which rural road maintenance is undertaken. The rural roads component is

focussed on some of the poorest regions of the country. The national component entails maintenance

and minor up gradation of 13 sub projects of national road network comprising 2 sub projects and

another road section included as a part of the Banks post-tsunami re-construction efforts. The rural

roads, which will be rehabilitated, remain to be selected.

7. Institutional capacity building and maintenance, rehabilitation and improvement of rural

roads is not expected to have any adverse social impacts, as they will remain limited to the existing

alignments and no additional lands would be needed. It is assumed that social development and

safeguard concerns may arise due to resumption of public lands that may affect commercial and

residential squatters and encroachers at road junctions, small towns and other built-up areas.

Depending upon location of the roads there is a possibility that the roads may pass through areas

inhabited by indigenous peoples, or where there may be cultural sites and possibility of chance finds

of artefacts of cultural and historical significance.

8. In keeping with the Bank's social development and safeguard compliance requirements, a

S\IMF, is proposed. With this framework in place, the remaining tasks will consist of preparing the

mitigation action plans (if required) based on the actual impacts, and process tasks such as social

assessment; stakeholder consultation & analysis; and social risk screening & impact assessment.

Project Appraisal Requirements

9. The improvement works will be designed and implemented over five years, and the

Entitlement Matrix will be used for mitigation of Project impacts. The STMF will apply to the entire

project, and will be disclosed to the public in three local languages: Sinhalese, Tamil and English.

The Social Assessments (undertaken for all sub projects) will identify the triggers of the safeguards

and if identified, compliance will be ensured through preparation of mitigation measures such as

IPDP, RP etc., for each road package or yearly work program. All mitigation and managementaction plans will be subjected to Bank review and clearance before the work packages are accepted

for IDA financing.

3

PART ONE

RSAP RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK

Social Impact Management Framework:

1. Along with process and guidelines for undertaking social development issues, theFramework will also assist in identifying social safeguard impacts such as loss of livelihoodresulting from Project interventions, identify and deal with impacts on Indigenous Peoples,where project intervention may affect them, and guidelines for dealing with CulturalProperty and Chance Finds.

Stakeholder Consultation, Social Risks Screening and Social/Impact Assessment:

2. Under the SIMF it will also be possible to collect relevant information through a laid outprocess for stakeholder participation/consultation, and social risks screening during projectpreparation and implementation, with stakeholder inputs and feedback, for mitigation andmanagement of risks (should they arise).

3. The SIMF has been developed using the Bank's Operational Policies, e.g. InvoluntaryResettlement (OP 4.12), Indigenous People (OP 4.10) and Cultural Properties (OPN 11.03), as well asSri Lankan National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) and the guidelines of the SouthernTransport Development Project, for addressing impacts on vulnerable persons. The guidelines forparticipation process tasks are largely based on those suggested in the Bank's Social Analysis SourceBook (2003) and Social Assessment Policies and Guidelines (GP 10.05).

RSAP's Resettlement Policy Objectives

4. The principles and guidelines proposed in this framework are primarily aimed at avoiding orminimizing, to the extent possible, the hardships and impoverishment that may result from Project'sintervention, and mitigation of any adverse impact thereof at the household /community level. Alldecisions regarding design of construction work will be made, to the extent feasible, to facilitate theattainment of this objective.

Applicability and Scope of the SIMF

5. In keeping with the project objectives, the proposed principles and guidelines will also applyto PAP' s, who may be impacted through impacts on private land or other assets due to minor re-alignment.

6. Mitigation Principles

* Absence of legal title will not be considered a bar to compensation for non-land assetscreated by the public land users. Vulnerability of the project-affected persons, in terms ofeconomic, social and gender characteristics, will be identified and mitigated with appropriatepolicies.

* Where community-wide impacts are caused in the form of affecting community facilities,restricting access to common property resources, etc. the project will rebuild such facilitiesand provide for alternative access.

* The project executing agency and RDA will bear the costs of implementing the SIMF.

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Impact Mitigation Modalities

7. The following types of losses are expected to result from Project intervention and will be

mitigated.

Temporary displacement of mobile vendors and other vulnerable encroachers. The project willensure that their livelihood is not affected by helping to relocate them during construction phase

* Cut-off dates will be established to determine compensation eligibility of persons and theirassets. These are the dates on which census of the affected persons and their assets will betaken. Any claim for compensation by affected people after the cut-off date will beineligible for compensation.

* If there is acquisition of small pieces of land for realignment and improvements, the land

acquisition process of the government will be followed and compensation paid at marketrates.

* For impacts on fixed physical assets of affectees including structures, walls, gardens, gates,etc., located in the ROW and impacted by the project's construction intervention, the ownerswill be compensated at replacement cost.

* Encroacher-owners of the affected businesses will be compensated for temporary loss ofincome based on net income, or an one-time lump sum grant

* The project will identify and implement policies to mitigate any adverse impacts that areunique to any project locations and have so far remained unknown.

* In the situation of voluntary land donation, the Project will ensure the verification ofvoluntary nature of donation; that the land is unencumbered, that community basedmitigation measures are acceptable, that a grievance redressal system is in place, that theperson(s) give up all claim to the donated land and that the land is transferred in the name ofthe Government /Department.

Impacts and PAPs Eligible for Compensation Assistance

8. The mitigation principles and impact mitigation modalities are operationalized by definingand categorizing the potential impacts/losses which will qualify for mitigation. Besides these, anyunforeseen impact, as and when encountered, will be mitigated with appropriate measures. The

following will qualify for compensation:

* Unauthorized or informal users of public lands, such as squatters and encroachers, are noteligible for compensation for land, but for other losses covered by the mitigation policies.

