public disclosure authorized el 098 - world...

El 098

INDIA

TAMIL NADU EMPOWERMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION

PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

AND

TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

January 25, 2005

Government of Tamil Nadu

Social Welfare Department

Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project

Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank)

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................ 6

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 20

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .201.2 RATIONALE FOR MAINSTREAMING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES .201.3 OBJECTIVE OF PREPARING TEG'S AND EIMM .. 20

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK .. 211.5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .. 21

1.5.1 Preparation Of TEGs ........................................................... 211.5.2 Preparation Of Environment Implementation & Monitoring Manual .................. 21

1.6 DELIVERABLES ........................................................... 22

2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ........................................................... 23

2.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 23

2.2 REGULATORY FRAMEW ORK ........................................................... 232.2.1 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS ........................................................... 232.2.2 Article 48-A of the Constitution ........................................................... 232.2.3 Article 51-A of the Constitution ........................................................... 23

2.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - ENVIRONMENT . .................................................. 232.4 MANDATORY ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS ............................................ 24

2.4.1 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 .242.4.2 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 .242.4.3 Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 .242.4.4 Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 1990 .242.4.5 Water (Prevention And Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Tamil Nadu Water(Prevention And Control of Pollution) Rules, 1974 .......................................................... 242.4.6 ... The Water (Prevention And Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977/Amended 2003:......... ................................................................................................................................ 25

2.4.7 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 and Tamil Nadu Air(Prevention of Control of Pollution) Rules 1983 ............................................................... 252.4.8 Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989/ 2000/2003 ........ 252.4.9 Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989/ 2000 ........................... 252.4.10 Other Regulations .................................................................... 25

2.5 COMPETENT REGULATORY/MONITORING AGENCIES .......................................... 26

3. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE BASE .................................................................... 30

3.1. INTRODUCTION .. 30

3.2. PHYSIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS .. 303.3. CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS .. 30

3.4. LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS .. 313.5. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE .. 31

3.6. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE BASE .. 32

3.7 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES & ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES . .343.8 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS .. 44

3.8.1 Soil Degradation .443.8.2 Water Resources - Overview .453.8.3 Ground Water Resource .453.8.4 Shallow Ground Water Quality .453.8.5 Critically Polluted Areas .46

4. CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RANKING & CATEGORIZATION OF ACTIVITIES .50

4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................ 504.2 CRITERIA OF RANKING ........................ 50

2Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducbon Project

Technical Environmental Guidelines (Vvorld Bank)

4.3 CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RANKING .................................. 504.4 CONCLUSION .................................. 56

5 TECHNICAL EVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES (TEG) . .58

5.1. INTRODUCTION . . . 585.2. GENERIC GUIDELINES . . .585.3. TEG FORMULATION . . . 605.4 SPECIFIC GUIDELINES AND BEST PRACTICES . . .60

Agro Based ... 605.4.1 Arca bark processing ............... 605.4.2 Spirulina Culture ............... 615.4.3 Mushroom Cultivation ............... 625.4.4 Agriculture Activities ............... 635.4.5 Vermi-composting ............... 645.4.6 Sericulture ............... 65Animal Related .665.4.7 Slaughtering/ Meat Processing .665.4.8 Poultry .685.4.9 Pig Rearing .695.4.10 Inland& Coastal Fishery Activities .70Recycling . . .715.4.11 Recycling Industry - Paper Recycling .715.4.12 Recycling Industry - Aluminum recycling .725.4.13. Recycling Industry - Plastic recycling .735.4.14 Tyre Retreading .74Food Based ... 755.4.15. Oil & Vanaspati .755.4.16 Milk production & distribution (small dairy) .765.4.17 Jam, fruit juices and pickles .775.4.18 Small canteen, tea stall, tiffin, idli, dosa & snack making .785.4.19 Papad Making .795.4.20 Tamarind Processing .805.4.21 Masala Powder Making .81Chemical Based . . .825.4.22 Paints & Varnishes!Soaps & Detergents!Cleaningpowder!Dyes & DyeIntermediates . . . 825.4.23 Fabric Dyeing .835.4.24 Pesticides Storage & Formulations (Small Scale Units) .855.4.25 Plaster of Paris & Plaster of Paris Products .875.4.26 Matchsticks making .885.4.27 Cement Pipe Making .895.4.28 Ceramics / Poffery .905.4.29 Glass .915.4.30 Paper Mache Toys .925.4.31 Silver Anklet Making .935.4.32 Tissue Paper .94Highly Air Polluting . . .955.4.33 Stone Crushing .955.4.34 Charcoal Production .965.4.35 Briquette Industry .975.4.36 Brick Kiln .985.4.37 Lime Kiln .995.4.38 Grain and Rice Mill .100Dry Activity [Minimal water use for washing purposes and mixing] ... 1015.4.39 Sambirani (Dhoop Making) .101

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducron Project


5.4.40 Candle Making .................... 1025.4.41 Beedi Making .................... 1035.4.42 Wood Carving .................... 1045.4.43 Coir Rope making .................... 1055.4.44 Leather Good Manufacturing .................... 1065.4.45 Pottery and Terracotta Items .................... 1075.4.46 Water harvesting structure .................. : 108

5.4. SITE SPECIFICATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND

HEALTH CONSIDERATION . 110

5.5. ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL ACTIVITIES . 110

5.6. ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ACTIVITIES . 110

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK .128

6.1 INTRODUCTION .. 128

6.2 APPLICATION OF EMF .. 1286.2.1 Application of EMF during Sub-project Planning . .1306.2.2 Application of EMF during Sub-project Implementation . .132

6. 3 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND AUDITING .. 1326.3.1 Environmental Supervision .1326.3.2 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing .132

6.4 CONCLUSION .. 133

7. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND BUDGET. 134

7.1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................1347.2 PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ....................................................... 1347.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMF .......................... 137

7.4 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING ......................................................... 1397.5 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ......................................................... 1407.6 BUDGET ......................................................... 141

Annexure - 1 MINAS StandardsAnnexure - 2 Profile of resources in Tamil NaduAnnexure - 3 Likely Sources of Pollution for Existing Activities in DistrictsAnnexure - 4 Evaluation Location - Site SpecificAnnexure - 5 Evaluation of Location II - Natural Resource SpecificAnnexure - 6 Groundwater SituationAnnexure - 7 MapsAnnexure - 8 Identified HotspotsAnnexure - 9 Cumulative RankingAnnexure - 10 Environmentally Friendly activitiesAnnexure - 11 Negative ListAnnexure - 12 WHO Classification of PesticidesAnnexure - 13 Format of QuestionnaireAnnexure - 14 List of Stake HoldersAnnexure - 15 Form A-1, A-2 and A-3Annexure - 16 Guidelines for EIA

4

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducbon Project

Technical Environmental Guidelines (Wodd Bank)

Glossary of TermsAcronym DetailTNCDW Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of WomenPLF Panchayat Level FederationLFT Livelihood Facilitation TeamVPRC Village Poverty Reduction CommitteePFT Project Facilitation TeamSHG Self Help GroupGS Gram SabhaDPIU District Project Implementation UnitDLBSG District Livelihood and Business Support GroupSPMU State Project Management UnitCRP Community Resource PersonDERP District Environmental Resource PersonVLP Village Livelihood PlanCDD Community Demand DriverCIG Common Interest GroupCOM Community Operation ManualIPM Integrated Pest ManagementDTCs District Training CentersBIS Bureau of Indian StandardsMoEF Ministry of Environment and ForestsEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentBDM Business Development ManagerTEG Technical Environmental GuidelinesEIMM Environmental Implementation and Monitoring ManualSWD Social Welfare DepartmentGoTN Government of Tamil NaduPRI Panchayati Raj InstitutionsNGOs Non Governmental OrganisationCPCB Central Pollution Control BoardCRZ Coastal Regulation ZoneTNPCB Tamil Nadu Pollution Control BoardEMP Environmental Management PlanIEE Initial Environmental ExaminationTNEB Tamil Nadu Electricity BoardBOD Biochemical Oxygen DemandCOD Chemical Oxygen DemandERM Environmental Resource Manual



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Government of Tamil Nadu (GOTN) through the Social Welfare Department (SWD) isinitiating the process of preparing Tamil Nadu Empowerment and Poverty Reduction project.The objective of the project is to improve the livelihood and quality of life of rural poor in thestate (particularly women and other disadvantaged groups) through social, economic anddemocratic empowerment. This project aims to organize vulnerable people for collectiveaction; strengthening community organizations and local governments to provide inclusive,responsive and accountable governance; improve the opportunities for the vulnerable tomeet their social and economic objectives; mitigate the risks faced by them and build andmaintain their productive and non productive asset base. The project will improve the contextwithin which poor people operate by enhancing the performance of service providersincluding financial organizations and local government.

The project has four components that include Institutional and Human Capital Development;livelihood improvement funds, vulnerability reduction; and project management. GOTN hasapproached World Bank to finance this project. One of the major components of the projectis creation of micro enterprises through the livelihood funds in the entire state. These fundswill support development of micro-enterprises, rural infrastructure and services such as smallconnecting roads, bridle paths, mule tracks and bridges, village schools, small healthcenters, village ponds, micro water harvesting and conservation structures, integrated pestmanagement, agriculture based micro processing industries and other micro industries,minor irrigation, livestock management, etc. The expected investment for each enterprise willaverage Rs 2 Lakhs. This project has been classified as Category "B" by the World Bank.The project is expected to have limited environmental impacts, which requires partialenvironmental assessment. Therefore, there is a need to mainstream environmental issuesat the planning stage of the project.

The Activities, which are proposed to be undertaken under this project, are given in Chapter3.

The main objective of this assignment is to address adverse environmental impactsassociated with the investments during planning and implementing of sub-projects throughdevelopment of Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs) and EnvironmentalManagement Framework (EMF), which will be integrated into an Environmental ResourceManual (ERM) as a part of Community Operation Manual (COM). TNCDW has entrusted thejob of preparing the TEGs and EMF to IRG Systems South Asia Private Limited.

The TEGs have been prepared to serve as a guide to improve the decision-making andensure that sub-projects being considered for financing have environmental and socialsafeguards. They provide guidance on good practices including mitigation and enhancementmeasures for negative and positive environmental impacts respectively. They are supportedby pictographical sketches for easy implementation in the field.

The EMF includes an implementation and monitoring plan, institutional measures, andcapacity building plan for effective implementation of the TEGs.

At first, the prevailing environmental regulatory framework in the state has been described interms of Constitutional Provisions and different acts. Further, the environment resource baseof Tamilnadu has been described with respect to natural and man-made resources. Theseresources are supported by physiographic characteristics and climatic conditions of thestate. The existing and proposed activities and environmental issues associated with theseactivities have been described with respect to natural and manmade resources. An effort hasbeen made to assess environmental hotspots and stressed area in the state. The natural

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduction Project 6

Technical Environmental Guidelines (Wordd Bank)

resource base complements the man-made resources, which forms the basis of livelihoodactivities. The man made resources have been classified into demography, agriculture andindustries. Agricultural activities have been classified into percentage cultivable area andcropping pattern. The industrial activities have been classified into small, medium and largescale industries existing in the state. The profile of these resources in each district issummarized in Annexure 2.

Demographically, the state has adverse female to male ratio (98 Females for 100 Males).56% of the total population is rural. The rural area has adverse female to male ratio (99females to 100 males). The state has 65% literacy rate. Literacy rate in rural population is49%. Male literacy rate is higher than female literacy rate in rural areas. 44% of the totalpopulation is the worker population in the state. Rural workers account for 50% of the totalrural population. Marginal workers are 19% of the total rural workers. Female marginalworkers account for 60% of the total marginal workers in rural area.

Nineteen districts out of twenty seven districts in the state have perennial source of water.Forest cover (% landuse) ranges from 1.52% in Thoothukudi to 53% in Nilgiri district. Exceptfor Chennai, Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Karur, Dindigul, Theni, Virudhunagar, Thoothukudiand Kanyakumari districts, all other districts have mineral resources. All districts exceptChennai have cultivable area. This is an indicator of agriculture as one of the main sourcesof livelihood. Districts Sivagangai and The Nilgiris have lowest cultivable area (21-30%)while Thiruvarur have highest cultivable area (81%). All districts except Chennaiproduce cash crops including fruits, vegetables, spices, tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber anddifferent types of nuts. Apart from the conventional sources of energy, the state has non-conventional sources of energy, which includes wind, solar, tidal and biomass. The state hasgenerating capacity of 9299 MW, comprising 2970 MW from four Thermal Stations, 424 MWfrom three Gas Turbine Stations, 1987 MW from 32 Hydro Stations, 988 MW from Privatesector Projects, 2452 MW as Tamil Nadu's share from Central Generating Stations and 400MW as external assistance. Existing generating capacity from privately owned wind farms is1342 MW. Tamilnadu Electricity Board (TNEB) owned wind farm generate 19 MW. Thedistribution network comprises 1,44,032 circuit kilometers of extra high tension (above 33kV) and high-tension (11 kV to 33 kV) lines, 4,67,847 circuit kilometers of low-tension lines,1044 substations, and 1,54,321 distribution transformers. Small-scale industries constitute80% of the industrial base in Tamil Nadu, while medium and large-scale industries accountfor 5.3% and 14% respectively. Nilgiri district has the lowest number of industries whileSalem is the most industrialized district in the state. Karur district has lowest number whileCoimbatore has highest number of large and medium scale industries.

A sample survey of six districts was carried out to understand existing activities and identifyenvironmental issues associated with them. A questionnaire (refer Annexure 13) wasformulated and relevant information was collected from each district through primarysampling. Meetings were also held with different stakeholders during primary & secondaryfield survey. List of stakeholders met is compiled in Annexure 14.

These activities can be categorized into five different groups based on their nature, waterrequirement, raw materials used and method of production. These groups are agro-basedactivities, wet processing industries, animal based activities, recyclable activities and dryactivities. Annexure 3 summarizes district-wise existing list of activities, their classification(wet, dry etc.), sources of pollution and existing practices being followed.

The proposed activities having significant environmental impacts may add to the existingpollution level in each district. Therefore, baseline status of each district in the state hasbeen assessed and also the surface water quality assessment of Central Pollution ControlBoard (CPCB) has been followed for the classification purposes.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduction Project

Technical Environmental Guidelines (Vorld Bank)

Further, hot spots and stressed areas including blocks in each district have also beenidentified with respect to ground water availability and quality, surface water availability andquality, changes in forest cover, pollution in coastal areas, proximity to ecologically sensitiveareas like wetland, mangroves etc., ambient air quality status (residential and Industrial) andhot spots as identified by TNPCB.

Cumulative environmental ranking of each activity has been carried out to determine thelevel of pollution and mitigation measures required to mitigate the impacts. Further, eachdistrict in the state has been appraised and ranked as per cumulative environmental ranking.This will assist in determining the type of proposed activity, which a district can sustain givenits status of pollution and environmental resource base. The criterion for categorization ofproposed activities has been fixed based on their pollution potential with respect to Airpollution, Water Pollution and Solid waste generation. Each of the parameter has beenmeasured on a scale of 0 to 1. The lower value indicates environmentally safe activity.These rankings have been arrived at considering the existing process and scale ofoperations, along with other environmental concerns in majority of the districts.

The environmental categorization of each activity assists in defining the TechnicalEnvironmental Guidelines (TEG), which should be implemented for mitigation of impacts. Elcategory activities require generic TEGs as the extent of pollution from these activities areexpected to be insignificant. However, pollution potential from E2 & E3 category activitiesmay be significant. Therefore, E2 & E3 category activities require specific TEGs. A list ofactivities/related activities requiring specific TEGs is provided in Chapter 5.

Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs) have been formulated based on environmentalcategorization of existing/proposed activities in order to mainstream environmentalsafeguards at all levels of implementation. These guidelines have been described at threelevels.

Level 1: Generic Guidelines, which are applicable to all activities irrespective of nature andscale of operations.

Level 2: Specific Guidelines, with respect to each activity.

Level 3: Recommended best practices for each activity.

1. Specific guidelines and best practices have been described pictographically describingeach process. These guidelines are supported by site-specific design and engineeringand infrastructure considerations, which should be followed during implementation.Further, process diagram of primary and secondary effluent treatment and a list ofnegative activities and environmental friendly activities have been described.

The generic guidelines for air, water and solid waste management are given below.

Attribute GuidelinesAir * Store loose materials either indoors or under cover

. Make sure that equipment lids fit tightly

. Tanks should be covered* Use dust suppression techniques such as water sprays on

areas of the site that will give rise to dust clouds. Dust containment cum suppression system for the equipment;. Construction of wind breaking walls.. Construction of the metalled roads within the unit's premises.



. Regular cleaning and wetting of the ground within thepremises.

. Growing of a green belt along the periphery of unitWater * Protect surface water drains to prevent water pollution.

* Only clean, uncontaminated surface water should bedischarged to the surface water drainage system.

* All surface water runoff from refuelling areas should beisolated from general yard drainage and drained to an oilseparator

. Store all chemicals in an area where spillages will becontained viz impermeable bund.

I Inspect the bund regularly and remove any accumulatedrainwater.

. Ensure that adequate measures are taken to prevent pollutingrun-off from the site or wash-out from entering drains and/orwatercourses.

* Label containers holding liquid wastes and store themsecurely on site while they await disposal so that they cannotescape into drains, watercourses or surrounding ground. Anyaccidental spills must be properly and effectively containedand cleaned up.

Solid Waste . Separate out contaminated materials from clean ones andstore them safely.

. Identify the waste types and quantities that the activity is likelyto produce.

. Leachate collection and treatment system must be provided.

. Segregate the different types of waste that arise fromactiviites.

. Storage of all potentially polluting substances should belocated on impermeable surfaces with controlled drainage.

. Waste reduction by:* ensuring adequate storage space for materials* having a dedicated stores compound to reduce the

amount of materials damaged or wasted;. Label all waste containers. Do not dispose empty containers, containing residues of the

original contents. Maintain a high standard of housekeeping on site

Specific TEGs have been described with pictographical representation in the report.

In order to ensure that the environment is not compromised in the process of livelihoodgeneration, an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) has been developed for theproject. The framework approach has been adopted so that the environmental aspects canbe adequately addressed for a vast range of sub-project activities that could be potentiallyproposed by the communities and supported by the TNEPRP.

Components of EMF

The EMF lays out the road-map for the activities pertaining to the environmental aspects ofthe sub-projects that have to be carried out at the planning, approval and implementationstages of the sub-project cycle. The specific objectives of the EMF are:

* To mitigate adverse environmental impacts of proposed sub-projects.



. To enhance the environmental benefits of sub-projects, and promote livelihoodactivities that are environment-enhancing.

* To ensure the long term sustainability of benefits from sub-projects by securingnatural resource base on which they are dependent

The EMF comprises of the following components:* Environmental appraisal procedure for categorization of sub-projects and triggering

of appropriate mitigation measures (presented in Chapter 4)* Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs), which have been developed to address

the environmental concerns associated with the specific sub-project activities likely tobe supported by the TNEPRP (presented in Chapter 5). These are complemented bya list of sub-project activities that would not be supported by the TNEPRP due to theirnegative environmental consequences. (Annexurel 1)

* Environmental monitoring and evaluation Plan (presented in Chapter 6)* Environmental Training and Capacity Building (presented in Chapter 7)

The procedures and materials that have been developed as components of the EMF for theTNEPRP will be compiled as the "Environmental Resource Manual" for the Project, whichwill aid in the implementation of the EMF at various levels and stages of the sub-projectcycle.

APPLICATION OF EMF

The EMF will be applied to all the sub-project activities supported by the TNEPRP, throughthe planning and implementation stages of the sub-project cycle. The planning stageincludes the development of the Village Livelihood Plan by the VPRC.

The steps that describe the application of the EMF in the above mentioned stages of thesub-project life cycle are explained in the following Table:

EMF Activities in the Sub-project Cycle

m Agency EMF Activities Outcomes

10Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project


s RAgesponsib EMF Activities OutcomesAgency

VPRC, with A. Development of Village Livelihood VLPhelp of LFT, Plan (VLP)PFT, andCRPs.

B. Submission of VLP to DLBSG forVPRC appraisal

c. Environmental Appraisal of VLPDLBSG . Environmental appraisal is a * Record of

part of the over-all appraisal of recommendations and(DLBSG the sub-project activities conditions for finalappoints an comprising the VLP. approval, for each sub-Appraisal * Environmental appraisal project in the VLPTeam (AT); checks for absence of the * Completed form A-i forthe proposed sub-project activities each sub-projectEnvironment from the list of "negative" comprising the VLPand Eco- activities.friendly * Appraisal includesLivelihoods environmental categorizationofficer (El, E2, or E3) of the sub-designates the project activities in the VLP.Environment * Completion of Form A-1 forAppraiser on each sub-project activitythe AT) comprising the VLP

. Relevant TEGs (from theERM) are attached to Form A-1 for each sub-project activity.

* Conditions for finalenvironmental clearance are

-u, also recorded in Form A-1.D

c D. Appraised VLP returned to VPRCcu

c E. VLP Communications Campaicncu

DLBSG F. Submission of individual sub-proiect proposals to VPRC or PLF * Environment-related* Form A-2 to be completed by information required for

VPRC and sub-project proponent the final clearance isGram Sabha made available (Form A-

G. Environmental Assessment of 2)Sub-project individual sub-proiect proposalsproponent . Ensure that TEGs and other

measures recommended . Final environmentalduring the VLP appraisal clearance provided for(Form A-1) are incorporated El and E2 class sub-

VPRC Sub- in the proposal. projects that meet theprojects Sub- * Ensure that the requirements requirements stipulatedcommittee ( as stated in Form A-1) for in Form A-1(with help of final clearance are met. * El and E2 class sub-DLBSG if * For El and E2 class sub- projects that do not meetrequired) projects, the proposal is the requirements are

cleared at this stage if the sent back to the sub-requirements in form A-1 are project proponent, for

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Pri ject * If the sub-project activity is * Completed Form A-3 forTechr ical Environmental Guidelin s (World Bank) classed E3, ensure that EIA El and E2 class sub-

is conducted and report project proposalssubmitted with the proposal. . For E3 class sub-

O Responsible EMF Activities Outcomesi Agency

Environmental H. Evaluation of the EIA report (for . Final decision for E3Appraiser on E3 sub-proiects) class sub-project

: AT . Sub-project proposal activity proposals.is rejected if the EIA report * Completed form A-3 for

0)c: does not adequately address E3 class sub-project0X the anticipated proposals._) environmental impacts.E * If the EIA report isc acceptable, the sub-projectD.. proposal is given the final

environmental clearance andforwarded to the VPRC.

DLBSG I. Monitoring and Evaluation . Half-yearly audits, with5% of the El and E2 class * afyearly audits,in wipothsub-projects in operation are yearly monitoring reportsrandomly selected for

o0 environmental monitoringeach year.

a) . All E3 class subprojects areEa) monitored for the specifiedQL parameters at the monitoringE frequency stipulated in the

monitoring plan prepared asa part of the EIA.

Application of EMF during Sub-project Planning

According to the institutional design of the TNEPRP, the Village Poverty ReductionCommittee (VPRC) is charged with developing a Village Livelihood Plan (VLP). The VPRCwill develop this Plan with the help from the Project Facilitation Team (PFT), CommunityResource Persons (CRPs), etc. and will submit the VLP for a technical appraisal to theDistrict Livelihoods and Business Support Group (DLBSG).

The DLBSG will appoint an Appraisal Team (AT), to conduct a technical evaluation of thesub-project activities that comprise the proposed VLP. The AT will include an EnvironmentalAppraiser, who will be responsible for the environmental appraisal of each of the proposedsub-project activities. Specifically, the environmental appraisal will include the following for

each sub-project activity comprising the VLP:

* Check for absence from the list of activities not supported by the project due to theirserious adverse environmental impacts (Annexurel 1)

* Environmental impact categorization (El, E2 or E3), per the methodology presentedin Chapter 4.

• Prescription of relevant TEGs from the Environmental Resource Manual, suggestionsfor enhancing the positive environmental impacts for the proposed activities, andsupplementary conditions for approval, for all the activities approved at this stage.Sub-project activities in the E3 category will have the mandatory requirement ofconducting an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).



Form A-1 (refer Annexure 15) will be completed by the Environmental Appraiser for eachsub-project activity comprising the VLP. One copy of the form will be sent back (with theappraised VLP) to the VPRC, and one copy will be for the DLBSU.

After the VPRC receives the approved VLP, it will be presented to the Gram Sabha andsubsequently disseminated in the village population, through a communications campaignorganized around the sub-project activities comprising the VLP.

It is at this stage that a Self Help Group (SHG) interested in a particular sub-project activitywill begin to prepare a sub-project proposal. In addition to considering the financial,technical, resources and livelihood aspects of the proposed activity, the SHG will alsoconsider the environmental aspects of the proposed activity in the chosen geographic andnatural resources setting. The SHG may take assistance from the CRPs and the PFT, in theconsideration of the environmental aspects of the proposed activity. The SHG will berequired to fill the Form A-2 (refer Annexure 15) and enclose it with the activity proposal.The Form A-2 is required to ensure that all the suggestions and conditions outlined in theForm A-1 are met by the activity proposal. This form will also provide the relevant site-specific environmental information.

Once the sub-project activity proposals are submitted to the VPRC (or the PLF), they will beforwarded to the Sub-projects Sub-committee of the VPRC for appraisal. During theappraisal, the sub-committee will verify that:

. The TEGs recommended in the Form A-1 have been incorporated in the activityproposal

. Any modifications for environmental enhancement suggested in the Form A-1 havebeen incorporated in the activity proposal

. Any conditions mandated for final environmental clearance outlined in the Form A-1have been met.

Form A-3 (refer Annexure 15) will be used to record the extent of compliance of the sub-project proposal with the requirements stipulated in the Form A-1. For the sub-project activityproposals categorized as El or E2 during the VLP appraisal, the VPRC sub-projects sub-committee will only need to ensure that the requirements and suggestions outlined in theForm A-1 have been incorporated in the proposal. Final environmental clearance will beprovided at this stage for El and E2 class sub-projects.

For the sub-project activities categorized as E3 during the VLP appraisal, the sub-committeewill ensure that the required EIA has been conducted by the SHG. The activity proposal andthe EIA report will be forwarded to the DLBSG for review. The review would be conducted byan Environmental Appraiser appointed by the DLBSG. If the EIA report is found toadequately address the environmental issues associated with the proposed sub-project, theDLBSG will issue the final environmental clearance. Otherwise the sub-project proposal willbe returned to the proponent through the VPRC. The final environmental clearance (orrejection) would be recorded on Form A-3.

The essential requirements of EIA report are outlined in Annexure 16.

Application of EMF during Sub-project Implementation

The EMF activities during the sub-project implementation phase pertain mainly to monitoringand evaluation, which is described in the following section.

ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND AUDITING

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project 13


Environmental Supervision

At the district level, the DLBSG staff would be responsible for verifying that the EMF is beingcorrectly and adequately implemented. The Eco-friendly Livelihoods and EnvironmentOfficer at the DLBSG will have the specific responsibility for ensuring that the EMFguidelines and processes are being followed, and that the recommended TEGs are beingimplemented for all the sub-projects in the district. For this purpose, the Eco-friendlyLivelihoods and Environment Officer at the DLBSG will identify a district-levele environmentagency which will conduct the environmental supervision of the sub-projects. Thesupervision will be conducted every six months, and reports shall be submitted by thecontracted agency to the DLBSG, which will include it in their overall supervision report tothe SPMU.

A sample of the El and E2 class sub-projects would be randomly selected for environmentalsupervision. Every six-months, 5% of the El and E2 class sub-projects in operation will besupervised.

All E3 class sub-projects will be supervised in accordance with the environmentalsupervision and monitoring plan prepared as a part of the EIA. The environmentalparameters to be monitored and the frequency of supervision will be specified in theenvironmental management plan prepared for the E3 class sub-projects.

Environmental supervision would focus on ensuring that:

* the measures aimed at mitigating the adverse environmental impacts and enhancingthe positive environmental impacts are being implemented adequately

* the recommended measures (as stipulated in Form A-1 and/or in the EIA) areeffective

* any unforeseen adverse impacts on the environment are acknowledged andaddressed

Environmental Monitoring and Auditing

The SPMU will contract a consultancy and environmental audit of TNEPRP to an externalagency once in two years to assess the effectiveness of the EMF implementation. Theexternal agency will be an independent civil society organization with capacity in the area ofenvironmental management and consulting. The principal objectives of the consultancy andthe audit will be the following:

* Assess the technical viability and user-friendliness of the processes and procedurescomprising the EMF developed for TNEPRP.

* Assess the accuracy of application of the environmental screening process* Assess the implementation and effectiveness of the mitigation measures and TEGs* Report qualitatively and quantitatively on the sub-projects cumulative impact on the

environment, including the impact of the environment-enhancing sub-projects* Explore for possible areas of conflict between environment conservation and

livelihood generation, and report on the effectiveness of EMF from poverty alleviationperspective.

* Evaluate the implementation of community environmental awareness andsensitization programs.

* Understand the changing environmental conditions and emerging environmentalconcerns in the TNEPRP areas, and recommend revisions to the EMF in this regard


Technical Environmental Guidelines (Vvorld Bank)

Depending on the results of the above evaluations, the consultancy/audit must rate theenvironmental performance of the TNEPRP in accordance with the World Bank criteria asdescribed below:

1. Highly satisfactory: Projects where the environmental components are beingimplemented in a timely and satisfactory manner.

2. Satisfactory: Projects where there are some unpredicted impacts but they do notundermine the progress of execution of projects and are addressed by theresponsible agency.

3. Unsatisfactory: Projects where there are major problems in execution due tounexpected environmental impacts, and where the EMF is not being implementedproperly.

The terms of reference for the external environmental consultancy and audit will includedetails of the sample, scope of the audit and details of the key environmental parameters tobe monitored.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The project administration will be organized at the state, district, block/cluster, and villagelevels. A brief description of the major project implementation agencies is provided below:

State Project Management Unit (SPMU): At the state level, the SPMU will be responsiblefor the overall project. In addition to the responsibilities for coordination and guidance of theproject, the following are some of the specific responsibilities of the SPMU:

* Financial management at state level* Sourcing and hiring of staff at state and district levels* Identifying and positioning facilitating agencies at cluster level

Appointing resource organizations for institution and capacity building, livelihoods,communications, monitoring and evaluation, environment, etc.

* Developing modules for campaigns, communications, capacity building etc. atvarious levels.

* Developing the process flows for key activities of the project* Facilitate the policy environment in favor of institutions of the poor and enhance pro-

poor orientation in governance at various levels* Convergence and partnership support

District Livelihood and Business Support Group (DLBSG): The DLBSG will beresponsible for all the project activities in the district. The following are some of the specificresponsibilities of the DLBSG:

Identification and management of resource agencies/groups for various aspects ofthe sub-projects.

* Providing support to SPMU in identifying facilitating agencies* Capacity building of facilitating agencies, VPRCs, SHGs, etc.

Building panels of technical appraisersManagement of funds flow to VPRCs

* Monitoring and learning

Project Facilitation Team (PFT): The PFT will operate at the block/cluster level, and will beresponsible for the following activities:

* Communication campaigns during project entry into the village* Identification of poor through a participatory process* Formation of VPRCs* Support in mobilization of the poor into groups

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project 15Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank)

* Support in building the capacities of groups and their federations* Support to VPRCs in livelihood analysis and in developing village livelihood plans* Support in sub-project process* Support in implementation of livelihoods plan* Support in monitoring and evaluation

Village Poverty Reduction Committee (VPRC): The VPRC will be the agency responsiblefor implementing the project in the Gram Panchayat. The following are some of the specificresponsibilities of the VPRC:

* Ensure the formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and to ensure that the poor arecovered under the SHGs

* Ensure participatory planning for the enhancement of livelihoods of the poor.* Development of village livelihood plan* Appraisal of sub-project proposals

Coordination of funds flow to the sub-project implementing groups and monitoring ofsub-projects implementation

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMF

SPMU Level:

At the state level, the Business Development Manager - Livelihoods Planning andEnvironment (BDM-LP&E) will be responsible for the overall environmental aspects ofTNEPRP activities. The BDM-LP&E will be placed in the SPMU, and will be charged with theeffective implementation of the EMF, including the environmental training program and theexternal environmental audit for the whole project (to be conducted once every two years).

DLBSG level:

At the district level, the DLBSG staff will include an Environment and Eco-friendlyLivelihoods Officer. Some of the specific tasks of the Environment and Eco-friendlyLivelihoods Officerwill be:

* Identification and capacity-building of resource persons at district level for creatingcapacity for environmental appraisal of village livelihood plans and sub-projectproposals

* Identification and capacity-building of resource agency for conducting environmentalaudits of the project activities

* Ensure environmental appraisal of village livelihood plans and sub-project proposals* Supervision of environmental assessment process* Serve as master trainer for environmental management training programs* Facilitation of external environmental audits* Implementation of specific environment-enhancing sub-projects

Block and Village levels:

While the environment-related project positions are limited to the state and district levels, theTNEPRP will aim to develop capacity for environmental management at the block and villagelevels as well, through environment sensitization and awareness campaigns. To this end, thecampaigns will target capacity building in the village and block level agencies like the VPRCand the PFT, as well as in the Community Resource Persons (CRPs).



The project institutional structure with the above-mentioned environment-related positions ispresented in the following Figure

Proiect Organizational Structure

GOTN

TNCDWState level

Environmental AgencySTATE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (Env. Trainina and Audit)

District Livelihood 8 Business Support GroupApasDistrict level (includes Environment and Eco-friendly Livelihoods Officer) Appraisal Team (includes. ~~Environmental ADDraiser)

I \ t { + ~~~~~~~~~ Environmental Agency lI \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(District Level)

I \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Environmental Audits

... ... .... .... .... ... .. ... .. .... ..... .. . .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. ... ....... .... ........... ... .... ....................................................................................................... ............t

Block levelI ............. ....... . ... .. ... .... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. . .. .. ... .. . . ... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ..... ..

Project Facilitation Team

l -- | Fed~~~~~~~~~eeration of | | ActivityCluster level (10 Panchayat) - SHGS/PLF Federations

Village Level

S ;-\\ ,.,,,, ,.,. L VVPRC CRoemmunityFL

Grantitems

: ::4 L~~~~~oan items Activity\( < 5 t)(Subpro~~~(Suprjects) s op



TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING

The training program developed for the TNEPRP aims at building environmental awarenessand environmental management capacity in the project administration structure as well as inthe intended target communities. The training programs for the staff in the project agenciesat various levels as well as for the village communities will be organized by an EnvironmentAgency, which will be given the overall responsibility for environmental training and capacitybuilding on a state-wide basis.

The training program has two distinct objectives:* to develop and enhance capacity for environmental management in the project

implementation agencies, and* to create environmental awareness and sensitization in the target communities

Technical Training for Environmental Management

The Environment Agency will develop a specific training program for the key officials of theproject, focused on the procedural and technical aspects of environmental assessment andmanagement. This training would be mandatory for Environment and Eco-friendlyLivelihoods Officers and the Environmental Appraisers from the DLBSG of each district.

The training will involve initial orientation, main training program and refresher trainingprograms. The main and refresher training programs will be for a duration of 2-3 days each,where as the initial orientation workshop will be of duration of one day. Refresher trainingprogram will be offered once every year. The main themes of the content of the trainingprogram will be:

* Environmental overview* Need of environmental impact assessment studies* Tools and techniques for environmental assessment* Environmental mitigation measures* Environmental regulations and Acts* Pollution- its classification, monitoring* Environmental Management Framework: Familiarization with the Environmental

Resource Manual (ERM) for the TNEPRP* Micro-level activities and environmental related issues.* Technical environmental guidelines - Techno-economically viable treatment options

including raw material handling, proper system for collection, segregation and storage.* Reduction, recycle and reuse options.* Eco-friendly technologies and its importance.* Coastal based activities and its limitations.* Energy needs- use of non-conventional and renewable energy sources.* Proactive environmental intervention through innovative sub-projects* Conservation of natural resources* Disaster and crisis management

General Training for Environmental Awareness and Sensitization

For the purpose of general environmental awareness and sensitization, the master trainersat the Environment Agency will develop a Core Group of Trainers (CGT) in each district. Inaddition to other members, the CGT will include the Environment and Eco-friendlyLivelihoods Officer and the Environmental Appraisers from the DLBSG of each district.Ideally, the CGT in each district would have at least 5 trainers. The CGT trainers will in turntrain the trainers, who may be the key officials in the village/block level agencies of their



region as well as the interested community resource persons (CRPs). These trainers willthen target the communities in their respective regions, focusing on the following topics:

' Linkages between environment and poverty* Basic concepts in environment and ecology* Environmental issues in the community/region* Micro-level activities and environmental related issues.* Technical environmental guidelines - Techno-economically viable treatment options

including raw material handling, proper system for collection, segregation and storage.* Waste-reduction, recycle and reuse options.* Eco-friendly technologies and its importance.* Coastal based activities and its limitations.. Energy needs- use of non-conventional and renewable energy sources.* Conservation of natural resources.

The training programs will be organized regionally and will be designed to reach extensivelyin the target communities. It is intended that each community will get exposure to at leastthree environmental awareness programs during the five-year project period.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

All environmental information collected through the monitoring and evaluation components ofthe TNEPRP will be integrated into the Management Information System (MIS) of theTNEPRP. The information will be updated regularly and integrated in to the databases of thestate and regional environment agencies.

BUDGET

No. Particulars Amt. Amt.