* Business and Wage Income/ informal Users of public land: Vulnerable squatters andencroachers residing on public lands and undertaking income earning activities in the ROWwill be assisted to cope with the change.

* Provision of alternative permanent place: Temporary encroachers who have beenprovided with a permanent place for business earlier will not be eligible for assistances.

* Structures on Public Lands: All built structures would be compensated at replacement

cost.

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* Unforeseen losses/impact including: All other losses/impacts that are not known but mayget identified in PAP census will be mitigated with appropriate measures (where theyqualify).

* For adverse impacts on community facilities, such as educational institutions, places ofworship, graveyards, cremation grounds etc., no financial compensation will be paid directlyto affectees, furthermore, RDA will rebuild the affected facilities, or provide alternatives inconsultation with the user communities. Similarly for loss of income earning opportunities oraccess to crucial common property resources, the project will provide alternatives to restoreand improve their livelihood.

Compensation Payment

9. RDA with financial support from GoSL and implemented through the DS will pay all nonland compensations/entitlements as laid out in the entitlement framework to all eligible affectedpersons/households. Furthermore, all compensations and assistance to PAPs must be paid in fullprior to dispossession of affected assets in the project. For any land related impact (although notenvisaged) compensation will be paid under the Land Acquisition Act and payments be made atmarket rates.

Mitigation Entitlement Policy Matrix

10. For addressing impact/loss categories, entitlement and entitled persons, a CompensationEntitlemenit Policy Matrix has been developed (same as the Entitlement Matrix used by the ADBprojects and accepted by the GOSL). These are for known impacts/losses. Any other impact thatremains unforeseen or might be found unique to a subproject location will be included under'unanticipated adverse impact due to project intervention" of the Entitlement Framework.

6

COMPENSATION/ENTITLEMENT MATRIX OF THE PROJECT

Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement ResponsibilityType of loss Persons

A. AGRICULTURAL LAND

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Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement ResponsibilityTypeof oss Persons

Loss of Owner with All (cash) payments for land will be Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS,Agricultural title deed or at replacement costs. assets and LARC.land registration Cash payment for loss of standing restoration of

certificate crops and trees at market prices livelihood.

In case the AP loses 10% or moreof their productive, income Payment for loss of LARCgenerating assets and / or remaining income based onportion is economically not viable entitlement underfor continued use as determined by Land AcquisitionLARC, these options will be Act [46 1 (iii)] or asavailable:- determined by the

1) If opted by AP, the chief valuer.remainder land will beacquired at replacementcost if economically notviable. Reasonable timewill be given to harvestperennial crops if notpayment will be made atmarket value.

2) Preference will be given toAPs for land for landoption (similar location andproductive quality, subjectto availability OR cashpayment for loss of land atfull replacement costs.

3) Rehabilitation package -Items G2, G3 i, G 3 iii, ifstaying on the land and G3ii if required.

Cash Payment for loss of incomefor portion of land as per the landacquisition Act or as determined bythe chief valuer.

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Loss of access Tenant, user No payment for land. Payment to cover RDA, CV, DS,

to agricultural with lease Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and LARC.

land crops and trees at market prices, if restoration of

cultivated by tenant or user with livelihoodlease; AND

Cash payment for loss of netincome for portion of land affectedfor the remaining leased/assignedperiod; OR

Cash payment for loss of futureproduction for the lease period fromthe portion of land affectedequivalent to average annualincome from the portion of landaffected in preceding three years,whichever is the higher.

Assistance in negotiating a newlease agreement on alternative landif the AP does not wish to continueto cultivate land of reduced area.

In case remaining portion is notphysically possible for cultivationeconomically not viable forcontinued use as determined byCV, then assistance in negotiating anew lease agreement on alternateland of similar size and productivevalue if the AP cannot remain onthe land AND

Rehabilitation package - Items G2,G3 i, G 3 iii, if staying on the landand G3 ii if required.

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Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement ResponsibilityType o loss Persons

Loss of access Ande farmer No payment for land. Payment to cover RDA, CV, DS,to agricultural (sharecropper) Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and LARC.land crops and trees at market prices; restoration of

AND livelihoodTransition subsistence (in cash orkind) allowance equivalent to lossof crop or harvest for portion ofland affected for the remainingperiod of sharecropping agreement;ORCash payment for loss of futureproduction equivalent to averageproduction from the portion of landaffected in preceding three years,whichever is higher; ANDAssistance in negotiating a newsharecropping agreement onalternative land if the AP does notwish to continue to sharecrop landof reduced area.

Assistance in negotiating a newsharecropping agreement onalternate land of similar size andproductive value if the AP cannotremain on the land ANDRehabilitation package - Items G.2,G.3 i, G.3 iii if staying on the landor G3 i if required.

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-h~~~~~~~~~~~~


Loss of access Non-titled user No payment for land. Payment to cover RDA, CV, DS,

to agricultural or squatter on Cash payment for loss of standing lost crops and LARC.

land private land or crops and trees at market prices, if restoration ofstate land cultivated by him; AND livelihood.

Cash Payment for loss of futureproduction from the portion of landaffected equivalent to averageannual income from the portion ofland affected in preceding threeyears;If the AP has no other land orcannot remain on the land, the APwill receive the following:-

1. Cash payment for loss ofstanding crops and trees atmarket prices to thesquatter.

2. The project will provide ifavailable an alternative plotof land for cultivation ofequal productive valueunder rental / leasearrangements.

3. Rehabilitation package -Items G.2, G.3i, G.3 iii ifstaying on the land or G3 iiif required.

B. RESIDENTIAL LAND AND STRUCTURES

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Loss of Owner with All (cash) payments for land and Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS,Residential title deed or structure will be made at assets, assistance to LARC.land and registration replacement costs. reorganize onstructure certificate All payments at replacement cost in existing land or

material, cash, or a combination of relocate on alternateboth according to the actual loss to land and support forrepair or rebuild the structure to transition period.original or better condition whenremaining land sufficient to rebuildupon;

For structures not havingsufficient land to rebuild upon willbe entitled to the following:

1. All (cash) payments forland and structure at fullreplacement cost (formaterials and labour) inmaterial, cash, or acombination of both,WITHOUT deduction fordepreciation or salvageablematerials;

2. Assistance from LARC tolocate alternative plot forrelocation; OR relocation toa resettlement sitedeveloped by the project ifopted by AP.

3. Rehabilitation package G 2.l____l____|___ Shifting allowance see Gl.

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Type of loss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement ResponsibilityPersons

Loss of rental Tenant, user If there is partial loss of rental Cash payment for RDA, CV, DS,

accommodation with lease accommodation, AP has the option rental allowance or LARC.to stay with the owners agreement cash value ofOR if AP chooses to move out, remaining lease,cash assistance for 6 months rental assistance forallowance AND finding alternate

Assistance in finding new rentalaffordable rental accommodation accommodation andAND support during

Shifting assistance (Item GI i) transition period.

If there is complete loss of rentalaccommodation, AP has the optionof cash for the value of theremaining lease OR

Cash assistance to cover rentalarrangements for minimum periodof 6 months of equivalent standardand advance payments asdetermined by the chief valuer toowner on a case to case basis whichever is higher.

Assistance in finding newaffordable rental accommodationAND

Shifting allowance andRehabilitation package - Items G. 1ii and G.2.

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Loss of Non-titled No payment for land. Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS,residential user, non- All payments for structure at assets, assistance to LARC.structure permitted user replacement costs in materials, cash reorganize on land

or squatter or a combination of both according or provision ofto the actual loss for repairing or alternate site ifrebuilding the structure; AND choosing to relocateIf affected land is state land AP and support formay rebuild on the remaining land, transition period.and if affected land is private landthe project will encourage AP torelinquish the land and relocate onalternate land or resettlement siteprovided by the project;If APs can rebuild on existing landthen shifting assistance G 1 i.If AP has to relocate thenRehabilitation package - G I1ii andG2.

C. COMMERCIAL LAND AND STRUCTURE

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Loss of Owner / All (cash) payments for land lost at Project shall give RDA, CV, DS,

commercial operator of full replacement cost; reasonable time for LARC.

land and registered Payment at replacement cost in APs to continue their

structure business material, cash, or a combination of business operation

both according to the actual loss to while rebuildingrepair or rebuild the structure to their structures. APsoriginal or better condition when will rebuild theirremaining land sufficient to rebuild structure as soon asupon; payment is released

. ~~~and clear the area inPayment for any associated loss of the agreedincome while commercial structure the agreedis being rebuilt. timeftame.

is being rebuilt. Transition assistanceFor structures not having sufficient and incomeland to rebuild upon will be entitled restoration.to the following:

1. All (cash) payments forstructure lost at fullreplacement cost (formaterials and labour) inmaterial, cash, or acombination of both,WITHOUT deduction fordepreciation or salvageablematerials;

2. Assistance from LARC tolocate alternative plot forrelocation; OR relocation toa resettlement sitedeveloped by the project ifopted by AP on recovery ofthe undeveloped value ofthe plot.

3. For income losses cashpayment not exceedingthree times the averageannual net profits frombusiness, as shown by thebooks of accounts, for threecalendar years immediatelypreceding acquisition orlivelihood restoration grant,which ever is higher

4. Rehabilitation Package - G2 and G3 ii if required.

Shifting allowance see Gl.

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Loss of Tenant / If there is partial loss of structure, Cash payment for RDA, CV, DS,commercial operator of AP has the option to stay with the rental allowance or LARC.Structure registered owners agreement OR if AP cash value of

business chooses to move out, cash remaining lease,assistance for 6 months rental assistance forallowance AND finding alternateAssistance in finding new rentalaffordable rented premises to re- accommodation andestablish business AND support for incomePayment for any associated loss of losses and duringincome while commercial structure transition period.is being rebuilt.

If there is complete loss ofstructure, AP will be entitled to thefollowing:-

1. Cash for the value of theremaining lease OR

2. Cash assistance to coverrental arrangements forminimum period of 6months of equivalentstandard and advancepayments as determined bythe chief valuer to owneron a case to case basiswhich ever is higher AND

3. Assistance in finding newaffordable rental premisesto operate business.

4. For income losses cashpayment not exceedingthree times the averageannual net profits frombusiness, as shown by thebooks of accounts, for threecalendar years immediatelypreceding acquisition orlivelihood restoration grant,which ever is higher

5. Rehabilitation Package - G2 and G3 ii if required.

_____________ iShifting allowance see GI.

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Type of Iloss Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement ResponsibilityPersons

Loss of Owner or For structure - all payments for Payment for lost RDA, CV, DS,

commercial operator of structure lost at replacement cost in assets, transition LARC.

Structure non-registered material, cash, or a combination of assistance andbusiness / both according to the actual loss; income restorationsquatter AND

For income - cash paymentequivalent to 6 months income OR

Livelihood assistance grant,whichever is the higher; AND

If affected land is state land APmay rebuild on the remaining land,and if affected land is private landthe project will encourage AP torelinquish the land and relocate onalternate land or resettlement siteprovided by the project subject toavailability; AND

Rehabilitation package - Items G.2,and G.3 ii if required.

Shifting allowance see GI.