(Rs. Mill.) (.000 US $)I DLBSG:

(a) Sub-project Environmental Audits 4.00 88.889

[2 audits/district/year x 5 years x 8 districts][Rs 50,000/ audit]

2 Environmental Agency:

(a) Technical Training: Env Assessment 4.00 88.889

(incl. Material + All Cost of Resource Persons)

(b) General Training: Env Awareness 5.00 111.111


(c) Project Environmental Audit and Consultancy 5.00 111.111

(every two years)

TOTAL: 18.00 400.000

Note: The exchange rate used is $1 = Rs.45



1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

The State of Tamil Nadu (TN) is the 8th poorest among the fourteen major states in India.The state has 21% of its population living in acute poverty. Poverty is pervasive in ruralareas, where rural poor also lack basic services. The Government of Tamil Nadu haslaunched a number of programs for alleviating poverty in rural areas. Although it allocates agood proportion of its planned budget to social welfare and rural development programs,some of these programs have not delivered expected results. The benefits from theseprograms had little impact on the vulnerable population. Further, locally elected governingbodies in the rural areas (Panchayati Raj Institutions / PRls) are not fiscally oradministratively empowered to deliver services to the poor. Therefore, the government ofTamil Nadu (GoTN) through the Social Welfare Department (SWD) is initiating the processof preparing Tamil Nadu Empowerment and Poverty Reduction project.

The objective of the project is to improve the livelihood and quality of life of rural poor in thestate (particularly women and other disadvantaged groups) through social, economic anddemocratic empowerment. This project aims to organize vulnerable people for collectiveaction; strengthening community organizations and local governments to provide inclusive,responsive and accountable governance; improve the opportunities for the vulnerable tomeet their social and economic objectives; mitigate the risks faced by them and build andmaintain their productive and non productive asset base. The project will improve the contextwithin which poor people operate by enhancing the performance of service providersincluding financial organizations and local government.

The project has four components that include Institutional and Human Capital Development;livelihood improvement funds, vulnerability reduction; and project management. GoTN hasapproached World Bank to finance this project. The project complements other operationssupported by the World Bank in Tamil Nadu including Tamil Nadu Health Project, TamilNadu Water Resources Consolidation Project, Tamil Nadu Rural Water Supply andSanitation Project, and the TN Urban Development II project.

1.2 RATIONALE FOR MAINSTREAMING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

One of the major components of the project is creation of micro enterprises through thelivelihood funds in the entire state. These funds will support development of micro-enterprises, rural infrastructure and services such as small connecting roads, bridle paths,mule tracks and bridges, village schools, small health centers, village ponds, micro waterharvesting and conservation structures, integrated pest management, agriculture basedmicro processing industries and other micro industries, minor irrigation, livestockmanagement, etc. The expected investment for each enterprise will average Rs 2 Lakhs.This project has been classified as Category "B" by the World Bank. The project is expectedto have limited environmental impacts, which require partial environmental assessment.Therefore, there is a need to mainstream environmental issues at the planning stage of theproject.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PREPARING TEG'S AND EIMMThe main objective of this assignment is to address adverse environmental impactsassociated with these investments during planning and implementing of sub-projects throughdevelopment of Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEG) and EnvironmentalImplementation and Monitoring Manual (EIMM) as part of Community Operation Manual.



TNCDW has entrusted the job of preparing Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs) andEnvironmental Implementation and Monitoring Manual (EIMM) to IRG Systems South AsiaPrivate Limited. The following sections describe the scope of work, approach andmethodology & deliverables.

1.4 SCOPE OF WORKThe TEGs have been prepared to serve as a guide to improve the decision-making andensure that sub-projects being considered for financing have environmental and socialsafeguards. They provide guidance on good practices including mitigation measures fornegative environmental impacts respectively. They are supported by pictographicalsketches for easy implementation of subactivities.

The EIMM includes an implementation and monitoring plan, institutional measures, andcapacity building plan for effective implementation of the TEGs.

1.5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGYTEGs & EIMM have been prepared by using the following approach & methodology:

1.5.1 PREPARATION OF TEGsTask I - Identification of sub-projects likely to be supported under theprojectActivities and sub-projects that are likely to be considered for support underthe project have been identified after discussion with TNCDW, consultations,and analysis

Task 2 - Analysis of major environmental features and design of eachsub-project categoryEnvironmental aspects of each of the activities / sub-projects have beenidentified, assessed and analyzed for individual and cumulative environmentalimpacts after meeting environmental experts, universities, environmentalcenters, NGOs, SHG, etc.

Task 3 - Preparation of draft Technical Environmental Guidelines(TEGs)TEGs have been prepared both as a set of generic and specific guidelinesthat will be used by implementing agencies to minimize and check theadverse environmental impact of sub-project activities in rural areas. TEGsoffer an outline design of sub-project activities integrating environmentalfriendly features and modifications, including a plan to prevent or mitigatecumulative negative impacts as a result of similar but multiple small-scaleinvestments. Relevant regulatory requirements, standards along with theenvironmental aspects have been integrated into the guidelines to provide thelocal implementing agencies with an understanding of the environmentalsignificance of various proposed activities of the project.

Task 4 - ConsultationsSubsequent to the formulation of draft TEGs, consultative meetings were heldin different districts to obtain comments and improve support for TEGs.

1.5.2 PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENT IMPLEMENTATION & MONITORING MANUAL

Task 5 - Environmental concerns of other sub-projects (not coveredunder TEGs)


Specific procedures have been developed to address the environmentalconcerns of the projects not covered under TEGs. These procedures give anoutline of various steps to be followed in dealing with new projects that falloutside the scope of TEGs. This also includes a negative list of sub-projectsthat will not be funded due to potential adverse environmental impacts.

Task 6 - Administrative structure for Technical EnvironmentalGuidelines (TEGs)A draft administrative structure has been designed to include proposeddivision of responsibilities between local, district and state levels for theapproval of sub-projects, implementation of TEGs and contracting ofenvironmental assessments when necessary. Provision has been made forspecific procedures for consultations with affected groups in assessing andmitigating environmental impacts of sub-projects.

Task 7 - Develop a capacity building and awareness - raising programIn order to ensure the sustainability of project, capacity building andawareness raising programs have been incorporated in the project. Thisincludes defining staffing and resource requirements based on roles andresponsibilities under the draft administrative structure. Specific trainingneeds and responsibilities have been clearly defined to ensure thatadministrative roles are adequately fulfilled. Description of awareness raisingrequirements and responsibilities have been carried out to help beneficiarygroups to prevent and reverse environmental degradation.

Task 8 - Develop a supervision & monitoring plan to verify theeffectiveness of TEGsReporting and verification requirements, specifying appropriate indicators toensure that the procedures defined in the administrative structure areeffectively applied have been prepared. Various parameters, data sources,and reporting frequencies have been identified to ensure that the TEGs areable to prevent environmental degradation.

1.6 DELIVERABLESThis report consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 gives the introduction, rationale and majorobjectives of the project. Chapter 2 explains the regulatory framework in Tamil Nadu.Chapter 3 defines and describes the environmental resource base, including both naturaland man-made resource base of the state. Chapter 4 describes the environmentalcumulative ranking process and identification of environmentally critical activities. Chapter 5describes the technical environmental guidelines (TEGs) for the identified list of activities.Chapter 6 describes the environmental due diligence and Planning procedures. Chapter 7describes organizational structure, capacity building and budget.

-22Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project


2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

2.1 INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental laws play preventive as well as remedial roles in environment management.These laws are prime catalysts for promoting environmentally responsible development.There has been an evolution of environmental policy, laws and regulatory regime in India,after the Stockholm Conference on Human environment in June 1972. This resulted in theformation of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Central Pollution Control Board at thecentral level and State Pollution Control Boards at the state level. The nodal ministry fordrafting the rules related to the Environmental Safety is the Ministry of Environment &Forests (MoEF), Government of India. While the MoEF formulates the acts, the responsibilityfor implementation of acts falls under the jurisdiction of the state governments. CentralPollution Control Board (CPCB) plays an advisory role in the formulation of acts andlegislations at the level of central government, whereas the implementation is carried out bystate pollution control boards/committees. Each of the state government is empowered toensure stricter compliance under the given regulatory framework provided by the MoEF.

The TEGs have been framed as per World Bank operational directives to institutionalizeenvironmental safeguards at the planning stage so that compliance is ensured for specificactivities. The policies, regulatory framework, mandatory laws, which will influence projectactivities under this project are summarized in the following sections.

2.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORKIn India, constitutional provisions, define the basic policy framework for environment at thecentral and state level.

2.2.1 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONSThere are specific constitutional provisions for ensuring environmental safeguards as a part ofrural governance. The 73rd constitutional amendment empowers gram sabhas / panchayats atthe village level to take necessary steps for management of areas under them, includingprotection of environment and sustainable utilization of the natural resources.

2.2.2 ARTICLE 48-A OF THE CONSTITUTIONThis article states that the "State" shall endeavor to protect and improve thenatural environment.

2.2.3 ARTICLE 51-A OF THE CONSTITUTIONThis article provides details about the fundamental duties to be followed by every citizen of thiscountry. This article states that it is the duty of every citizen to protect and improve the naturalenvironment.

2.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - ENVIRONMENTRegulatory framework related to environment has been described with respect to various actsand regulations.

TAMIL NADU TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ACT 1971This act appoints and empowers local planning authorities to plan for an urban area and/ordesignated areas. This involves preparation/implementation of Master Plans specifying land use.The plan delineates land for residential, industrial, commercial, agriculture, recreation, forestsand mineral exploitation; demarcates objects and boundaries of archaeological/historical interest;



and identifies new towns/cities, transportation and communication facilities, water supply,drainage, sewerage, sewage disposal and other public utilities and amenities. This act alsoempowers local planning authorities to assess, levy and recover development charges for theland.

At an organizational level, the act envisages three classes of authorities: regional planningauthorities; local planning authorities; new town development authorities and the constitution of aTown and Country Planning Board.

2.4 MANDATORY ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

Mandatory environmental laws applicable in the state are both related to pollution andnatural resource management. The summary of the applicable laws in the state is givenbelow.

2.4.1 ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986

This is an umbrella act, which focuses on the pollution and natural resourcerelated issues. Under this act EIA notification was enacted in 1994. Thisnotification requires an environmental impact assessment for any industrialactivity if it falls under Schedulel. However EIA may not be required for any ofthe activities under this project, as they may not fall in the categories listed inSchedule 1 of this notification.

2.4.2 FOREST (CONSERVATION) ACT, 1980

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 was enacted to halt rapid deforestation and environmentaldegradation. Without approval from the Central government, State governments cannot de-reserve forest land or direct its usage for non-forest purposes. Activities falling in reserved forestareas need a clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India.

2.4.3 WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT, 1972

This Act seeks to protect wildlife, by creating protected areas, prevent illegalpoaching and controlling trade in wildlife products. If activities under theproject encroach into protected area then requisite permission must beobtained from the concerned State Wildlife Department.

2.4.4 COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ) NOTIFICATION, 1990

This notification under Environment (Protection) Act 1986 supplements the lawon site clearance by declaring certain zones as CRZ. It also regulates activitiesin these zones. Further, GoTN has also issued orders regulating developmentwithin 500 m from the high tide level. Under the proposed activities, if there isoccurrence of effluent discharges within 500m from the high tide line and otherdeclared sensitive areas implementation of mitigation measures is requiredbefore the commencement of operation of such activities.

Under this act, Tamil Nadu State Coastal Zone Management Authority cameinto existence in 1998.

2.4.5 WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1974 AND TAMIL NADU

WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) RULES, 1974

These rules seek to control pollution of water and enhance the quality of water.Under these rules, it is mandatory to obtain consent for discharge of effluentsand pay consent fees to Tamil Nadu State Pollution Control Board (TNSPCB)for any projects causing water pollution within the jurisdiction of the TNSPCBoperations.



2.4.6 THE WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) CEss ACT,19771AMENDED 2003:

This Act provides for levy and collection of a cess by local authorities on waterconsumed by persons or industries to augment resources for Pollution ControlBoards.

2.4.7 AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT 1981 AND TAMIL NADU AIR(PREVENTION OF CONTROL OF POLLUTION) RULES 1983

These rules address the prevention and control of air pollution. Under theserules it is mandatory to obtain consent for discharging emissions and payconsent fees to TNPCB for any projects causing air pollution.

2.4.8 HAZARDOUS WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 1989/2000/2003These rules address handling of hazardous substances that fall under specifiedschedules. Proposed activities may require handling of specified substanceswherein plans/ measures for safe handling and emergency preparedness shallbe prepared for safe operations.

2.4.9 SOLID WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 198912000

These rules address management and handling of municipal solid wastes. Theproposed activities may require handling of specified substances wherein plans/measures for safe handling and emergency preparedness shall be prepared forsafe operation.

2.4.10 OTHER REGULATIONS

Other regulations, which may be applicable, are given below.

* The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001* The Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999/ Amendment 2003* Prohibition on the handling of Azo dyes* The Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998/ 2003* The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, amended 1992* The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960/ The Prevention of Cruelty to

Animals (Establishment and Regulation of Societies for Prevention of Cruelty toAnimals) Rules, 2001

* The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Slaughter House) Rules, 2001

Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) looks after compliance to variousenvironmental regulations in the state. TNPCB was constituted to enforce 8 key legislationsrelating to the control of pollution. The major functions of TNPCB with respect to all kinds ofindustrial units is to sanction, consent to establish and consent to operate:

Different activities have been classified under "RED", "ORANGE" and "GREEN" categoriesby TNPCB. "RED" and "ORANGE categories imply that mitigation measures shall beplanned to control pollution. Activities qualifying under the following criteria are labeled as"GREEN" industries.

All non-obnoxious and non-hazardous industries,

All such industries which do not discharge industrial effluent,



All such industries which do not use fuel in their manufacturing process or in any subsidiaryprocess and which do not emit fugitive emissions.

2.5 COMPETENT REGULATORY/MONITORING AGENCIESSince proposed activities are assumed to be at micro scale, regulations/ acts/ lawsapplicable only for air & water pollution resulting from each activity have been described intable 2.1. These regulations/ acts/ laws are in addition to "Environmental Protection Act",1986, which covers all the related environmental issues.

Table 2.1: Activities and Environmental RegulationsActivity Legislations *

Air WaterAgro Based

Floriculture / Nursery

Vegetable growing

Fruit Cultivation

Pepper processing

Spirulina Culturing

Vemi composting . @

Betel leaf cultivation / Sea wood cultivation

Cashew cultivation, flower cultivation

Tea Plantations

Land reclamation, waste land cultivation

Wet Processing Activities

Idli and Tiffin

Canteen/ ! v

Jam making

Pickle making

Pappad Making

Arca bark processing v

Soap Making

Detergent Powder Making

Mutton stall

Match Factory

Papier-mache toys

Oil extraction from Neem nuts/leaves

Brick Kiln / Lime Kiln v k

Animal Related Activities

Milch Animal rearing v

Goat Rearing k

Pig Rearing


Technical Environmental Guidelines (Worid Bank)

Activity Legislations Poultry Rearing

Sericulture

Milk animals

Dry Activities

Bamboo Basket Weaving

Hiring of Utensils

Gem cutting

Rice mill

Leather sleepers and other leather products

Tailoring

Jute Bag Stitching

Carpentry

Wood Carvings

Garland from waste silkworm cocoons

Readymade garments

Stuffed Toys

Coir Rope Making

Greeting card Preparation

Book Binding

Beedi Making

Public Distribution system

Petty Shops

Pottery/Terracotta items

Tamarind Processing

Spices Powder (Masala)

Plates made of Leaves

Sea Shell ornaments

Candle Making

Provision Stores

Agarbatti

Silk thread twisting

Silk Sari Weaving

Herbal Plant collection and Herbal medicine preparation

Fish Drying

Eversilver polishing

Coal Making

Creamic dolls/pottery

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducbon Project 27


Activity Legislations *

Fish net makingRecycling Activities

Aluminum Recycling

Other Activities Listed as per TOR

Detergents/soap, Paints & Varnishes, Dyes & Dyeintermediates, GluePesticides (storage & production)

Inland coastal fishery activities, fish meal products

Prawn cultivation

Diary/Animal Rearing v

Piggery (including slaughter houses)

Plaster of Paris

Cement pipe making

Bio fertilizer / Vermi-Composting

Fabric dyeing

Paper & Tissue Paper making

Aluminum Foil Making

Spring steel wire making

Tyre Retreading

Plastic recycling two

Plastic v v

Activated carbon from paddy Husk v

Cleaning powder from fly ash/cleaning powder v

Rice and grain milling

Glass

Cracker

Leather processing (Footwear / Article making)

Charcoal making 0

Oil extraction

Brick making

Fuel briquetting

Synthetic Adhesive Gypsum based units

Poultry (including Slaughtering)

* - (i) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 and Tamil Nadu Air (Prevention and Controlof Pollution) Rules, 1983(ii) Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act, 1974 and Tamil Nadu Water (Prevention andControl of Pollution) Rules, 1974,(iii) The Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Cess Act, 1977



Minimum standards for certain industries which have been prescribed by CPCB aresummarized in Annexure 1. Table 2.1 and Annexure 1 can be used as a guide by theimplementing agency for the application of environmental regulatory framework to proposedactivities.



3. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE BASE

3.1. INTRODUCTION

The environment resource base of Tamil Nadu has been described with respect to naturaland man-made resources. These resources are supported by physiographic characteristicsand climatic conditions of the state. The following sections describe physiography, climate,natural and man-made resources, existing and proposed activities and environmental issuesassociated with these activities. An effort has been made to assess environmental hotspotsin the state to enable proper location of subprojects / activities.

3.2. PHYSIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICSTamil Nadu, which lies between 80 5" to 130 35" N and 760 15" to 800 20" E, falls inpeninsular India. The state has an area of 1,30,058 Sq. Km which, accounts for 4 percent ofthe total area of the country. Tamil Nadu is bounded by Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh inthe north and Kerala in the west. The state is surrounded by Bay of Bengal and the IndianOcean on the eastern and southern boundaries respectively. Point Calimere and Mudumalaiwildlife sanctuaries are located on the eastern and western tips of the state. At the northernextreme is Pulicat Lake and at the southernmost tip is Cape Comorin and Kanyakumari.Physiographically, Tamil Nadu has been divided into 5 major divisions.

The Kurinji or mountainous region,* The Mullai or forest region,* The Palai or arid zone,* The Marudham or the fertile plains* The Neidhal or coastal region

The state has one perennial river and five other rivers. River Cauveri, which originates inCoorg in Karnataka is the perennial river and irrigates the fertile Coromandel plains. Theother rivers in the state are the Palar, Ponnaiyar, Pennar, Vaigai and Tamiraparani, whichflow eastward from the inland hills into Bay of Bengal. The Cauveri and its tributaries areTamil Nadu's most important sources of water and power. The surface water resources inthe state have been fully harnessed by impounding the available water in 61 majorreservoirs and in 39,202 big and small tanks spread over the entire state.

3.3. CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICSThe climate of Tamil Nadu can be classified as semiarid tropical monsoon type of climate.The maximum and minimum temperatures in the plains are 450C during summer and 100Cduring winter. The state has four distinct seasons:

* Hot weather season from mid-February to mid June* South west monsoon season from mid June to mid October* Retreating monsoon season from mid October to mid December and* Cold weather season from mid December to mid February

The normal rainfall in the state is about 950mm with an average number of 50 rainy daysduring a year. The rainfall in Tamilnadu is determined by south-west monsoon (June toSeptember) and north-east monsoon (October to December). The state mainly depends onnortheast monsoon, which are often accompanied by low-pressure troughs formed in southof Bay of Bengal. The Western Ghats act as a barrier to deny the state full benefit ofsouthwest monsoon. Only Nilgiris and Kanyakumari districts are benefited fully by bothmonsoons. The state also experiences floods due to cyclone. Some blocks in districts of



Karur, Pudukkottai, Dindigul, Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli,Thoothukudi come under drought prone areas.

3.4. LAND USE CHARACTERISTICSThe land use pattern of the state reveals that 43% of Tamilnadu's geographical area is underagriculture. While agriculture and allied sectors account for nearly 62% of the totalemployment in the state, their contribution to economy is only 22%. About 17.5% of the totalland area in the state is under forest cover while a sizeable area is under degradedcondition.

The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning has divided Tamil Nadu intothree agro-ecological regions based on climate, rainfall and crop growing period. Theseregions are described below:

Agro-Eco Zonel: This zone comprises of Nilgiris and parts of Dindigul district. Theclimate in this region is humid to pre-humid with more than 240 days of growing period.

Agro-Eco Zone2: This zone spreads over the coastal parts of Kanyakumari,Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, pudukkottai, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam,Tiruvarur, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts. The climate inthis zone is dry sub-humid hot with 180-210 days of growing period.

Agro-Eco Zone3: This zone covers Dharmapuri, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Coimbatore,Madurai, Theni, Salem, Namakal, erode, Tiruchchirapalli, Karur, Perambalur,Virudhunagar, Sivagangai districts and non-coastal parts of Thoothukudi,Ramanathapuram, Pudukkottai, Tirunelveli, Thanjavur, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Tiruvallurand Kancheepuram districts. The climate of this region is sub humid to humid and have150 days of growing period.

The land use trends in the state reveal that the current extent of barren lands have beenreduced to 50% barren area which existed in 1950-51. The permanent pastures and othergrazing lands have shrunk to one-third of the area, which existed in 1950-51. Thepercentage of land put to non-agricultural uses in 1990-91 shows an increase of 4% of thegeographical area, which existed in 1950-51. The net sown area registered sharp increasesduring 1960-61 and 1970-71 followed by a decline subsequently. The same trend has beenobserved in the total cropped area of the state.

The statistical data on cultivable areas in the state reveals that Perambalur district has thehighest per capita cultivable area of 0.2042 ha, while Tirunelveli district has the lowest areaof 0.0488 ha. According to the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use planning, 3.9%of Tamilnadu's geographical area are rock lands and unfit for agriculture. Other factors likeerosion, salinity/alkalinity and water logging also make land unfit and not available forcultivation. Excluding Chennai, which is a non-agricultural district, Nagapattinam districtranks highest in the state with 12.4% of its area barren and unfit for cultivation, Tiruvarurdistrict ranks lowest in the state with 0.1% of its area as barren and unfit for cultivation.

3.5. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILEThe demographic profile of each district in the state has been classified in terms ofpopulation (male and female), population distribution i.e. rural & urban along with literacyrates and work force distribution. The population distribution in the rural areas has beendescribed considering the rural setting of the project. The work force distribution has beenfurther distributed in terms of total workers and marginal workers for both the male andfemale population. The state level demographic profile has been summarized in Table 3.1.Table 3.1. Demographic Profile



Total population of Tamil Nadu 6,24,05,679

Males in total population 3,14,00,909 Males

Females in total population 3,10,04,770 Females

Total rural population 3,49,21,681 (56% of total population) persons

Total Literates 4,05,24,545 persons

Total Workers 2,78,78,282 Persons

Total Rural Male Population 1,75,31,494 Males

Total Rural Female Population 1,73,90,187 Females

Total Rural Literates 2,03,19,498 Persons

Total Rural Literates - Male 1,18,35,689 Males

Total Rural Literates - Female 84,83,809 Females

Total Rural Workers 1,75,59,768 Persons

Total Rural Marginal Workers 32,69,225 Persons

Total Rural Marginal Workers - Male 13,21,537 Males

Total Rural Marginal Workers - Female 19,47,688 Females

The salient features of demography are given below.

1. The state has adverse female to male ratio (98 Females for 100 Males).

2. 56% of the total population is rural. The rural area has adverse female to male ratio(99 females to 100 males).

3. The state has 65% literacy rate. Literacy rate in rural population is 49%. Male literacyrate is higher than female literacy rate in rural areas.

4. 44% of the total population is the worker population in the state. Rural workersaccount for 50% of the total rural population of the state.

5. Marginal workers are 19% of the total rural workers in the state. Female marginalworkers account for 60% of the total marginal workers in rural area.

3.6. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE BASE

The environmental resource base can be classified as natural resource base and man-maderesource base. The natural resource base includes water resources, land, soil, forest coverand mineral base. The natural resource base complements the man-made resources, whichforms the basis of livelihood activities. The man made resources have been classified intodemography, agriculture and industries. Agricultural activities have been classified intopercentage cultivable area and cropping pattern. The industrial activities have beenclassified into small, medium and large scale industries existing in the state. The profile ofthese resources in each district is summarized in Annexure 2. Salient features of theseresources are given below.

1. Nineteen districts out of twenty seven districts in the state have perennialsource of water.

2. Forest cover (% landuse) ranges from 1.52% in Thoothukudi to 53% in Nilgiridistrict.

3. Except for Chennai, Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Karur, Dindigul, Theni,Virudhunagar, Thoothukudi and Kanyakumari districts, all other districts havemineral resources.

4. All districts except Chennai have cultivable area. This is an indicator ofagriculture as one of the main sources of livelihood. Districts Sivagangai andThe Nilgiris have lowest cultivable area (21-30%) while Thiruvarur havehighest cultivable area (81%).



5. All districts except Chennai produce cash crops including fruits, vegetables,spices, tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber and different types of nuts.

6. Apart from the conventional sources of energy, the state has non-conventional sources of energy, which includes wind, solar and tidal.

7. The state has generating capacity of 9299 MW, comprising 2970 MW fromfour thermal stations, 424 MW from three gas turbine stations, 1987 MW from32 hydro stations, 988 MW from private sector projects, 2452 MW as TamilNadu's share from central generating stations and 400 MW as externalassistance. Existing generating capacity from privately owned wind farms is1342 MW. Tamilnadu Electricity Board (TNEB) owned wind farm generate19.355 MW. The distribution network comprises 1,44,032 circuit kilometers ofextra high tension (above 33 kV) and high-tension (11 kV to 33 kV) lines,4,67,847 circuit kilometers of low-tension lines, 1044 substations, and1,54,321 distribution transformers.

8. Small-scale industries constitute 80% of the industrial base in Tamil Nadu,while medium and large-scale industries account for 5.3% and 14%respectively. Nilgiri district has the lowest number of industries while Salem isthe most industrialized district in the state. Karur district has lowest numberwhile Coimbatore has highest number of large and medium scale industries.

A number of micro enterprises have come up in different districts of Tamil Nadu, which aresupported by natural and man made resources. A list of existing activities provided byTNCDW is summarized in Table 3.2. In addition to these activities, the proposed activities tobe funded in the state are given below.

* Constructing water harvesting structures* Irrigation Bore well* Land Development* Cultivation of Cash Crops* Construction of Shed for Animals* Pesticide Dealership

Constructing rural roads* Constructing residential schools and health centers* Constructing village ponds

* Processing synthetic materialsa. Plaster of Parisb. Plasticsc. Paperd. Glasse. Ceramicsf. Crackersg. Leather processing

* Household product processing unitsa. Oil extractionb. Detergentsc. Phenyld. Cleaning Powdere. Rice and Grain Millingf. Fish meal products

* Material handling ina. Cleaning powder from fly ashb. Activated carbon from paddy husk


Technical Environmental Guidelines (Word Bank)

c. Tyre retreadingd. Plastic recycling

* Processing unitsa. Poultry unitsb. Dairy unitsc. Inland and coastal fisheries activitiesd. Piggerye. Prawn Cultivationf. Fabric dyeing

* Micro industriesa. Brick makingb. Paints and Varnishesc. Bio Fertilizers and Pesticidesd. Fuel Bricquetinge. Synthetic adhesives (gypsum based units)f. Dyes and Dye Intermediatesg. Aluminium Foil makingh. Cement pipe makingi. Tissue paper makingj. Spring steel wire makingk. Charcoal makingI. Glue units

The existing and proposed activities are diverse in nature and have unique type ofenvironmental issues associated with them.

3.7 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES & ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

A sample survey of six districts was carried out to understand existing activities and identifyenvironmental issues associated with them. A questionnaire (refer Annexure 13) wasformulated and relevant information was collected from each district through primarysampling. Meetings were also held with different stakeholders during primary & secondaryfield survey. List of stakeholders which were consulted is compiled in Annexure 14.

These activities can be categorized into following five different groups based on their nature,water requirement, raw materials used and method of production:

* Agro based activities

* Wet processing industries

* Animal based activities

* Recyclable activities

* Dry activities

Agro based Activities

These activities include all the activities related to agriculture. These are water intensiveactivities. These activities generate useful solid waste. Most of the solid waste is either usedas fodder, fuel, papermaking or converted into manure by composting. Among the activitiesunder this category, few are polluting in nature, like mushroom cultivation and arca nut barkprocessing. Lists of these activities are given below.



* Floriculture

* Coconut cultivation

* Jasmine cultivation

* Rose Flower cultivation

Cashew cultivation

* Vegetable growing

* Fruit cultivation

* Coffee processing

* Pepper Processing

* Grape fruit growing

* Mushroom culturing

* Spirulina Culturing

* Nursery

* Vermi-composting

* Wasteland cultivation

Mushroom culturing generates huge volume of waste, which has good potential forcomposting and biogas recovery. Vermi-composting requires minimum water and is eco-friendly in nature. The agro-based activities are water intensive in nature. Huge quantities ofsolid waste generated can be re used for biogas production, fodder & paper making andcomposting.

Environmental attributes of the above three activities are summarized below:

* High water consumption

Insignificant effluent discharge

* Insignificant air emission activities

* Solid waste generation (mostly non-polluting)

Wet Processing Industry

Generally food processing and chemical related industries fall under this category. Each ofthese different categories, are further sub-divided into following micro industries / activities

1) Food Processing Industry

* Idli and Tiffin

* Canteen

* Jam making / juice & fruit processing

* Pickle making

* Nippets making



* Pappad making

* Chocolate making

* Collection and distribution of milk

* Arca bark processing

2) Chemical related industry

* Soap making

* Detergent powder making

* Match factory

* Brick kiln

* Hollow cement brick making

* Lime kiln

* Neel preparation

* Papier-mache toys

These activities, especially chemical-related activity may have significant pollution potential.Environmental issues associated with the above activities are given below:

* Waste water / effluent generation

* Solid waste generation

* Air emission

Food processing related activities give rise to both solid and liquid waste, which needstreatment. Chemical industry generates low volume, highly polluting wastewater, which leadsto environmental degradation.

Recyclable Activities

Major recyclable activities are given below.

* Plastic Recycling

* Waste paper recycling

* Aluminum Scrap recycling

These activities have positive environmental impact, although there may be short-termenvironmental issues associated with storage and handling.

* Solid waste generation (mostly non-polluting)

Animal related Activities

The following types of animal related activities are carried out in different districts.* Milch animal rearing

* Sheep rearing



* Goat rearing

* Pig rearing

* Rabbit rearing

* Poultry farming

* Slaughterhouse

* Sericulture

At the operational level envisaged in the project, the activities are free from any significantadverse environmental impacts.

Exception: The slaughterhouse and poultry farming may have significant environmentalconcern. Environmental issues associated with such activities are given below:

* Wastewater generation

* Solid waste generation

* Particulate air emissions / Occupational health

Dry Industrial activities

Dry activities though non-polluting in nature, lead to health related problems due to handlingactivities ex. during rope making, palms of the workers get cut by the fine fibers.

The following types of dry industrial activities exist in different cities of Tamil Nadu.

* Bamboo basket weaving

* Hammock weaving

* Tailoring

* Jute bag stitching

* Carpentry

* Wood carving

Dry flower arrangement

Garland from waste cocoons(silkworm)

* Wooden pens

* Readymade garments

* Stuffed toys

* Coir rope making

Weaving of cotton saris

* Greeting card preparation

* Book binding

* Beedi making

* Public distribution system

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducbon Project 37Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank)

* Petty shops

* Pottery / Terracotta items

Tamarind processing

* Spices powder (Masala)

* Plates made of leaves

* Sea shell ornaments

* Candle making

* Provision stores

* Agarbatti

* Silk thread twisting

* Silk sari weaving

* Herbal plant collection and herbal medicine preparation

* Fish drying

Annexure 3 summarizes district-wise existing list of activities, their classification (wet, dryetc.), sources of pollution and existing practices being followed. Table 3.3 summarizes likelycontaminants and their associated impacts on health and environment for existing activities.Table 3.4 summarizes proposed activities with associated pollution potential and impacts.



Table 3.3: Health and Environmental Related Issues of Concern

Si. No. Selected Activity Likely Contaminants Significant Impact on Health

Existing/Proposed

1. Stone Crushing Dust. Respiratory problem, irritation of internal

membranes, absorption of toxic metals.

2. Charcoal Making Fine carbon dust and Ash. Respiratory problems.

3. Beedi Making Nicotine vapours while beedi processing Lung infection, respiratory problems, cough

during curing. etc.

4. Aluminum Recycling High heat emission from the furnace. Thermal Exposure.

5. Plastic Recycling Toxic gases CO2 and Hydrocarbons. Irritation of eyes, nose, respiratory problem.

6. Paper Recycling Chlor-organic vapours, wastewater & stony Vomiting, uneasiness, dizziness.

alkaline odour.

7. Bricquetting Smoke, dust, C0 2, etc. Irritation of eyes, nose, respiratory problems

8. Fabric Dyeing Carcinogenic dyes, alkalies, high TDS Ulceration of hands, cancer.

content in wastewater VOCs and Chlorine

gas, Toxic Metals in Wastewaters..

9. Glass Fugitive emissions, high heat from Irritation of eyes, nose, dehydration

furnaces.

10. Ceramic Metallic vapours from glazing, enameling Metal poisoning, ulceration of hands and skin.

and heat from furnace

11. Fruit/Jam Processing, Pickle Solid waste-peels skins, spoiled fruits, Mosquito and fly nuisance may spread

making seeds and wastewater. disease.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton ProjectTechnical Environmental Guidelines (Wodd Bank)

12. Brick Making Smoke and dust from firing and loading of Respiratory problems, irritation of eyes and

bricks. nose.

13. Plaster of Paris Lime dust. Soar throat, irritation of eyes and nose,

ulceration of hands due to constant handling.

14. Cement Pipe Making Cement dust. Dryness of skin, lung infection, silicosis.

15. Pesticide Storage and Poisonous dust and pesticide laden waste Poisoning, bio-accumulation of pesticides in

Formulations water. the tissues leading to malfunctioning oforgans, even death, nerve damage, aborted

foetuses.

16. Coir Rope Making Coir dust, rough fiber. Ulceration of palms.

17. Match Stick Manufacturing Chemical dust during mixing process and Eye irritation, lung infection, ulceration of skin.

waste water.

18. Slaughtering Odour, eggs of helminthie parasites, waste Intestinal parasitic infection, stomach pain,

water. diarrhoea.

19. Sericulture Very fine microscopic particles emission. Eye irritation.

20. Tannery Odour, heavy metals like chromium, Metal toxicity, skin allergy, ulceration of hands

chlorides, and sulfides. and feet.

21. Dairy Products Dust from milk powder manufacturing, Soar throat, eye irritation.

Odour, waste water.



Si. No. Selected Activity Likely Contaminants Significant Impact on Environment

Existing/Proposed

1. Stone Crushing Air Pollution due to dust. * Dust accumulation on plantation, reducing

the surface area for photosynthesis.

* Sedimentation and siltation of water

bodies.

2. Charcoal Making Fine pulverized coal powder, air pollution. * Dust accumulation on plantation, reducing

Waste water laden with coal fines. the surface area of photosynthesis, leaves

dry out, deforestation.

* Siltation of drains

3. Beedi Making Air pollution due to smoke Not significant

4. Aluminum Recycling Heat from furnace Not significant

5. Plastic Recycling Wash water with suspended solids, air Not significant

pollution due to toxic gases.

6. Paper Recycling Chlor organic vapours, Wilting of leaves of plants

Waste water. Not significant

7. Bricquetting Smoke dust. Growth of trees affected.

8. Fabric Dyeing Carcinogenic dyes, alkalies high TDS Ground and surface water pollution.

content in waste water VOC's and chlorine Bioaccumulation of metals in aquatic

gas, Toxic metals in waste water. fauna/flora, including mass scale fish killing,

soil and sediment pollution, aesthetically

unpleasant, drinking water pollution, huge



amount of sludge from ETP.

9. Glass Fugitative emissions Nil

Heat from furnace

10. Ceramic Air pollution during glazing enameling, heat, Waste water pollution due to toxic metals,

metallic vapours ground water and surface water pollution,

effect on agriculture.

11. Fruit/Jam Processing, Pickle Solid waste, wastewater, odour nuisance Aesthetic problem, odour, fly nuisance,

making due to putrification of waste fruits and pollution of ground water

vegetables.

12. Brick Making Smoke C02, ash, dust. Drying of plantation, wilting of leaves, stunting

of plant growth.

13. Plasterof Paris Air pollution due to dust and suspended Silting and sedimentation in drains, drying of

solids in waste water. plants.

14. Cement Pipe Making Cement dust, waste water laden with high Effect on plants and trees,

suspended solids. siltation/sedimentation of drains and water

bodies.

15. Pesticide Storage and Pesticide dust and waste water laden with . Bio-accumulation risk in aquatic

Formulations pesticide. fauna/flora.

* Changes in biodiversity.

* Changes in physico-chemical

characteristics of water, making it unfit for

drinking, agriculture and aquaculture etc.

* Soil fertility reduces.

Tamil Nadu Poverty ReducUon Project 42


16. Match Stick Manufacturing Chemical dust during mixing process, waste

water.

17. Slaughtering Odour, solid waste and waste water (highly Ground and surface water contamination, fly

polluted, with high COD / BOD) nuisance, spreading of disease, depletion of

DO in receiving water.

18. Sericulture Fine microscopic particle emissions Insignificant

19. Tannery Odour, heavy metals, chlorides and total Ground and surface water pollution, metal

dissolved solids. toxicity.

20. Dairy Products Waste water. Ground and surface water pollution, fly

nuisance and odour.

Tamil Nadu Poverty ReducUon Project

Technical Environmental Guidelines (Vvodd Bank)

Table 3.4: Proposed Activities with associated Pollution Potential & Impacts

Impacts

Activities Air Water I Solid WasteAct v s'.ProposedActivitiesListed as0 pr TOR---.

Detergents/soap, Paints & Varnishes, Dyes & Dye Yes Yes Yesintermediates, GluePesticidies (storage & production) Yes Yes YesInland coastal fishery activities, fish meal products No Yes YesPrawn cultivation No Yes YesDiary/Animal Rearing No Yes YesPiggery (including slaughter houses) No Yes YesPlaster of Paris Yes Yes YesCement pipe making Yes Yes YesBio fertilizer No Yes YesFabric dyeing No No YesPaper & Tissue Paper making No No YesAlluminum Foil Making No No YesSpring steel wire making No No YesTyre Retreading Yes No YesPlastic recycling No No YesPlastic YesActivated carbon from paddy Husk Yes No YesCleaning powder from fly ash / cleaning powder Yes No YesRice and grain milling Yes No YesGlass Yes No YesCracker Yes No YesLeather processing (Footwear/Article making) No No YesCharcoal making Yes No YesOil extraction Yes Yes YesBrick making Yes Yes YesFuel briguetting Yes Yes YesSynthetic Adhesive (Gypsum based units) Yes Yes YesPoultry (including Slaughtering) Yes Yes YesMushroom Cultivation No Yes Yes

3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

The proposed activities having significant environmental impacts may add to the existingpollution level in each district. Therefore, an effort has been made to assess the existingstatus of baseline pollution level in each district. This baseline status has been assessedbased on description of certain characteristics ex. ground water resources, soil degradation,critically polluted areas, as per the "State of Environment Report" for Tamil Nadu and"Environmental Atlas of India (CPCB publication). Some of the indicators of pollution areshown in table 3.5 and depicted on maps in Annexure 7.

3.8.1 SOIL DEGRADATION

Tamilnadu forms part of the 'Peninsular Shield', which is a stable block of earth's crust. Theshield is composed of geologically ancient rocks of diverse origins, particularly ancientcrystalline of Archaean age dating back to 1500-4500 million years.



The soils are deep to very deep in 52% of total geographical area. Moderately deep tomoderately shallow soils occur in 27% while shallow soils occur in 12% of the totalgeographical area. Various soil survey data reveals that drainage is a serious problem forcrop production in the state. Excessively drained or poorly drained soils, accounts for 16.4%of the area deserve special attention. Well drained and moderately drained soils constitute64.2% of the geographical area.

The areas in and around the coastal belt of the state of Tamil Nadu are affected by salinityand other water related problems. Only stable patches of land are located in the westernparts of the state around the Nilgiri district. In addition, some stable patches are also found indistricts of Madhurai, Coimbatore, Dindigul, Velore and Thiruvannamalai. In majority ofdistricts, the land is degraded due to water erosion leading to moderate loss of top soil.

3.8.2 WATER RESOURCES - OVERVIEWDomestic RequirementsAccording to IWS, Chennai, around 2044 AD, two fold increase in water requirement fordomestic water supply is required in all the river basins except Chennai and Vaippar basinswhere three fold increase has been projected and in Kalar basin where the increase isprojected to be normal.

Irrigation RequirementsIrrigation is one of the major use of water resources in the state. Irrigation is mainly carriedout through surface water supplemented with ground water whenever demanded. Theexisting condition indicates that it is extremely water intensive and grossly inefficient.

Industrial RequirementsAs per, "Survey of Environment Report of Tamil Nadu", the water requirements for theindustrial sector has been witnessing a steady rise with a projected three to four fold rise forthe year 2044. This situation will demand improvement in the current systems and practicesparticularly in the agricultural and irrigation sector.

3.8.3 GROUND WATER RESOURCEIn the state of Tamilnadu, the surface water resources are fully harnessed by impoundingthe available water through various reservoirs, tanks, ponds etc. The estimates show that60% of the ground water resources are utilized and the remaining resources are available inselected pockets of coastal sedimentary tracts of eastern part. Water balance is deficit in 10basins and surplus in 6 basins namely Palar, Varahanadhi, Vellar, Paravanar, Vaippar andKodaiyar. Map given in Annexure 6 shows the total replenishable ground water resource perthousand persons in various districts of the state. Majority of districts in the state fall in theaverage category of 400-600 million cubic meters range. Shivgangai, Pudukkotttai,Villuppuram and Thiruvannamalai districts have approximately 800-1000 million cubicmeters ground water, which is above the average value of available ground water in thestate.

3.8.4 SHALLOW GROUND WATER QUALITYThe shallow ground water quality has been evaluated based on the four critical parametersi.e. electrical conductivity, fluoride, nitrate and chloride content. Electrical conductivity in thefirst two ranges is shown in Annexure 6 i.e. below 1000 and 1000 to 2000 1tseimens/cm.These values are within the tolerable limits, whereas in districts having higher values, thewater is not suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes. The water in these districts hashigher concentration of salts like sodium, calcium, magnesium etc. As per BIS standards fordrinking water, the values should not exceed 0.8 lisiemens/cm whereas for industrial uses itshould be within a range of 3-5 [isiemens/cm. Pockets having concentrations above 4000



[isiemens/cm are literally saline areas and fall in the districts of Coimbatore, Dharmapuri,Vellore, Tiruvallur, and parts of coastal belt in Tuticorin, Shivgangai, Thanjavur, Thiruvallur,Karaikal districts.

Map in Annexure 6 shows the locations / pockets where the concentrations of fluoride,nitrate, and chloride are observed to be very high as per BIS standards for drinking water.

3.8.5 CRITICALLY POLLUTED AREASMap in Annexure 6 shows the critically polluted stretches of the major rivers in the state ofTamil Nadu. River Vagai flowing through the districts of Ramanathapuram, Shivgangai haveseverely polluted stretches. River Cauvery running across the state is polluted along most ofits stretch passing through the districts of Erode, Karur and Nagapattinum. Along with theriver water quality, the map also shows the coastal water quality parameters like InorganicPhosphate, Nitrate, Dissolved Oxygen and Salinity Variation. As per TNPCB records certainhotspots have also been identified in Tamil Nadu. The description of these hotspots is givenin Annexure 8.

Table 3.5: District wise status of soil and water in Tamil NaduName of District Soil Characteristics - Ground Water Major River

Resources (Total stretchesSoil Types Soil Replenishable ground affected

Degradation water resource per -

; - :- - ,. --- . - -thousand persons)-...- . InWMillion Cubic Metre

Madurai Red Soils/ Water erosion 200-400Mixed Red with moderateand Black loss of top soilsoils

Ramnadapuram/ Alluvial Soils Areas effected 200-400 Vagai River inRamanathapuram/ by salinity and RamanathapuramRameshwaram other water and Shivagangai

relatedproblems likewater logging,accumulation ofsodiumchloride, etc.

Vellore Red Soils/ Water erosion 400-600 Cauvery RiverAlluvial Soils with moderate (polluted near

loss of top soil KattipalayamQualit - B)

Thiruvarur Alluvial Soils Areas effected 200-400by salinity andother waterrelatedproblems

Cuddalore/NammakkalNagapattinam Alluvial Soils Areas effected 200-400 Cauvery River

by salinity andother waterrelatedproblems

Kancheepuram Alluvial Soils Areas effected 400-600 Palar Riverby salinity andother waterrelated



Name of District Soil Characteristics Ground Water Major RiverResources (Total stretches

Soil Types Soil Replenishable ground affectedDegradation water resource per

thousand persons)In Million Cubic Metre

problems

Kanyakumari Alluvial Soils Stable Terrain 200-400Perambalur Red Soils Water erosion 400-600

with moderateloss of top soil

Thanjavur Alluvial Soils Areas effected 200-400 Cauvery Riverby salinity and (Thanjavurother water Quality - B)relatedproblems

Coimbatore Red Soils Water erosion 200-400with moderateloss of top soil

Erode Red Water erosion 400-600 Cauvery RiverSoils/Mixed with moderate (nearRed and loss of top soil/ ChirapalyamBlack Soils Stable Soil Quality- C,

Bhavani Quality -C)

Pudukottai Laterite Water erosion 800-1000Soils with moderate

loss of top soilNilgiri Red Soils Stable Terrain 200-400Thiruvannamali Red Soils Water erosion 800-1000

with moderateloss of topsoil/Areaseffected bysalinity andother waterrelatedproblems

Trichy/ Alluvial Water erosion 400-600 Cauvery RiverTiruchirapalli Soils/Red with moderate (Tiruchirappalli

Soils loss of top soil U/S Quality - D,TiruchirappalliD/S Quality - C,Grand AnaicutQuality - C,Musiri Quality - C)

Thirunelveli Mixed Red Water erosion 200-400and Black with moderateSoil loss of top soil

Sivagangai Laterite Water erosion 600-800 Vagai RiverSoils with moderate

loss of top soil



Name of District Soil Characteristics Ground Water Major RiverI F Resources (Total stretches

Soil Types Soil Replenishable ground affectedDegradation water resource per

thousand persons)In Million Cubic Metre

Virudunagar Red Water erosion 400-600Soils/Mixed with moderateRed and loss of top soilBlack Soils

Karur Alluvial Soils Water erosion 400-600 Cauvery Riverwith moderateloss of top soil

Tuticorin/ Alluvial Water erosion 200-400Thoothukudi Soils/Red with moderate

Soils/ loss of topsoil/Areaseffected bysalinity andother waterrelatedproblems

Dharmapuri Pennaiyar River

Salem Red Soils Water erosion 400-600 Cauvery Riverwith moderate Mettur Quality -loss of top B)soil/StableSoils

Villupuram Red Areas effected 800-1000Soils/Alluvial by salinity andSoils other water

relatedproblems

Pondicherry Alluvial Soils Areas effected 800-1000by salinity andother waterrelatedProblems

Chennai Alluvial Soils Areas effected 400-800by salinity andother waterrelatedproblems

Dindigul Red Soils Water erosion 400-600with moderateloss of topsoil/StableSoils

Ariyalur

Theni

* Note: Surface water pollution has been described based on designated best use

classification as defined by CPCB. These classification are as detailed below

| CLASS DESIGNATED BEST USE CRITERIA



A Drinking water source without conventional pH : 6.5 to 8.5treatment but after less disinfection Dissolved Oxygen: 6 mg/I or

moreBOD 2 mg/I orTotal Coliform : 50 MPN/100ml

B Outdoor bathing, Organized Ph : 6.5 to 8.5Dissolved Oxygen :5 mg/l ormoreBOD: 3 mg/I orTotal Coliform :500MPN/100 ml

C Drinking water source with conventional pH : 6.5 to 8.5treatment followed by disinfection DO: 4 mg/l or more

BOD: 3 mg/I orTotal Coliform : 5000MPN/ml

D Propagation of wild life and fisheries pH: 6.5 to 8.5DO: 4 mg/l or moreFree Ammonia: 12 mg/I

E Irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste pH: 6.0 to 8.5disposal Electrical Conductivity: 2250

m mhos/cmSodium Absorption Ratio: 26Boron : 2 mg/l

Note: MPN is Most Probable Number

Hot spots and stressed areas including blocks in each district have been summarized intable 3.6. These areas have been identified with respect to following parameters:

1. Ground water availability and quality.

2. Surface water availability and quality.

3. Changes in forest cover.

4. Pollution in coastal areas.

5. Proximity to ecologically sensitive areas like wetland, mangroves etc.

6. Ambient air quality status (residential and Industrial).

7. Hot spots as identified by TNPCB

All the proposed activities in district will be evaluated with respect to these sevenparameters at the time of project development and approval.



4. CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RANKING & CATEGORIZATION OFACTIVITIES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The existing and proposed activities have both positive and negative environmental impacts.In this section, cumulative environmental ranking of each activity has been carried out todetermine the level of pollution and mitigation measures required to mitigate the impacts.Further, each district in the state has been appraised and ranked as per cumulativeenvironmental ranking. This will assist in determining the type of proposed activity, which adistrict can sustain given its status of pollution and environmental resource base. Thischapter also describes the list of activities, which may require implementation of Technicalenvironmental Guidelines (TEG's). The following sections describe the criteria used forranking, its application and results.

4.2 CRITERIA OF RANKING

The criterion for categorization of proposed activities has been fixed based on their pollutionpotential with respect to three types of attributes given below:

1. Air pollution2. Water Pollution3. Solid waste generation.

Sub criteria for scoring

* Water pollution has been assessed taking into consideration four parameters i.e. pH,BOD, TSS and O&G.

* Each of the parameter has been measured on a scale- of 0 to 1. The lower valueindicates environmentally safe activity. These rankings have been arrived atconsidering the existing process and scale of operations, along with otherenvironmental concerns in majority of the districts.

4.3 CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RANKING

The existing and proposed activities have been categorized as activities, which areenvironmentally benign (El), activities which have minor environmental impact (E2), andactivities which have significant impacts (E3). These levels have been described below:

Activities which are Environmentally Benign (El): Sub projects likely to have insignificantenvironmental impacts but require implementation of generic TEG's to ensure environmentalsafeguards.

Activities which have Minor Environmental Impacts (E2): Sub projects likely to haveenvironmental impacts of moderate intensity (which does not set off a chain of other environmentimpacts) for which standard mitigation measures are required.



Activities which have Significant Potential Impacts (E3): Sub projects that are likely to havesignificant environmental impacts which may set off a chain of other environmental impactsrequiring detailed environmental assessment and implementation of specific TEG's.

Procedure for Environmental Ranking

The procedure for environmental ranking has been described in the following steps.

Step 1: Identify the activityStep 2: Study the process diagram and identify the pollution potential with respect to air, waterand solid waste.Step 3: Identify the emissions/ discharges / solid waste generation and quantify themStep 4: Rank the emissions/ discharges / solid waste generation on a scale of 0 to 1. Eachsignificant parameter was allotted 0.25 score. The number of significant and non-significantparameters determined the final score.Step 5: Add all the values to arrive at a cumulative scoreStep 6: Fix up the environmental category i.e. El, E2 & E3 as per scores.

The method of calculating the environmental category (cumulative ranking) has been describedin Annexure 9. It may be noted that step 3 & 4 are very critical to determine environmentalranking. The quantification of water pollution for each activity has been described in table 4.1.The quantification has been carried out based on consultant's experience in the area of waterpollution. The quantification gives the intensity of impact, which helps in categorization of eachactivity. This example has been followed to categorize existing and proposed activities. Further,existing activities are regrouped along with their ranking in each district and summarized intable 4.2. This table gives the profile of each district in terms of pollution levels based onenvironmental categorization of existing activities in each district.

Table 4.1: Waste Water Generation in Selected Activities, Impacts and EnvironmentalRanking.

Activity Waste water Environmental Impact Categorizatiogeneration Stress n

(litres per kgof finished

product)

Water Air SolidWaste

Paper 100-125 S S S Significant E2Pickle Making 8-10 S NS NS Minimal Impacts E2Pappad 5-10 S NS NS Minimal Impacts El

Arcanut 5-8 S NS S Minimal Impacts ElJam 35-50 S NS S May lead to E2

ground waterpollution

Idly, Tiffin, Tea Stall 25-200 S NS S Minimal Impacts E2

Canteen 25-200 S NS S Impact on ground E2water bodies

Matchbox 15-20 S NS S Impact on health E2



Activity Waste water Environmental Impact Categorizatiogeneration Stress n

(litres per kgof finished

product)

Water Air SolidWaste _

Detergents/Soaps/ 2-5 S NS NS Impact on aquatic E2Phenyl organisms

Fabric Dyeing 50-135 S NS NS Soil pollution, E3effect on plantsand animals

Plastic Recycling 8-10 NS S NS Minimal Impacts E2

Dairy (collection & 3-4 S NS NS Depletion of DO in E2distribution) water bodies

Glue 85-100 S NS NS Depletion of DO in E2I water bodies

Sericulture 80-100 S NS IMinimal Impacts E2

Slaughtering * 150-250 S NS S Health impacts, E3water bodiespollution, Flynuisance

Fish Meal Products 2-5 S NS S Water bodies E2pollution,Depletion of DOlevels

Dyes amd Dye 0-50 S NS NS Depletion of DO in E2intermediates water bodies

Tissue paper 150-200 S NS NS Depletion of DO in E2making water bodies

Spring steel wire 3-4 S NS NS Water bodies E2making pollution,

Depletion of DOlevels

Paper Recycling 75-80 NS S NS Ground / Surface E2water pollution andsoil degradation

*:- Per Animal Slaughtered



Table 4.2: District wise categorization of activities along with their CumulativeRanking

DISTRICT ACTIVITY RANKMadurai Vegetable cultivation/ betel leaf cultivation E 1

PDS Shop, paddy business ElMutton stall E2Vegetable vending ElMat weaving ElSericulture ElCandle / Agarbatti ElTailoring, Readymade garments E1Lime kiln E2Carpentry, broom making ElGeneral provision stores, rice business ElTea stall/ mini hotel E2

-Ramn daptl Sheep/Goat rearing. milch animals E2Betel / Sea wood cultivation ElPalm leaf mat/palm leaf fancy articles ElSea shell ornaments ElDry fish Vending ElCharcoal Making E2Petty Shops El

:Vellore ., *v - Goat/Sheep rearing milch farming E2AgricultureNegetable cultivation/ betel leafcultivation ElBamboo basket weaving, palm leaf products ElBrick kiln E2General provision stores ElWeaving ElCoir making ElMilk animals E2Agriculture ElMat weaving/pottery El

-Cuddalorea-FgTi; Milch animals. goat and sheep rearing E2Coir rope making ElCamphor making ir-Wood carving ElCandle making ElAgarbatti ElTailoring/ ready made garments ElSea shell ornaments ElBookbinding ElCashew cultivation, flower cultivation ElCeramic dolls/pottery E2Potato chips El

-Namrak k 1' , Pickles ElCoir making El

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducbon Project 53Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank)

DISTRICT ACTIVITY RANKTailoring / ready made garments ElPappad making El

Coconut leaf thatching ElBeekeeping/Sericulture El

Lime kiln E2

Fair price shop El

Nagcatti iiu Fancy shop, furniture mat E 1Fish sale, fish net making E1Canteen E2Eatables and Masala powder El

Ka c ime1a w. Doll/Toys E 1Candle making ElCamphor packingThatched leaf ElPottery El

*Kanyakuma Tamarind processing and selling E 1Pickles, sweets, snacks/chips ElGoat, cow rearing E2Jute bag stitching, fiber bag ElTailoring and fancy item stitching lace making ElCoir rope making ElSea shell ornament making ElHerbal Medicines ElAgarbatti ElPappad ElFlower cultivation and garland making ElMilch Animals E2Tailoring, greeting cards making, petty shops El

,Per#aiii±flE Rice mill ElBamboo products ElCandle Making El

.Jna Pickle Making E1Candle making ElSoap powder, phenyl E2

g - Masala powder ElCoir Products/Door mat making ElPickle ElTamarind processing ElPappad ElPaper cover making ElCoir making ElMasala and sambar masala, tea powder ElLeather chappals and other leather products E 1Gem cutting ElStuffed toys ElMilk animals E2

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduc6on Project 54


DISTRICT ACTIVITY RANKGem cutting ElTerracotta toys ElGreetings card El

Pudukottai - Coir Making E 1Bamboo basket ElPotato cultivation ElTea Plantations ElBasket making El

Nilgiri - Soap making E2Flower cultivation ElAgarbatti ElCoconut Leaf thatching ElMilch animals and goat rearing E2

ThiruvannamaIr' Tailoring. Readymade garments E 1Toys making El

~TrChi9. *. @ Masala powder ElTerracotta toys ElGem cuttings ElWire mat making ElGreeting card makingChips making/eatables ElMat weaving, Basket making ElMedicinal plantsBlue metalBlue MetalBricks and pottery E2

tiF^nin6el^;iS.4~.. *- Match sticks ElCleaning powder and liquid blue E2Agarbatti, broom stick ElPappad / Pickle ElMatt waving, Palm leaf products ElMilch animals, Goat Rearing E2Tailoring El

-_______________ _ - LPottery ElFiSivagangaii ;''8fi.t- Coir rope making El

Hiring of Utensils ElCharcoal Making E2Laundry/clock salesPetty shops and tea stalls E2Fish sales, mat sales, vegetable sales ElTamarind sales, Fruit sales, flower sales 4

Milch animals, goat rearing E2Vegetable cultivation, medicinal plants ElStone cutting E2Match box products ElOil extraction from Neem nuts/leaves E2



DISTRICT ACTIVITY RANKGarments making ElMich animals, goat rearing E2Tailoring, Garment making ElAgriculture, vegetable cultivation El

Karur - . : Petty shops ElGem cuuting and polishing ElPoultry E2Milk Vending E2Land reclamation, waste land cultivation El

Handloom weaving, stuffed toys El

Coconut leaf Thatching ElPalm leafs, mat making, fancy products ElMilch animals, goat rearing. Sheep rearing E2Fish net and dry fish vending El

Juti;cori & Match box making ElAgriculture El

Tailoring and handicrafts El

Milch animals, goat / sheep rearing E2

_ Petty shops, cycle hiring E2

Poultry farm E2

4.4 CONCLUSION

The environmental categorization of each activity assists in defining the TechnicalEnvironmental Guidelines (TEG), which should be implemented for mitigation of impacts. Elcategory activities require generic TEGs as the extent of pollution from these activities areexpected to be insignificant. However, pollution potential from E2 & E3 category activitiesmay be significant. Therefore, E2 & E3 category activities require specific TEGs. A list ofactivities/related activities requiring specific TEGs is summarized in following table 4.3.

Table 4.3: Industries requiring Sector specific Environmental Mitigation measures

Industries Rank

SOAP MAKING/DETERGENT POWDER MAKING E2

MILCH ANIMAL REARING E2

GOAT REARING E2

LIME KILN E2

PAINTS AND VARNISHES/DYES AND DYE INTERMEDIATES/GLUE E2

PESTICIDIES STORAGE AND PRODUCTION E3

DIARY/ANIMAL REARING E2

PIGGERY (INCLUDING SLAUGHTER HOUSES) E3



PLASTER OF PARIS E2

CEMENT PIPE MAKING E2

OIL EXTRACTION E3

BRICK MAKING E2

POULTRY (INCLUDING SLAUGHTERING) E3

The environmental categorization also defines the negative activities based on significance ofimpacts. This indicates that slaughtering, tannery and fabric dying activities fall in the category ofnegative activities. TEGs with respect to each of these activities have been described in the nextchapter.



5 TECHNICAL EVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES (TEG)

5.1. INTRODUCTION

Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs) have been formulated based on environmentalcategorization of existing/proposed activities in order to mainstream environmentalsafeguards at all levels of implementation. These guidelines have been described at threelevels given below.

Level 1: Generic Guidelines, which are applicable to all activities irrespective of nature andscale of operations.

Level 2: Specific Guidelines, with respect to each activity.

Level 3: Recommended best practices for each activity.

This chapter describes specific guidelines and best practices by pictographically describingeach process. These guidelines are supported by site specific design and engineering andinfrastructure considerations which should be followed during implementation. The chapteralso describes process diagram of primary and secondary effluent treatment. Further,environmental friendly activities have been described in Annexure 10.

5.2. GENERIC GUIDELINES

2. Wastewater and air emissions should be treated in order to achieve the prescribedstandards.

3. Industries need to be encouraged for recycling and reuse of waste materials in order tominimize the discharge of wastes into environment.

4. Industries should be encouraged for recovery of biogas, energy and reusable materials.5. Effluent discharges into water bodies should be prohibited.6. Cleaner production should be encouraged to increase fuel efficiency and to reduce the

generation of environmental pollutants.7. All discharged effluents from industries such as cotton textile, synthetic rubber, small

pulp & paper, natural rubber, tanneries, paint, dyes, slaughter houses, food & fruitprocessing and dairy industries into surface water and other receiving bodies shallconform to BOD limit of 30 mg/I, COD limit of 250 mg/I and suspened solids limit of 20mg/I.

8. In case of pesticides, the discharge limits should be met at the end of treatment plantbefore dilution.

The generic guidelines for air, water and solid waste management is given in table 5.1.Table 5.2 indicates details about proposed activities with their associated designenvironment and health considerations. Table 5.3 describes the specific guidelines forenvironmentally friendly activities.



Table 5.1. Generic Guidelines to Prevent Air and Water Pollution and Solid WasteGeneration

Attribute GuidelinesAir . Store loose materials either indoors or under cover

. Make sure that equipment lids fit tightly

. Tanks should be covered

. Use dust suppression techniques such as water sprays on areasof the site that will give rise to dust clouds

. Dust containment cum suppression system for the equipment;

. Construction of wind breaking walls.

. Construction of the metalled roads within the unit's premises.* Regular cleaning and wetting of the ground within the premises.. Growing of a green belt along the periphery of unit

Water . Protect surface water drains to prevent water pollution.. Only clean, uncontaminated surface water should be discharged

to the surface water drainage system.. All surface water runoff from refuelling areas should be isolated

from general yard drainage and drained to an oil separator. Store all chemicals in an area where spillages will be contained

viz impermeable bund.. Inspect the bund regularly and remove any accumulated

rainwater.* Ensure that adequate measures are taken to prevent polluting

run-off from the site or wash-out from entering drains and/orwatercourses.

* Label containers holding liquid wastes and store them securelyon site while they await disposal so that they cannot escape intodrains, watercourses or surrounding ground. Any accidental spillsmust be properly and effectively contained and cleaned up.

Solid Waste . Separate out contaminated materials from clean ones and storethem safely.

. Identify the waste types and quantities that the activity is likely toproduce.

. Leachate collection and treatment system must be provided.

. Segregate the different types of waste that arise from activiites.

. Storage of all potentially polluting substances should be locatedon impermeable surfaces with controlled drainage.

. Waste reduction by:* ensuring adequate storage space for materials* having a dedicated stores compound to reduce the amount

of materials damaged or wasted;* Label all waste containers. Do not dispose empty containers, containing residues of the

original contents* Maintain a high standard of housekeeping on site



5.3. TEG FORMULATION

TEGs were formulated for all the sub-activities and will be used by implementing agencies toreduce the environmental impacts of sub-project activities. TEGs offer general guidelinesand also specific ones. It also magnifies the eco-friendly features and associatedmodifications/mitigation measures to be followed to make the implementer aware of theenvironmental needs to prevent degradation of the surroundings.

TEGs were formulated in such a way that more stress was given to recycle/reusetechnology, to conserve water/raw material, use of by products have also been looked in to.

5.4 SPECIFIC GUIDELINES AND BEST PRACTICES

Specific guidelines and best practices have been defined for each process in the followingsections to address pollution at the secondary and tertiary levels for each activity.

AGRO BASED

5.4.1 ARCA BARK PROCESSING

Pollution Potential* Air - Nil* Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* For soaking the barks pucca cement / steel tanks should be used.* Solid waste trimmings or bark should not be disposed on land.

Best Practices

* Conservation of used water by reusing it for washing purposes or for plantation shouldbe followed after simple pretreatment like sand filter followed by chlorination.

* Solid waste like trimmings of Arca bark should be composted to get good manure.


Technical Environmental Guidelines (Vordd Bank)

5.4.2 SPIRULINA CULTURE

Pollution Potential. Air - Insignificant. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines* Use of gloves is advised for the workers to avoid infection.* Sterile conditions are needed to avoid contamination of culture.* Good quality mother culture should be used to reduce solid waste generation.* Nutrients rich water should not be discharged and should be used again with make up

water.

Best Practices* Good House keeping should be maintained.* Same water can be reused / recycled to reduce raw water.



5.4.3 MUSHROOM CULTIVATION


Specific Guidelines* Polyethylene bags should be disposed properly* Waste water after cleaning should be reused again for cleaning after primary settling and

chlorination.* After mushroom harvesting, the straw beds should be composted to get manure.

* Waste / infected mushrooms should be segregated and disposed along with used strawbed

Best Practices* Waste effluent being non toxic should be used for horticulture/floor washing etc

* Avoid use of dettol for sterilization because this may impart odour and unwanted taste to

the product* Chlorination of the all required material is preferable. After initial chlorination of the

culturing room, the room should be kept closed for two days to prevent infection ofmushroom.

* Floor should be covered with polythene before spreading sand on the floor to preventcorrosion of the walls due to salt deposits and also to hold moisture content.

* For chlorination, 4.5Kg soda ash/washing soda and 1Kg of bleaching powder in 100litres of water is mixed and after mixing allow it to settle. Supernatant should be drawnand 1 OOml supernatant in 10 litres of water be prepared for floor cleaning.

* Abundant and excess mushroom can be dried or pickled and marketed to earn revenue.



5.4.4 AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES

Pollution Potential. Air - Nil. Water - Significant. Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines. All agricultural residues apart from fodder should be composted or used for biogas

production.* Non-edible residues like leguminous plant parts should be used for briquetting which

provides cheaper fuel for the poor.

Best Practices* Natural pesticides like mixture of cattle urine and neem leaves (leaves soaked in cattle

urine for 2 days) should be used on plants. It also acts as a mosquito / fly repellent.* Waste dry leaves of turmeric plants have fungicidal properties, hence its use on land to

prevent infection of plants during germination stage be encouraged.* Sprinkler method of irrigation should be followed when using fresh water for irrigation, to

conserve water.* Raw sewage application for vegetables and leafy vegetables should be carried out using

ridge and furrow techniques.* Wherever possible biogas technology using agricultural residue should be followed to harvest

energy/fuel.* Avoid usage of chemical pesticide.



5.4.5 VERMI-COMPOSTING

Pollution potential

* Air - Nil. Water - Nil* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Nil

Specific Guidelines

* Properly lined tanks should be used to have depth more than 3 feet.* This activity should be carried out under a shed to prevent exposure to direct

sunlight/rain.* Floor of the vermi bed should be spread with straw or coconut husk to initiate good

aeration and facilitate proper burrowing of worms.* Digested cattle dung manure should be used along with biodegradable organic wastes /

biomass to accelerate composting activity.* Earthworms should not be introduced in fresh cattle dung.* After the preparation of the bed, it should be covered with dry leaves, grass and hay to

prevent evaporation losses and birds from eating away the earthworms.

Best Practices

* Only good endemic variety of earthworm should be used to get good results.* Instead of using fresh water for sprinkling the bed, biodegradable kitchen wastewater is

advocated. This will also help in nutrient addition.* Flooding of the vermi bed should be prevented.* Moisture content of the bed should always be maintained around 25% ±2%.* While removing the composted manure, care must be taken to avoid damage to the

worms by using large pore size sieves, which will retain the worms and it can be reintroduced in to the bed.

* Never use poultry droppings while vermicomposting



5.4.6 SERICULTURE

Pollution Potential* Air - Insignificant. Water - Significant. Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines. Amount of water used for boiling cocoons should be conserved by simple primary

treatment and used for floor washing, horticulture, fire fighting, etc.. During cocoon processing, fine microscopic respirable particles are emitted and they

affect the lungs and eyes of the workers and hence use of mask and goggles should bemade mandatory.

Best Practices* Pupa after silk removal should be used for making fish food and poultry feed.



ANIMAL RELATED

5.4.7 SLAUGHTERING/ MEAT PROCESSING

Pollution Potential* Air - nil* Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

The average water consumption for slaughtering and meat processing ranges from 25 to 30cubic meters per tonne of finished product, out of which 20% is used for slaughtering and80% is used for meat processing. The quantity of wastewater generated from both theactivities ranges from 20 to 25 cubic meters per tonne of finished product, out of which the25% is generated during slaughtering and remaining 75% during meat processing.It has been reported that the waste water is highly biodegradable and it can be dischargedinto water body or land after suitable treatment like anaerobic fixed film reactor system.The solid wastes are generated mainly during slaughtering, dressing, evisceration,dehairing, carcass splitting, deboning, fat removal, mincing, chopping, half digested rumencontent and also the cattle dung.

Specific Guidelines* Permission for slaughtering should be obtained from municipal corporation* A certificate on the health of the animal to be slaughtered should be obtained from a

registered veterinarian to avoid killing diseased animals.* Slaughtering in an open space should be prohibited.* No waste, either liquid or solid should be thrown in open* Very short residence time should be provided to the combined wastewater prior to its

treatment to prevent putrification, odour and fly nuisance.

Best Practices* Maximum salvaging of blood should be followed to reduce pollution load of waste water* All the by-products namely - Hair (for brush making), Skin (for leather and glue making),

fat (for preparation of tallow and lard), hooves (for gelatine), bones (for fertilizer), etc.should be recovered and used.

* Solid waste like non-edible intestinal parts and skin pieces can be converted into poultryfeed, while small skin and bone pieces should be composted

* Regular disinfection of the slaughtering area should be carried out.* Proper housekeeping and disinfection should be followed.* Minimum water should be used for different processes to conserve raw water.

Do's* Lairage Facility should be provided in the unit.* Animals should be washed with water prior to slaughtering* While carrying out floor method of slaughtering, floors should be cleaned using

disinfectants.* Should be carried out in a protected environment with water facility and proper drainage

facility.* Should be done away from human habitation.* Dung and half digested rumen contents should be segregated after slaughtering.* Blood salvaging and processing like centrifuging should be done under the supervision

of a pharmacist technician, immediately after the slaughtering.



* All the carcasses and meat should be disposed in a short duration or else be preservedin cold rooms.

* Disinfect all the instruments and slaughtering hall immediately.* Sprayers with nozzles should be used to wash floor and drains.* Non edible meat, intestine, other solid wastes etc, should be buried a foot below the

ground and covered properly with soil to prevent dog/vulture digging it out. Preventfly/mosquito nuisance.

* Install environmental management systems.* Treated effluent should be disinfected and discharged.* Develop green belt around the slaughter house.* Use modern mechanical procedure for slaughtering.. Conserve water.. All the by products should be recovered.

Don'ts* Do not keep the animals in open.* Pig slaughtering should not be carried out in cattle slaughtering units.* Slaughtering in open should be prohibited.* Do not discharge the waste water in open.* Do not carryout the process in a thickly populated area.* Do not mix dung and rumen content along with the waste water.* Collection of blood spilled on floor should be avoided.. Do not keep all the carcasses and meat items uncovered.. Do not use flushing by buckets for floor/animal cleaning.* Do not dump the solid waste in open.* Avoid conventional slaughtering* Do not waste any value added products.



5.4.8 POULTRY

Pollution Potential* Air - Nil. Water - Nil* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines* Proper medical checkup of the chickens by a veterinarian should be mandatory to avoid

mass deaths.* Collection of droppings followed by composting should be adopted.* Proper housekeeping and disinfections of the cages should be ensured.

Best Practices

Nutrients and medicines should be provided to the chickens to get good healthy growth andkeep them disease free. This helps in reducing solid waste generated due to diseasedchickens.



5.4.9 PIG REARING

Pollution potential

* Air - Nil. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines* This activity should be carried out away from human dwellings.* Pig rearing shed should be cleaned and quarantined.* Pig/swine droppings should be collected separately and disposed to prevent tapeworm

infection.* Monitoring the health of pig by veterinarian should be mandatory prior it's selling/killing.

Best Practices

. Pig droppings are one of the best substrates to produce biogas through anaerobicfermentation.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project 69Technical Environmental Guidelines (Wodd Bank)

5.4.10 INLAND & COASTAL FISHERY ACTIVITIES

Pollution Potential* Air - Insignificant. Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Any solid or liquid matter from the fish farm should not be allowed to enter any nearbywatercourse

* When storing fuel or other chemicals, it is needed to bund all storage tanks and protectssurface water drains to ensure pollution prevention.

* No chemicals e.g. disinfectants or infected wastewater from a treatments should be usedon the farm and permitted to enter the outlet of the fish farm. The use of all chemicals onthe fish farm should be kept to a minimum in order to reduce their impact on theenvironment.

* All carcasses or parts of carcasses of fish should be collected, transported and disposed.* Contaminated drainage from any oil, chemical or fuel storage/delivery area must not be

allowed to enter surface drains, watercourses or coastal waters.* Care should be taken to ensure that oil or fuel used on boats is not spilt onto land or into

watercourses or coastal waters.* If any chemicals or disinfectants are used for boat or net cleaning or any other purpose,

ensure that they are stored in suitable containers and cannot be splashed or spilt ontoground, into a watercourse or into coastal waters.

* Generators and other equipment should be placed on trays to prevent oil and dieselentering the ground in the event of spillages.

* Segregate the solid waste and dispose off the waste at the designated place on harbor.

Best Practices

* Must not discharge any oil or any mixture containing oil into the sea if:- vessel is stationary;- the oil content of the effluent is more than 100 parts per miliion;- vessel does not have an oily-water separator; or- vessel is within a special area (protected areas)- Any paints or anti-fouling treatments used on vessel must not contain lead or

tributelene.* Do not dispose-off non-degradable litter over the side of your boat - dispose it on return

to shore.* Use a low-sulphur fuel to power boat if possible, to reduce the impact of burning fuel on

the environment.* Carry out routine maintenance on vessel to ensure that it uses fuel and oil as efficiently

as possible, and to reduce the likelihood of spills or leaks while at sea.* Contractors working on vessel or at berth should not permit any poisonous, noxious or

polluting matter or any solid waste to enter controlled waters.* Stored liquid wastes on land or on boat, should be stored securely and cannot escape or

be pumped by mistake into drains, watercourses or the coastal waters, or contaminatethe land where they are stored.

* Liquid waste including operational waste generated during the normal operation of theboat and oil and oily mixtures should be disposed at designated places on the harbor.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducdon Project 70


RECYCLING

5.4.11 RECYCLING INDUSTRY - PAPER RECYCLING

Pollution Potential* Air - Insignificant. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Newspapers are recyclable for six to eight times only for the manufacture of newsprint.De-inking of newspaper should be done by floatation and washing.

* Newspapers should be properly collected and stored away from sunlight. Keep paper dryand do not twine them.

* Glues and gum present in waste paper like labels, stickers and adhesive tapes should beremoved.

* Fibre should be recovered and remaining water can be recycled to the maximumpossible extent.

* Primary clarification is necessary before or after fibre recovery.* Primary sludge can be dried on sludge drying beds and can be reused as a fuel.* Clarified effluent can be used on land for crop irrigation.

Best Practicesi Wastepaper should not be stored for more than six months.* Recycling process shortens the fiber length. Therefore recycling shall be restricted to six

to eight times only.* While recycling, addition of virgin pulp is necessary to maintain paper quality.* Land filling of newspapers is discouraged as they degrade very slowly.. Proper storage of all papers away from sunlight is desirable to increase the shelf life.. Waste papers should not be stored for more than six months, otherwise fiber strength is

reduced.. Food wrappers, paper towels are avoided as they contaminate the final product quality.

Fiber recovery should be practiced.* Recovered fiber can be used for paper board making



5.4.12 RECYCLING INDUSTRY - ALUMINUM RECYCLING

Pollution Potential* Air - Significant* Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines* Air pollution prevention measures like Ventilation, scrubbing & filters should be provided

at the work place.* Personal protective equipment should be provided at the work place.