D. OTHER PRIVATE PROPERTIES OR SECONDARY STRUCTURES

Partial or Owners of All (cash) payments for affected Payment for loss and RDA, CV, DS,

complete loss structures structure at replacement cost; OR relocation if required LARC.

of other (regardless if Cost of repair of structure toproperty or the land is original or better condition; ORsecondary owned or not) Cash assistance for relocation ofstructure (i.e. structure.shed, outdoorlatrine, ricestore, animalpen etc)

Loss of tombs All owners All (cash) payments an amount of Payment for loss and RDA, CV, DS,

or graves Rs. 2000 up to Rs. 15,000 to cover relocation if required LARC.the cost of exhumation (includingany religious ceremonies ifrequired) and relocation

E. LOSS OF INCOME OF EMPLOYEES OR HIRED LABORERS

E.1 Temporarily Affected

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Type of loss XEntitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement ResponsibilityType o loss Persons

While business All affected Cash payment for lost salary/wages Businesses will be RDA, CV,re-establishes employees, for each month AP can not work; encourage to retain LARC(i.e. wage or daily OR existing employeesreorganizing on labourers in Assistance in securing new Payment for lostremaining land private or employment including relevant income duringor relocating in government skills training if required; AND business re-the same area) businesses Rehabilitation package - Items G.2 establishment

and G.3 ii if required by AP

E.2 Permanently Affected

Job loss due to All affected Cash payment for 6 months Payment for lost RDA, CV,relocation of employees, salary/wages and income, LARCbusiness to wage or daily Project will encourage employers to rehabilitationanother area or labourers in provide severance pay for package to providebusiness private or employees; AND support and incomeoperator government Preferential access to project restorationdecides not to businesses construction employmentre-establish opportunities; AND

Rehabilitation package - Items G.2and G.3 ii

F. TREES & STANDING CROPS (already included under A)

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Loss of crops Person who For owner, payment for crops and Payment for losses RDA, CV, DS,

and trees cultivates trees at market prices; Payment for trees LARCcrops and/or For tenant, payment for crops shall calculated on marketowns trees be paid to tenant; value on the basis of(regardless if For sharecropper, payment for land productivity,

the land iS crops shall be shared between type, age, andowned or not) owner and sharecropper according productive value of

to the sharecropping agreement; affected trees

For all - advance notice to harvestcrop; AND

Payment for net value of cropswhere harvesting is not possible;AND

Cash payment for loss of trees andstanding crops at market prices;ANDRights to resources from privatelyowned trees (i.e. timber orfirewood)

G. LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION & REHABILITATION ASSISTANCE

G.1 Materials Transport Allowance

i. APs Cash assistance (shifting Payment for RDA, CV,

Reorganization reorganizing allowance) of Rs 5000 disturbance and to LARC

of residential or or rebuilding AP/household assist in rebuildingcommercial on same plotstructure

ii. AP requiring Relocating Cash assistance (relocation Allowance to cover RDA, CV,

relocation for APs allowance) of Rs. 5000 up to an transport of LARChousing or amount of Rs 15,000' household orbusiness AP/household for transportation to commercial effects,

new location or site based on floor salvaged and newarea of the house in occupation building materialsbefore relocation.

Material transportation allowance rates include labor and transportation costs to another site and asdetermined by RDA based on the floor area of the house in occupation before relocation.

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Type of loss | Entitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement | ResponsibilityPersons

G.2 Transition Subsistence Allowance

Severe or Each member Subsistence allowance2 for the To provide support, RDA, CV,significant of severely transition period for EACH based on Rs. 400 per LARCimpact affected member of severely affected month per person.(including household household of Rs 400/ month/personrelocation) for a minimum period of 3 months

and similar assistance will befurther extended as assessed on acase to case basis.

G.3 Livelihood Restoration (Grant & Training)

i. Permanent APs/household Livelihood restoration grant - as Cash sum to offset RDA, CV,effects on cash assistance of Rs 15,0003 per income losses not LARClivelihood household (plus professional directly paid for, to

assistance and advice, if required, provide supportto invest funds or to set up a while business re-business at a commercially viable establishing or aslocation). Linked with skill start-up investmenttraining (as provided in item G.3 ii) for new business ifand as far as practicable shall be AP has to changeprovided in the form of productive livelihoodassets.

ii. Permanent Two members Training for up to two members Linked with need to RDA, CV,effects on of (male and female where applicable) start new business, LARClivelihood APs/household of AP households to receive skills access to existing or

and vocational training, to an development of newamount of Rs 4,0004 per member; training coursesAND depending on theTransition subsistence allowance needs of the APs(see Item G.2 above)

2 As determined through discussions with various relief agencies and social welfare organizations, theallowance has been based on a minimum number of kilocalories per month derived from different foods.For rice the minimum requirement will be derived from between 98 and 105 Kg per person per year oran average of 8.5 kg per person per month or about Rs.400/month/person.

3A grant amount to support business re-establishment or start up of new business linked to skilltraining. Rates determined through discussions for road projects currently under implementation forsimilar impacts and activities.

4Rates determined through discussion with road projects currently under implementation and relevantdepartments for similar activities.

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-L


iii. Permanent Severely Assistance to increase productivity Access to existing RDA, CV,effects on affected on remaining land (i.e. increasing agricultural LARClivelihood farmers cropping intensity, use of high extension services

remaining on yielding seeds, diversification and and development ofaffected land introduction of new seeds or crops new services as per

etc) and assistance to access the specific needs ofexisting subsidies. APs as identified

The project will fund two through consultationagricultural extensions officers for with them, support18 months, the cost is estimated at for access to existingRs 24,0005 per road plus assistance subsidies,to APs of Rs 3,000 each for development andfertilizers and seeds training from

Department ofAgriculture, TeaSmallholdingAuthority, AgrarianServicesDepartment,CoconutDevelopment Board,and Rubber ControlDepartment

SRates determined in consultation with Department of Agriculture.