Best Practices* Workers should be allowed to work at short busts while working near furnace.* Records of accidents/mishaps should be maintained.* Regular health monitoring should be done and records maintained.



5.4.13. RECYCLING INDUSTRY - PLASTIC RECYCLING

Pollution Potential* Air - Significant* Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Plastics should be stored in fire proof environment.* Electric Connections should be checked regularly to avoid sparking.* Wastewater should be recycled after simple settling and chlorination.* Land filling of waste plastic should not be permitted.* Incineration of plastic waste should be prohibited.* Recovery of pigments, strengtheners or stabilizers should be carried out.

Best Practices* Cleaned industrial scrap should be first used as raw material.* Integration of recycling with manufacture of plastic products should be followed.* Old plastic scrap washing should be done using water spray to conserve water.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project 73Technical Environmental Guidelines (Wordd Bank)

5.4.14 TYRE RETREADING

Pollution potential* Air - Significant. Water - Nil* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Firefighting instruments should be installed at strategic locations in the plant.* The plant should be located away from human dwellings* Air pollution control devices like scrubbers are required for the control of volatile organic

compounds.

Best Practices

* The rubber should be removed from used tyres before retreading. It should be disposedas rubber crumbs

* Small pieces of rubber could be used as media matrix in fixed film fixed bed reactors fortreating wastewater.

* Rubber pieces could be used in cement kilns for firing as its heat value is high providedscrubbers are installed to control VOC's



FOOD BASED

5.4.15. OIL & VANASPATI

Pollution Potential. Air - nil. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

Oil and Vanaspati Waste

* Oil and Vanaspati waste is non toxic, biodegradable and can be discharged into waterbody or land (for irrigation) after suitable treatment like anaerobic/aerobic system.

* Attempt should be made to reduce the volume and strength of waste water by preventingspills, leakages and reduction in water use during vessel / machine washings, bysegregation of uncontaminated cooling water and recycling it.

Best Practices* Recover by products wherever possible


Technical Environmental Guidelines (VVorld Bank)

5.4.16 MILK PRODUCTION & DISTRIBUTION (SMALL DAIRY)

Pollution Potential* Air - Nil* Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Drains and pipelines in the dairy should be cleaned regularly with 1% caustic solution.* The wash water should be neutralized and treated for discharge.* Treated wash water can be discharged on land.

Best Practices

* Use 0.5 to 0.8 mg/l of bleaching solution for cleaning of all the vessels to avoid curdlingof milk.

* Discharge of wastewater into closed drain should be followed to avoid odour, fly andmosquito nuisance.



5.4.17 JAM, FRUIT JUICES AND PICKLES

Pollution Potential* Air - Nil. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Clean and healthy fruits and vegetables should be procured to reduce dust andorganics in the effluent

* Dry methods like vibration or air jet should be used to clean vegetables and raw fruitsto conserve water

* Dry peeling should be carried out* Use natural preservatives ex. Mustard/ sesame oil instead of chemical preservatives

while manufacturing pickles.

Best Practices

* Reuse concentrated wastewater.* By products should be manufactured to reduce solid waste.* Fruit and vegetable peels can be preserved to reduce solid waste ex. Citrus peels for

making candid peels* Other vegetable wastes can be used for preparing animal feed or vermi-composting* Following best manufacturing practices should be followed to reduce product

spoilage, increase consumption leading to reduce effluent discharge and solid wastegenerationo During grape juice preparation natural products like sodium alginate or pectin

may be added to prevent sedimentation.o To maintain the cost factor, 60%-75% juice and remaining water can be used

along with essence and preservative.o T. Hardness of water used shall be less than 40mg/l to prevent high pH and

discoloration of the juices.o To pasteurize the juices, they have to be boiled and then heated at low heat for

five minutes so that all the micro organisms are eliminated and the shell life of thejuice increases.

o Juice after bottling shall be stored for minimum four days prior to marketing toretain the natural flavors.

o While making mango pickle, they should be cut, cured and dried for few days insunlight to reduce the salt quantity (15% salt should be used for curing for 10-15days) and to increase the shelf life.

Implementation of water conservation and recycling measures be practicedUse steam instead of hot water to reduce the generation of wastewater.


5.4.18 SMALL CANTEEN, TEA STALL, TIFFIN, IDLI, DOSA & SNACK MAKING


Specific Guidelines

* Wastewater from these operations should be properly disposed in a drain/ septic tank.* Wastewater from these activities contains residues from food items and is non toxic. It

can be used for plantations like banana, coconut etc. after simple settling anddisinfection using bleaching powder. Wastewater can also be used as animal feed.

* Used tea leaves and used coffee powder acts as a good manure. It should be collectedseparately and used on land.

* Solid waste ex. Peelings from fruits and vegetables, waste food/ left over can be used asanimal feed. Alternately, they can be used for composting/ vermi composting.Composting can be carried out by disposing them in a 3'x3'x3' pit followed by covering itby a layer of soil.

Best Practices

* Smokeless chullahs are advocated to reduce air pollution.* Waste water from vessel washing can be reduced by the usage of disposable eco-

friendly biodegradable cups/ plates.* Generated effluent should be provided simple treatment like sedimentation / settling

followed by simple sand filter.



5.4.19 PAPAD MAKING

Pollution Potential* Air - Insignificant* Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Dust emissions may be reduced by using oil instead of rice flour during rollingoperation

Best Practices

* Boiled and cooled water should be used for dough making* Preservative like 2:1 ratio of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate should be used.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project 79Technical Environmental Guidelines (Vvodd Bank)

5.4.20 TAMARIND PROCESSING

Pollution potential* Air - Nil* Water - NIL* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Cleaned tamarind should be dried and stored in a properly covered container preferablyin bamboo baskets to provide good aeration

* Segregation and disposal of fiber and seed coats should be done in a pit by vermi-composting

Best Practices

* Seed coat removal and separation should be done using a mechanical means toincrease productivity.

* Sprinkling of common salt on tamarind is practiced to retains its freshness



5.4.21 MASALA POWDER MAKING

Pollution Potential* Air - Significant. Water - Nil* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* The room where grinding operation is carried out should be provided with exhaust fan forproper ventilation to reduce RSPM.

* Air pollution can be reduced by installing lid at the top of inlet and a simple bag filter atthe outlet of grinding machine.

Best Practices

Bag filters should be used while grinding spices to prevent dust pollution.



CHEMICAL BASED

5.4.22 PAINTS & VARNISHES/ SOAPS & DETERGENTS/ CLEANING POWDER/ DYES & DYE

INTERMEDIATES

The four product categories have been combined because they involve, only one step ofmixing in manufacturing at the anticipated scale of operation.

Pollution Potential* Air - Insignificant. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Waste water will be discharged from floor washing containing littered constituents ofpowders, solvents etc and cleaning of containers and mills. The waste water is expectedto be alkaline containing some oil and grease, BOD, COD and suspended solids.

* Avoid using drums if possible, especially for storage of large volumes of solvents. Theyshould be stored in specific storage area away from heat and also from workers.

* Consider replacing solvents with less volatile compounds.* While handling soap lye, care must be taken to avoid direct contact with hand.* Reduce emissions of the soap base and additives (stone powder, silicate, calcite,

essence, caustic lye, soap oil etc.). During grinding, mixing and extruding/cutting usinghood and cover at suitable places.

* In case of caustic cleaning, used caustic solution should be collected, stored and usedfor further cleaning.

Best Practices

* Excess wash water from soap manufacturing can be bottled and sold to the poor atcheaper cost.

* Reduction of waste water both volume and strength using in plant control measures.* Waste water to be reused for floor washing.* Prevention of accidental spills and leakages through proper maintenance and training of

workers.* Recommended Treatment includes physico-chemical and or biological treatment. This

includes adjustment of pH, coagulant addition, and biological treatment if required.



5.4.23 FABRIC DYEING

Pollution Potential. Air - Insignificant. Water - Significant. Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines* The major processes where water is consumed include Desizing, Kiering, Bleaching,

Souring, Mercerising, Printing, Dyeing, Soaping and others.* Segregation of dye bath effluent should be followed and treated by solar evaporation or

multiple effect evaporators may also be used* Solid waste (sludge from ETP) should be used for making bricks blended with clay.* Solution metering pumps must be used to avoid wastages and spills of dyes and

chemicals.* Recommended treatment for waste water includes physico-chemical and/or biological

treatment. This includes adjustment of pH, coagulant addition and biological treatment ifrequired.

Best Practices

* Provide proper recipes for each process* Optimize process, correct temperature can reduce the use of salt and dye.* Select valve and piping material to minimize corrosion and leaks.* Sweep up the spill and reuse the salt* Store dry materials, such as bags of salt or dye drums, on the floor and away from

liquids by placing catch pans beneath the material.* If a liquid product is spilled, dry cleanup, using absorbent clay. Don't wash it down the

floor drain.* Use dry cleanup methods; provide brooms, vacuums, and absorbent.* Provide suitable work areas, handling tools, and training to operators to spills.* Use counter current or multi-stage rinsing to reduce water use.* Reuse wastewater from processes in other processes that do not require high quality

water like Final rinse water from dyeing can be used as make-up water for the dye bath.Final rinses from scouring and bleaching may be used for makeup water in de-sizing.

. Avoid leaks by replacing steel valves and piping with plastic, which is a low-costproposition.

* Never discharge untreated fabric dying wastewater on land* Use of vegetable dyes be advocated and use of azodyes shall be prohibited* Dye bath effluents should be segregated.* Sludge from ETP should be mixed with clay and used for brick making* Solar energy utilization for dye bath treatment be encouraged* Use of carbonized coir pith and baggasse for dye waste treatment instead of activated

carbon to reduce cost and energy consumption.

Do's* Use only biologically degradable dyes like vegetable dyes.* Proper in-house management is needed.• Use solution metering or dosing meter for addition of dyes.* Use only dry material like saw-dust, sand etc. to absorb the spilled dyes.* Use lime powder to neutralize acid spills and collect it separately.



* Segregate dye bath effluent and provide treatment separately.* Solar evaporation or use of low cost absorbents should be followed.* Regular monitoring of air, water and solid waste should be done.* Maintain log books for raw material, water and electricity consumption.* Training for achieving targeted performance is needed.* Prepare and maintain an emergency preparedness programme.* Identification of environmental control measures and impacts.* Waste reduction at source.* Follow recycling wherever possible.* Product modification should be followed.* Solid waste should be treated in secured landfills.* Regular leachate monitoring should be done to improve the system.* ETP sludge should be used for brick making.

Don'ts* Do not use Azo dyes.* Use of ladles to add dyes should not be done.* Avoid spills.* Do not use water for cleaning dyes spilled on floor.* Do not wash out the acid spills with water directly.* Do not combine the dye bath effluent with other less polluting waste water streams.* Do not discharges dye bath effluent directly into the drain.* Do not use obsolete machinery.* Do not leave any open electric wires unattended.* Simple dumping of solid waste should be avoided.* Simple land filling should not be done as toxic metal contents leach out and pollute

ground water.



5.4.24 PESTICIDES STORAGE & FORMULATIONS (SMALL SCALE UNITS)

Air emissions may include solvent vapours and fugitive emissions during unit operations. A wastewater from pesticide industry includes pesticide, metabolites, isomers, intermediates, rawmaterial, formulation chemicals, solvents and surface active agents.

Pollution Potential* Air - Significant. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Only store enough pesticide for immediate use* All pesticide stores should be able to retain leakage or spillage up to 110% of the volume

in the store through duke/bund wall around the storage area.* Keep adequate amount of absorbent material ex. Sand to soak the spilt pesticide.* Waste pesticides should never be disposed of in to soak pit or into surface water drain* Do not dispose of pesticide washings by spraying them onto waste ground. Filling and rinsing of containers should be carried out well away from drains,

watercourse, wells, springs and boreholes* Store pesticide away from formulation process to prevent any spill or leak entering into

ground or surface waters.* The pollution prevention should be practiced given the scale of units. If the scale of

operation demand waste water treatment, the basic waste water treatment schemecomprises of three stages. The first stage consists of suspended matter and oil removal.The second stage includes removal of toxic organics by absorption through activatedcarbon. The third stage includes conventional biological treatment. This may includeconventional activated sludge process or solar evaporation pond system. The specificguidelines for solar pond evaporation system is given below.

* Solar evaporation pans shall constructed in such a way that the bottom is atleast onemeter above the ground level.

* Solar evaporation pans shall be leak proof and of impervious construction* The solar evaporation pans shall be designed on the basis of evaporation rate

matching to the output of wastewater.. Wastewater level in the solar evaporation pans should always be at least 1 to 1.5 feet

below the overflow level. Moreover the total depth of the water should also beminimum to enhance faster evaporation.

. Wastewater must be pretreated as below before subjecting to solar evaporations.

- Oil & grease and floating organics shall be removed so that the rate ofevaporation is not affected

- Acidic/alkaline waste must be neutralised before solar evaporation to maintain pHin the range of 6.5 to 8.5.

- Toxic volatile matter shall be removed so as not to cause air pollution.

. During rainy seasons, storm water shall not be allowed to mix with processwastewater and enter the pans. The wastewater shall in no case, outflow from theevaporation pans. Alternative arrangements shall be made to hold the wastewater inproper impervious tanks and, if necessary, force evaporated.



* In no circumstances, the liquid effluent shall be discharged without conforming to theminimal national standards or stored in a holding arrangement which is likely tocause pollution.

* The sludge, from the solar evaporation pans shall be incinerated or disposed as perthe guidelines for management and handling of hazardous waste, published by theMinistry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, after obtaining authorizationfrom the state pollution control board under the Hazardous Wastes (Handling &Management) Rules, 1989 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

* The facility should be protected from flood and storm to prevent embankments fromerosion or any other damage which may render any portion inoperable.

. Facilities should have protective enclosure to keep wildlife, domestic animals,unauthorized persons, etc. away.

Best Practices

* No pesticide waste should be discharged in to any water bodies.* Treatment should be provided inside the factory itself.* Use of air filters by the workers should be made mandatory.



5.4.25 PLASTER OF PARIS & PLASTER OF PARIS PRODUCTS

Pollution Potential. Air - Significant. Water - significant. Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Run off from mixing area (where dry plaster mixes with water) is high in suspendedsolids and should not be allowed to enter water courses or the sewer. Proper settling beprovided to conserve the water and reuse it.

* Recycle or treat damaged plasterboard.

Best Practices

* Air pollution control devices should be provided to prevent dust emission.



5.4.26 MATCHSTICKS MAKING

Pollution Potential. Air - Nil. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Hazardous chemicals should be stored in a protective, RCC lined flooring with sun/ rainproof ceiling

* Hazardous chemicals should be properly labeled and their storage should be monitoredregularly

* Unwanted/ spoiled hazardous chemicals should be disposed with utmost care* Wastewater from match industry should be solar dried, but while collecting the dried

chemical, no scratching should be done to avoid chances of explosion.. Wastewater generated during glue preparation should be segregated and treated

separately. Since the quantity is small, lime/ alum addition may be tried based onwastewater characteristics.

Best Practices

On-site emergency plan should be prepared and implemented

* Safety systems including firefighting equipments should be in place* Regular maintenance and checking of electrical equipments should be carried out to

prevent short-circuiting, sparking etc.* First aid box should be maintained* Proper ventilation should be provided.* Proper sign boards & safety instructions should be displayed at strategic places to

prevent accidents.* Proper training should be provided to all employees



5.4.27 CEMENT PIPE MAKING

Pollution Potential. Air - Significant. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines* Cement powder, mould release oils, and concrete-curing agents should be stored in

areas away from storm water sewers, and sources of water.* Store cement powder under cover and keep it dry in order to prevent wastage.* Ensure that adequate measures are taken to prevent run off from concrete operations or

wash out from entering drains and/or watercourses.* Concrete contains chromium, which is potentially polluting not only to watercourses but

also to groundwater. Washing out of machinery/ equipments, concrete hoppers andmixers must take place in areas away from storm water sewers, channels andwatercourses to prevent water pollution. Where possible, store and reuse wash waterafter settling.

* Water that comes into contact with cement powder or workable concrete can be highlyalkaline, with a pH reaching up to 12. Ensure that liquid wastes are stored securely onyour site while they await disposal or recovery and cannot escape into drains,watercourses or surrounding ground.

Best Practices* Use of air filters by the workers be made mandatory to prevent suffering from silicosis



5.4.28 CERAMICS / POTTERY

Ceramics manufacturing includes production of potteries, sanitary wares, tiles and structural clayproducts.

Pollution Potential* Air - Significant. Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Major sources of air pollution includes fugitive emission source during crushing and sprayglazing of articles. Solid waste generation includes raw material wastage during crushingand product leakage.

Specific Guidelines* For particulate matter, units having capacity up to 5 tpd, Hood should be provided with a

stack of 30 metre height from ground level (including Kiln height).* For sulphur dioxide emissions, the stack height limits for kiln having coal consumption

below 8 MT should be 9 meters.* Provide enclosures, water sprinkler system/cyclone/bag filters.* Provide settling tank for water if filter scale of operations is higher.* Broken green wares are fully recycled.

Best Practices* Recover raw materials through air pollution control devices.* Use water based acrylic glaze.* Proper ventilation of kiln to prevent inhalation of poisonous gases.* The broken fired products cannot be recycled and should be disposed at normal

dumping sites.* The cool ash from kilns should be sold for construction activities.* Un-utilized glaze from spray should be recycled. At least the first wash from the drain could

be recycled for use.



5.4.29 GLASS

Pollution Potential. Air - Significant. Water - Nil* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Nil

Specific Guidelines

Other than lead glass

* Raw materials should be transported in leak proof containers.* Cullet preparation should be dust free using water spraying.* Batch preparation section should be covered.

Lead Glass

* Measures for the fugitive emission control from sections like batch mixing, proportioningsection and transfer points should be covered

Best Practices* Solid waste generated should be re-used in the process


Technical Environmental Guidelines World Bank)

5.4.30 PAPER MACHE TOYS

Pollution potential* Air - Significant. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Only waste pulp from paper mills should be used.* Only vegetable dyes should be used for colouring* Solid waste should be recycled back* Water from washings should be settled and reused in the process. No wastewater

should be discharged outside

Best Practices

* Training should be provided to workers to improve the product quality.



5.4.31 SILVER ANKLET MAKING

Pollution potential* Air - Nil. Water - Significant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Nil

Specific Guidelines

* Waste hydrochloric acid should be discharged only after lime neutralization.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduction Project 93Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank)

5.4.32 TIssUE PAPER

Pollution potential

* Air - Nil• Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Ready paper pulp should be used* Paper trimmings should be recycled in the process itself to conserve raw pulp utilization

Best Practices

* This activity can be carried out nearer to the pulp and paper industry.



HIGHLY AIR POLLUTING

5.4.33 STONE CRUSHING

Pollution Potential

* Air - Significant. Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Use of face mask by workers should be made mandatory to prevent silicosis.* No mining activity should be carried out near the human habitats* Improvements in crushers and vibrating screen should be done to reduce pollution.* Sprays should be located as close to the points of emissions as possible.* Dust containment enclosures should be provided.* Development of green belt around the periphery of the unit should be done.

Best Practices* Cleaner production technologies should be followed.* Spraying of water using nozzles should be carried out.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduction Project 95Technical Environmental Guidelines (Wodd Bank)

5.4.34 CHARCOAL PRODUCTION

Pollution potential

* Air - Significant. Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines* High raised chimney is required.* Proper leak proof insulation should be provided to the kiln.* Air Pollution (dust and smokes) controlling devices are mandatory.* Dust control during handling and transport should be ensured by sprinkling water* Ash should be used as manure/or for land filling

Best Practices

* Coal fines and granules should be disposed by bricquetting.

* Activity should be carried out away from the human dwellings and in an area protectedby trees with broad leaves for dust accumulation.



5.4.35 BRIQUETTE INDUSTRY

Pollution Potential* Air - Significant* Water - nil* Solid / Hazardous Waste - nil

Specific Guidelines

For control of emissions/and proper disposal of pollutants, the following guidelines shall befollowed by the industry:

* A minimum stack height of 20 metres shall be provided.* All ovens shall be modified to single chimney multi-oven systems.* Emissions from ovens shall be channelised through in-built draft stack.I Optimum heat utilization techniques shall be used.* In case of units having capacity of 10 tonnes and above, wet scrubbing system shall be

provided to control air pollution.



5.4.36 BRICK KILN

Pollution Potential. Air - Significant. Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* For units having production capacity less than 15,000 bricks per day (less than 15 fttrench width), minimum stack height of 22 m, or, induced draught fan operating withminimum draught of 50 mm Water Gauge with 12 m stack height should be used.

* For units having production capacity of 15,000-30,000 bricks per day (15 to 22 ft trenchwidth), minimum stack height of 27 m with gravitational settling chamber or Induceddraught fan operating with minimum draught of 50 mm Water Gauge with 15 m stackheight should be used.

* For units having production capacity of more than 30,000 bricks per day (more than 22 fttrench width), minimum stack height of 30 m with gravitational settling chamber orinduced draught fan operating with minimum draught of 50 mm Water Gauge with 17 mstack height should be used.

* Alternate fuel like rice husk, baggasse should be supplemented instead of firewood.* Install filters to chimneys* Fast growing fuel wood should be planted around the brick kiln to control air pollution as

well as a source of fuel.

Best Practices

* Face mask during high dust operations should be used to prevent workers from sufferingfrom silicosis

* Ventilation of kilns after firing should be used in preventing of inhalation of dangerousgases and fumes.

* Proper leak-proof insulation around the kiln should be used to improve brick quality andreduce fuel consumption.

* Conserve fuel by controlling airflow by covering the tunnel opening.



5.4.37 LIME KILN

Pollution Potential. Air - Significant. Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

In lime kilns coal and lignite is used. Other fuels like fuel oil, coke etc are also used. Thequality and type of fuel plays an important role on the quality of lime production andemissions.

Specific Guidelines

* To control particulate emission in kilns for up to 5tpd, a hood should be provided at thetop of kiln with a stack of 30 meter height from ground level (including kiln height).

* Sizing and thorough mixing of the charge components, lime stone and fuel, should becarried out prior to charging.

. Admit air in proper amounts to cool the lime and also supply preheated air forcombustion.

* Use cyclone/hood or other dust control devices to control air pollution/landfill.

Best Practices

* Leak proof insulation to optimize heat and energy use.* The kiln should be designed for improving thermal efficiency like Masonry shell can be

replaced by steel shells.* The kiln should be lined with proper refractory bricks and well insulated to minimize heat

losses.* Incorporate discharge devices for the discharge of lime at regulated intervals.* Recover over burnt lime, hydrate it and salt it.* Use lime dust for agriculture land treatment.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reductbon Project 99


5.4.38 GRAIN AND RICE MILL

Pollution potential

. Air - Significant* Water - Significant (if parboiling is carried out)* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Major sources of air pollution are fugitive dust emissions from pre-cleaning and millingoperation and air pollution from fuel burning. The major sources of waste water are soakingoperation and washing of paddy. The solid waste consists of husk, bran, broken rice andash. The waste water are generally high in BOD and COD concentration and occasionallyconsists of oil and grease.

Specific Guidelines

* Local exhaust ventilation should be employed to control the dust and air contaminatesinside mill house.

* Bag filters should be used to control dust.* Ash trap should be used.* Exhaust ventilation must be fitted with dust collectors.* New energy efficient boilers should be used.* Effluent treatment plant should be installed to treat wastewater and recycle the treated

water for the process.* Husk is used as a fuel in the furnace should be sieved properly to remove inorganic dust

before charging it into the furnace.* Waste water can be treated by using conventional treatment system consisting of

screening, oil and grease separation and biological treatment schemes. Biologicaltreatment scheme may include two stabilization ponds.

Best Practices

* Recovery of rice bran oil should be encouraged.* Check rejects in the raw paddy to reduce solid-waste generation.* Use ash as manure / byproduct like sodium silicate can be recovered from ash.* Husk should be used in insulation / packaging.* Fine grains, unmarketable should be used as poultry / animal feed.* Husk should be used for bricquetting.* Regular maintenance of milling machines should be carried out.* Waste water could be used for crop production, pisiculture etc.* Thorough/complete polishing of rice should be avoided.* Ensure regular maintenance of the entire machine including conveying system to control

fugitive emissions.* Dust needs to be collected regularly from the mills premises and particularly from mill

house.* The reject material may be used for filling up the low lying areas.* Ash can be used as manure in the local agricultural fields.



DRY ACTIVITY [MINIMAL WATER USE FOR WASHING PURPOSES AND MIXING]

5.4.39 SAMBIRANI (DHOOP MAKING)

Pollution potential

* Air - Insignificant• Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Mixing of bulking material, charcoal, resin, saw dust, glue, gum and water should bedone in a vessel using wooden ladle.

* Wastewater can be disposed into drains/soak pits.

Best Practices

. Carryout the activity in a group to optimize material purchase, storage, packing,marketing and output.



5.4.40 CANDLE MAKING

Pollution potential

. Air - Significant

. Water - Negligible* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Vegetable oil should be used for lining the moulds.* Direct heating of wax should be avoided.* No molten wax should be discharged into the drains.* Wax should be stored in a separate specific room.* Adequate firefighting equipments should be installed.

Best Practices

* Reuse/recycling of solid waste should be followed.* Molten wax should never be left unattended.



5.4.41 BEEDI MAKING

Pollution Potential* Air - Insignificant* Water - Nil* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Nil

Specific Guidelines* Water used for soaking tobacco leaves should be conserved by reusing it for other activities

like floor washing, flushing of toilets and land application / horticulture.* After rolling beedies hands be washed thoroughly to avoid ingestion of alkaloids.* While smoking the bundles of beedis in a wooden sieve, care must be taken to keep the

children away from the smoke.

Best Practices* Children should be prohibited from beedi rolling.* Use of disposable gloves while beedi rolling should be practiced.



5.4.42 WOOD CARVING

Pollution Potential* Air - Insignificant. Water - Nil* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* Soaking of wood in kerosene before carving should be carried out in a covered tank toavoid kerosene fumes.

Best Practices* Instead of using sawdust, wood shavings should be used as fuel directly.* Bricquetting of the wood waste should be encouraged.



5.4.43 COIR ROPE MAKING

Pollution Potential* Air - Significant* Water - Nil* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines* Solid waste generated should be recycled for bricquetting to get high value fuel* Children should be kept away from the activity to prevent inhalation of coir dust.

Best Practices* Gloves should be used to prevent palms from getting cut.* This activity should be carried out in Rain / Sun proof sheds.

Instead of manually operated hand wheels, simple cost effective dynamo operated onesmaybe advised to increase the productivity.



5.4.44 LEATHER GOOD MANUFACTURING

Pollution Potential* Air - Nil* Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Insignificant

Specific Guidelines* Regular monitoring of water usage.* Handling and disposal of dyes with care, making sure they are not spilled.* Use dispensers for solvents and adhesive containers to avoid repeatedly removing of the

lid.

Best Practices* Leather trimmings should be collected and processed to manufacture leather boards.* Storage of organic solvents and adhesives in enclosed containers when not in use.* Store rags and brushes used with organic solvents in enclosed containers after use.

Do's* Pickle liquor should be segregated and sun dried.* Vegetable tanning using tannin should be encouraged.* Chromium should be recovered and reused if chromium tanning is followed.* Leather pieces, trimmings should be used for leather board making.* Chromium sludge should be converted into bricks/disposed only in secured land filling.* Develop green belt around the tannery unit to control odour.* De-hairing should be done by mechanized means, and hair should be used for making

carpets/brushes etc.* Fast growing, saline tolerant trees should be planted near the tannery boundary.* EIA studies should be carried out prior to project implementation.* Employ Useful mitigation techniques.

Don't's* Do not combine high salinity waste water with other less polluting streams.. Do not discharge waste water from this process into any surface water/ground

water/open drains.* Chrome laden sludge dumping should be avoided.* Use of chemicals for de hairing should be avoided.* Do not discharge untreated waste water into open drains or use on land.* ETP sludge should not be disposed near any water bodies, or human dwellings.* Unskilled/illiterate workers should not be forced to do any skilled work without proper

training.



5.4.45 POTTERY AND TERRACOTTA ITEMS

Pollution potential. Air - Insignificant. Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - Significant

Specific Guidelines

* For baking waste material like coir fibre / pith / baggase should be used instead offirewood.

• Firing should be done in a properly insulated furnace with a chimney.* Solid waste should be segregated and disposed properly.



5.4.46 WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE

Pollution potential* Air - Insignificant* Water - Insignificant* Solid Waste / Hazardous - insignificant

Specific Guidelines

* Proper filtration unit should be designed for better functioning.* Filtration unit should consist of free board, sand grain, grit, crushed metal, perforation

followed by rain water sump with back wash pipe.* Rain water sump should be designed based on runoff calculation so as to optimize the

cost and workability.* It should be away from ground water polluting sites like septic tank, privy, solid waste

dump etc so as to avoid contamination of ground water.



Figure 5.1 RAIN WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURETYPE -I

Groundlvwl SIZE 15 l1.5 x 2.0 mts

15. COARSESAND15 °JO c O E ...... . . .. .. . O0.3 mn

25 %/ 20mm METAL .5

50 4brrum METAL X1O m

SECTION AT x x

02 2rn

-- > ~~~1 usn

PLAN



5.4. SITE SPECIFICATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE,

ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH CONSIDERATION

Site specification, design and engineering considerations and steps to incorporate environmentaland heath consideration have been identified and described in table 5.2. for each activity.

The effluent treatment schemes for such units include conventional techniques viz. Septic tankand activated sludge process. The plan and layout of these schemes are shown in Fig.5.2,5.3and 5.4.

5.5. ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL ACTIVITIES

The activities, which fall under environmentally critical projects, are slaughtering, tanneries andfabric dying. These are high water consumptive and effluent discharge activities, which requirestrict implementation of mitigation measures. The report has compiled a list of characteristics thatwill help identify the activities which create potential hazard to the environment, which may bedue to large scale units causing chronic harm to the environment or also due to numerous smallscale units.

A list of critical sub-projects which should not be supported by TNEPRP is enclosed in Annexure11 and Annexure 12 shows the WHO list of banned pesticides.

5.6. ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ACTIVITIES

activities which do not create environmental problems and are environmental friendly andprofitable as a business enterprise are recommended and described in Annexure 10.



\entilation ipe 100mm Inspection dia 300mm

r~~d 4 _ Outlet ____.

Sewage inletslope 2 5 % (1 in 40) o o> 8 dia 12m-m 10- ° - 2

dia 12mm e1e r2 200mm

inside waterproofliner

4 dia 12x 2600mm every2 rows b deinand te beam

. l IE E 3E B~~~~CE O D CE -

550 L

100 -

0 E IsqJ3qo0a\

mmin 15mOrrinbuilding 2295 . P concreteblockstilledwitth concreteor boundary

EI

Fig 5.2. Septic tank 2500 litres - 5 persons max.



Wr

.~ i S v.o

Figure 5.3. Process Flow of Activated Sludge Process

A

_ _i_

Grit Tank Settling Tank Digester Sludge Drying Bed

[ rimaryTreatment Secondary Treatment

Fici. 5.4. Layout of Wastewater Treatment



Table 5.2 Proposed Activities with their Associated Considerations.

Activity Site Specifications Infrastructure and Design Environmental Health Considerations

Consideration Considerations

Construction of * Place: Household, schools, Proper Drains should be Collection well should Water should be treatedWater buildings with proper roofing provided for flow of water. be away from ground by settling to reduceHarvesting and open spaces can be used. A filter bed before collection water polluting suspended solids andStructures * The site should be open to Sky well (with cover) should also be sources ex. solid simple permanganate or

and away from air polluting provided. waste disposal, septic bleaching powder shouldunits. tank, soak pit etc. be used for treatment.

Irrigation Bore Site should be away from * Pucca well with cover No trees nearby Regular monitoring ofWell Garbage dumps/refuse piles, should be provided. water for coliform and

car repair or fuel (petrol) sales *Proper drainage of water strepto-cocci and physicooutlets, industrial away from well. chemical parameters to

operations/storage facilities * Raised than ground level so check seepage ofetc. by 100meters as to avoid surface water pesticides, traces ofSeepage pit or cesspool by 50 intrusion. heavy metals etc should

meters.* Pit toilet (privy; latrine), animal

pens, barns, fields fertilizedwith dung by 30 meters.

* Septic tank, surface waterbody by 15 meters.

* Drain, ditch, house by 7meters.

Land The site: Site should be developed There should be The site should notDevelopment * Should not be floodable, low keeping all the possible plantation around land contain contradicting

lying, sodic, acidic etc. facilities/amenities/infrastructure to control air and land uses resulting heath* Should be free from any kind required depending on the land noise pollution impacts.

of natural or man made use allocation of the site.disasters.

* Should be developed keepingair and solar orientations.

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduchon Project 114

Technical Environmental Guidelines (WNorld Bank)



Cultivation of The site should be away from the The site should have good The site should not be Periodic monitoring ofCash Crops human habitation and animal irrigation facilities. encouraged at the ground water for the

shelters. cost of basic crops presence of pesticides.resulting in soildegradation andorganic farmingtechnique should befollowed.

Construction of The site: * Proper roofed, ventilated Biogas plants to * Adequate personalsheds for * Should be 500 meters away and lighted shed, with digest cattle dung and protectiveanimals from the habitation and should sufficient water and fodder waste fodder or equipments for

not be in upwind direction of facility should be composting facilities. workers should behabitation area. constructed. provided ex. nose

* Should not be low lying area. * The site should have proper masks etc.* Should not be in a wind shield drainage for effluent * Human baths should

area. discharge. be provided so to* The site should be fenced reduce infection

and earmarked. possibilities.Pesticide The site should be away from The store room should have No washing of spilled * Adequate personalDealership human dwellings. enough air control devices pesticides and no protective

(Scrubbers/air filters). discharge into the equipments fordrains should take workers should beplaced without prior provided ex. nosetreatment. masks etc.

* Human baths shouldbe provided so as toreduce ingestionpossibilities.

* Ambient air qualitymonitoring.

Constructing * The roads should have * Roads should be pucca with Tree plantation on * Provide dust controlsRural Roads preferably north south proper camber and both sides of road to by water sprayers





orientation to avoid sun glare. drainage (both sides) control air and noise during construction* The site should not be a * Adequate road pollution should be and during operation.

floodable or water logged area. infrastructure such as provided. * Workers should be* The site should not alter the pedestrian walking area, Provide shade to provided with

natural drainage pattern of the bus stop, trees, street pedestrians and adequate Personalarea. lighting with proper lux cattles. Protective

levels with respect to traffic Equipments (PPE)conditions, rain shelters etc during constructionshould be provided. phase.

Constructing The site: * No temporary or kutcha Water and waste . The school shouldresidential * Should be close to main structure should be used. water treatment have protectedschools and habitation area. * The construction materials facilities like Soak drinking water sourceheath care * Should not be located in and which are prone to fire pits, septic tanks with propercentre around water logged areas. should be avoided. should be provided. chlorination.

* Waste lands can be used for * Basic amenities 'like water,such purposes. electricity, sanitation should

be provided.* The site can be used for

water harvesting.* Heath care center with few

beds and all amenities tohandle emergencies shouldbe provided.

Construction of The site should be away from * The site should be deep * Fish culturing with * Water be treated andvillage ponds human habitats and away from with sloping bunds. proper nutrient checked for coli

* There should be a facility addition should be forms and Strepto-sewage and industrial discharges. bund to prevent waste water done. cocci.

discharge into the pond. * Regular weed * Direct washing of* There should be enough removal should be cattle should be

plantations around it. carried out. avoided in the pond.* There should be proper * No sewage





fencing to prevent /industrial wasteaccidents. should be allowed

* Water input should route to enter the pond.through gabion channel soas to avoid siltation andother pollutants to travel into the pond.

Plaster of Paris This activity should be carried out There should be spacious room * Air pollution * Hand and eye washin a well ventilated and illuminated with bag filters to control dust. control devices should be provided.room. should be * Workers should be

provided. provided with* Waste water adequate PPE's

should be settledand reused.

* Trees should beplanted all alongthe area to controlair pollution.

Paper The manufacturing location should * Adequate infrastructure * Toxic vapours Ground water andManufacturing be nearer to the agricultural should be provided for should be surface water sources

activity to use agricultural chopping, pulping, etc. controlled. should be monitoredresidues, baggase. * Space should be given for * Waste water regularly.

storing hazardous treatment plant ischemicals. needed to treat it.

* Closed and damp proof * Segregation ofroom should be provided for black liquor andstacking finished products caustic recoveryaway from direct sunlight shall be followed.and dampness. * No black liquor

should bedischarged.





Glass * Fenced enclosure with proper * Chimney, filters, furnaces * Air pollution Adequate PPE's shouldventilation and natural light with proper refractory brick control by tree be provided for workersshould be provided. lining should be provided. plantation and air

* Should be away from human pollution control to avoid accidents.habitation to avoid accidental devices.exposures. * Solid waste

* Should not be upwind of management foragriculture and residential the waste glass.area. * Storing of inputs

and outputsshould be done ina protected areafree from leaching.

Crackers The site: * Adequate infrastructure * Dust control * Adequate PPE's* Should be located at safe facilities should be provided devices should be should be provided

distance from habitation area. in terms of machinery, fire provided. for workers.* Should not be upwind of fighting equipments, water * Settling tank for * Provision of eye and

habitation area. tanks etc. waste water hand wash for* Should be away from any should be immediate care

storage or godowns containing provided. should be given.flammable materials. * Only rolling and

packing should be.Permitted.

Ceramics The site: * The site should have Provisions should be * Provision of hand,* Should be located at safe adequate infrastructure in made for: eye and body wash

distance from habitation area. terms of machinery, water * Scrubbers for should be made to* Should not be upwind of tank, storing spaces etc. toxic metallic avoid ingestion of

habitation area. vapours. toxic chemicals.* ETP for waste * Adequate PPE's

water treatment to such as gloves,prevent ground goggles etc shouldand surface water be provided.





pollution.* Proper ventilation

and sun lightprovisions.

* Only water basedacrylic glazeshould be used.

Leather The site: * The site should have * As far as possible * Use of gloves andProcessing * Should be away from drinking adequate infrastructure tanning (chemical) personal hygiene.

water sources and should not provisions in terms of should be * Adequate provisionbe uphill of drinking water soaking, tanning, de hairing, avoided. for PPE's to cater tosources. liming. emergencies should

* All leather processing units * The site should have be made.should be agglomerated at one machinery for leatherlocation. pressing, trimming etc.

Rice and grain * The site should be nearer to The facility should have: * No parboiling * Air filters should bemilling the grain pulses and * Large containers/silo for should be carried used.

agricultural produce godown. storing, milling machinery out. * Personal protectiveetc. equipments should

* Dust controlling devices like be used.bag filters.

* Water sprayers etc and* Other necessary

infrastructure.Fish Meal * The site should be nearer to The unit should have: * Unaesthetic * Enough plantations

raw material source like Seri- * Proper resource availability, condition and around the unit toculturing, slaughter houses preservation facility- Cold odour should be prevent odour.etc. rooms, processing units. controlled. * Facility for workers

* By products recovery and * Solid waste bath to controlother required composting yard spreading of infection


Technical Environmental Guidelines (WVodd Bank)



infrastructure. should be in etc.place.

* Waste watertreatment plantshould beinstalled.

Cleaning * The site should be near to the The unit should have: The site should have: * The unit should havepowder from fly thermal power plants. * Water storing facility * Dust controllers adequate provisionash . Water sources/wells like bag filters. for PPE's in terms of

* Enough green belt nose mask etc.development fordust control.

Activated * The site should be located The unit should have: The unit should have: * The unit should havecarbon from near rice milling units. * Properly insulated kilns with * Green belt PPE's like Nosepaddy husk high chimneys with filter. development mask, etc.

* Water sprayers for dust around the unit.control. * Settling tanks to

. Drains for the flow of waste settle ash andwater laden with coal fines. coal fines.

* Adequate infrastructure forstoring, processing theproduct.

Oil extraction * The unit should be close to * The facility should have No solvent extraction,raw material and resource adequate infrastructure in no hydrogenationavailability. terms of oil storage should be carried out

containers, storage yard, in the unit.processing area etc, whichshould be well ventilatedand lighting arrangements.

Detergents * The unit should be in enclosed The unit should have: The unit should have The unit should havearea with restricted entry, * Well ventilated rooms with dust control systems adequate provision of





should be away from storage space. like bag filters. PPE's.habitation. * Moulding machines.

* Nearness to schools etc * Water source / well / othershould be avoided. source.

* Adequate infrastructure forbetter operations.

Phenyl * The unit should be away from The unit should have: * Only simple Personal hygiene.human habitations so as to * Few plastic buckets for mixing should beavoid accidental ingestion. diluting. allowed in the

* Mixing with wooden ladles. process.* Water storage tanks/well. * No direct* Packing facility. discharge of the

waste watershould be allowedon land.

Cleaning * The site should be located The unit should have: The unit should have: Workers should bePowder near to rice milling unit so that * Husk ashing facility. * Simple settling of provided with adequate

rice husk which is a solid * Dust controlling systems. the waste water in PPE's.waste can be utilized for * Packing facility and other a settling pond.making cleaning powder. adequate infrastructure.

Tyre * The site should be away from The unit should have: * The unit should PPE's such as masks,Retreading habitation and should not be * Dust controllers. dispose waste gloves etc should be

located upwind of habitation * Glue storing tanks. rubber to cement provided to workers toarea. * Proper storage space for units, which can avoid accidental

hazardous compounds and use it in cement exposure.clearly be labeled and other kilns due to itsadequate infrastructure high heat value.should be provided.

Plastic * The site should be away from The unit should have: * Enough green PPE's for workers safetyRecycling habitation and should not be * Air control devices. cover around the ndhealth

located upwind of habitation . Plastic melting units. unit should be a





area. * Moulds. provided.* Scrap storing yard with * Air pollution

washing and drying facility control devicesand conveyance drains for should bewaste water. provided.

* Other infrastructure for * Waste waterbetter performance. settling tank

should beprovided.

Poultry units * The site should be away from The unit should have: * Droppings shall be Odour controlhabitation and should not be * Cages with proper flooring collected daily andlocated upwind of habitation with lighting arrangements. disposed byarea. * Water tanks/wells. composting.

* Pesticide spraying gadgets.* Storing spaces.* Cold storage if required and

any other infrastructure forappropriate functioning.

Dairy units * The site should be located The unit should have: * Waste water Odour control, pestnear to animal rearing units. * Biological effluent treatment treatment system control and workers

systems comprising is essential. baths should beequalization, primary provided.treatment clarifier,anaerobic/ aerobic units,secondary treatmentclarifier, sludge drying beds.

* Chiller, pasteurizing,bottling, packaging facilities.

* By product recovery unitsand any other requiredinfrastructure.





Inland and * The site should be located in a * Boats, fishing nets, trawlers, * No oil waste or Fishes should beCoastal water pollution free zone so as ice boxes for fish chemical waste periodically tested forFisheries to have better yield. preservation and any other should be heavy metal deposition

infrastructure if required. discharged into to avoid human healththe water source. effects after

consumption.Piggery * The site should be located The site should have: * No slaughtering

away and outside the * Enclose with facility to should be carriedvillage/city limit. collect pig dropping out inside

* Fodder storage area. priggery.* Pig living area * Solid waste must* Waste water discharge be composted.

system.Prawn * The site should be located The site should have: * No directCultivation near the coastal belt. * Culturing fields discharge of used

* Dosing meters for chemical water into seaand antibiotic additions. without prior

* Cold storage facility. treatment.Fabric Dyeing * All dyeing units should be * The unit should have dyeing * Use only PPE's like gloves etc

located away from drinking vats, electricity, water vegetable dyes should be provided towater sources. source and any other . Azo dyes should workers to avoid

required infrastructure. not be used. accidental contacts.* Dye waste should

be treated by solarevaporationpans/low costabsorbents.

* Spilled dyesshould beremoved usingsaw dust/sand





* No water shouldbe used.

Brick Making * The site should be located The unit should have: . Tree plantation PPE's like face masksaway from human settlement * Brick kiln with complete around the kiln etc should be provided toand close to thermal power insulation, high chimney site should be workers to avoidstation. fitted with filters. carried out for accidental contacts.

* Water sprayers for dust Dust control.control. * Use of alternate

fuels like, ricehusk, baggase,should beencouraged toconserve fuelwood.

Tissue paper * The site should be located The unit should have: * No pulp The unit should use airmaking near to pulp and paper * Air pollution control devices processing should filters and proper

industry like scrubbers needed to be carried out. personal hygiene.scrub SO2, NOx and CO2. * Solid waste

* de inking unit if waste paper should beis used. compacted.

* ETP should beprovided to treatwaste water.

Spring Steel * The site should be located * The unit should have * Green belt Use face mask whilewire making near steel plants and away melting furnace, wire development to working near the furnace.

from habitation area. drawing machines, cooling control hot air, Wash hands to preventtanks, water, electricity, and noise and air ingestion of heavywinding machines, chrome pollution. metals.plating, galvanizing baths * Acidic water(electrolysis). neutralization

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _t a n s. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ta n k s ._ _ _





Charcoal * The unit should be located The unit should have: * Green belt PPE's to be provided tomaking away from human dwellings. * Completely insulated development workers.

enclosures for wood around the areamaking. should be

* Smoke control using provided to controlchimney with filters. dust and smoke.

* Water sprinklers. * Water sprayersshould beprovided to controlcoal dust and ash.

Glue Units * The site should be located * Fresh skin/hide stacking * Odour control by PPE like face masksnear the tannery. yard. planting plants in should be used for odour

* Lime storage. green belt area. control.* Acid drums. * Effluent treatment* Boiling vessel. comprising* Glue drying roller drums. equalization tanks,* Any other infrastructure if anaerobic lagoon,

required. aerobic activatedsludge unit,secondaryclarifier.

* Sludge dryingbeds.

Paints and * The site should have The unit should have: * The unit should PPE's like masks andVarnishes enclosure and located away * Paints and varnishes storing follow zero goggles should be used

from human dwellings. vats. discharge norms. for safety from solvent* Hazardous chemicals * It should fumes.

storing room. incinerate the* Fire fighting equipments. waste water.* Solution metering pumps for

dye and solvent addition.





* Mills for disposal.* Any other infrastructure if

required.Bio-fertilizers * The site should be located The unit should have: * Leachate Use of PPE'sand pesticides. near agricultural fields or * Bio-fertilizer preparing pits, prevention should

animal rearing sheds. enough biomass collecting be carried out byand storing area. storing on cement

lined floors.Fuel * The unit should be located The unit should have: The unit should have: Use of PPE's.bricquetting near coir products industry or * Chimney with filters to * Air pollution

rice mills or tamarind control CO2 and CO. control devicesprocessing units. * Bricquetting machines and should be used.

* Down wind direction from cutters. * Enough green belthuman dwellings. * Any other infrastructure if development

required. around thebricquetting areashould be done.

Synthetic * The unit should be located The unit should have:Adhesive from near gypsum generating units * Waste waterGypsum or where gypsum is naturally treatment.

available. * Gypsum shouldbe stored awayfrom the mainworking hall.

Dyes and Dye * All dye industries should be * All hazardous chemicals * Zero discharge Use of air filters andintermediates agglomerated at one location. should be stored in a closed norms to be PPE's to control

* The site should be located room with precautionary followed by accidental exposure.away from drinking water measures. followingsources. * Water tanks, wells, incineration of

incinerators should be waste water.provided.





* Stacks with facilities tomonitor stack samplesshould be provided.

Aluminum Foil * The site can be located close * The unit should Use of PPE's.Making to aluminum scrap industry. use Aluminum

scrap.* No aluminum

extraction shouldnot beencouraged.

Cement Pipe * The unit should be located * The unit should have The unit should have: PPE like eye wash, bodyMaking near a cement manufacturing enough water available for * Bag filters for wash etc for workers.

unit or away from dwellings mixing and curing. control of dust.and in a downwind direction. * Large area for stacking the * Green belt

pipes. development* Moulds and any other around the unit.

infrastructure. * Settling tank tosettle thesuspended soils.

* Reuse the settledwater.

* No discharge ofwaste water.



6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

6.1 INTRODUCTIONA key objective of the TNEPRP is to support employment generation and livelihoodsimprovement for the poorest sections of the populations in the project areas. The projectwill accomplish this objective through a participatory and community-driven process. Inorder to ensure that the environment is not compromised in the process of livelihoodgeneration, an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) has been developed forthe project. The framework approach has been adopted so that the environmentalaspects can be adequately addressed for a vast range of sub-project activities that couldbe potentially proposed by the communities and supported by the TNEPRP.

Components of EMFThe EMF lays out the road-map for the activities pertaining to the environmental aspectsof the sub-projects, that have to be carried out at the planning, approval andimplementation stages of the sub-project cycle. The specific objectives of the EMF are:

* To mitigate adverse environmental impacts of proposed sub-projects.* To enhance the environmental benefits of sub-projects, and promote livelihood

activities that are environment-enhancing.* To ensure the long term sustainability of benefits from sub-projects by securing

natural resource base on which they are dependent

The EMF comprises of the following components:* Environmental appraisal procedure for categorization of sub-projects and

triggering of appropriate mitigation measures (presented in Chapter 4)* Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs), which have been developed to

address the environmental concerns associated with the specific sub-projectactivities likely to be supported by the TNEPRP (presented in Chapter 5) Theseare complemented by a list of sub-project activities that would not be supportedby the TNEPRP due to their negative environmental consequences. (Annexure-10)

* Environmental monitoring and evaluation Plan* Environmental Training and Capacity Building (presented in Chapter 7)

The procedures and materials that have been developed as components of the EMF forthe TNEPRP will be compiled as the "Environmental Resource Manual" for the Project,which will aid in the implementation of the EMF at various levels and stages of the sub-project cycle.

6.2 APPLICATION OF EMF

The EMF will be applied to all the sub-project activities supported by the TNEPRP,through the planning and implementation stages of the sub-project cycle. The planningstage includes the development of the Village Livelihood Plan by the VPRC.

The steps that describe the application of the EMF in the above mentioned stages of thesub-project life cycle are explained in Table 6.1.



Table 6.1: EMF Activities in the Sub-project Cycle

. Z Responsible EMF Activities OutcomesX Agency

uC

VPRC, with help J. Development of Village Livelihood Plan VLPof LFT, PFT, and (VLP)CRPs.

VPRC K. Submission of VLP to DLBSG forappraisal

DLBSG L. Environmental Appraisal of VLP* Environmental appraisal is a part of * Record of recommendations

(DLBSG appoints the over-all appraisal of the sub- and conditions for finalan Appraisal project activities comprising the approval, for each sub-projectTeam (AT); the VLP. in the VLPEnvironment and * Environmental appraisal checks for * Completed form A-1 for eachEco-friendly absence of the proposed sub- sub-project comprising the VLPLivelihoods officer project activities from the list ofdesignates the "negative" activities.Environment * Appraisal indudes environmentalAppraiser on the categorization (El, E2, or E3) of theAT) sub-project activities in the VLP.

* Completion of Form A-1 for eachsub-project activity comprising theVLP

* Relevant TEGs (from the ERM) areattached to Form A-1 for each sub-project activity.

c * Conditions for final environmentalclearance are also recorded in FormA-1.

M. Appraised VLP returned to VPRC0)

E DLBSGcu N. VLP Communications Campaign0s

VPRC and GramSabha 0. Submission of individual sub-proiect

Proposals to VPRC or PLF * Environment-relatedSub-project * Form A-2 to be completed by information required for theproponent sub-project ponetfinal clearance is made

P P sub-proJect proponent available (Form A-2)

P. Environmental Assessment of individual

VPRC Sub- sub-proiect proposals Final environmental clearanceprojects Sub- * Ensure that TEGs and other * rFided foroel classcommiftee (with measures recommended during the sub-projects that meet thecepommittee (ith VLP appraisal (Form A-i) are requirements stipulated inhelpuofedL) Gi incorporated in the proposal. Fr -required) .Form A-i

* Ensure that the requirements ( as El and E2 class sub-projectsstated in Form A-1) for final that do not meet theclearance are met. requirements are sent back to

* For El and E2 class sub-projects, the sub-project proponent, forthe proposal is cleared at this stage revisions.if the requirements in form A-1 are * Completed Form A-3 for Elmet. and E2 class sub-project

* If the sub-project activity is classed proposalsE3, ensure that EIA is conducted * For E3 class sub-projects, theand report submitted with the EIA report is forwarded toproposal. The EIA report. is DLBSG for evaluation.submitted to DLBSG for evaluation.



a Responsible EMF Activities OutcomesAgency

Environmental Q. Evaluation of the EIA report (for E3 sub- * Final decision for E3 class sub-

a Appraiser on AT pro ects) project proposals.

ca * Sub-project proposal activity is * Completed form A-3 for E3a rejected if the EIA report does not class sub-project proposals.

0X adequately address the anticipated_) environmental impacts.C: C * ~~~~~~~~~If the EIA report is acceptable, the

sub-project proposal is given thefinal environmental clearance andforwarded to the VPRC.

DLBSG R. Monitoring and Evaluation* 5% of the El and E2 class sub- * Half-yearly audits, with yearly

projects in operation are randomly monitoring reports

o selected for environmentalmonitoring each year.

o * All E3 dass subprojects areE monitored for the specifiedn parameters at the monitoringE frequency stipulated in the

monitoring plan prepared as a partof the EIA.

6.2.1 APPLICATION OF EMF DURING SUB-PROJECT PLANNING

According to the institutional design of the TNEPRP, the Village Poverty ReductionCommittee (VPRC) is charged with developing a Village Livelihood Plan (VLP). TheVPRC will develop this Plan with the help from the Project Facilitation Team (PFT),Community Resource Persons (CRPs), etc. and will submit the VLP for a technicalappraisal to the District Livelihoods and Business Support Group (DLBSG).

The DLBSG will appoint an Appraisal Team (AT), to conduct a technical evaluation ofthe sub-project activities that comprise the proposed VLP. The AT will include anEnvironemntal Appraiser, who will be responsible for the environmental appraisal ofeach of the proposed sub-project activities. Specifically, the environmental appraisal willinclude the following for each sub-project activity comprising the VLP:

* Check for absence from the list of activities not supported by the project due totheir serious adverse environmental impacts (Annexure-10)

* Environmental impact categorization (El, E2 or E3), per the methodologypresented in Chapter 4.

* Prescription of relevant TEGs from the Environmental Resource Manual,suggestions for enhancing the positive environmental impacts for the proposedactivities, and supplementary conditions for approval, for all the activitiesapproved at this stage. Sub-project activities in the E3 category will have themandatory requirement of conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA).



Form A-1(refer Annexure 15) will be completed by the Environmental Appraiser foreach sub-project activity comprising the VLP. One copy of the form will be sent back(with the appraised VLP) to the VPRC, and one copy will be for the DLBSU.

After the VPRC receives the approved VLP, it will be presented to the Gram Sabha andsubsequently disseminated in the village population, through a communicationscampaign organized around the sub-project activities comprising the VLP.

It is at this stage that a Self Help Group (SHG) interested in a particular sub-projectactivity will begin to prepare a sub-project proposal. In addition to considering thefinancial, technical, resources and livelihood aspects of the proposed activity, the SHGwill also consider the environmental aspects of the proposed activity in the chosengeographic and natural resources setting. The SHG may take assistance from the CRPsand the PFT, in the consideration of the environmental aspects of the proposed activity.The SHG will be required to fill the Form A-2(refer Annexure 15) and enclose it with theactivity proposal. The Form A-2 is required to ensure that all the suggestions andconditions outlined in the Form A-1 are met by the activity proposal. This form will alsoprovide the relevant site-specific environmental information.

Once the sub-project activity proposals are submitted to the VPRC (or the PLF), they willbe forwarded to the Sub-projects Sub-committee of the VPRC for appraisal. During theappraisal, the sub-committee will verify that:

* The TEGs recommended in the Form A-1 have been incorporated in the activityproposal

* Any modifications for environmental enhancement suggested in the Form A-1have been incorporated in the activity proposal

* Any conditions mandated for final environmental clearance outlined in the FormA-1 have been met.

Form A-3(refer Annexure 15) will be used to record the extent of compliance of thesub-project proposal with the requirements stipulated in the Form A-1. For the sub-project activity proposals categorized as El or E2 during the VLP appraisal, the VPRCsub-projects sub-committee will only need to ensure that the requirements andsuggestions outlined in the Form A-1 have been incorporated in the proposal. Finalenvironmental clearance will be provided at this stage for El and E2 class sub-projects.

For the sub-project activities categorized as E3 during the VLP appraisal, the sub-committee will ensure that the required EIA has been conducted by the SHG. Theactivity proposal and the EIA report will be forwarded to the DLBSG for review. Thereview would be conducted by an Environmental Appraiser appointed by the DLBSG. Ifthe EIA report is found to adequately address the environmental issues associated withthe proposed sub-project, the DLBSG will issue the final environmental clearance.Otherwise the sub-project proposal will be returned to the proponent through the VPRC.The final environmental clearance (or rejection) would be recorded on Form A-3.

The essential requirements of EIA report are outlined in Annexure -16.



6.2.2 APPLICATION OF EMF DURING SUB-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

The EMF activities during the sub-project implementation phase pertain mainly tomonitoring and evaluation, which is described in the following section.

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND AUDITING

6.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION

At the district level, the DLBSG staff would be responsible for verifying that the EMF isbeing correctly and adequately implemented. The Eco-friendly Livelihoods andEnvironment Officer at the DLBSG will have the specific responsibility for ensuring thatthe EMF guidelines and processes are being followed, and that the recommended TEGsare being implemented for all the sub-projects in the district. For this purpose, the Eco-friendly Livelihoods and Environment Officer at the DLBSG will identify a district-leveleenvironment agency which will conduct the environmental supervision of the sub-projects. The supervision will be conducted every six months, and reports shall besubmitted by the contracted agency to the DLBSG, which will include it in their overallsupervision report to the SPMU.

A sample of the El and E2 class sub-projects would be randomly selected forenvironmental supervision. Every six-months, 5% of the El and E2 class sub-projects inoperation will be supervised.

All E3 class sub-projects will be supervised in accordance with the environmentalsupervision and monitoring plan prepared as a part of the EIA. The environmentalparameters to be monitored and the frequency of supervision will be specified in theenvironmental management plan prepared for the E3 class sub-projects.

Environmental supervision would focus on ensuring that:

* the measures aimed at mitigating the adverse environmental impacts andenhancing the positive environmental impacts are being implemented adequately

* the recommended measures (as stipulated in Form A-1 and/or in the EIA) areeffective

* any unforeseen adverse impacts on the environment are acknowledged andaddressed

6.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND AUDITING

The SPMU will contract a consultancy and environmental audit of TNEPRP to anexternal agency once in two years to assess the effectiveness of the EMFimplementation. The external agency will be an independent civil society organizationwith capacity in the area of environmental management and consulting. The principalobjectives of the consultancy and the audit will be the following:



* Assess the technical viability and user-friendliness of the processes andprocedures comprising the EMF developed for TNEPRP.

* Assess the accuracy of application of the environmental screening process* Assess the implementation and effectiveness of the mitigation measures and

TEGs* Report qualitatively and quantitatively on the sub-projects cumulative impact on

the environment, including the impact of the environment-enhancing sub-projects* Explore for possible areas of conflict between environment conservation and

livelihood generation, and report on the effectiveness of EMF from povertyalleviation perspective.

* Evaluate the implementation of community environmental awareness andsensitization programs.

* Understand the changing environmental conditions and emerging environmentalconcerns in the TNEPRP areas, and recommend revisions to the EMF in thisregard

Depending on the results of the above evaluations, the consultancy/audit must rate theenvironmental performance of the TNEPRP in accordance with the World Bank criteriaas described below:

4. Highly satisfactory: Projects where the environmental components are beingimplemented in a timely and satisfactory manner.

5. Satisfactory: Projects where there are some unpredicted impacts but they do notundermine the progress of execution of projects and are addressed by theresponsible agency.

6. Unsatisfactory: Projects where there are major problems in execution due tounexpected environmental impacts, and where the EMF is not beingimplemented properly.

The terms of reference for the external environmental consultancy and audit will includedetails of the sample, scope of the audit and details of the key environmental parametersto be monitored.

6.4 CONCLUSION

The Environmental Management Framework developed for the TNEPRP has beendescribed in detail. The various activities that would be undertaken in course of theimplementation of the EMF have been presented, along with the description of theresponsibilities. The environmental supervision, monitoring and auditing, which comprisethe EMF during the implementation and operational stages of the sub-projects have alsobeen described. For effective implementation, the EMF needs to be appropriatelyanchored in the organizational structure of the TNEPRP, which is described in thefollowing chapter.



7. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND

BUDGET

7.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the proposed organizational structure for implementation of theEMF in the TNEPRP. The structure has been designed with the objective of ensuringthat environmental considerations are mainstreamed into the design and implementationof the sub-projects, without compromising livelihood generation for the poorest sectionsof the communities. This chapter also provides a description of the recommendedapproach for environmental training and capacity-building. Finally, budget estimates areprovided for the various EMF activities that would be undertaken in course of the project.

7.2 PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT

The basic administrative structure for the TNEPRP is shown in Figure 7.1. Theadministration will be organized at the state, district, block/cluster, and village levels. Abrief description of the major project implementation agencies is provided below:

State Project Management Unit (SPMU): At the state level, the SPMU will beresponsible for the overall project. In addition to the responsibilities for coordination andguidance of the project, the following are some of the specific responsibilities of theSPMU:

* Financial management at state level* Sourcing and hiring of staff at state and district levels* Identifying and positioning facilitating agencies at cluster level* Appointing resource organizations for institution and capacity building,

livelihoods, communications, monitoring and evaluation, environment, etc.* Developing modules for campaigns, communications, capacity building etc. at

various levels.* Developing the process flows for key activities of the project* Facilitate the policy environment in favor of institutions of the poor and enhance

pro-poor orientation in governance at various levels* Convergence and partnership support

District Livelihood and Business Support Group (DLBSG): The DLBSG will beresponsible for all the project activities in the district. The following are some of thespecific responsibilities of the DLBSG:

* Identification and management of resource agencies/groups for various aspectsof the sub-projects.

* Providing support to SPMU in identifying facilitating agencies* Capacity building of facilitating agencies, VPRCs, SHGs, etc.* Building panels of technical appraisers* Management of funds flow to VPRCs* Monitoring and learning

Project Facilitation Team (PFT): The PFT will operate at the block/cluster level, andwill be responsible for the following activities:



* Communication campaigns during project entry into the village* Identification of poor through a participatory process* Formation of VPRCs* Support in mobilization of the poor into groups* Support in building the capacities of groups and their federations* Support to VPRCs in livelihood analysis and in developing village livelihood plans* Support in sub-project process* Support in implementation of livelihoods plan* Support in monitoring and evaluation

Village Poverty Reduction Committee (VPRC): The VPRC will be the agencyresponsible for implementing the project in the Gram Panchayat. The following aresome of the specific responsibilities of the VPRC:

* Ensure the formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and to ensure that the poor arecovered under the SHGs

* Ensure participatory planning for the enhancement of livelihoods of the poor.* Development of village livelihood plan* Appraisal of sub-project proposals* Coordination of funds flow to the sub-project implementing groups and

monitoring of sub-projects implementation



Figure - 7.1 Project Organizational Structure

GOTN

State level TNCDW

STATE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT............................ ......................... ........................C MNAEEN UI

District level District Livelihood & Business Support Group. . Advisory Committee with

I Collector as Chairperson...................................... I..................................................................................

Block level~~~~~~~~~......... ..- ........................ ....................................................... .............. ................. ...................... ..................................................... .......

Project Facilitation Team

,. | Federation of Activity

, .S S7,,s/Pl F Federation................................................................................................... .................. ..................... ............... ............................. .......... ........... ........................ ....

Grama Sabha ...... ......... VPRCPL

Grant items

SHGSHG Activity

Loan items Groups

(Subproiects)



7.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMF

SPMU Level:

At the state level, the Business Development Manager - Livelihoods Planning andEnvironment (BDM-LP&E) will be responsible for the overall environmental aspects ofTNEPRP activities. The BDM-LP&E will be placed in the SPMU, and will be charged withthe effective implementation of the EMF, including the environmental training programand the external environmental audit for the whole project (to be conducted once everytwo years).

DLBSG level:

At the district level, the DLBSG staff will include an Environment and Eco-friendlyLivelihoods Officer. Some of the specific tasks of the Environment and Eco-friendlyLivelihoods Officer will be:

* Identification and capacity-building of resource persons at district level forcreating capacity for environmental appraisal of village livelihood plans and sub-project proposals

* Identification and capacity-building of resource agency for conductingenvironmental audits of the project activities

* Ensure environmental appraisal of village livelihood plans and sub-projectproposals

* Supervision of environmental assessment process* Serve as master trainer for environmental management training programs* Facilitation of external environmental audits* Implementation of specific environment-enhancing sub-projects

Block and Village levels:

While the environment-related project positions are limited to the state and district levels,the TNEPRP will aim to develop capacity for environmental management at the blockand village levels as well, through environment sensitization and awareness campaigns.To this end, the campaigns will target capacity building in the village and block levelagencies like the VPRC and the PFT, as well as in the Community Resource Persons(CRPs).

The project institutional structure with the above-mentioned environment-relatedpositions is presented in Figure 7.2

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduction Project 137Technical Environmental Guidelines (WoLd Bank)

Figure - 7.2 Project Organizational Structure

GOTN

TNCDW

State level

b | Environmental AgencySTATE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT l1 (Env. Traininq and Audit)

District level District Livelihood & Business Support Group . Appraisal Team (includes(includes Environment and Eco-friendly Livelihoods Officer) Environmental Auraiser)

No \I, Environmental Agency(District Level)

Environmental Audits

............ I.................................................................................. . .... .. ..... ....I..... ................ . -................ ........ ......... .... ........ .. .... ..... .. ..........

Block level............. ... ..... ................... ............ ............. . .... .. .. ... .... ......... .......... .. ............i. ........... ... .. ........ .... .. .. . .

| | ~~~~~~~~Project Facilitation Team |

/ - | Fed~~~~~~~~~~eeration of ActivityCluster level (10 Panchayat

Village Level

ram VPRC l ommunitySabam ............... PLF Resource

Sabha ............................ , s .Persons (CRPs)_

Grantitems

< . \ ~~~~~Loan item\

SH A G (Subpro~jects/



7.4 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING

The training program developed for the TNEPRP aims at building environmentalawareness and environmental management capacity in the project administrationstructure as well as in the intended target communities. The training programs for thestaff in the project agencies at various levels as well as for the village communities willbe organized by an Environment Agency, which will be given the overall responsibility forenvironmental training and capacity building on a state-wide basis.

The training program has two distinct objectives:* to develop and enhance capacity for environmental management in the project

implementation agencies, and* to create environmental awareness and sensitization in the target communities

Technical Training for Environmental Management

The Environment Agency will develop a specific training program for the key officials ofthe project, focused on the procedural and technical aspects of environmentalassessment and management. This training would be mandatory for Environment andEco-friendly Livelihoods Officers and the Environmental Appraisers from the DLBSG ofeach district.

The training will involve initial orientation, main training program and refresher trainingprograms. The main and refresher training programs will be for a duration of 2-3 dayseach, where as the initial orientation workshop will be of duration of one day. Refreshertraining program will be offered once every year. The main themes of the content of thetraining program will be:

* Environmental overview* Need of environmental impact assessment studies* Tools and techniques for environmental assessment* Environmental mitigation measures* Environmental regulations and Acts* Pollution- its classification, monitoring* Environmental Management Framework: Familiarization with the Environmental

Resource Manual (ERM) for the TNEPRP* Micro-level activities and environmental related issues.* Technical environmental guidelines - Techno-economically viable treatment options

including raw material handling, proper system for collection, segregation andstorage.

* Reduction, recycle and reuse options.* Eco-friendly technologies and its importance.* Coastal based activities and its limitations.* Energy needs- use of non-conventional and renewable energy sources.* Proactive environmental intervention through innovative sub-projects* Conservation of natural resources

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduction Project 139Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank)

* Disaster and crisis management

General Training for Environmental Awareness and Sensitization

For the purpose of general environmental awareness and sensitization, the mastertrainers at the Environment Agency will develop a Core Group of Trainers (CGT) in eachdistrict. In addition to other members, the CGT will include the Environment and Eco-friendly Livelihoods Officer and the Environmental Appraisers from the DLBSG of eachdistrict. Ideally, the CGT in each district would have at least 5 trainers. The CGT trainerswill in turn train the trainers, who may be the key officials in the village/block levelagencies of their region as well as the interested community resource persons (CRPs).These trainers will then target the communities in their respective regions, focusing onthe following topics:

* Linkages between environment and poverty* Basic concepts in environment and ecology* Environmental issues in the community/region* Micro-level activities and environmental related issues.* Technical environmental guidelines - Techno-economically viable treatment options

including raw material handling, proper system for collection, segregation andstorage.

* Waste-reduction, recycle and reuse options.* Eco-friendly technologies and its importance.* Coastal based activities and its limitations.* Energy needs- use of non-conventional and renewable energy sources.* Conservation of natural resources.

The training programs will be organized regionally and will be designed to reachextensively in the target communities. It is intended that each community will getexposure to at least three environmental awareness programs during the five-yearproject period.

7.5 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

All environmental information collected through the monitoring and evaluationcomponents of the TNEPRP will be integrated into the Management Information System(MIS) of the TNEPRP. The information will be updated regularly and integrated in to thedatabases of the state and regional environment agencies.



7.6 BUDGET

No. Particulars Amt. Amt.

(Rs. Mill.) ('000 US $)

I DLBSG:

(a) Sub-project Environmental Audits 4.00 88.889

[2 audits/district/year x 5 years x 8 districts]

[Rs 50,000/ audit]

2 Environmental Agency:

(a) Technical Training: Env Assessment 4.00 88.889


(b) General Training: Env Awareness 5.00 111.111


(c) Project Environmental Audit and Consultancy 5.00 111.111

(every two years)

TOTAL: 18.00 400.000

Note: The exchange rate used is $1 = Rs.45



i

II

i

iiI

Annexure - 1

50. =Slaughter House. Aleat and Sea Effluents Concentration in mg/lFood Indust-yCategoryA Slaughter House

(a) Above 70 TLVWK BOD (5 at 200C) 100Suspended Solids 100Oil and Grease 10

(b) 70 TLWK and above BOD (5 at '0°C) 500

B Meat Processing(a) Frozen Meat BOD (5 at 20°C) 30

Suspended Solids 50Oil and Grease 10

(b) Raw Meat from own BOD (5 at 20°C) 30Slaughter House Suspended Solids 50

Oil and Grease 10

(c) Raw Meat from other Disposal via Screen andsources Septic Tank

C_ Sea Food Industry BOD (5 at 20C) 30Suspended Solids 50Oil and Grease 10

Note: (i) TLWK - Total Live Weight Killed.(ii) In case of disposal into municipal sewer where sewage is treated the industries shall install

screen and oil & grease separation units-(iii) The industries havmin slaughter house along ith meat processing units will be considered in

meat processing category, as far as standards are concerned

67. Edible Oil & Vanaspati Efflueuts.Industry

Temperature ambient Not more than 5-C above of thetemperature recipient waterbody.pH 65- &5SuLspended solids 150 mg!IOil and grease 20 mglBOD (3 days at 27QC) 100 meCOD 200 mg/IWastewater Discharge(i) Solvenit extraction 2.0 cum/tone of product (oil)(ii) Refinery.Vanaspati 2.0 culintone of product

(refined oil/Vanaspati)(iii) Integrated unit of 4.0 cuma/tone of refined

extraction & refinery/ Vanaspati productVanaspati

(ivr) Barometric cooling 15.0 cuml'tonne of refinedwater/De-odoriser oil/vanaspatiwater

Note:(i) The above standards shall be applicable to waste water form processes and cooling.

(ii) BOD shall be made stringent upto 30 mg if the recipient fresh water bodv is source of drink-ing

water supply

(iii) The standards for boiler emissions shall be applicable as prescribed under Schedule I of hese niles

56. Dairv Effluents Concentration in Quantum pertug. l product processed

pH 6.0 - 85"'BOD (5 at 200C) 100*bSuspeuded Solids 150Oil and Grease 10Waste Water generation --- 3m3/d of milk

51. "'Food and Fruit Processing EfTluents Concentration Quant

Industry not to exceed gUiINMT ofmg/i except product

Category pHA. Sofi Drinks

(a) Fruit based/Symbenic pH 6.5 - 8 5(More than 04 MT/Day) Suspended Solids 100bottles and tetrapack. Oil and Grease 10

BOD (5 at 200C) 30(b) Synthetic (Less than 0.4 Disposal via ---

-MT Dav) Septic Tank

B Fruit and Vegetables(a) Above 0.4 MT Day pH 6,5 - 8.5 ---

Suspended Solids 50Oil and Grease 10BOD (5 at 200C) 30

(b) 0-1-04M.1T'Day Disposal via ---

(1 OMT/yr) Septic Tank

C Bakery(a) Bread and Bread & Biscuit

(i) Continuous process pH 6-5 - 8-5 ---(more than 20T,Day) BOD (5 at 200C) 200 25

(ii) Non-continuous Disposal viaprocess (less than Septic Tank2OMT/Day)

(b) Biscuit Production(i) 10 T'Day & above pH 6.5 - 8.5

BOD (5 at 200 C) 300 35

(ii) Below lOT/Day Disposal v iaSeptic Tank

D. Confectioneries Effluents(a) 4 T/Day and above pH 6.5 - 8.5

Suspended Solids 50Oil and Grease 10BOD (5 at 200 C) 30

(b) Below 4T/Day Disposal viaSeptic Tank

Note: The ascertain the category of 'unit fails' the average of daily production and waste water discharge for thepreceding 30 operating days from the date of sampling shall be considered.

42. Paint Industry EffluentsWaste Water Industry pH 6-0-8 5

Suspended Solids 100BOD5 200C 50Phenolics as C6HSOH 1.0Oil and Grease 10.0Bio-assay test 90% survival in 96 hoursLead as Pb 0 1C hroiiuuui as Cr Hexavalent 01Total 2.oCopper as Cu 2.0Nickle as -Ni 210Zinc as Zn 5.0Total heavy metals 7.0

8 Dve and Dye Concentration not to exceed

Intermiediate milligrams per liter (except for

Industrv pH, temperature and bio-assay)

Suspended Solids 100pH 6to85TemperatLre Shall not exceed 5°C above the

ambient temperature of thereceiving body.

Mercury (as Hg) 0.01Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr) 0.1Total Chromium (as Cr) 2.0Copper (as Cu) 3.0Zinc (as Zn) 5.0Nickel (as Ni) 3 0Cadmium (as Cd) 2 0Chloride (as Cl) 1000Sulphate (as SO4) 1000Phenolic Compounds 1.0(as C 6H5O0HOil ad Grease 10Bio-assay Test (with 1:8 900o survival of Test animalsdilution of effluents) after 96 hours

The standards for chlorides and sulphates are applicable or discharge into inland and surface

water courses. However, w.hen discharged on land for irnrgation, the limit for chloride shall not

be more than 600 milligrams per liter and the sodium absorption ratio shall not exceed 26

40 Peestcike EffueniaUfactUring and

FormulaiuIndidustrv1. T empexatue Shall mix eceed 5C abeve

Ehe receivmg water remp2 pH 6.5 - S.53. 01 &Grase4. BOD(5 dzary 0C) 305. oul Suspended Solids 2 G

6. Bio-assay test Xvi. srvival of fish afhl95 howrS m 100r% effluent.

7. (2) Spe.fic Pesfidds:Benzene Heuachlonde : 5

DDT 30Endowlfm 10Dihmedwate 450Femsothion 10MalaIrm Phorate 10Medlyi Paraunm '0PhenaEbOate 10

C0pper oxyc e 9600C:opfr Sulphate 50Ziram :No

5-1.pbw ~~~30Paracai B2300Propond 7300N.:rosen 7 so

(b) Hea%7 Motals:Copper 1.00Mane e I 00

1 .00Merry 0.01Tin 0.01Anvotbermealike'ickeIei. Sh, n axr4.d 5 fmm t.