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G.4 SpecialAssistance

Effects on Vulnerable A special grant of Rs 15,0006 per Assistance, over and RDA, CV,vulnerable APs APs including AP/household to improve living above payment for LARC

the poor, standards of vulnerable APs and lost assets, to reduceelderly APs, households impacts ofethnic Assistance to vulnerable resettlement whichminority households in finding suitable land canhouseholds, for relocation and shifting OR disproportionatelyfemale-headed provision of resettlement sites if effect the alreadyhouseholds, opted by the AP. vulnerable and toand disabled ensure that the

project does notsimply re-establishlevels of poverty,vulnerability ormarginalization

H. COMMUNITY ASSETS

Loss of Divisional Restoration in existing location of Full restoration of RDA, CV,buildings and Secretary affected community buildings, buildings, structures, LARCother structures division, urban structures, infrastructure and infrastructure,(schools, ward, village, common property resources to services or othertemples, local original or better condition; OR communityclinics, walls community or Replacement in alternative location resources byetc), local authority identified in consultation with contractor (costs toinfrastructure owning or affected communities and relevant be borne by project)(local roads, benefiting authorities; OR or payment for suchfootpaths, from at full replacement if agreement forbridges, community (Cash) Payment afulrpcentlocal authority orirr-igation, property, cost; AND community towater points or infrastructure Restoration of access to community undertake thecommunal or resources resources. restoration works.hand pumpsetc), commonresources (suchas watersupply,communityforests)

6Assistance to cover, over and above compensation for lost assets. As determined through discussionsfor road projects currently under implementation for similar impacts.

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Type of loss PEntitled Entitlements Intent/Requirement ResponsibilityTypeof oss Persons

Any Any unanticipated consequence of the project will be documented and mitigated based on the

unanticipated spirit of the principles agreed upon in this policy framework.adverse impactdue to projectintervention

Temporary loss of private land to obtain materials for fill and embankment during

construction

11. Temporary occupation contract between owner/title-holder and contractor will specify the

period of occupancy, terms and conditions, payment for material losses and other disturbances or

damages to property and rehabilitation and restoration measures agreed upon between both parties.

Land should be returned to the owner at the end of temporary acquisition period, restored to its

original condition or improved as agreed with the AP. Project and the contractor to ensure that

persons other than the owner affected as a result of temporary acquisition are compensated for the

temporary period. Extreme care shall be taken by contractors to avoid damage to public or private

property and where damages to public or private property occur as a result of construction works, the

AP (individual, household, authority, community or utility or service provider) shall be compensated

for damages to structures

Consultation & Information Dissemination

12. The project executing agency, RDA, will ensure that all stakeholders are consulted/informedabout the project's expected impacts, proposed impact mitigation policies, and implementing process

that would be followed. Stakeholder consultations will be an on-going activity during the planning

and implementation stages of the project/sub project. Stakeholder consultation will be inclusive of

all groups (particularly gender and vulnerable groups), participatory and transparent. Theconsultations will be aimed at seeking feedback on project design and its implication. In addition the

following topics will be discussed in greater details:

* principles and modalities adopted for mitigationAffected persons/households and assets eligible for compensation

* Grievance redress mechanism - its function, procedure to lodge grievances, etc* RDA's role in facilitating shifting of informal business located in ROW* Any other issues/topic deemed useful to explain the entitlement framework

13. The process will be documented with minutes of the meetings, dates, venues, number of

participants, issues/topics discussed, major feedback which may have policy implications for projectdesign considerations, and any agreements that may have been reached. Documentations will be

available to all stakeholders including IDA supervision missions.

Grievance Redress Mechanism

14. Those who are displaced from public lands, to which they have no legal rights, do not have

an opportunity to bring their grievances to any institutional entities. Besides, the Bank policyrequires borrowers to establish mechanisms to deal with issues that might be raised by the affected

23

persons, including informal users of public lands. The mechanism is meant to reduce conflicts in thecommunity.

Grievance Redress Committee

15. Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs) will be formed in each PadeshiyaSabha or other appropriate project locations and consist of the following five members:

Suggested Membership DesignationRDA official managing civil works in the area ConvenorMHAPCLG official assigned to the area Member-SecretaryHead of Padeshiya Sabha MemberA representative of civil society organization MemberA representative of concerned PAP/Stakeholder Member

Functions and Guidelines:

16. The procedure will seek to resolve issues quickly, amicably, and transparently andout of courts, in order to facilitate the project implementation. The decisions made by GRCs will bebinding on the project execution agency. To instil confidence and trust in the procedure, theconvenor will ensure that all decisions are made in formal hearings without interference of individualGRC members in favour of any particular PAP/stakeholder. The convenor will have the authority to:

* Reject a grievance redress application with any recommendations written on it by a GRCmember or any other person;

* Remove a recommendation by any person that may separately accompany the grievanceredress application;

* Adopt any other measures, in consultation with the Project Director, to ensure confidenceand transparency in the procedure.

17. The resident engineer will maintain a complaint register accessible to affectees and forwardthese to the GRC. The convenor will ensure that the grievance hearings take place within three tofour weeks of submission of an application. To ensure transparency, the GRCs will record thedetails of the grievances and the reasons that led to acceptance or rejection of the particulargrievances, and will make them available for review by the IDA supervision missions and otherinterested persons and entities.

Organizational Setup for Implementation: Roles and Responsibilities

18. Responsibility for the implementation of the SIMF will be vested in the Project Director andRDA. Furthermore, to build capacity within RDA, a "Unit" will be established and staff trained insocial and environmental matters. Despite the limited impact envisaged, (no land acquisition ordisplacement) there will however, be some field level implementation arrangements.