Cng watw manda!t of B3S(C) OrganksPbao and phenob compounds 1.0as CHOH(d) Iuor,mn'CsAxiemuc ('as As) 0.2Cvamre (as CX) 0.2NZitrase (V. NO-) so 0Phc,Mphate ta5 P) 5.0

tI axnLS uKdbe .[ftp6 l md LIe= EdiLe Oft Maldrzp bdw d1L-

4 5b"Bc L'trarzmv icCaln i[ci bmrds ahBFXi.'D=5S PtunLmItdn a*,m isCy bia tikit masbij mad moef If ihev at li*d nsuwrjid.a. eLvvbw0 1AoiiIa Iay be

pr4xr*ci km e A 1km hby y1uu tii Sta Bw.6 wu e requiici U, L nd ,mek1WtAttn n 'Pa2ft kMwa by nt *,*aI 1OiPWLC,7 A- pwme ; *m. be *,ipuiv to f",wa* r, *at, b w? hae ap6fep

61 Ceramic Imdostrv Emi;i,uns Concentration

A. Mmr.(a) Tunce. Top Hat Chamer Particulate matter 150

FLuoride 10Chloride 1 00Sulp1uxrdiot~de

ii Down-dra- Paticuiatemattec 1200Fluoide 10Chloride 100Sulphar dioxide

(c) ',buirle Particulate mater 150Fluoride 10Chiwde 100Slpbu dioxide *

(d) Vertcul sbaft Kiln PartiCuLIAte Matter 250Fluoride 10Sulpur dioxide

(e) Tank fimace Padticulate mter 150Fluo0ide 10Sctph aioxKae

B. Raw Mainal haznfdnL Proceiingamd operatins(a) Dry raw mauinals landim ad Patwulate matter 150

proces&ing operation.(b) Bask raw mteral ad Particulate mar

pcesing operatw00(c) Other som-ces of air pollition Particulate mater *

generationC. Aummatic Spray Uniy

(a) Dryersp11 Fuel fired dives Particulae marter 150

L]) For beat rtrcovry drYers Particlate waiter *

(b) Mechan"aI fuishmg operanoo Partculate matter(c) LimePlsters of Paris

marfacture Capaaty:1iE tpiD DTay Sacd HeighT Hco slod be

lp wbd ivh at sucof 30 mrf haef et mp level (Tbhdxrin

i.L; Abcwe 5e .dav Stack HeuL-i H=4(Q)" 9 e Q iesiium te or L oSO inkgArr and H-SM&r m

ii) More ta ST,Aay Particulate mat 500 qi(iv) And upto -*T day Partiate marttr 150 rgN'

Note :- Oxyen refene level for paiculate m comcemnatim cakulatii fo Kilusmeioned at A(c) is IS% and for those at A(b), A(d) and A(e) i; 8%

* AAL p;uble prevenave meaiure; sbould be Taken to ctom l polUlimw. C far aspraticable.

i + The ;madard for siphw dioxde in tems of rtack height imit forkilns with vnrizxoscapartes of coal coemptior shall be as jdicated below:call c4muid px dfy S& t kL 6.5 dMaic Toam 9mMn &= i3so 21 ).taicTm 12 mM=

Mum d= 21 mo 42 Matuic 15 TmbkmM. 42 to 64 Mauc Ta. 15 mm.iMm d=64 a 104 Muic Ta 21 maw=Mm.&a 104 to 101 Mbic Tom m

md 05 to 126 Muic Tew 27nmM. zm 125 Manx Tam 30 M m

Norn- In dug fiahc~ H-1F k a Std. t -Em & mk

'48 GlUss l uustr' E2rnuionsA. Sodaimne & Boro;ite md

other -ec,MI Glas. Ko±e r.

(a' Fwmace Capaciiy(i, Upto a producr draw Parbrulate Matter 2.0 kE"hr

capadwr of 60.MT.'Dii(ui Proct draw capaciry Partculaie Matter 0.8 kEM' of product drawn

mwue d 60C'MTday(iii) FDr aU capadies Stacl He ehr H=14(Q)j; where Q is te

emissim rate of 5S, inKEv,r ad R ack hein met.

(b) Imp:ememanon of rhe foJmvink measurei for fitive emiisio coutol fromocEr secbons:-

Rawmnaterials shoJd be tanspted in eA proof containrsli: Cuilet preprion ;bod be du= See using water sptuymE(iii) Bawh prepariom section ibould be cwered.

B .ead Ga;s(a) Furrnace;

ALI capacities Priculate Miatter 50 ma'NM'Lead 20:N i:M1

(b) Imp_emeion o: tIe :ou[owirE .meaia;es for fi#ive etnision comaol fromother sectiLonc-(i) BazcL mixm&, prpoTtDin ecton 2 ansfei pDimt Es:=d be covered

and it shd be coiicrted tD conttml equipments to meet te -]-Dhownstandar&-

Paticulale MatTer 50 mznNM'Lead 20 me-NM'

(ii) MizLrrn= Stack beiib shoiud be '3' meters ir ead ei;s tLmits.(c) Pot Furace a' Firozabad

F=nce Particulate Mater 12C3 meC Z 'NMNab Depr1 mpo lol rw_Lam*i caiins, S=D'C=I[ P]bhtm Cow Baud cm

pr.mmocib mr stcmuiw itmd& im d pcribmd abm's.

C-Lass ridustries (for aL categor.e) EffuentpH 6.5 -_STotfl ispended 1W0 mgjSo]idiOI a.nd Grease 10 M&.I

'11 Stone Crsiinu unit Sui;perAed particulaTe marer Tbh upended pLrtc:dcaeaz.trei meafSwed betwein 3mierra, and 10 meteri form anyprcess eqLipm-et of a star;ecruhinE uirt sba, not exceed600 micogan per cuk:cmeter.

*37. Stone Crushing SupEaeded Partctla Matter The Smards consi3t ofLnit (SPM%( ) rwo paus:

foiowiuag Pc1hilio ControlHum:(a) Dtu cmu&mr r am

rEM eqipw.

(b) Cmcdm of indrealled mad wivm the

Id) Reauar cleming adPeing of d.e mon

(e) Gaum* o'f La be]t&m th erilpay.

kir te SPM:¶me,~edbetsem tm

nlzt andi tEn n3eiM fMMay p = eq#imm of a

exceed 6 'nnaogamr peubir w] fi a

coimBed iBsola as well aIGm a mit l in acbir sbmM be 3ess ihmtoo mg. Nma 'in

Sm ida ul SL No. Il maibe reied.~ Cmn<a humwe beeunmade as eCORRIGENDUM NatikabmNo. SO Y(E). 1ed31l.1219

&6. Soft Coke Indusitrv Pa-icate ma-ie'T 350 c .- N '(corrected io 6'*6 CO.'

Note: thret scrubbitqg :-;zen a[0r2 w-,th byprodi;t recovery yir-em slI1 be pao'dded.

Guideies for Emission Control to Lmprove Work Zone Enriroikment (appicablefor industries at sffiI numbers, 64, 65 and 66):

(a) Water used fw uenchim d wet icrutng i be r2calculated and reuseddhTougŽ CatcŽpirs.

(b) Leakages il te oven shall be ealed by beita3ite or by any itable paste and byprDuer mintenaxe tD avoid fuiiv emissions.

Gaidehues for Coal Handlig and Crashing Pluat (applicable to industries at serial11mbeTs 64: 65 and 66):

(s) Unloadine of coal tucks shall be carried out witn uprw care avoiding doppgof the manmia -!rom geib. It is adis'iab]e to moist tie mafte1 by priklinwater while im1oading

(b) PuLeh ns of coal shall be canied out m an em-osed pLace and waxEsp qrinklingazyemeat sLail be puo%ided at coal heaps, cru.skine area and or land around the

crashing umit.(c) Work area --F.3rmundir-Ei the plant &hall be aso&lted oT cocreied.(d) Green beLi sUB be ve -oped along the bowdary of the indtiry-(e) Oper buLming of coal to rmaTnfxture 5oft coke saUl be stopped.

65 Briquette Idustr (Coal) :Wij Un.ir hmim caDacst le5s thar 10 Panic-tIre ma'teT 350 _

ZC: (corrected to 6'.D. C0-j

(ii) Units haig cfpdy 10 tones or Paricmrte mua. 1.50 ENm

MOre (crTected to 6% C02)

Note FOT control of emisizand pro disperia of POILrama, te fbDowo'AEguiJine;s hal be follo-ed by e ThdustUy -

(Li A mnrinnim ;KI Moit of -20 mecer; ihall be pimid&d

(ii) All mems sha1 be mdi6ed to single chmmey ubi-au systems.

(Iii) Em-miR; forn oe shal be cihmieised thnou:h inbuit draft stak.

Cptimum hetn izi3iuzdn teniqu 5hal be uwed.

iv1 In case of units having capaciry i0 tDe; and above, wet s5nbb:nLujsym ;hal] be prov-ded to courroa air piiLudonL

4.F Emissiom Standards for brick ]dLnsL -1firnat a.Vatioa1 Ent r!iOu Standards br Brtic- Klmi.:

A lze Kin CnciFenm --or thecDDoeaMtOt of pflrCd;aematter mnNna')

1. .3.smal Leis ta15.0 bris er day 1000

1eis t?hna 15 ft evchi dib)

Medium 15,0Z-30X,00 bricks peT day 750){ 1 5 -11 Ste be= T iddLt

Lage MoTe cban 30,000 bicks per day 7 50(w2e than 22 f trench2 wid&1'

Note: Tbe abie partiulate mattr emis-ion Limits are achievable by mstai fixedchiamey high daught kilns ma'or setting chamber

H. Stuck Height RffgfIadomr:

-ilni CWC#t Stack height

1. 2.Les, thm 15,4W brick per day stack beigof 2 -'le- thm 15 fi trench w-riE Induced drau!tt fau opuaizng w-th

niuiTinn dorqkt of 5rnmm water Gieui&h 12 m slack beight.

154C,03-30..GWObnckper day NEmim tack hikgt 27i in wirŽ(15-22 f t terh width) graitatiia] settiig chamber

orIn&ded draLght fan oprtng Vthrnnmnn dmaght of 5mit water C-arevwih iI5m sack heieht.

Mome that 30.0001 bTk per day Mmmn stack heighr of 30m with(more than 221 fL trench wdidh vitio naL sehnlin chambei or 1uhed

(kaught ,mn operatin6g uiih minimumdraught of 50mm war Gauee with 17 mstack heiEF

IL. E-xring .-m,i.n'1g chi*n Bui'1/s tremr4 Aki?is .hail b# di'or.v ki , lDccmti'3 ,197 iidn ' nou movfng tchinrn h)uy h& be alouw.d do comem p

IV. Cans*riW rho imwd rar med toproc rhe :o ia nd rofla' iwa. s sudispovl.woIuirzarjor. of,J,< ash,i it ij pro-i-fcd thfIrfrmi k. P Januaigw. 1997 afl&kk mmgftrriLin? unift fzhi a radifs qf 0 km frotom a7y rumal piwr;pZ iai 5i. sha i urirafe P 171 on pp dwITro Donion/b r 'rzrinmgr brk

.IR Lime Kiln Stack HeighiCaPaC4:-

-wtG 5T.'Dav A Hootd ±vild be providedwith a -. ack o: 3'J metekeipt arm« pound :eve:izIrh.tn~ kidl heiet'V.

Mbove 5T)Day -do-- H=>I:Q -' W e Q isem;isio rate of SO& inkjbr annd H=Stack hei& nmnecers.

!OJre than 5T'day and upto Prtimlate Matter 500 mg, N-'

40T;dayAbove 40Tday -D- 150 x NM1

GerralScndrd,bfor (nea4r qo enviro mmntpoHtrats PAr-A: LffiwztsS.No. PaTaneter Stamdards

ThLanind PblUc Land foT -Mari-e Coa-stS3L-face Sewers Iiadm aiem;W'aier

(a) (b) (C) (d)I Co!our and Odour See 6 of -- See 6 of See 5 of

ArmexuTe - AMlere- Anne4re-II I

. SusDended soli& 11) 0m 200 (a) For processwaste wate-

(b For coohWwt efflun=i 0% alxwe

mspjsdedmaltter ofilluerit.

3. pazicu! size of Shall pas - (a) Foarb]esmipmded solids 85, mir omi. max.

L SSlve 3mm1

(I" Se&teable

S5ri microns.24.

S p pH vahe 5.5 -9.0 5.5 - 9.0 .0 5.5 - 9.06. Temperature Sball wGt - Shall uot exceed

exceed 5C 5YC above theabove the receing waverreceMin temperatueWatertemperafl

7. Ol ande . 10 20 10 20

8. Total re-dual chWudLn 1. - --MEL -1 Ni;.

(3) ~ (b) (C) (d)

9. Anaoicai riotrgen (a 5C ; --- CN). mEl Ma

10. Too1 Keje4dahl nitrogen 100 -- 0,ws -, Z mgil mx.

11. Free ammaxia (as N-H), 5.0 - 5.0mg,1, Maxc

12. Biocbemica O0yei 30 50o I co

deamn (5das at 2C).

13. Chmnca Oxr, 2' 5 - -- 5;0Demand mg.L max.

14. Arsenic (as mo) ni3i1, 0-2 0.2 0.2 0.2

15. Mexcuv pas H' cm31, 0.01 0.01 -- 0.01

16. Lead (as Pb), mE.hu.. 0.1 '.0 .0

17. Cadium (as Cd). mal. 2.0 >- 2.0

18. Hexal-ei crDrmlml (n1 0.1 2.0 1.0Cr+i* ="L. M

19 To! Q.omium (as Cr), 2.0 2.0 2.0:n'l, max

0. Coppe! (as CU), ms 3.0 3.0 _ 3.0

21. Zmr (as Zu.) mgL max. 5.0 -

22. Se]mima (as Sc), mgl 0.05 0.05 0.05max.

23. N,icWe (aS NTi) mpl, max. 3.0 3.0 5.0

yl 0 ,.ltx+

27 C::yide (aE CN.) m, 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.Ma4.

228 +++

(a) (b) d,d

.9) -F]wnde (as F). ma 1. man 2.0 -

30 Dissiohed posphates (a 5.0 -

-31. w+ 4. 4.

32. Suhide (as S) m a,. 2o -0 5.0

33. ?bewle compuns (a 1.0 5.0 -- .0C,H3JD), me L max.

34. Rzdioacatie matetiahs:

(a) -Upha eml±tre m.-cro IC ~ !0 1'

(C) Beta emitter mico ? ' I -c11rDeAbi.cur-IbLl.

35. Bio-asiy test 90 9, 90% 9NM anvival ofsimvival of sunil of -. =vLiL Of fish af 9fish afre 91 fi;h afl& fish afer hbors in m 00ham in 96 b!urs iu 96 bors elueut

0 I0D in 100%effhieut e~neut efluent

36. Mam,aneie 'vi MiI) 2 mz-1 2 zn& -- 2 M9

37. hon(asFe) 3MEi 3- r 3M-

3S. Vn adnVmU asV} 0 2 M_ l 0.2 t -- 0.2 Ga:'9. Nitrate itrogen 10m% - -- 1 mF,L

2. ,ito by Ruin 2(&( of tba Ewmaawut ghlacb) Tbird Amw&dnt Rn1, 1993 v idmNatfm 2bs. GS C E ) &mC d 31i.12.1993.

J1 isfe Wguf&r Gerarion Stand'ard PenrBS.No. Industrv Quantum

1. Integrated Iron & SteeL 16 &9tone of fished stee

2. Sugar 0.4 m3loe of came crhed.

3 ?uLp & 1per Indusfties(a) Large palp&paper(i) A?31 & paper 175 m5*-tone of paper pTrduced(i) I Viscose S4ple Fibre 150 m'Tomeofprorduct(]idu Viscose Flnamert 500 u•'tone of pToduce

Yam.

S.No. Q

(b) Smallppt&-paper(:) A-ro>-Tei&e based 150 m Inoe of papeT produced.:i) Waste paper tased 50 m1tone o- per roduce4

4. Fem-enabon IudI2ifes(a' MAlry 3.5 mAowe of gran producedrb) Brewery 0.25 mX}I of beer prokced(c) Di;xdUery 12 mk1l o alchol pToduced

5 . Caushc Soda(e4 Membme ceal 1 &.-'mne of cau~ic soda produced exc;uhng cooLq! towei

pioceii ~~b iow do uT..

(l) Mernury cell procesi 4 mIntone of austc soda produced (mer:ry tearing) I Qr*b -owdonm penited for coKibg toer.

6. Textile Iadusfies:Man-made Fber(1) Nyiou & PO'ster 120 &j'!ton far fibre produced.f:i) Vi;L cose ra.von 150 m.IIomnL of product

Taneriez 2l mNtoe of rw hide.

S. S ,arch. CAiuco 5e aild S n•tone ormaize cauiherelated pTodut

. Diary 3 mskl of rifik

10. Nratra mbber processing 4 emrone of nbber.

11. FertizET:(a.* Str;rnh[ nrogenou 5 , tone of ure oi equalent prodLuced.

fErTizerD:I StIra:Et phospbatc 0.5 n!'one of SSP. TSP

fe]ilE (SSP &TSP) excludidnMamnfactzre of alyacid.

(c). Com41ex fertiiu Standads of n eious and phospntc fer.ilizeff areappliable depmudig on ie pnu pro&zct

The ;ace Board.i ihal fo]o,icr 'uiide-.i3eB in e!fo1T ci the stadar&d sec:fied umderSchedule VI:-

1. -he waste wats and gasei re to be trearedalt die best avaiiable TF;: a.Woi (,BAT) in ordeTtD achieve the prescrbec standards.

2. The !dii-dlies need to be ecourazed for recycling and re'as&e of waste miaueials as &ar aspracdcalvLe in order to ni ze the Tischae o wastes i the eruaimeas.

3. The k&dsaies axe to be ecolzxaed for recoeiy of bigas, euU and reuaze materials.

4. WrhUe pEflDTnL! te diciarpe of erffueri and emsidon ito te evromnemet Stare Boardsha-we to take nto account dhe asnimiae capacitie of the receivirg bodbes, especially waterbodhes so that qu y of the i=mend use of die reivig walers is not afected. Wbere suchquality :s likely to be effecied discharges s&bDuLd not be aUlowed into water bodies.

5, The Cetml anld State Beuds shal put mphasis on the l n of lean tei,akgiesby the mduies in ore to miee fuel efiecy and reduce the gereTation of envirormectalpoULIants.

6. U ef5 Tis shau!d be maude to Temo'e coour and wipleasat odour as far as pratcable-

, The standards menTined in the Schedule shall alw appiv to al other elfraEnTs dischmrped schas induisria mLzna, and mineral procesing acDvities and ;ew3e.

B. The imit pven for The coca[ conrentraion of mecuyin diLe final eEfluin of c.sist sodairidulay, is iN the combined e-fluent from (a) Cell house, (b) 3ne Plan {c) Chloinehandlin. (d) hydrceen handling ad (e) ydro cholorc acid plUa.

L [(a.) ..- I',fj

10. A:l effLuets disi c ge inuidcr f rom the indutries sxh as cotDon iemle, composite woolen1miL svNteuc mbber, sIall pa!p & paper natural rubber peD-chemical; tanmnujs. pDidyes, slaughter hzuse food & fruit uru'cessing and di inuktes, inDo surface waten shallconform w the BOD limit ipecified abo%,e, naney. 30 mLr, For disrharge am effect hanmg aBOD me than 30 mgll, the .itandais shall c mto ttose gn. abene for the otherreceiving b1dies, namey, sewers, coastal wat.. aLd laInd for irriEancn.

L Im*t R' 4 a1!b c Rlnw,4qk.Ru. I95W^ ma- byauh:l~( iTfiKi Li19W.2 lzm ke 5rm 7Iuumcb. 3nEuirm 1PmaOw Thnl Auaia 11in I~S3uslmwR KlIKLn iuh .11 3LLf

1:. In case of frdi biuisiy be Limits m respect of chwomum and fluo shall be comnaliedwith at eb ouader of chouium and fluoride Teiova2 imtS respectiveLy.

13. IIL Cae of PesCides-(el The i= shicd be comphed with iL the end of the tratme imur before ciuta(b) Bio-aiss test ibDuld be carred oul with the aviable specie of fish in the receiving watei.

tbe COD limits w be ,peci*d in the conset condmons shouldi be conelaed with the BODlimis.

(c) ID cae mecabolites and men of the Peskidze in the gihm list aTe found in sijiifcaricoacentrian, stdardi; khamd be prescibed f,r te;e also m tbe same concetalm a; tieindividual pesticide.

(d) lnuies m requred to analyze pestiides m waste war by ad-vaced analtical mebo&such as GLCE9PLC-

14. -'e chemial oxygm demand (COD) co:ennt. in a tated edf,e if observed to bepefistently f uer thm 250 m&I befr szoal to any recerving bod& (publk ewer, !ad fwirrsafwlr mlmd sur6ce ware and marme oams aiea;). srch ndusiii units are reiuzred toideflI chmical; cain g the same In cae tese ae found tG be toc as defined in thSchedule I of the Hazafrdos Ruie; 1M the SeaE Board in sh cases shall tict the indubstrsto ins teia uew im 5ulang tiMe limt. Aruru 411. r

15. Stndads specifL in Part A of Schedule - VI for dischurge of effluent into the pubfic seerhalU be pnbcable an' if such ewer Lads to a secomdaw meae inrnut hd bio,ikal

WHment sytm wher wise the dichar=e into sewes sha be teated v. dischaxe ito imlandsurface waters.

National A.mbient Air Qafity St2lndards (NAAQS)

PoOuta.i Time Comcentration of Ambient AirWeighted tidustrial Residential Seiisve hlethod ofAverage Area JRural amd Area Measurement

Otiher area(1} C~~~() 0 (4), (e 5 (

Su]pbz Arlaaa 80-pg4n 1Fgn" npTwed WeitDic vide ICOL Aveiawe C md o-c,ke

Mecthd

24haws i 0 g.in? aO zin3 30.uEt J UurraokelIoreicence

Qxies of Aiirma so pg,& 60 gJ 15 4g,I? JacabNirogen as A.;aEe HocbbstrNO1 mMi± d (LNa-

Arentire)mnetLod

24 Hom 120 pg/m' go p4& 30 ,ie.'l ' Ga.; Phase

ScexceSuspended Anual 360 pgl3 L 0 !a g 70 E& M h VoluePasculaie A eira Ee &3mLtgMatteT (SPINC) (auemEe :iow

Rate no leisthan 1.1miie)

24 Hours 4 5( I&g3? 20 4/m' 10 .Lvm'

Reipirable Amua:n 120 $A& 660 ,et 5') ,LE'3 KeioiriaLeParticI&at Avege pa=t-CuateMutter (Sxie mrter saumpie

1 RM P 24 Hours 350 1 g 100L H 5M7 75 tig-t3

10~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cn) RMP~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(2) 3 4 ((Lead'Pb) Armad 0 ' 1, , 0.75 .ignm .5' w A,AS i, iLod

Averue + D ampIiagU;:ILg E.PM20100 Gequiv-dent fiLwf

24.Hounr 1 S iE'1l 1.0 ptg 0)5. i)m'

carboc Shoui*r 5. Omg."m 2 GmE.m'm I 0Mmn'~ 'Nor- disbersi%T

Mono-,dde infraidSpectrvr;Eopy

'N4 ter :+ S5E1 1OKh ,>,ch

s li~.our . m+ 4. mge' in sE 1 j ; d

mar sazmfiety, mean of ihWu beasvuremeat mi a dropken rtwice a wey at uuioi ineral.

but nOt cu two cneuie dy.

1. Nanona Ambx Aem QuaLity Srntuidr: Te tevels of a airquk rnecsary with an adeqaexnarpi f safety, tbe prtect :he pulNc beahh. uegelmtion mD1{ propert.

2 W.aecn-ei and wherever two cainsecudi vahles esceed; the lim 5pec.fed a1ove thereipecive category, it ;haI be conidexed adequate. reason to instie regidarcomus

morlitcg a.d fLutier hnestglpnon.

N 'I6/�'H HIll "'N

N1NVN III

N-HNN 'INNN-IN N- N NP, P NP. p P6/NIl IN -IN-

- N/ N/NI Nut INN/NH -IN'IINNN p pt/ANtIN�N N1 Ill I-Il',

NNN NPI NI, III p {IINNIPN/ N//IN,/INHIN�NPH

IN '-N H p IINININI /1 'H/'NH� -'N'

N.? P. N' NP, N' p pNH6 NNNNNNNN'NHNN -�NI

6CNNNNN IN N�IIl/

NH NI NN 4I6'N�,N N//NI" PI;HN /j-NN N'NNN N/NpPI,1,N.NNNNNNNN p p 3/NN/PIN�N/.NN�I'IN/AN H'N

1I NIN HH'N

6NNNNN INN.,IIH NININN

III I/N-N NI N- NNN H

NP. INN6/l.,�NNNI6 -NN I IN 'T � � T 1 I ppA4 Nfl N/N/-NI/NP I4'�NN'�,NH/.IHNNINl,

NINNIN NIP/N INN/I /NNH IINIII/PN'1N'HN- p p1-N/NIl --H/-I"

IN/ 1NINN� NIAN N'I

W11IN'NNNH.NN�IIIAN l/NIIINIIIII N�IN N1�,NN/NN.INII�N N-NNINNI -/N--NI N�N-tN/N�� 'H p IN/NN�NNIN�NHNNH.NIHIN INNHIN/NNIN,H'N' N/N NI1NN.N

H" -NH 'NH' -.-NNN-/ .1llIN.�II/NII��NNNN6HN

l'6pIININP� IN/H' INN/I.1N N.NII'INNN/ ININ INN INIA'I .NINNN p NNNNINNH%N AN-'H�/

N.INII.-1IN1I'III//HIN/ I�N,I-II.-HP,'H N

NH ' NNI'N N-IN N/INN /NN N'INN''N IN NNlNNNI�N4NN1N p p %NNNI H//I NNNNI N/N-N''HNI/II II"AN NI.

IN.I/N.N.NIANHHNN.II�N

IN, II1NNNI.�ANNNHI'HN NI-N II"IIA/IINN .INHIN NNNNNI NH-N/N NN�N I�NN P PIN INN ININNI

I' NINA 1/NH-� NIIHH�HN'I

NH IN/NI'HNII "1-�PI HNIANNNNIIN NNNNI�ININN-NNH61NNNNN�NNI.NN�NH/IN�HNNNI.INNNNNI p p P%NIN6NIN/Ill/I/NH I,NH./NI�NN

NHI'NIIININH/NH ,I-'HN NIN 161611 NNH/NN .1/IN N' NI-N? I.'NNNHN p pA//NNNNNNN// P-NNI/N�NII.NN�NN/NN/ANNN'I IN I.�NNHNNINIH4-H-NN INN INNN.I NI/HH

/1, 1166/ N.N IN-I,H IHIIIlNINI p NNNI� ,NAN..-N N H I6/ ' 1161 /'N / N

NH NINAN NP' IN'NNNI�IHNI N I'll ' N/NI N INN � '1 /NN/16

I� HNH /

NP' 61611 NN/ N-N HP. N -IN�IN.'NNNINI/NN/.' AN NI INN NNNNC NH p N PAIN NI NN/1N .N1IN I/I -

--N.H HIHN/ N/NI IIN II- INN,NNN.INIINI IN NINNNN £NNNN H IN/Il N. p NH tI/MN 11/ .INN-NNNIN-NH/'N NIN�H NIN' 'I/N->- 'IN- -I/�NI6N I� NNIN

NII�I4I4II�PN p p. p 1%/I INN/N__ NN;N

IINIIINNON INIIIIIIIIIIN INJINNIII II IqIIIIIN/N.l.N-IONIIWN 11411 IN 116161NII) .611 146,11

NPON IIN/NIN NI S16NNNHI6� JN 6I/HN4 N NINNNNNV

I

i

IIII

Ano-xu- 2 FProOleo Resou-esi Tanhl Nodu

2. I I! -1 11, ID 122 11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~88s s58 55

T494. 0 540. 1 5 88 8 % 14 8 D DI .2 85 8480 8 3,.,83 85 1

4844, ,.~~~~~~~~.9,,5,,.. 88888<88% 84 54~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11D, 032A 8 I231 0,99994 8

lO 18487 88% 8 -1 80102'288 885..'8,9-s8 ,881,.58,

818' 138,88 33.~~~~~~~I7 08 , 4 418 I88D

I 5,84,4 88 DI4. I I4I4DO8 218.8--84'

I 5884,,88,8448 18888815818%l 8 -44 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-.882844 88888 4488.440-.8,- 48

IIA IIA 11. 11 988884 8.,184444

848. 44888833 ~~~ 884,85 1848-.. 448 8880588 4,.4849.,9.4 888. 5.398 344 0,48, 1484 04~~~~j2

4344844.498.8..48p4,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~21I ID

38 4 T.D 04-,, 949 8389481 11 1 4 54!8, 4 8 8 0 '' 5 8 5- 8 48 4 9 , 80 8.' .

1-11 I T---.-ll.l IIA.8'4,.48'.4 84, '84084'88'8'8

Annexure 3

Likely Sources of Pollution for Existing Activities in Districts

SOURCE OF EXISTINGDISTRICT ACTIVITY CLASSIFICATION POLLUTION PRACTICES REMARKS

vegetable cultivation/ betel weed, spoiledMadurai leaf cultivation Agro based vegetables, and leaves used as fodder/manure Nil

PDS Shop, paddy business Dry Nil

wash water formcleaning, the platform discharge in to open odour, nuisance and fly

Mutton stall Wet knives etc drains nuisance

Cattle feed/thrown asVegetable vending Dry Spoiled vegetables solid waste Nil

Mat weaving Dry Unused broken pieces Thrown as solid waste Nil

Milch animals, goat / sheep Cattle dung, spilledrearing Animal Based fodder Used as manure Nil

Petty shops, cycle hiring Dry No pollution

poultry droppings, ricehusk spread on floor and

Poultry farm Animal Based odour Used as manure odour needs control

Pupae are used as fishfood.Used for production ofspun silk, cacoons used

Waste fibre, cacoons, for fancy garland making,effluent ( cacoon boiled effluent used for

Sericulture Animal Based water) horticulture Nil

Scrapped wax, Ash from wax reused, ash used forCandle/Agarbatti Dry firewood, broken sticks refilling Hands need protection

Annexure 3


Tailoring, Readymadegarments dry Cut cloth pieces, rags Used for stuffing of toys Nil

Lime kiln Dry dust Nil

Carpentary, broom making Dry Wood shavings/sticks Used as fuel Nil

General provision stores, ricebusiness Dry No pollution

wash water, vegetable Cattle feed, Liquid wasteTea stall/ mini hotel Wet peals. banana leaves discharged into drains Nil

- !- -. ,> - 9.A± -s - .- - -.

Sheep/Goat rearing, milch Spilled fodder, CattleRamnadapuram animals Animal based dung, urine Used as manure Nil

Waste leaves, unwantedBetel / Sea wood cultivation Agro based spoiled wood Used as manure Should be composted

Palm leaf mat/palm leaf fancy Used as fuel/ Thrown asarticles Dry Broken Leaves soild waste Nil

Sea shell ornaments Dry Broken shells Powdered to get lime No pollution

Dry fish Vending Dry Nil

Charcol Making Dry Smoke, Fine carbon Nil

Petty Shops Dry Nil

GoaVSheep rearing milch Spilled fodder, cattleVellore farming Animal based dung, urine used as manure Nil

AgricultureNegetable weed, spoiledcultivation/ betel leaf vegetables, leaves,cultivation Agro straw, hay used as fodder/manure Nil

ii

Annexure 3


Bambo basket weaving, palm waste leaves, bambooleaf products Dry sticks used as fuel Nil

brick kiln Dry Smoke from firing/baking Nil

General provision stores Dry NilWeaving Dry- _____ . ____.-. _, . Nil

Hands need protection,briquefting of coir dust

Thiruvarur Coir making Dry waste fibre, coir dust Used as fuel preferred

Milk animals Animal based waste fodder and dung used as manure Nil

Agriculture Agro based weed, hay, straw, leaves used as manure/fodder excess decompostedMat weaving/pottery Dry Broken baked pieces used for land filling Nil

Sr %w - ,? X , , , # sty - . .- . - -=-5 - .. - . .,A.- ......... .