19. Roles and responsibilities of the major actors in the SIMF are as follows:

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* Divisional Secretaries (DS): Besides determining eligibility of PAPs to receive

compensation, the DS will conduct inquiry into compensation claims from PAPs andprocess and pay the compensation.

* Superintendent of Survey (SSs): After the right-of-ways are identified the SSswill survey the ROW encroached, names of the occupants and type of businessaffected. The surveyors will provide the DS with advance tracing drawings and listsof the affected persons

* Valuation Officers: In cases of disputes over PAPs' claims over compensation,Valuation Officers will independently assess, at request of DSs, the current marketprices of the affected properties.

* Staff of the "Unit" will carry out stakeholder consultation, social risks screeningand assessment for all sub-projects and obtain actual number of PAPs, etc. They willalso work closely with the Superintendent of Surveys and Valuation Officers. Theoffice of the Project Director and the "Unit" will monitor progress in tasks leading toproject implementation, and prepare progress reports for routine review by MOH,RDA and IDA.

20. PD and RDA will allocate the following specific responsibilities to the central and fieldbased staff in the "Unit" who will be assisted by resettlement/social consultants to:

* Carry out stakeholder consultation on project objectives, scope, and potentialadverse/positive impacts of project intervention; Undertake social risks screening (anddetailed social assessment, if necessary); and process the stakeholder feedback forconsideration in engineering designs.

* Explain the mitigation policies and measures of the project. Identify PAPs (who areinformal users of public land in the ROW) and process the entitlements stipulated in the

SIMF.

* Explain to the PAPs the grievance redressal mechanism and its scope, functions and theprocedure to bring grievances to the Grievance Redressal Committees (GRCs).Designated staff from the Unit will record the GRC proceedings and include summaryreports in the periodic progress reports.

* Plan, design and conduct census of the project affected persons and households listed bythe surveyors; and collect all information required to identify the losses; and determinethe entitlements, application guidelines and implementation issues as suggested in the'compensation/entitlement matrix'.

* During construction, the supervising engineers in the sites will ensure that theregulations regarding treatment of any Chance Finds are strictly observed. The ChanceFinds and the ways and means used for resolution will be developed.

21. Reporting

* Monthly updates of progress in preparation and implementation, of social development and

safeguards concerns disaggregated in terms of subprojects and/or Divisions; and

* Reports for formal supervision missions with the details of progress in all on-going SD

activities, and any issues that are known to be impeding progress.

22. Monitoring & Evaluation

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Implementation of the SIMF will be monitored by the supervision consultant and will bereported as a part of the overall progress reports.

Social Monitoring Indicators

* Number of affectees by gender* Number of qualifying for compensation by gender* Types of compensation/Assistance provided.

(a) Physical assets by type by number(b) Livelihood assistance by type by number_(c) Affectees relocated by numbers__ new location_(d) Land Acquisition by quantity_ _ _ method of acquisition(e) Affectees disposed without provision of immediate compensation by number

, reason_(f) Community property adversely affected by numbers types

mitigation measures provided(g) Loss of access to community property. Number of affectees

Type of property without access_(h) Any cultural property affected? Number Types(i) Number of grievances registered Number addressed

If not addressed provide reasons_

23. HIV/AIDS:

The Project will liaise with the HIV/AIDS Project in Sri Lanka to ensure that high risk groups aremade aware of HIV/AIDS risks, and that truckers are provided with preventive packages asdeveloped by the health project.

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PART TWO

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND SOCIAL

SAFEGUARDS SCREENING & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

1. Social/Social Impact Assessment is a common tool used for project preparation withcommunity participation. The information collected from communities is used as feed back toinform project design. Important aspects of the Social Assessment (SA) are that it should be

inclusive of all stakeholders and groups in the community, particularly, gender and vulnerable

groups. Where women are unresponsive in mixed consultations, efforts need to be made to obtain

their views separately. It should also obtain information on the culture of the area and an

assessment of social safeguards. Stakeholder's consultation is one of the mechanisms to obtain

information. The assessment also needs to provide participation and consultation strategy and a

grievance redressal mechanism

2. The objective of stakeholder consultation is to help verify the social issues that have beenpresumed to arise and to identify those which are not yet known or are unique to a sub-projectarea. These consultations are expected to be a two-way communication process with "feedforward" of information on the project's goals, objectives, scope and social impact implicationsto the project beneficiaries, and their 'feed-back' on these issues for the policymakers and project

designers. Consultations are expected to span the entire project period with varying focus oncommunity and stakeholder groups depending on the stages of the project cycle and significanceof the impact issues. Furthermore, they will also be used to explain the rights and responsibilities

of the different stakeholders. In addition, it will allow for public relations, informationdissemination and conflict resolution.

3. More specifically, the exercise will assist to: identify the stakeholder; determine the

stakeholder interests, which will be affected and/or enhanced directly and indirectly; determine theextent and bases of power and influence of the stakeholders and formal and informal interest groups;

and formulate a stakeholder participation strategy taking into account their stakes/interests,

powerbase and influence.

Consultation Methodology

4. Tools for community/stakeholder consultation will include open meetings, focus group

discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews, and in-depth hotspot meetings/discussions with thegeneral project beneficiaries and the project affected individuals and groups. Group-focuseddiscussions involving specific issues will follow as stakeholders and their interests and stakes

become clear. More focused discussions may follow informing of, and seeking feedback on specific

social safeguards impact mitigation policies and measures adopted in the SIMF.

Analysis and Documentation

5. To better understand the nature of their interests and stakes, stakeholders will be broadly

categorized into direct and indirect groups where the former include all persons formal and informal,who have business and sources of livelihood located in the ROW and affected by the Project

interventions. The second group in this category includes beneficiary and user groups (includingtransport owners and operators, traders, farmers contractors etc.), and the third group of direct

affectees are the relevant govemment departments and agencies who are directly involved in the

project planning and implementation process and donors providing assistance to this sector. The

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indirect group consists of Civil Society groups including NGOs, academia, professional, religious,occupational, and women's groups along with formal and informal groups interested in the transportsector.

Identifying the Stakeholder Interests and their Power and Influence

6. Stakeholder interests will be determined through queries and an assessment of their:stakes and expectations; expected benefits; interests that may conflict with project goals; andresources that stakeholders are able and willing to mobilize. The next step entails anassessment of their power and interest, level of organization and access to and control overinformation

7. All aspects of the consultation process will be documented and summarized for feedbackto project design and review. Summary documentations will include meeting records of thefollowing: -- Open meetings, focus-group discussions (FGDs) and hot-spot discussions, withdates, number, venues, number of participants, and other information deemed necessary.(Detailed notes and records will be kept and made available to interested parties.)

Formulating the Stakeholder Participation Strategy

8. Following identification of key stakeholders and their interests and influence, the next step isto ensure their participation and inputs in the project preparation and implementation process. TheRSAP Pirticipation Strategy will focus on all key stakeholders groups, a method for elicitingparticipation and timings of consultations to coincide with the different phases of the project cycle.All key stakeholder groups will be included keeping in view their power, interest and influence

9. The strategy identifies six stages in the project cycle -- from subprojects/roads identificationthrough monitoring of mitigation plan implementation, which will require different participationmethods, depending on the considerations suggested above. Below is a suggested format forstakeholder participation/consultation.

Suggested Format for Stakeholder Participation/Consultation

Project Cycle Stakeholder Groups Participation Method TimingIdentification PEA, MHAPCLG, Key Community Workshop and Group As per

Members, NGOs/CBOs Consultation projectschedule

Stakeholder Communities, Individual stakeholders, Open and Group Discussions As perConsultation NGOs/CBOs (Religious and Ethnic project

Groups, Trade Unions, etc.) scheduleSocial Safeguard PEA, MHAPCLG, Divisional Consultation & hotspot As perScreening Secretary, Consultant, Individual discussions with stakeholder project

Stakeholders and Groups... groups & individuals scheduleSafeguards Impact All Project-Affected Persons (PAPs) Survey of households & As perAssessment and Households affected assets, using project

structured questionnaires scheduleDetailed Design Consultants and Individual Consultation, Hot-spot As per

Stakeholders Discussion projectschedule

Implementation PEA, MHAPCLG, MOL, Div Implementation Monitoring As perSecretary, Padeshiya Sabha, Committee project

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Project Cycle Stakeholder Groups Participation Method TIndividual Stakeholders schedule

Monitoring PEA, MHAPCLG, PS, WB and Participatory Monitoring As perIndividual Stakeholders project

scheduleEvaluation PEA, MHAPCLG, PS, WB, Participation in Review and As per

Stakeholders, NGOs/CBOs Monitoring projectschedule

Social Screening and Safeguards Impact Assessment

10. Project identification stage the purpose of social screening (along with identification

of impacts of safeguards), is also to get an idea of potential positive impacts that could be

reinforced to maximize the project's social development outcomes. Among other, social

screening may include the following

* Who are the affecters ( dis-aggregated by gender and income levels)

* Any female headed household affected* Any vulnerable group affected ( disabled, old and marginalized group)* Determine the severity of impact by groups of affectees* What fixed assets are affected ( specify physical structure)* Any land affected?* Who owns the land* How will the land be acquired ( lay down the process)* Any business or sources of livelihood affected ( provide by groups of affectees)

* Indigenous groups affected? If yes, what is the severity of impact?* How will they compensated?* Does the Project pass through areas where there may be cultural sites or where

Chance Finds may exist (consultations and information from archaeologydepartment to assist)?

* Any possibility of the Project impacting on community property e.g. religious sites,burial grounds, etc. If yes, how should it be compensated?

* Any public utility affected (telephone/electric poles and lines, railway tracts, etc.

* Is there a dispute mechanism available at community level for resolving local leveldisputes? If yes, specify. If no, then how are conflicts resolves informally

11. Social screening should be done through consultation and use of secondary and census data.

The depth of investigation may vary in terms of significance of the safeguards and non-safeguardsissues. As formal community/stakeholders consultations begins, social screening serves to verify the

feedback received from consultations and the results of stakeholder analysis, and gather more

focused feedback/inputs for overall project design. Social screening also indicates the need for andscope of social/impact assessment. Documentation of social screening inputs will demonstrate that

verifiable efforts have been made to minimize the project's adverse impacts.

12. Social screening for RSAP will primarily focus on the safeguard impacts and will identifythe probable types and magnitude of losses, which each of the subprojects would cause and thenumber and type of persons affected. This would indicate whether or not a RP or an AbbreviatedRP, and an IPDP would be required. Screening will be done for all potential impacts that have been

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included in the policy frameworks, which will be assessed in greater details for preparation andimplementation of the action plans.

Social Assessment and Safeguards Impact Assessment

13. Thus for preparation of Social Assessment/Impact Assessment the following activities willbe undertaken:

* Community consultation and social risks screening and assessment

* Census of the project-affected persons and assets

* Establishment of Cut-off dates for each subproject

* Analysis of the census data

* Review of the mitigation policies and PAP consultation (if necessary)

* Formation and operationalization of Grievance Redress Committees

Detailed social / impact assessment will be carried out for the individual subprojects. The will assistin preparing the social component of the project, validate the application of guidelines specified,identify unanticipated impacts and provide mitigation measures The exercise will also provide thebaseline data for the application of the social safeguard policies.