Milch animals, goat and Spilled fodder, dung andCuddalore sheep rearing Animal based urine used as manure Nil

waste fibre, cacoon Waste water used forboiled water, pupae, fine making spun silk, waterparticles not visible to for horticulture and pupae protection to eyes, nose

Silkworm Weaving Animal Based nacked eye as fish food required

Hands need protection,briquitting of coir dust is

Coir rope making Dry Dust and unwanted fibre Used for fuel preferredWood carving Dry wood shavings used as fuel Nil

Smoke, ash fromfirewood used for melting

Candle making Dry wax ash used for landfill Nil

iii

Annexure 3


Agarbatti Dry Broken sticks Hands need protection Nil

Tailoring/ ready madegarments Dry cut pieces of cloth Used for stuffing toys Nil

Used for making limeSea shell ornaments Dry Broken shells powder Nil

Bookbinding Dry Paper cutting Just thrown Nil

Cashew cultivation, flowercultivation Agro Nil

Broken pieces, ash fromCreamic dolls/pottery Dry firing Landfilling Nil

Peels just thrown effluentdischarged into open

potato chips Wet Peels, wash water drain Nil

Spoiled fruits/vegetables, the amount of wasteNammakkal Pickles Wet peels, seeds, spoiled fruit used as fodder generated is negliable

Hands need protection,briquitting of coir dust

Coir making Dry waste fibre dust used as fuel recommended

Tailoring / ready madegarments Dry cut pieces of cloth thrown out as solid waste Negliable

workers may be advisedeffluents discharged into to use face masks to

Pappad making Wet Flour dust, wash water open drains prevent of rice flour

Coconut leaf thatching Dry waste leaves used as fuel Nil

waste fibre, cacoons,pupa, fine dust not visible Used for spun silk, fancy protection to eyes, nose

Beekeeping/Sericulture Animal based to nacked eye garlands, fish food needed

Lime kiln Dry Detailed separately

iv

Annexure 3


Fair price sho Dry Neqliable

Nagapattinum Fancy shop, furniture mart Dry Wooden shavings Used as fuel No pollution

Needs proper disposal,leads to bad odour and fly

Fish sale, fish net making Dry Scales trimming, odour Dumped as solid waste nussiance

waste water, peels, skins, vermi composting will beCanteen Wet spoiled vegetables Used as fodder useful

waste water, vegetables discharged into open Vermicomposting ofKancheepuram Eatables and Masala powder Wet process peels, skins drains waste is preferable

particulate from spiceMasala Dry activities powder Nil

Trimming rags, cotton,Doll/Toys Dry activity fiber etc Reused for stuffing No pollution

Smoke from firewoodduring wax melting, sold to leather board

Candle making Dry triming wastes makers Nil';EV: 8 .;w FiiiW$iRW- s .X- --f .!' 5-.

waste cut leaves, stems composting of wasteKanyakumari Thached leaf Dry etc used as fuel preferered

Pottery Dry Broken pieces Used as land fill material No pollution arises

seeds sold, seed coat are Seed fetches Rs3-4/Kg,sold, fibre is used on land Skin coat Rs 25 per bag,

Tamarind processing and and converted into one tonne raw fruit givesselling Dry Fibre, fruit, coat, seeds manure 400Kg cleaned tamrind

v

Annexure 3


Spoiled fruits andvegetables, skin, seeds, preferebaly should beleaves, peals of decomposted, creates

Pickles, sweets, snacks/chips Wet vegetables Disposed in open nuissance

Cattle dung, spilledGoat, cow rearing Animal based fodder Used as manure Nil

Jute bag stitching, fibre bag Dry trimming rags and pieces used for stuffing Nil

Tailoring and fancy item Trimmings of cloth Just disposed and alsostiching lace making Dry pieces used for stuffing of toys Nil

Hands need protection,briqutting of coir fiber dust

Thick unwanted fiber, along with binder isCoir rope making Dry dust from fiber used as fuel preferable

Sea shell ornament making Dry No pollution arises

Weed, unwanted stems,Herbal Medicines Dry sticks, waste leaves etc thrown as soild waste Nil

Agarbatti Dry waste sticks thrown as solid waste Nil

Pappad Wet wash water goes into open drain Nil

Flower cultivation and Stems, dry flowersgarland making Agro based leaves, spoiled flowers dumped as solid waste Nil

Perambalur Milch Animals Animal based cattle dung, spilled fodder used as manure Nil

Tailoring, greeting cardsmaking, petty shops Dry waste pieces of cloth used for stuffing of toys Eco friendly

Rice mill Dry Husk/barn Sold Nil

vi

Annexure 3


Waste cutting andTanjore Bamboo products Dry Shaving Used as Fuel Nil

Candle Making Dry Smoke while heating wax Ash for land filling Nil

Spoiled fruits/vegetables, negliable quantity ofPickle Making Wet Indust Skin eels, seeds, pith Dumped waste

Sold to smallReadymade garments, waste cotton, cloth enterprenaures for

Coimbatore hosiery, knitting tailoring Dry pieces making mats Nil

smoke while heating andCandle making Dry ash from firewood Ash used for landfilling Nil

Soap shavings and wasteSoap powder, phenyl Wet water Reused NilMasala powder Dry Dust generation Face mask prefered

Coir Products/Door mat Fine fibre dust, waste coirmaking Dry pieces used as fuel hands need protection

Spoiled fruits/vegetables, negliable amaount ofPickle Wet seed, skin peels, pith dumped waste generated

Seed and coat sold, fibreTamarind processing Dry Fibre seed coat, seeds composted . Nil

Pappad Wet Dust and wash water Dained in open drains NilL,-- --

waste paper from Sold to paper recyclingErode Paper cover making Dry trimming units Nil

vii

Annexure 3


Hands need protection,coir dust may be used for

Coir making Dry Fine fibre dust used as fuel briqquitting

Masala and sambar masala,tea powder Dry Dust Face mask prefered

Sold to smallerLeather chappals and other waste generated due to enterpenaures for makingleather products Dry trimmings leather baords Nil

Cloth sale Dry No pollution

Gem cutting Dry Nil

used for stuffing, toysStuffed toys Dry Rags, trimmings of cloth along with cotton Nil

Cattle dung and spilledMilk animals Agro fodder Used as manure Nil

Pudukottai Gem cutting Dry Nil

Terracotta toys Dry Broken pieces Land filling No poullution

Paper cutting andGreetings card Dry trimmings Discarded negliable amount

Hands needs protection,briqueting of waste

Coir Making Dry Dust, fibres used as fuel preferable

Broken unwantedBamboo basket Dry bamboo Disposed Nil

~~. - rV . f A. .: - - - - vs i. .t - __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _

Nilgiri Potato cultivation Agro Nil

Tea Plantations Agro Nil

Basket making Dry bamboo pieces Discarded Nil

viii

Annexure 3


soap trimmings, wash Reused for washing andSoap making Wet water cleaning of cloth NilFlower cultivation Agro Nil

Thiruvannamali Agarbatti Dry Nil

Wasted leaves andCoconut Leaf thaching Dry broken Stems Fuel Nil

Milch animals and goat Cattle dung, spilledTrichy rearing Animal based fodder used as manure Nil

Taioring, Readymadegarments Dry Bits and pieces of cloth Used for stuffing NilToys making Dry Trimmings Negliable

Masala powder Dry Dust Face mask prefereableTerracotta toys Dry Broken pieces land filllings NilGem cuttings Dry Nil

Wire mat making Dry Bits of wire etc Disposed as soild waste Nil

Paper cuttings and otherGreeting card making Dry wastes Disposed as soild waste Negliable amounts

Liquid waste disposed inopen drains, the

Peels, seeds, wash vegetable waste disposedChips making/eatables Wet water, Banana leaves etc as soild waste Nil

Mat weaving, Basket making Dry Cutting of Bamboo Disposed as soild waste Nil

Stems, leaves and otherMedicinal plants Dry waste Disposed as solid waste Nil

ix

Annexure 3


Hay, straw, plants, leavesThirunelveli Paddy Cultivation Agro Based weed Composted Nil

Blue Metal Dry Nil

Bricks and pottery Dry Broken pottery pieces Disposed as solid waste Nil

Efflunet discharged intowash water, waste paper, open drains, soild waste

Match sticks Wet stri ps generated is sold Nil

Cleaning powder and liquid Discharged into openblue Wet Wash water drain Nil

Agarbatti, broom stick Dry Waste sticks disposed as solid waste Hands need protection

Effluent wash water, discharged into openseeds, peels, dust from drains, and soild waste

Pappad/Pickle Wet rice flour disposed Face mask prefered

Matt waving, Palm leaf Dry broken leaves sticksproducts Dry etc Thrown out Nil

Cattle waste, fodderSivagangai Milch animals, Goat Rearing Animal Based spillovers Used as manure' Nil

Tailoring Dry Pieces of cloth, rags Disposed as soild waste Nil

Pottery Dry broken pieces Used for land filling Nil

Rough/coarse fiber Briquitting of coir dust and

Coir rope making Dry pieces, dust used as fuel fibre preferable

Charcoal Making Dry Coal dust _ Nil

x

Annexure 3


discharged into openPetty shops and tea stalls Wet wash water drains Nil

Fish sales, mat sales, Spoiled fish and Should be decomosted tovegetable sales Dry vegetables Disposed as soild waste prevent odour

Tamarind sales, Fruit sales, Sundry waste, spoiledflower sales Dry fruits and vegetables Disposed as soild waste Nil

Virudunagar Milch animals, goat rearing Agro Based Waste fodder, cattle dung Used as manure Nil

vegetable cultivation, weeds, leaves, unwantedmedicinal plants Agro based stems used for composting NilStone cutting Dry Dust Nil

wash water fromchemical table and

Match box products Wet accessories Nil

Oil extraction (from Neem Waste leaves, oil seed Neem cake is non ediblenuts/leaves) Wet cakes Used as manure oil cakeGarments making Dry Nil

___________ Mold pot making dry broken fired pieces Used for land fillinu Nil_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ X , ;-. - , t " j- . ~ -. - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -

Spilled wasted fodder,Karur Milch animals, goat rearing Animal Based cattle dung Used as manure Nil

Tailoring, Garment making Dry bits and pieces of cloth Sold Nil

Agriculture, vegetablecultivation Agro based Agricultural residues Used as fodder NilPetty shops Dry Nil

xi

Annexure 3


Gem cutting and polishing Dry Nil

poultry dropping and therice husk speard on the

Poultry Animal Based flooring and odour Used as manure odour

Milk Vending Wet Wash water Open drians Nil

Land reclamation, waste landcultivation Agro based Nil

Handloom weaving, stuffed waste fibre, cloth piecestoys Dry etc Disposed as soild waste Nil

Waste broken, LeavesCoconut leaf Thaching Dry and stems Used as fuel May be composted

Palm leafs, mat making, Dry broken pieces ofTuticorin fancy products Dry stem, leaves etc Used as fuel Nil

Milch animals, goat rearing. waste spilled fodder,Sheep rearing Animal based cattle dung Used as manure Nil

Waste fish, bones andFish net and dry fish vending Dry pieces of fins, scales Disposed as soild waste Nil

Chemical mixing, vesselwashing, paper cutting, Liquid effluent dischargedbroken match boxes, into open drains, soild

Match box making Wet paper strips etc. waste is sold Nil

Agriculture Nil

waste cloth, rags,Tailoring and handicrafts Dry packing paper Discarded into dustbins negliable amounts

xii

Annexure 3


Ash from fireing andPot Makinu Dry broken baked pieces Land filling Nil

_~- ' Jrj,. ..- * - -,revs g. |'i J~ 4 'A- . ... X^ iEt y s'7' : -, _______________________ -'i -L -x

xiii

Ii

iIIII

IIi

Annexure -4

Evaluation of Location and Site Condition

Name ot District Water Forest Pollution in Coastal Wetland / Mangroves / Ambient Air Quality Hot Spots asGround Water Surface Water Cover Areas Salt Swamp / National Status (Below Limit (BL) per TNCDW

Water Availability (Block Water Quality/Pollution Deficit Area Water Quality/Pollution Change Park / Imp. Tank and Above Limit (AL))Wise) Compared> 70%. Withdrawal to 1997

Residential IndustrialChrinroic No

N I Yes No Yes Yes No BL BL NoPoor quality due to over Mixing of sewage, waste Sea Erosion and

extraction water and sullages from coastal pollution dueChennai city to industnal effluent,

sewage dischargeand effluent

discharge fromThermal power plant

Kanchipurom Yes No Yes No N I No Yes BL BL No(Lattur, Uthiremerur, Sittamur, (Snperumbudur, Chembarambakkam LakeThirukalukundram, Kundrathur, KanchipuramAcharapakkam, to Uthimamerur)Kattankulathur, Kunmathur,Maduranthagam, St ThomasMount, Thiruporur, Wallajabad)

tirillir Yes Yes Yes No N I No Yes BL BL No(Ellapuram, Minjur, Pallipattu, Sea water intnrsion al Minjur (Ellapuram, Poonamallee,R K Pet, Thiruvalankadu, Gummidipoondi)Tinullani, Kadambathur,Poonamalee, Gummudipoondi,Madhavaram, Poondi,Sholavaram, Tinrvallur) Pulicat Lake

Yes No No No N I Yes No BL BL Yes(Annagramam, Cuddalore, Coastal Pollution Cuddalore

C u d da l orr Kam mapuram, due to Indust nal andKattumannarkoil, Kunnjipadi, Sewage dischargeMangalore, Melbhuvanagiri,Nallur, Pannuti, Vndhachalam)

V1illpUiuni Yes No Yes No N I No Yes BL BL NoKolianur, Mailam, Marakanam, (Vanur, Gingee, Kazhuveli Tank,Melmalaiyanur, Mugaiyur, Tindivanam, Melmalaiyanur, Tindivanam TalukOlakkur, Rishivandhiyam, Kallakunchi, Chinnasalem)Sankarapuram,tiruvennainallur, Ulundurpet,Vallam, Kallakurichi,Thirunavalur, Vanur,Vikmavandi, Chinnasalem,Kanai, Thiyagadurgam,

Trukovilur)

vr liorr Yes No Yes Yes No No No BL BL No(Alangayam, Anaicut, Arcot, (Amot) 0Gudiyatham, Jolarpet,K V Kuppam, Kandili,Kaniyambadi, Katpadi,

Madanur, Nattrampalli,Pemampet, Sholinghur, Timin,Tiruppathur, Vellore, Nemili,Amakonam, Kavenpakkam,Wallalah) Yes_ N__Yes_No_No_No_-_-_-_N___________BL_BL_No

|Iivrxxonnnmoloi Yes 1 No Ye No No No No DL EL No

IiIi

I I

Annexure -4

(Chengam, Kalasapakkam, (Palar and Chengam) +1Kilpennathur, Polur,Pudupalayam,Thandarampattu,Thinivannamalai,Thunnjapuram. Vandavasi,Ami West, Javadi Hills,Anakavur, Ami East, Chetpet,Cheyyar, Vembakkam)

Dharmapun Yes Yes Yes No No No No BL BL NoExcess flounde at Harur, (Hosur, Dharmapun, Harur, +2Dharmapun and Knshnagin) Knshnagin)

Coimbatore Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No BL BL No(Annur, Avinashi, G W Pollution due to Agr. Quality is Poor around +3Kinathukadavu, Madukarai, Activities in Pollachiand excess Tiruppur)P N Palayam, Pollachi North flouride in Pollachi, Udumalpet,and South, Sarkarsamakulam, Palladam and salinity due toSultanpet, Sulur, sea water intnrsion atThondamuthur, Palladam, Udumalpet,Gudimangalam, Karamadai, Tiruppur)

Palladam, Udumalpet,Anamalai, Madathukulam,Ponqalur. TirunPur)

The Nilgirs No No No No No No BL BL No

Erode Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes BL BL No(Ammapet, Andhiyur, Quality is Poor Surface Water Pollution of 0 Bhavani Sagar ReservoirNambiyur, Ehavanisagar, River Cauvery at Erode,Satyamangalam, Thalavadi, BhavaniBhavani, Dharapuram,Gobichettipalayam,

Kangeyam, Kundadam,Modakunchi, Mulanur,Penundurai, T N Palayam,

_Vellakoil)

Salem Yes No No Yes No No No BL BL No(Attur, Ayotiapattinam, +1Gangavatli, Konganapuram,Magudanchavadi, Mechen,Nangavalli. Omalur,P N Palayam,PanamaRuthupatti, Salem,Talaivasal, Valapadi,

Veerapandi, Kadayampatti,

Edapadi, Kolathur, Sankan,Tharamangalam)

Namokkal Yes No No Yes N I No No BL BL No(Enumaipatti, Namaginpettai, Water Pollution in RiverNamakkal, Pallipalayam, Cauvery at PallipalayamPuduchatram, Rasipuram,Sendamangalam, Vennandur,Mallasamudram, Paramathi,Kabilarmalal, Mohanur,Tirchengodu)

tiruchchirpali Yes Yes No Yes No No No BL BL No(Tattayangarpettai, Thuraiyur, Excess flouride at Manaparai Water Pollution in River +6Uppiliyapuram, Manaparai, Cauvery at TiruchchirapalliMusin, Manachanallur, and PallipalayamMurungapun, Pullambadi,Thiruverumbur, Vaiyampatti)

Karur Yes No Yes No N I No No BL BL No(Kadavur, Thanthoni, Qaulity is PoorAravakunchi, Karur,Knshnarayapuram, Kulithalai,Thogamalai)

Per.mboliir Yes No No No N.l No No BL BL No

2

i~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tl

Annexure -4

(Alathur, Perambalur,Veppanthattai, Veppur,Anyalur)

Pudukkotta A Yes No Yes No N I No Yes BL BL No(Thirumayam, Wetland

(Thiruvarankulam) Ganthavakottai)Dindigul Yes Yes No Yes N I No No BL BL No

(Attur, Batlagundu, Dindigul, Flounde around Nilakkottai,Guzliamparai, Oddanchattiram, Nitrate conc High in Natham,Reddiarchattiram, Sanarpatti, G.W pollution due to agnThoppampatti, Vadamadurai, Actvities at Vembarpatti)Vedasandur, Nilakkottai,Palani, Natham)

fluonlovur Yes No No No No No Yes BL BL No(Thiruppanandal, +6 WetlandThiruvidaimanuthur, Ammapet,Kumbakonam, Madukkur,Orathanadu, Peravoorani,Thiruvaiyaru, Thirivonam)

t-iivorur Yes Yes No No N I No Yes BL BL No(Valangaiman, Kodavasal, Sea water intrusion in east WetlandMannargudi, Nannilam, area of TiruvarurNeedamangalam, Thiruvarur)

Nogapottinom Yes Yes No No NA No Yes BL BL Yes(Salinity due to sea wate Muthupet Mangroves, Nagapattinam

(Kollidam, Kuttalam, intrusion at Keelaiyur, Kilvelur, Point Calimare andSembanarkoil, Sirazhi, Nagapattinam, Thalainayar, Vedaranmyam salt swampMyladuthurai) Thirumarugal, Vedaranyam)

Mad.rol Yes Yes Yes No No No No BL BL No(Chellampatti, Sedapatti, Areas around Madurai City (Usilampatti) +7Usilampatti, Alanganallur,Kallikudi, T Kallupatti,Thirumangalam,Thiruparankundram)

Theni Yes Yes Yes No N I No No BL BL No(Andipatti, Chinnamanur, Nitrate Conc is high in (Uthamapalayam, VaigaiMyladumparai, Penyakulam, Cumbum, Bodinaikkanur and Dam)Uthamapalayam, excess flounde atBodinaikkanur, Cumbum, Penyakulamm)Theni)

Ramonathapuram Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes BL BL No(Thirupullani, Mandapam, Excess Flonde at Paramakudi (Thiruvadanai, -11 Manne National Park,Paramakudi, Ramanathapuram) coral reef, WetlandRamanathapuram)

Sivagongoi Yes Yes No NI No No BL BL NoNitrate conc at Sivagangai (Devakottai, Singampunan,

(Kaliyarkoli, Sivagangal, Sivagangai, llayankudi,S Pudur, ) Kallupatti Vill )

Virudhunogar Yes Yes No No NAi No No BL BL No(High conc. of Magnesium,Bicarbonates, EC and Chloride

(Rajapalyam, Watrap, in Sivakasi, Nitrate Conc IsKanappatti, Sivakasi, high in Snvilliputhur,Srivilliputhur, Vembakottal) Ratapalyam)

tirunelveli Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes BL BL No(Melneelithanallur, Poor Quality, Nitrate conc Is (Sankarankoil, +6 WetlandRadhapuram, Sankarankoil, high in Kadayanallur, Valliyur, Radhapuram)Valliyur, Alankulam, Sea water intrusion in KuttamKadayanallur, Keelapavoor,Kurunrkulam, Vasudevanallur)

Thoothakudi Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes BL BL Yes

3

II

iI

Annexure -4

(Kovilpatti, Tiruchendur) +6 Coastal Pollution Wetland Thoothuldi(High conc of Magnesium, due to effluentBicarbonates, EC and Chlonde discharge fromand nitrate conc is high in Thermal power plantKovilpatti, nitrate conc is highin Vilathilkulam, Snvaikundam,

(Kovilpatti, Ottapidaram, Sathankulam, sea wateSathankulam, Vilathikulam, intrusion in Athisayapuram andSnvaikundam, Tiruchendur) Puthantharuvai)

Ksnnsyakummri No No Yes No No No Yes BL B[ No(Thovalai, Agasteeswaram) O Wetland

+ve means increose in forest area-ve means decreosein forest areaN.I. -No Irnformah,on AvailableYes -SignificantNo - Insignificant

Residential: BL SPM levt below 200 mg/cu.rnindustsial : Bi SPM Level below 5Su mng/cu.m

4

Man Mad* R*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~urc-~~~~~~~~402121

loKool R.ooooo.. Mono Mod. R..oo,o.o Esolooosos.go~~~-I .. -

I.E.GlEEN Ica cl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, IVto .ooooSoloodo 2.0.4..,Phsts-5,0

cl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... 161~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c'Do-~~~~~~~~0115.IooooI oosd"05

wob.oE..oos,o.. Ooooo.00 0d lodooso. 505000 so ns's* c,2~~~~~~~l~~ 000.5 lIED- 45004525. M*dOl 0000010000025000.04-l50

(.2&-o%-OLos

Non.o D5 0..osnoSoso - Sflo.Mood 05soo P oo. L J !4 os J rI og saoob. 00 lolo, no. O01

looooo,soilnsoio-I N254]100N No 4 11,'o-5Cl,o 2 1 05o04 .-220n,O,12l120015i-I00000

2- 1~~~~~ 1, ,oi 05,.1i 0, 410 2s-k f-i. - J215 ol

1-11,IQ t~~~SOT>1p,12.1115t

oao50en -402-00'2l1-op-o0401 100245)1520* 4 No 0oiiiolo -412010 51-54 11111001% 00551 p21 N2 112512-o N1022--10024040 ossIsr

5. 2 ps.sI%) meg-lie, b431jxPt- DI11 o4

oo,5.Foso11014 4,0o1052021 2401411110T112000502o1l0,11 (151

q 400~~~~~~~~~~~~~00 in~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~f P S~~~~5524 1100 1001

>1Nil1002D04-50000000011110

N 2122 5.0021 12. 0 .502-12150obOg N0015140

l

i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~zi

NSSANNs 1 _=09tM 9D*Ini7 E7paANNs (3FD-_Man MOedafA,uon.s Env, "-m ai P.,.

1-1 l,dul, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N.e5Sat,Rals ,: e,..l, A6. M,peAEe

Nar ol Dt-tde .-nnlol SOUTCE ( i tr) 9 sd Lonc Sudsc Cround Mln.h.- I-a9PUIC-$ orgv | M ilum | Smoll iag cursoble OD HoMc~. Crun B'°'2' dhwn wopsl el O9 On w n nl . I e

VMSAeNM.I,CA-52P.' (HEN- El.5 IAN laNN,.N

Ne.,,. et NMSs Ps.t,ttel NeAla. I 2 en..%)AS M2.e0RSAt0 I.e Mdi 'e- oIftet.e.s ENIAA, Oeg lN.

1:N---AIIN, 1NANN 13952N 4 QN II A5 tIAIA NA NA NA N-- NAI -.NA NA P D-15d51 9 :II-FS-4

tIme. ougvo, 0r01r96 glopm .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ffplre. rpple pea bgo or or ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ me -.

5,dg*! PI03F 2 '4219il N-15-4Z-2J )2 12-T I.-E12-216.D9 .gl mog tendpr.D. e 41 7D 200I S.".eNP IN AN3D INR

Nt.onou Coos e nT. p. 119i. bl. d -* Ho. d-g to b..f90!f_ 14 J - .1 .F...! Jt. 9 ;x]Z21n 3 m e tr-jO d by1eIOMo Ot 1 Je.rpN d Tal it9glhsirslh-