Methodology

14. Impact assessment will utilize both qualitative and quantitative information, both ofwhich will be gathered together. In cases of issues with widespread qualitative implications, theproject will use rapid appraisal methods, such as participatory rural appraisals, focus-groupdiscussion, key informant interviews, etc. Collection of quantitative data will rely on householdsurveys consisting of all affected persons/ households and affected assets under all subprojects.Both qualitative and quantitative assessments will use structured questionnaires which will bedesigned with respect to the following:

* Socioeconomic profiles of the different categories of project affected persons, relating tohousehold size, education, landownership, occupational structure, and other informationthat would indicate the extent to which loss of lands and any other income earningactivities might affect the concerned households. [Will also cover the indigenouspeoples.]

* income and asset profile of the area

* Roads located in areas inhabited by indigenous peoples, for settlement pattern, culturalcharacteristics, relationship with the mainstream population, land tenure, occupationalstructure and socioeconomic vulnerability.

* Physical cultural properties, as defined in the framework, with documentation ofhistorical and/or cultural significance.

* Any safeguards triggered? Safeguards provided identified in annex I

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ANNEX - I

SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS

OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement

1. Bank's experience indicates that involuntary resettlements under development projects, ifunmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: production systemsare dismantled; people face impoverishment when productive assets or income sources are lost;people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and thecompetition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks weakened; kin groupsare dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help arediminished or lost. This policy includes safeguards to address these impoverishment risks.

2. Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring allviable alternative project designs. Where not feasible to avoid resettlement, it should be planned andexecuted as sustainable development programs with sufficient investment to enable PAPs to share inproject benefits. Displaced persons should be consulted and have opportunities to participate inplanning and of resettlement programs. Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts toimprove their livelihood and standard of living or at least return them in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. This policy may be triggered by involuntary taking of land, loss of asset or loss ofaccess to asset or livelihood/income

3. Displaced persons may be classified into: i) those with formal legal rights to land (includingcustomary and traditional rights recognized under the law of the country)ii) those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claimto such land or assets provided that such claims are recognized under the law or become recognizedthrough a process identified in the resettlement plan.. iii) Those who have no recognizable legal rightor claim to the land they are occupying.

OP 4.10 Indigenous People

4. The World Bank recommends that any investment project that affects indigenous peoplesshould prepare an Indigenous Peoples' Development Plan (IPDP) consistent with the its policy OP4.20 on Indigenous Peoples. As the proposed Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) will focus onproject components requiring only maintenance and rehabilitation and minor improvements whichwill be carried out on the existing alignments and is not expected to impact on Indigenous Peoples(IPs). However, should any Indigenous People get identified in the project area, an IPDP will beformulated in conformity with OP 4.10 and cleared from IDA

Definition of Indigenous Peoples

5. The RSAP will use the World Bank's guidelines to identify IPs in particular geographicareas by examining the following characteristics:

* Close attachment to ancestral territories and natural resources therein;

* Self-identification by the IPs themselves and identification by others as members of distinctcultural groups;

* Use of an indigenous language often different than the predominant language (even if theyuse other languages in dealing with the non-indigenous peoples);

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* Presence of customary social and political institutions; and* Presence of a primarily subsistence production system.

6. In fostering full respect for their dignity, human rights and cultural uniqueness, a Bank-financed project has to ensure that indigenous peoples do not suffer adverse impacts in thedevelopment process, and that they receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits. TheBank policy (OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples) requires that the sub-projects be carefully screened toidentify whether there are indigenous peoples living in the project areas, and that informedparticipation of the IPs themselves must be the undertaken to identify local concerns andpreferences through direct consultations with the IPs and incorporation of indigenous knowledgeinto project planning approaches.

OPN 11.03 Management of Cultural Property

7. Physical culture includes monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of "outstandinguniversal value" from the historical, aesthetic, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological point ofview, including unrecorded graveyards and burial sites, and unique natural environmental featureslike canyons and waterfalls. Within this broader definition, cultural property is defined as sites andstructures having archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, or religious significance,and natural sites with cultural values.

8. The general policy objective of the World Bank (OPN 11.03 on Management of CulturalProperty in Bank-Financed Projects) is to assist in their preservation, and seek to avoid theirelimination. The Bank adheres to the following project financing policies:

* The Bank finances only those projects that are sited and designed so as to preventsignificant damages to non-replicable cultural property. This policy pertains to any projectwhere the Bank is involved, irrespective of whether the Bank is itself financing the part ofthe project that may affect cultural property.

* Deviation from this policy may be justified only where expected project benefits are great,and the loss of or damage to cultural property is judged by competent authorities to beunavoidable, minor, or otherwise acceptable. The Bank also requires a discussion withspecific details for their justification in the documents.

9. Sri Lanka has a rich physical cultural heritage and sites which are inseparable parts of herpolitical and cultural history. It is expected that the works carried out under the proposed RoadSector Assistance Project (RSAP) are unlikely to pose a risk of damaging the known culturalproperties. Existing documentation of cultural property, including unique environmental sites, willbe carefully reviewed during feasibility study of the new roads.

Chance Finds of Artefacts

10. Even if the new roads are aligned to avoid damages to cultural properties, chance finds ofmoveable and immovable cultural or historical artefacts remain during construction works. Thus,

* Whenever chance finds are made during the construction of the roads, the contractor willimmediately informn the project execution agency which will, in turn, inform the governmentdepartment concerned with cultural property.

* The project execution agency will be responsible for securing the artefacts from theft,pilferage and damage until the responsibility is taken over by the relevant authorities.

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* Failure to report a chance find immediately by the contractor will result in cancellation of

the contract and punishment according to the relevant laws.

* These conditions and procedures regarding chance finds will be included as standard

provisions in the construction e documented in details and made available for IDA review

and other interested persons and entities.

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