9vel _o e Dd1l- D -AYe e6

,; 9DIib i ba

ANootnn 5-: JIl lNtt 479j N:shl NSNI AA IAS-AI 1N -A -N ANA Sl-ANA A D Al NopAN t ANN NN -ANIN- AN NNA 2D40060 SN cIA-srl s: N pOtONS A: L Nr

~~~~~MP.100111 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~OG0 beio .Obg

T~~~~~1~~~~~1 C 11 fl- 5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O MM I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~D I "NANRAI:TS:SN

n.1 1- pl 651~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PASII951

NAS1N

.11 Ve f.- H 651~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A-NN ANA 5AN

DC,~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ xe wnsg pf we

FANIA ANNIN2 -N d2nAAN

ANN,>2o P.AA4ANNNA AIN 43 4e NSI 1 u NA NA NA Al-NI INNe NA96 03wlra:rw nXaa W2 w

NAANANN 5An2rs*ue- Ne J7J12Se: ... 1NF tA^N7NN SSIA314rD.n Na 6I NAN r 0

INNA-net-:A. NANNAN:r r 1l93 119T1 1ANAS 1 QAAAAerog h:l n N2 D2e N NAIlS ANNNAA NA 7 s2T ctnaoSe-lazJA )broos> lv .o IN6I 2I' M 00 a2 3snINnil12

IN--Nkd ANOAblplNNANI 1 A:NISrNAN 4 N, N3A H NA l.A 01A NASA-NAN NA 2 J05 40 r lalsicfte7

CUISS OESIGNATEOBESTUSE CPtlTERA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S I 1 SPASNANIe

'NN.SSa.atleteEAtiLAnS la Elnn d.Nttdbsdo slgtated3 bestNE 69AISNt5N e defne

SCQI 25y1 -r2 51 A:IIl:NN NOMPN2NOOnA

B 110511 ArtIOn IIAc2ASNl IlSN AN SNIANNA,NNNNNOA2Ay)n Sn)5 Irn-ra

NBCQ 3 m24r

D PNvAN,SAt nN. SANNI SNANNNA AN 2n3P SNN SN8

SAl jINa CtAEl.-ISaStIhtN1

v 2250 UNNAtNIlm

MPNM.2rPrOtatleNAIN 2rA4

t05N la-SI PIANSAN <ANNA:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Annexure No. 6

Blocks with Stage of Ground Water Development (as on January 2003)

Over Exploited (greater Critical (Between 90 Semi Critical (70 to Safe (less than 70%)than 100%) | and 100%) 90%)Coimbatore District1. Annur 1. Gudimangalam 1. Anamalai2. Avinashi 2. Karamadai 2. Madathukulam3. Kinathukadavu 3. Palladam 3. Pongaiur4. Madukkarai 4. Udumalpet 4. Tiruppur5. Periyanaicken Palayam6. Pollachi (North)7. Pollachi (South)8. Sarkarsama Kulam9. Sultanpet10. Sulur11. ThondamuthurCuddalore District

1. Annagramam 1. Keerapalayam2. Cuddalore 2. Kumaratchi3. Kammapuram 3. Portonova4. Kattumannarkoil5. Kurinjipadi6. Mangalore7. Melbhuvanagiri8. Nallur9. Panruti10. Vridhachalam

Dharamapuri District1. Burgur 1. Pennagaram 1. Hosur 1. Kelamangalam2. Dharmapuri 2. Kaveripattinam 2. Thalli3. Harur 3. Krishnagiri4. Karimangalam 4. Shoolagiri5. Mathur6. Morappur7. Nallampalli8. Palacode9. Pappireddipatti10. Uthangarai11. VeppanapalliDinigul District1. Attur 1. Nilakkottai 1. Natham 1. Kodaikanal2. Vattalakundu 2. Palani3. Dindiigul4. Guzlliamparai5. Oddanchattiram6. Reddiarchattiram7. Sanarpatti8. Thoppampatti

9. Vadamadurai10. VedasandurErode District1. Ammapet 1. Bhavanisagar 1. Bhavani 1. Chennimalai2. Andhiyur 2. Satyamangalam 2. Dharapuram 2. Erode3. Nambiyur 3. Thalavadi 3. Gobichettipalayam 3. Kodumudi

4. Kangeyam 4. Uthukuli5. Kungadam6. Modakurichi7. Mulanur8. Perundurai9. T.N. Palayam10. Vellakoil

Kancheepuram District1. Lattur 1. Sittamur 1. Acharapakkam 1. Kancheepuram2. Uthiramerur 2. Thirukalukundram 2. Kattankulathur 2. Sriperumbudur

3. Kunrathur4. Maduranthagam5. St. Thomas Mount6. Thiruporur7. Wallajabad

Kanyakumari District1. Agastheeswaram2. Killiyur3. Kurunthancode4. Melpuram5. Munchirai6. Rajakkamangalam7. Thiruvattar8. Thovalai9. Thucklay

Karur District1. Kadavur 1. Aravakurichi 1. K. Paramathy2. Thanthoni 2. Karur

3. Krishnarayapuram4. Kulithalai5. Thogamalai

Madurai District1. Chellampatti 1. Alanganallur 1. Kallikudi 1. Kottampatti2. Sedapatti 2. T.Kallupatti 2. Madurai (East)3. Usilampatti 3. Thirumangalam 3. Madurai (West)

4. Thiruparankundram 4. Melur5. Vadipatti

Nagapattinam District1. Kollidam 1. Myladuthurai2. Kuttalam3. Sembanarkoil4. SirkazhiNamakkal District1. Erumaipatti |1. Mallasamudram 1. Kabilarmalai 1. Elachipalayam

w 2. Namagiripettai 2. Paramathi 2. Mohanur 2. KolliHilis3. Namakkal 3. Tiruchengodu4. Pallipalayam5. Puduchatram6. Rasipuram7. Sendamangalam8. VennandurThe Nilgiris District

1. Coonoor2. Gudalur3. Kotagiri4. Udagamandalam

Perambalur District1. Alathur 1. Ariyalur 1. Andimadam2. Perambalur 2. Jayamkondam3. Veppanthattai 3. Sendurai4. Veppur 4. Thirumanur

5. T.PalurPudukottai District

1. Thiruvarankulam 1. Annavasal2. Aranthangi3. Arimalam4. Avudiarkoil5. Gandharvakottai6. Karambakudi7. Kunnandarkoil8. Manamelkudi9. Ponnamaravathi10. Pudukkottai11. Thirumayam12. Viralimalai

Ramanathapuram District1. Thirupullani 1. Mandapam 1. Bogalur

2. Paramakudi 2. Kadaladi3. Ramanathapuram 3. Kamuthi

4. Mudhukulathur5. Nainarkoil6. R. S. Mangalam7. Thiruvadanai

Salem District1. Atthur 1. Kadayampatti 1. Edapadi 1. Yercaud2. Ayothiapattinam 2. Kolathur3. Gangavalli 3. Sankari4. Konganapuram 4. Tharamangalam5. Magudanchavadi6. Mecheri7. Nangavalli8. Omalur9. Peddhanaickenpalayam10. Panamarathupatti

11. Salem12. Thalaivasal13. Valapadi14. VeerapandiSivagangai District

1. Kalalarkoil 1. Devakottai2. Sivagangai 2. Ilyangudi3. S. Pudur 3. Kallai

4. Kannankudi5. Manamadurai6. Sakkottai7. Singampunari8. Thiruppathur9. Thiruppuvanam

Thanjavur District1. Thiruppananodi 1. Ammapet 1. Madukkur 1. Budalur

2. Thiruvidaimaruthur 2. Kumbakonam 2. Orathanadu 2. Papanasam3. Peravoorani 3. Pattukottai4. Thiruvaiyaru 4. Sethubhavachattiram5. Thiruvonam 5. Thanjavur

Theni District1. Andipatti 1. Bodinaickanur2. Chinnamanur 2. Cumbum3. Maylladumparai 3. Theni4. Periyakulam5. UttamapalayamThiruchirappalli District1. Thatthyangar pettai 1. Manapparai 1. Manachanellur 1. Andanallur

2. Thuraiyur 2. Musiri 2. Marungapuri 2. Lalgudi3. Uppilyapuram 3. Pullambadi 3. Manikandam

4. Thiruverumbur 4. Thottiam_5. vaiyampatti

Thirunelveli District1. Melneelithanallur 1. Alankulam 1. Ambasamudram

2. Radhapuram 2. Kadayanallur 2. Cheranmadevi

3. Sankarankoil 3. Keelapavoor 3. Kadayam

4. Valliyur 4. Kuruvikulam 4. Kalakkadu5. Vasudevanallur 5. Manur

6. Nanguneri7. Palayamkottai8. Pappakudi9. Senkottai10. Thenkasi

Thiruvallur District1. Ellapuram 1. Kadambathur 1. Gummidipoondi 1. Villivakkam2. Minjur 2. Poonamallee 2. Madhavaram3. Pallipattu 3. Poondi4. R. K. Pet 4. Sholavaram5. Thiruvalankadu 5. Thiruvallur6. Thiruthani

Thiruvannamalal District1. Chengam 1. Arni (west) 1. Anakavur 1. Per namallur2. Kalasapakkam 2. Javadi Hills 2. Arni (East) 2. Thellar3. Kilpennathurai 3. Chetpet4. Polur 4. Cheyyar5. Pudupalayam 5. Vembakiram6. Thandarampattu7. Thiruvannamalai8. Thurinjapuram9. VandavasiThiruvarur District1. Valangaimaan 1. Kodavasal 1. Mannargudi 1. Koradachery

2. Nannilam 2. Kottur3. Needamangalam4. Thiruvarur

Thoothukudi District1. Kayathar 1. Pudur 1. Alwarthirunagar2. Kovlipatti 2. Karunkulam3. Ottapidaram 3. Srivaikundam4. Sathankulam 4. Thiruchendur5. Thoothukudi6. Udangudi7. ViathikulamVellore District1. Alangayam 1. Nemili 1. Arakonam2. Anaicut 2. Kaveripakkam3. Arcot 3. Wallajah4. Gudiyatham5. Jolarpet6. K.V.Kuppam7. Kandili8. Kaniyambadi9. Katpadi10. Madanur11. Nattrampalli12. Pernampet13. Sholinghur14. Timiri15. Thiruppathur16. VelloreVilluppuram District1. Gingee 1. Kallakurichi 1. Chinnasalem 1. Kalrayan Hills2. Kandamangalam 2. Thirunavalur 2. Kanai3. Kolianur 3. Vanur 3. Thiyagadurgam4. Mailam 4. Vikravandi 4. Tirukovillur5. Marakkanam6. Melmaiyanur7. Mugaiyur8. Oiakkur9. Rishivandhiyam

10. Sankarapuram11. Thiruvennainallur12. Ulundurpet13. VailamViruthunagar District__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1. Rajapalayam 1. Kanapatti 1. Aruppukkottai2. Watrap 2. Sivakasi 2. Narikudi

3. Srivilliputhur 3. Sattur4. Vembakottai 4. Thiruchuli

________________________ ________ ________ __ _____ ___5. V iruthunagar

Annexure 7

Ground Water Resource ;illl r

Source: Environmental Atlas of India I am

REFERENCESTotat Replenishaole Gorund Water

Resource Per Thousand Persons ' O"hZ,VrfCr-w .b abc 'rfl Nilgins E

Abla '40DD 0 I -. Pe

1200 0 1-140 - . c4iiacnratm- l4ccm , ~~~Coimbabe ¢ 5 p v a

i0001 '200 00

400 0' cC000 ji

202 01- e0o 00

200'- I aIY)0

Nat Assesied

DOstict where ret draftns

greatefr I htar rre recharge

fron, ioai sur;e Kanyaku m

Ground Water QualitySource: Environmental Atlas of India

REFERENCESShallow Groundlwater Ouab tly

Drs1nib0u dof EteincZat Co:XudL<dty I p Sebrrtcrn a SOt Conuh0t

Li] B S&eiW o1 O

iOO-2000m 220004000

[II] Above 4000

711] Data sarce

D0StntuOnt' of Fliuwtde .am

. . A bavrr- 5 _ g'

Distribubotrn o mtrate Trunel

* Above 1 DO rr.l

Dhstnibuto ol Ct,rmoe

I] nAbove tOOC rr'QV Kanyakum

Annexure 7

Areas with Specialized Skills IfSource. Environmental Atlas of India '_

Dharmapu

REFERENCES

Texttle

tAandloom, Hand.Pnnting, Embroidery a...

Shawts, Blankets, Carpets.

Cane and Bamboo... C

Leather.. .....64

Pottery, Clay Objects . .......-... U

Wood Carving and Inlay .. .. . .

Slone Work ...

Metal Craft .. . . . . VI lt ra

Jewellery.

lvory,Horn and Bone ................ ,r T nelU co

Conehshell .0

Musical Instruments - . ... ... ..

Folk Paintng and terracotta, t Kinnyakuma

Pollution Generating Potential _ o

Source: Environmental Atlas of India

~~\gs ew~aned

Per 5000 sq. km. area (in kglday) h i

g - ~~~~~~~~~coiimlg <

2,00,000

1.00,000

40,000

20,000

50,000l _ __ _j 10,000 Tlimunelvdii g TuvO1in

5,000 Kmlrakum~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1

Annexure 7

Soil TypesSource: Environmental Atlas of India

REFERENCESAverage Depth of Soil Soil Type$

in cm

Above 300 Alluvial Sod am~~~~~~Ceimnbacee 300 De -XSo#

L00u3D l B1M Sl1 Dindigul-

100 340 Mixdl Re af A <

25-50 | Red SoI hphuram

Below 25 E= | GrJ SC), T rruel

Below 25 Laterite Sonn

Below 25 Mountfan Soo Knja,kuma

Soil DegradationSource: Environmental Atlas of India m

REFERENCES S

Slable tin mhehnis all

Watuer eosior wib7 moderate oss of top so Coimfi4ba cii

Water erosion with severe loss of top SoilDiiuu) v

Wnd ersion with moderate loss of top soill

Wind eroson wito semYele iSSo Oif top 4ga

Chemical deteoration die to salinzation

Chemical detenoration due to aoss of nutnert V n hapuumn

Physical detenoration cue te water ogn.n)

Areas not ht for aqrfcuiturC Trunelv ir on

Areas affected Ov saain;t a-id otherwater arelated proo(eems Kanya kuma

..

Annexure 7

Water Quality StatusSource: Environmental Atlas of India

River Water Qualiy

Veiy Good

Good

oAd - 5

D Haapunram

seveall POialp

Water Oualty Monitoring StafitTiul o

Coastal Water Quality

Inorganic Phosphate Phosphorus Concentration.

.... 0-50 gl (low)

. , -- M d51-100 g/l (moderate)

101 -150 pg/t (moderately high)

>150,iug/I (high)

Nirate Nitrogen Concentration

0-. o0ug/l(low)

101-200pg/A (moderate )

> -200iug/i (high)

Dissolved Oxygen Concentration

<4 mg/i (critical state)

4-6 mg/l (satisfactory)

> 6 mg/l (very good)

Salinity Variation

- - - 5-30 ppt moderately saline zone

>30 ppt highly saline zone

iv

Annexure-8

Identified Hotspots of Tamil Nadu by TNPCB

Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board has identified most industrialized andenvironmentally polluted areas and referred them as 'Hotspots' of Tamil Nadu. Thefollowing six areas are the identified hotspots:

* Cuddalore - Industrial Estate* Tuticorin - Sterilite Industries* Manali - MRL, Industrial Estate* Vellore - Tanneries* Tirupur (Coimbatore) - Textile dyeing units* Salem - Mettur Dam and Chemplast Industry

Cuddalore - This coastal belt has 54 large industries, 43 medium-scale and 136 small-scale under Red Category units. While under Orange Category only one large-scale, 28medium-scale and 273 small-scale industries are located. Green Category consists ofnone in large-scale, only one in medium-scale and 15 under small-scale category.

Cuddalore has tanning park (leather tanning units) which comes under Tamil NaduCorporation for Industrial Infrastructure Development (TNCID).

SIPCOT has developed three industrial complexes at Cuddalore, called CuddalorePhase 1, 11 and 1II. Phase I comprises of 58 units which include SPIC, J.K. Pharma, AsianPaints, Tanfac, Square D & Biotech. Cuddalore Phase II comprises Orchid Chemicalsand Pharmaceuticals Ltd. While in Cuddalore Phase IlIl acquisition of Land is underprogress.

Tuticorin - This coastal city has 17 large-scale, 19 medium-scale and 185 small-scaleunits under Red Category. While 9 large, 41 medium and 187 Orange Category unitsand 41 medium and 32 small-scale units under Green Category exist.

SIPCOT has developed an industrial complex comprising of 65 industrial units, whichcomprises Sterilite industries, Southern Fuels, Amulya sea goods, Euro-Marine productsand Kilburn Chemicals, a few names to mention.

Manali Industrial Area - Madras Refineries Ltd. is the major large industry situated inthe Manali Industrial Area. Industrial estate comprises of many other industries, whichinclude 40 large, 40 medium & 335 small-scale industries under Red Category. WhileOrange Category comprises 15 large, 68 medium and 196 small-scale industries. GreenCategory comprises 2 large, 26 medium and 102 small-scale industries.

Vellore - This is a tannery belt comprising many common effluent treatment plants forthe treatment of tannery effluent namely Pernambet, Udayendirum, Melvisharam,Amboor and Vaniambedi.

Apart from these CETP's SIPCOT and Talco have also put up CETP's at Ranipet.Vellore district comprises 6 large, 34 medium and 361 small Red Category units. While

Orange Category comprises 9 large, 25 medium and 208 small units. Green Categorycomprises 3 large 21 medium and 29 small-scale industries.

Tirupur - It is situated on the banks of river Noyyal and is famous for its hosiery anddying units. It is a great export centre of hosiery, bedsheets and towels, which areexported to European nations.

Tirupur has 14 large, 67 medium and 662 small-scale units under Red Category, and 47large, 129 medium and 414 small units under Orange Category. While Green Categoryunits comprise 4 medium and 10 small-scale units.

Effluent discharge from the dying units has polluted river Noyyal and also theOrathupalayam dam. Water from this dam is let out into river Noyyal that joins Cauveryand pollutes river Cauvery near TNPL in Pugalur.

Due to dyeing wastewater discharge mass fish kills are observed in Orathupalayamdam.

Salem - Mettur Dam and Chemplast industries are the two major industries. Apart fromthese, a number of Sago industries exist in this belt. A common effluent treatment plantfor the treatment of Sago industry effluent was put up almost a decade ago.

Salem has 29 large, 59 medium and 452 small-scale units under Red Category while 20large, 125 medium and 1321 small-scale units under Orange Category and only 76small-scale units under Green Category.

The above six areas are environmentally declared "Hot Spots" due to the existence oflarge number of Red Category industries and the pollution Level are on the higher sidein these six areas.

References: 1. Environmental Profile of Tamil Nadu by Sir Dr. C.P. Ramaswamy lyerEnvironmental Education Centre, Eldam's Road, Chennai

2. Personal meeting with TNPCB

Annexure -9Cumulative Ranking into El, E2 and E3 categories of the activities

Air Water Solid Total RankWaste Score

Activities SCORE SCORE pH BOD TSS O/G SCORE- gwBas88N \:g. .3~' #!}'st, :- _,t. :gbj+; .KJ .9 1-- =-,i >$

Floriculture / 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0.00 ElNursery _Vegetable growing 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 El

Fruit Cultivation 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 ElPepper processing 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0.5 ElSpirulina Culturing 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.25 0.25 ElVermi 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 Elcomposting/BiofertilizersBetel / Sea wood 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElcultivationCashew cultivation, 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 Elflowercultivation/CashcropsTea 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElPlantations/CashCropsLand reclamation, 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 Elwaste landcultivation

Idli and Tiffin 0.25 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.75 ElCanteen/Tea Stall 0 0.5 NS S NS NS 0.5 1 E2

Jam making 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElPickle making 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 El

Pappad 0 0.25 NS S NS NS 0 0.25 ElMaking/PotatochipsArca nut bark 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 ElprocessingSoap Making 0 1 S S S S 0 1 E2

Detergent Powder 0 1 S S S S 0.5 1.5 E2MakingMutton stall 0 0.5 S S NS NS 0.5 1 E2Match Factory 0 0.5 S NS S NS 0 0.5 El

Papier-mache toys 0 0.5 S S NS NS 0 0.5 ElOil extraction from 0 1 S S S S 0 1 E2




Activities SCORE SCORES S S NS 0.5 15

Pig Rearing 0 0.5 5 SH NOTS NSG0.5 1RE

Neem nuts/leavesPottery (Without 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 Elglazing & colouring)

Milch Animal 0 1 S S S NS 0.5 1. E2rearing

Goat Rearing 0 1 S S S NS 0.5 1.5 E2

Pig Rearing 0 0.5 S S NS NS 0.5 1 E2

Poultry Rearing 0 0.5 S S S NS 0.5 1 E2

Sericulture 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 ElMilk animals Milk 0 0.5 S S NS NS 0.5 1 E2

vending mWwmo3 h.DV- O 4WM

Bamboo Basket 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElWeaving __

Hiring of Utensils 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 ElTerracodta toys 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElGem stone cutting 0.25 0 NS NS NS NS 0.25 0.5 El

Rice mill 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0.5 ElLeather chappals 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 Eland other leather.products

Tailoring 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 El

Jute Bag Stitching 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 El

Carpentry 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E 2

Camphor making NS NS NS NS 0 E(

Wood Carvings 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 El

Garland from waste 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 El

cocoonsStuffed Toys 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 El

Coir Rope Making 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 El

Greeting card 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.25 0.25 El

PreparationBook Binding/Paper 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.25 0.25 El

cover making.Beedi Making 0 0 NS NS NS NS ,0.5 0.5 El




Activities SCORE SCORE pH BOD TSS O/G SCOREPublic Distribution 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 ElsystemVegetable vending 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.25 0.25 ElPetty Shops 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 El

Tamarind 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.25 0.25 ElProcessing/ SalesSpices Powder 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.25 0.75 El(Masala)Plates made of 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElLeaves, LeafThachingSea Shell 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElornamentsCandle Making 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.25 0.75 El

Provision Stores 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 ElMat Weaving 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 El

Agarbatti 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 El

Silk thread twisting 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElSilk Sari Weaving 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElHerbal Plant 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0 0 Elcollection andHerbal medicinepreparationFish Drying/Dry fish 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 Elvending

Brick kiln 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2Coal Making 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2Creamic 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2dolls/potPery PLime kiln 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS B 0.5 E2Fish net makinc, 0 0 NS, NS NS NS O El

Detergents/soap, 0 1 S S S S 0.5 15 E2Paints & Varnishes,Dyes & Dyeintermediates, Glue_Pesticidies (storage 0.25 1 S S S S 0.5 1.75 E2& production)Inland coastal 0 1 S S S S 0.5 1.5 E2fishery activities,fish meal products_.Prawn cultivation I S IS IS IS 0.5 11.5 E2

Tamil Nadu Poverty Reduction Project3

Technical Environmental Guideiines (World Bank)


Activities SCORE SCORE pH BOD TSS O/G SCOREDiary/Animal 0 1 S S S S 0.5 1.5 E2RearingPiggery (including 0 1 S S S S 0.5 1.5 E3slaughter houses)Plaster of Paris 0.5 0.5 S NS S NS 0.5 1.5 E2Cement pipe 0.5 0.5 S NS S S 0.5 1.5 E2makingBio fertilizer 0 0.5 S S NS NS 0.5 1 E2Fabric dyeing 0 0 0.5 0.5 ElPaper & Tissue 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElPaper makingAlluminum Foil 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElMakingSpring steel wire 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElmakingTyre Retreading 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2Plastic recycling 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 ElPlastic _ 0.5 0.5 El

Activated carbon 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2from paddy HuskCleaning powder 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2from flyash/cleaningpowderRice and grain 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2millingGlass 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2Cracker 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 E2Leather processing 0 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 0.5 El(Footwear/Articlemaking) _-

Charcol making 0.5 0 NS NS NS NS 0.5 1 ElOil extraction 0.5 1 S S S S 0.5 2 E3Brick making 0.5 0.5 S NS S S 0.5 1.5 E2Fuel briquetting 0.5 0.5 NS NS S S 0.5 1.5 E2Synthetic Adhesive 0.5 0.5 S NS S NS 0.5 1.5 E2Gypsum basedunitsPoultry ( including 0.5 1 S S S S 0.5 2 E3Slaughtering)Mushroom 0 1 5 S S NS 0.5 1.5 E2Cultivation _ _ _ NS ________

0 to 0.9 El environmentally benign1 tol.9 E2 minor potential environmental impacts

2 to 3 E3 significant potential impactsNote: RANKING HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT FROM 0 - TO-1



Annexure-1 0Environmental Friendly Activities

These activities are eco-friendly in nature; they are also cost effective and lead toproduction of pollution free products. In Tamil Nadu under poverty reduction schememany micro-level activities have been encouraged. Among these activities, followingactivities are environmental friendly and profitable, and needs encouragement.

* Vermi Composting

* Spirulina Culturing

* Mushroom Culturing

* Arca Bark Processing

* Plastic Recycling

Vermi Composting: This activity is based on concept of harnessing ecosystem foreffective utilization of organic residues like biomass, cattle dung, vegetable wastes,agricultural residues and also industrial wastewaters, with the help of earthworms.Earthworms act as natural bioreactors, use soil micro-flora and effectively convert theorganic waste into vermi-composts. Due to the earthworms' activity, good aeration of soiltakes place and porosity of soil improves.

Vermi-composting has dual advantage of waste disposal and also manufacture of goodmanure / soil conditioners. Vermi-compost is very rich in important nutrients likenitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This process requires lesser time for compostingorganic residues. Vermi-composting can be done on any organic waste of plant andanimal origin except poultry droppings.

The mixing of secretions of earthworms with the composted material enhances the waterholding capacity of the manure and also enhances the plant growth. Vermi-compostinghave immobilized culture of beneficial bacteria, which eradicates pathogens, odour andfly nuisance.

This technique is also very beneficial and very effective in management of all organicresidues both solid and liquid wastes which create odour and fly nuisance. Earthwormsalso act as powerful bio-pesticide and protect the useful micro-flora of the soil. Thevermicompost produced by the earthworms has an enhanced ability to absorbatmospheric moisture and supply the plants with needed wetness.

Application of Vermicompost on agricultural lands increases the crop yield by more thandouble. Organic wastes such as sugarcane baggase, banana stem and peels, vegetablepeels and skins, paddy, wheat straw, coir waste, etc. can be fruiffully converted intogood soil conditioners by vermicomposting. All the raw materials needed can be easilyprocured free of cost.

This activity is very cost effective, pollution free and very sustainable in nature.

Spirulina Culturing: Spirulina is high chlorophyll containing algae which is rich inprotein and nutrients. It is a good source of nutrient to infants and invalids. It is alsoreported that regular intake of Spirulina helps in improving body immune system to fightagainst cancer. Spirulina culturing is being carried out on commercial level world over.

After the inoculation of Spirulina it takes one month for the good growth of the algae; butthen after every alternate day, harvesting can be achieved. Spirulina culturing is veryeffective in summer due to enough sunlight. Productivity of spirulina reduces during rainyseason.

During spirulina culturing, nutrients like urea, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride,magnesium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ferrous sulphate and phosphoric acid arerequired. Proper agitation of the contents in the tank is also required, which can beachieved by simple stirring using wooden ladle. In commercial venture, aerators areprovided in the tank for agitation. Once peak growth is achieved, spirulina is screenedusing stainless steel sieves. In the tanks, 100% of the nutrient water is reused after theharvest and next batch is cultured in the same tank. So no nutrient rich water isdischarged. Only fresh makeup water is added to maintain the water level in the tanks.Prior to drying, spirulina is washed 2 to 3 times with fresh water and then sun dried. Sundried Spirulina is powdered and ready for packing.

Mushroom Culturing: Mushrooms are high protein containing edible fungus as theyalso contain high nutrients. There are many varieties of mushrooms which havemedicinal properties. It has been proved to be useful for the treatment of obesity, cancerand problems related to menopause in females.

Training on mushroom culturing is being imparted by the Agricultural Institutions toentrepreneurs. It is a good activity with sufficient income generating potential. Completegrowth cycle of mushrooms takes 28 days. Mushroom reaches full growth by 22nd dayafter the sowing and can be harvested from the 22nd day onwards till the 28th day ondaily plucking basis. When 200gms of seeds are sown, the yield is 2 kg. fresh full grownmushrooms. Raw material required are minimal like seeds, straw, plastic bags andwater. It is very water intensive in nature but the wastewater not being toxic can betreated by a simple conventional treatment process consisting of physico-chemicaltreatment (Alum / Lime addition) followed by simple settling. This treated water can beconserved by using for fire fighting, floor washing and horticulturing.

Arca Bark Processing: Arca bark is purchased from the tree owners at the rate of100bark pieces or mattai per 600 rupees. The barks are soaked in fresh water for 24hours to make it soft and pliable. After 24 hours they are removed from the water anddried in shade away from direct sunlight. The good quality, barks are selected and usedfor the production of plates, (12", 10", 8" and 6" diameter) and also shallow bowls.Different dies for different shapes are used and the barks are pressed in a machine at awarm temperature and plates and bowls are manufactured.

This activity needs large volumes of water for bark soaking process. But this water canbe easily treated by addition of bleaching powder and then passing the wastewaterthrough sand filters. Treated effluent can be used for recharge of the ground water, forfloor cleaning, horticulture etc. solid waste comprises unused, broken barks, trimmings.

Plastic Recycling: Plastic recycling has been successfully demonstrated in Tamil Nadu.Plastic recycling is much cheaper than land filling and incineration of the plastic. Wastegeneration is only the wastewater, which can be reused after simple settling. Solid wastegenerated is reused in the process. Air emission during plastic melting can be controlledeasily by installing scrubbers.

Annexure 11

Negative List of Sub-projects

The following list has been compiled based on the laws and regulations of theGovernments of India and Tamil Naduand the Safeguard Policies of the World Bank.

It is recommended that the following sub-projects must not be supported inTNEPRP:

Concerning Environmental Assessment

Any sub-project that is not screened for environmental assessment.

Concerning Forests, Forest Produce, Trees

Any sub-project that involves destruction, exploitation or removal of any wildlife from asanctuary or destroys or damages the habitat of any wild animal or deprives any wildanimal of its habitat within such sanctuary (except with a permit granted by the ChiefWild Life Warden).

Any project that involves setting fire to a sanctuary, or kindling any fire or leaving any ina sanctuary, in such manner as to endanger such sanctuary.

Any sub-project that involves the use of chemicals, explosives, or any other substanceswhich may cause injury to, or endanger, any wildlife in a sanctuary.

Any sub-project involving procurement of livestock to be kept in or within five kilometersof a sanctuary without immunization of the animals against communicable diseases.

Any sub-project that involves taking for grazing any livestock in a sanctuary withoutgetting it immunized.

Any sub-project that involves grazing of animals in the plantation area in the sanctuary.

Any sub-project that involves grazing of goats in a sanctuary.

Any sub-project that is located in or involves a National Park.

Any sub-project that involves the following in a reserved forest without the writtenpermission of the Divisional Forest Officer:

* Set fire, kindle fire or leave any fire burning in such manner as to endanger suchforest

* Kindle, keep or carry any fire except at seasons and conditions specified by theDivisional Forest Officer

* Trespass, pasture cattle or allow cattle to trespass in the plantation areas* Grazing of goats* Cause any damage, either willfully or negligently in felling or cutting any trees or

dragging any timber* Fell, girdle, lop, tap or burn any tree or strip off the bark or leaves from or

otherwise damage the same* Quarry stone, burn lime or charcoal* Collect or subject to any manufacturing process, any forest produce

110

Annexure 1 1

* Clear or break up or plough any land for cultivation or for any other purpose* Hunt, shoot, fish, poison water or set traps or snares* Damage, alter or remove any wall, ditch embankment, fence, hedge, or railing, or* Remove any forest produce

Any sub-project that involves the following in reserved and protected forests:* Brick making involving extraction (for soil or fuel) from reserved or protected

forests* Agriculture involving chemical pesticide use without an IPM approach* All infrastructure activities without permission from the Forest Department and all

activities that require permission from the Forest Department for which suchpermission has not been taken

Any sub-project that involves the collection, moving and sale of forest produce without apermit from the Divisional Forest Officer and without a plan for sustainable extraction.

Any sub-project that involves selling or purchasing or curing or otherwise processing orcollection or storage or transport of any minor forest produce without the requiredregistration and permission from the Divisional Forest Officer.

Any sub-project that involves any of the following without prior written permission of theForest Officer in public premises (any area under the control of Government Departmentand includes road sides; premises of institutions and public buildings, public gardens,porambokes, beroon lands, Panchayat lands, irrigation project sites and canal banks,tank bunds, tank spread and foreshores, etc.):

* Felling, girdling, lopping, tapping or burning of any trees* Stripping off the bark or collecting leaves or otherwise damaging a tree* Removing any produce from such trees existing in public premises* Damaging, altering, removing any fence or live hedge fence

Any sub-project that involves the felling of the following 'prohibited trees' without apermit:

1. Veppam (Azadirachta indica)2. Nattu illuppai (Madhuka latifolia)3. Mamaram (Mangifera indica)4. Naikottai (Sapindus emarginatus)5. Ettimaran (Strychnos nuxvomica)6. Puli (Tamarindus indica)7. Pala (Artocarpus integrifolia and Artocarpus hirsuta)8. Kdukkai (Termalia chebula)9. Krumthumba (Diospyros malonaxylon)10. Notchi (Vitex negundo)11. Punnai (Calophyllum inophyllum)

Any sub-project that involves the cutting of the following reserved trees, if the tree doesnot exceed 120 cm. in girth at 1.3 metres height from ground level:

1. Mancha kadambu (Adina cordifolia)2. Baimaram (Chloroxylon swietenia)3. Ittimaram (Dalbergia latifolia)4. Malai atti (Hardwickia binata)

111

Annexure 1 1

5. Raktachandanam (Pterocarpus santalinus)6. Vengai (Pterocarpus marsupium)

* 7. Sandanam (Santalum album)8. Sal (Shorea robusta)9. Poovatti (Schleichera trijuga)10. Tekku (Tectona grandis)11. Karaimarattu (Terminalia tomentosa)12. Irul (Xylya dolabriformis)13. Lavanga pattai (Cinnamon momum zeylanicum)14. Jadikkai (Vinema attenuala)15. Masathekkau (Premna Tomentosa)16. Palai (Wrightoria tinetoria)

Any sub-project involving logging operations or purchase of logging equipment.

Any sub-project that involves the installation, erection or operation of a saw mill (amechanical contrivance for sawing, cutting or conversion of timber with the aid ofelectrical or mechanical power) for cutting, converting or sawing of timber without alicence from the Divisional Forest Officer. Also, any sub-project that involves the settingup fresh saw mills within a distance of 5 km. from the boundary of any forest under thecontrol of the Forest Department shall be granted.

Any sub-project which involves making charcoal, or cutting or cause to cut trees for thepurposes of making charcoal, without the previous written permission of the DivisionalForest Officer concerned.

Concerning Coastal Areas

Any sub-project that involves setting up and expansion of fish processing units includingwarehousing (excluding hatchery and natural fish drying in permitted areas) in theCoastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) (The Government of India declares the coastal stretchesof seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which are influenced by tidalaction up to 500 metres from the High Tide Line (HTL) and the land between the LowTide Line (LTL) and the HTL as CRZ).

Any sub-project that involves discharge of untreated wastes and effluents from industriesand human settlements in the CRZ.

Any sub-project in the CRZ that involves land reclamation, bunding or disturbing thenatural course of sea water with similar obstructions, except those required for control ofcoastal erosion and maintenance or cleaning of waterways and channels; for preventionof sandbars; and except for structures for prevention of salinity ingress and for sweetwater recharge.

Any sub-project that involves mining of sands, rocks and other substrata materials in theCRZ areas, except those raw materials not available outside the CRZ areas.

Any sub-project that involves harvesting or withdrawal of ground water and constructionof mechanisms for the same within 200 metres of the high tide line. In the 200 metres to500 metres zone it shall be permitted only when done manually through ordinary wellsfor drinking, horticulture, agriculture and fisheries.

112

Annexure 1 1

Any construction activity between the low tide line and the high tide line.

Concerning Dams

Any sub-project involving a dam (existing or new) of 10 metres high or more.

Concerning Agriculture

Any agriculture sub-project that does not incorporate Integrated Pest Management (iPM)approaches.

Any agriculture sub-project that intends to use banned pesticides, agrochemicals inWHO Classes IA, IB and 11. Annexure 11

Any sub-projects that involve manufacture or sale, stocking or exhibiting for sale ordistribution of any insecticide, without a licence.

Any sub-project involving intensive aquaculture involving harvest of fish/shrimp seedfrom the wild, pumping of saline water, conversion of prime agricultural land intoaquaculture ponds, use of chemical inputs in natural wetlands and coastal habitats.

Concerning Cultural Property

No sub-projects that will damage non-replicable cultural property will be permitted.

Concerning Water

Any sub-project that involves sinking any well (other than any well for public drinkingpurpose and hand pump for public or private drinking water purpose) in the vicinity of apublic drinking water source within a distance of 250 meters, without permission from theTamil Nadu Water supply and Drainage Board (TWSDB) for all the districts exceptChennai. For Chennai, Chennai Metro Water supply and Sanitation Board if the well is tobe used with a power driven pump, without permission from TNEB for all the districtsexcept Chennai.

Any sub-project that involves sinking a well without the permission of the State groundand Surface water resources data center of water resources organization in PWD.

Any sub-project that involves sinking of a bore well in a dark Block unless it is for thepurpose of providing drinking water. Annexure 16

Concerning Land

Any sub-project that involves brick manufacturing in areas where the soil is prone toerosion and depletion.

Any sub-project for constructions within a radius of 10 kilometres of coal based thermalpower plants not involving use of bricks made of fly ash.

113

Annexure- 12

Banned Pesticide Classification List - WHO

Table 1. Extremely hazardous (Class la) technical grade active ingredients ofpesticides (common name) - not permissible in the project

Aldicarb Difethialone Parathion-methylBrodifacoum Diphacinone Phenylmercury acetateBromadiolone Disulfoton PhorateBromethalin Ethoprophos PhosphamidonCalcium cyanide Flocoumafen Sodium fluoroacetateCaptafol Fonofos SulfotepChlorethoxyfos Hexachlorobenzene TebupirimfosChlormephos Mercuric chloride TerbufosChlorophacinone MevinphosDifenacoum Parathion

Table 2. Highly hazardous (Class lb) technical grade active ingredients of pesticides(Common name) - not permissible in the project

Acrolein Ethiofencarb OxamylAllyl alcohol Famphur Oxydemeton-methylAzinphos-ethyl Fenamiphos Paris green [C]Azinphos-methyl Flucythrinate PentachlorophenolBlasticidin-S Fluoroacetamide PindoneButocarboxim Formetanate Pirimiphos-ethylButoxycarboxim Furathiocarb PropaphosCadusafos Heptenophos PropetamphosCalcium arsenate Isazofos Sodium arseniteCarbofuran Isofenphos Sodium cyanideChlorfenvinphos Isoxathion Strychnine3-Chloro-1,2- Lead arsenate Tefluthrinpropanediol Mecarbam Thallium sulfateCoumaphos Mercuric oxide ThiofanoxCoumatetralyl Methamidophos ThiometonZeta-cypermethrin Methidathion TriazophosDemeton-S-methyl Methiocarb VamidothionDichlorvos Methomyl WarfarinDicrotophos Monocrotophos Zinc phosphideDinoterb NicotineEdifenphos Omethoate

Annexure- 12

Table 3. Moderately hazardous (Class 11) technical grade active ingredients ofpesticides (Common name) - not permissible in the project

Alanycarb Endosulfan ParaquatAnilofos Endothal-sodium PebulateAzaconazole Esfenvalerate PermethrinAzocyclotin Ethion PhenthoateBendiocarb Etrimfos PhosaloneBenfuracarb Fenazaquin PhosmetBensulide Fenitrothion PhoximBifenthrin Fenobucarb PiperophosBilanafos Fenpropidin PirimicarbBioallethrin Fenpropathrin PrallethrinBromoxynil Fenthion ProfenofosBromuconazole Fentin acetate PropiconazoleBronopol Fentin hydroxide PropoxurButamifos Fenvalerate ProsulfocarbButylamine Fipronil ProthiofosCarbaryl Fluxofenim PyraclofosCarbosulfan Formothion PyrazophosCartap Fuberidazole PyrethrinsChloralose Gamma-HCH PyroquilonChlordane Guazatine QuinalphosChlorfenapyr Haloxyfop Quizalofop-p-tefurylChlorphonium chloride Heptachlor RotenoneChlorpyrifos Imazalil Sodium fluorideClomazone Imidacloprid SodiumCopper sulfate Iminoctadine hexafluorosilicateCuprous oxide loxynil SpiroxamineCyanazine loxynil octanoate SulprofosCyanophos lsoprocarb TerbumetonCyfluthrin Lambda-cyhalothrin TetraconazoleBeta-cyfluthrin Mercurous chloride ThiaclopridCyhalothrin Metaldehyde ThiobencarbCypermethrin Metam-sodium ThiocyclamAlpha-cypermethrin Methacrifos ThiodicarbCyphenothrin Methasulfocarb TriazamateDeltamethrin Methyl isothiocyanate TrichlorfonDiazinon Metolcarb TricyclazoleDifenzoquat Metribuzin TridemorphDimethoate Molinate VernolateDinobuton Nabam XylylcarbDiquat Naled

ii

Annexure- 12

Table 4. Slightly hazardous (Class 111) technical grade ingredients of pesticides(Common name) - permissible under [PM

Acephate Fluchloralin ResmethrinAcetochlor Flufenacet SethoxydimAcifluorfen Fluoroglycofen SimetrynAlachlor Flurprimidol Sodium chlorateAllethrin Flusilazole SulfiuramidAmetryn Flutriafol TebuconazoleAmitraz Fomesafen TebufenpyradAzamethiphos Furalaxyl TebuthiuronBensultap Glufosinate ThiramBentazone Hexazinone TralkoxydimBromofenoxim Hydramethyinon TriadimefonButroxydim Iprobenfos TriadimenolChinomethionat Isoprothiolane Tri-allateChlormequat (chloride) Isoproturon TriclopyrChloroacetic acid Isouron TriflumizoleChlorthiamid Malathion Undecan-2-oneCopper hydroxide MCPA-thioethyl UniconazoleCopper oxychloride Mecoprop ZiramCycloate Mecoprop-PCyhexatin MefluidideCymoxanil MepiquatCyproconazole MetalaxylDazomet MetamitronDesmetryn MetconazoleDicamba Methylarsonic acidDichlormid MetolachlorDichlorobenzene MyclobutanilDichlorophen 2-Napthyloxyacetic acidDichlorprop NitrapyrinDiclofop NuarimolDienochlor OcthilinoneDiethyltoluamide N-octylbicyclohepteneDifenoconazole dicarboximideDimepiperate OxadixylDimethachlor PaclobutrazolDimethametryn PendimethalinDimethipin PimaricinDimethylarsinic acid Pirimiphos-methylDiniconazole ProchlorazDinocap PropachlorDiphenamid PropanilDithianon PropargiteDodine PyrazoxyfenEmpenthrin PyridabenEsprocarb PyridaphenthionEtridiazole PyridateFenothiocarb PyrifenoxFerimzone QuinoclamineFluazifop-p-butyl Quizalofop

I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iii

Annexure - 12

Table 5. Technical grade active ingredients of pesticides unlikely to present acute

hazard in normal use (Common name) - permissible

Chlorothalonil Ethirimol

Aclonifen Chlorotoluron EthofumesateAcrinathrin Chlorpropham EtofenproxAlloxydim Chlorpyrifos methyl FamoxadoneAmitrole Chlorsulfuron FenarimolAmmonium sulfamate Chlorthal-dimethyl Fenbutatin oxideAncymidol Chlozolinate FenchlorazoleAnthraquinone Cinmethylin FenclorimAsulam Cinosulfuron FenfuramAtrazine Clofentezine Fenhexamid

Azimsulfuron Clomeprop FenoxycarbAzoxystrobine Clopyralid FenpiclonilBenalaxyl Cloxyfonac FenpropimorphBenazolin Cryolite [C] FenuronBenfluralin Cycloprothrin Fenuron-TCABenfuresate Cyclosulfamuron FerbamBenomyl Cycloxydim Flamprop

Benoxacor Cyhalofop Flucarbazone-sodiumBensulfuron-methyl Cyromazine FlucycloxuronBifenox Daimuron FlufenoxuronBioresmethrin Dalapon FlumetralinBiphenyl Daminozide FlumetsulamBispyribac Desmedipham FluometuronBitertanol Diafenthiuron FlupropanateBorax Dichlobenil FlupyrsulfuronBromacil Dichlofluanid Flurenol

Bromobutide Diclomezine FluridoneBromopropylate Dicloran FlurochloridoneBupirimate Diclosulam FluroxypyrBuprofezin Diethofencarb FluthiacetButachlor Diflubenzuron FlutolanilButralin Diflufenican tau-Fluvalinate

Butylate Dikegulac FolpetCaptan Dimefuron FosamineCarbendazim Dimethirimol FosetylCarbetamide Dimethomorph Gibberellic acidCarboxin Dimethyl phthalate GlyphosateCarpropamid Dinitramine Hexaconazole

Chlomethoxyfen Dipropyl HexaflumuronChloramben isocinchomerate HexythiazoxChloransulam methyl Dithiopyr HydropreneChlorbromuron Diuron HymexazolChlorfluazuron Dodemorph ImazamethabenzmethyChloridazon Ethalfluralin I

Chlorimuron Ethephon Imazapyr

iv

Annexure - 12

Imazaquin Phenylphenol Tolclofos-methylImazethapyr Phosphorus acid TolylfluanidImibenconazole Phthalide TransfluthrinInabenfide Picloram TriasulfuronIprodione Piperonyl butoxide Tribenuronlprovalicarb Pretilachlor TrietazineIsoxaben Primisulfuron TriflumuronKasugamycin Probenazole TrifluralinLenacil Procymidone Triflusulfuron-methylLinuron Prodiamine TriforineMaleic hydrazide Prometon TriticonazoleMancozeb Prometryn ValidamycinManeb Propamocarb VinclozolinMefenacet Propaquizafop ZineMepanipyrim PropazineMepronil ProphamMetazachlor PropinebMethabenzthiazuron PropyzamideMethoprene PyrazolynateMethoxychlor PyrazosulfuronMethyldymron PyrimethanilMetiram PyriminobacMetobromuron PyriproxyfenMetosulam Pyrithiobac sodiumMetoxuron QuincloracMetsulfuron methyl QuinmeracMonolinuron Quinoxyfen2-(1-Naphthyl) Quintozeneacetamide Rimsulfuron1-Naphthylacetic acid SiduronNapropamide SimazineNaptalam SpinosadNeburon SulfometuronNiclosamide SulphurNicosulfuron TebutamNitrothal-isopropyl TecnazeneNorflurazon TeflubenzuronOfurace TemephosOryzalin TerbacilOxabetrinil TerbuthylazineOxadiazon TerbutrynOxine-copper TetrachlorvinphosOxycarboxin TetradifonOxyfluorfen TetramethrinPenconazole ThiabendazolePencycuron ThidiazuronPentanochlor Thifensulfuron-methylPhenmedipham Thiophanate-methylPhenothrin Tiocarbazil

v

IiI

i

Ii

T

Annexure - 13Questionnaire

Name of the Industry

Total area covered

Year of establishment

Number of employees

Raw materials required

Place from where procured, its handling

Quantity of different raw materials

Source of water

Volume of water required

Wastewater generation (Volume)* Process* Sanitary I domestic

Mode of effluent disposal

Whether ETP / STP present

Treatment scheme

By product generation (both solid & liquid)* Its Utilization

Solid I hazardous waste* Handling* Quantity* Mode of disposal Energy requirement

Energy requirement* Diesel I Electricity I Coal I Fire wood* Connected load in case of electricity* Quantity of Diesel required, coal or fire wood

Noise: Sources, Preventive measures, ProtectivegadgetsAir pollution: Source, control devices if any

Health Aspect (provided)* Fist aid box* Routine medicines* Ambulance

Risk Management

I

IIIi

i

I

Annexure 14

List of Stakeholders

Si. List of Stakeholders Date VisitedNo.1 Infrastructure Development Finance Co. Ltd. (IDFC) 09/01/042 TNCDW, Guindy, Chennai 31/12/20033 TNPCB, Guindy, Chennai 31/12/20034 NEERI Zonal Office, Taramani, Chennai 31/12/2003 07/01, 08/01,

10/01 and 11/01/045 Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University 08/01, 09/01 and 10/01/046 Tamil Nadu Urban Development Corporation, Chennai 08/01/ and 09/01/047 Tamil Nadu Urban Finance and Infrastructure Development 08/01/ and 09/01/04

Corporation Ltd., 84, TTK Road, Alwarpet, Chennai8 National Information Centre, Besantnagar, Chennai 10/01/049 Integrated Rural Community Development Society (IRCDS), 03/01/04

Tiruvallur10 Chennai district small scale industries association, GST Road, 11/01/04

Guindy (CDSSIA)11 Sir Dr. C.P. Ramaswamy lyer Environmental Education 02/01/04

Centre, Eldam's Road, ChennaiProject Offices1 . Mrs. V. Indira, PO 03/01 and 04/01/04

Collectorate building, Thiruvallur2 * Mr. S. Sudarshanam, PO 05/01 and 06/01/04

Valudureddy, Villupuram3 * Ms. Madhavi, PO 06/02 and 07/02/04

. Mr. Tirupati, APOCollectorate Campus, Dharmapuri

4 . Mr. N. Idimannan, PO 08/02/04Idari Road, Salem

5 . Mr. G. Ramiah, PO 09/02/04. Mr. Arumugam, APO

Spencer Comppound, Dindigul6 * Mr. P. Murugesan, PO 10/02/04

. Ms. Vijaya Sarathi, APOGandhi Road, NRT Nagar, Theni

NGOs1 Madras Social Services Society, Thiruvallur 03/01/042 Varsha Federation, Villuppuram 05/01 and 06/01/043 Kalvi Kendra, Villupuram 05/02 and 06/02/044 Members of District Project Implementation Unit, Villupuram 06/01/045 Integrated Village Development Project (IVDP), Dharmapuri 06/02 and 07/02/046 Society for People's Environment and Economic Development 06/02 and 07/02/04

(SPEED), Dharmapuri7 Kingsley Community Centre (KCC), Dharmapuri 06/02 and 07/02/048 Search - Dharmapuri 06/02/ and 07/02/049 Power - Dharmapuri 06/02/ and 07/02/0410 Bharathiyar Makkal Nalvazhun Sangam (BMNS), Salem 08/02/0411 Community Services Guild (CSG), Veeranum, Salem 08/02/0412 Deepam People's Society, Aarovilla, Main Road, Yercaud 06/02/0413 Semmanatham, Yercaud, Salem 08/02/0414 Peoples Voluntary Integration Services Organization 08/02/04

(PEVISO), Salem

i

Annexure 14

15 Peace Trust - Dindigul 09/02/0416 Gandhigram Trust, Dindigul 09/02/0417 Sirpi, Theni 10/02/0418 Chanard, Theni 10/02/0419 Green, Theni 10/02/0420 Vaigai, Theni 10/02/0421 Inanindakaikal, Theni 10/02/0422 Chinnamanur, Theni 10/02/0423 More than 50 SHG Groups from the above six districts 05/02 to 09/02/0424 Village Panchayat Representation 06/02/04

11

ANNEXURE 15

JFORM A-1 Deleted: -[To be filled by the Environmental Appraiser of the Village Livelihood Plan (VLP)]

1. Name of the Village

2. Date of submission of VLP

3. Description of the Activity

4. Whether the Activity is included in the list ofEnvironmentally critical ("Negative") activities'

5. Evaluation of Environmental impacts based onthe following items

- Is the Activity listed in the ERM?- If yes, which category to be referred

(El, E2, E3)- If no, kindly categorize the activity

as follows2

Impact SCOREAirWaterSolid WasteTotal

6. Relevant TEGs for the activities to be taken up(Quote page number from ERM, also attach photocopy from ERM)

7. Any other specific suggestions for mitigatingo Negative Environmental Impactso Enhancement of Environmental benefits

8. Required conditions for final approval 3

9. Activity initially Approved/ Not Approved

Signature Signature

Name of Appraiser DLBBSG Project Officer

' Refer list of Environmentally Critical Activities in Environment Resource Manual (ERM).2 Refer Annexure 9 of ERM.3For E3 category activities, an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) required

Form A-2[To be submitted by subproject proponent]

1. Name of the SHG


3. Activity Description a Attach copy of FORM 1":

4. Location of subproject

5. Have the suggested TEGs been incorporated inthe proposal? (See FORM 1)

6. Have the prescribed conditions for finalapproval been met?

7. If FORM 1 indicates E3 activity, has the EIAbeen conducted? (The EIA report should beenclosed with the activity proposal)

8. Site-specific Environmental information

CATEGORY EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION Yes/NoAre there known air quality problems in the area?

AirWater Does the location fall under groundwater dark zone?

Is the water highly saline?Does the project involve sinking a well near public watersource within a distance of 250 meters?

Land/Soil Is soil erosion/ depletion observed?Whether pesticides would be used?Whether aquaculture is envisaged in agriculture land?Will saline water be used for the project envisaged?

Agriculture Whether the project incorporates IPM ?

Name and Signature

Representative of SHG

Refer Annexure-16IPM 4 Integrated Pest Management

FORM A-3[To be filled by Village Poverty Reduction Committee (VPRC) subproject subcommitteerepresentative]

1. Name of the SHG


3. Activity Description "Attach copy of FORM 1":

4. Location of subproject

5. Have the suggested TEGs been incorporated inthe proposal? (See FORM 1)

7. In case of E3 and specializedsubprojects, has an EIA report been submitted(The EIA report should be enclosed with theActivity proposal)

8. Have the subproject proposals been sent forscrutiny to DLBSG in case of E3 orspecialized category activities

9. Based on the provided Site-specificenvironmental information, are there anyadditional serious environmental concerns?If yes, is the list sent to DLBSG for review?

10. For E3 class sub-projects, recommendation of the Environmental Appraiser: Is thesub-project recommended for clearance? Yes/No

| 1. Final Environmental Clearance: Is the proposal cleared? Yes/No tFormatted: Bullets and Numbering

(If not cleared, provide reasons. El and E2 class subprojects will be cleared by theVPRC. E3 class sub-projects can only be cleared by DLBSG, on recommendation ofthe Environmental Appraiser)

Name and SignatureVPRC Subproject Subcommittee Representative

Name and Signature*Environmental Appraiser*

Name and Signature*DLBSG Project Officer*

* Only for E3 class sub-projects

ii

ii

i

I t

Annexure 16* I - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Deleted: -Section Break (etPg)

* Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment

A. Title and Executive Summary (include addresses and telephone numbers of theapplicant(s))

B. Project Description1. Purpose and Justification2. Location (including maps)3. Proposed actions

C. Existing Environmental Setting (Baseline information including historical data)

1. Natural Environmenta. Physical features (e.g. climate, topographic maps, geology)b. Natural Resources

* Water* Soils* Biological* Unique Feature (e.g. wetlands, etc.)

c. Habitatd. Plantse. Animals

2. Human Environmenta. Land Use (e.g. zoning, land use plans, etc.)b. Existing Infrastructure

* Water* Sewer* Power* Roads (access)* Drainage

c. Unique Features (e.g. archaeological/cultural)

D. Alternatives (Considered/Selected)1. Alternative locations2. Alternative designs/site layouts3. Preferred alternative (and reasons for selection)

E. Alternatives compared (impact analysis/comparative matrix)

F. Project Impacts (preferred alternative)1. Construction impacts

a. Permanentb. Temporary

2. Operationala. Directb. Indirect

3. Social/Cultural impacts4. Cumulative Impacts

5. Estimate the significance or magnitude of environmental impacts and identifyrelevant criteria utilized to determine significance.a. Based on existing statute, regulation or standardb. Based on information specific to this studyc. Compared to existing studies

G. Mitigation/Technical Environmental Guidelines - (Measures proposed to avoid,reduce or compensate for project impacts which are not significant)

1. Construction mitigationa. Description of each proposed mitigation techniqueb. Effectiveness of mitigationc. Environmental monitoring

2. Operational mitigationa. Description of each proposed techniqueb. Effectivenessc. Environmental monitoring

H. Compliance with environmental statutes and regulations1. Water2. Air3. Pesticides4. Solid and Hazardous Wastes5. Protected or endangered species6. Protected habitat

1. Conclusions

J. Appendices (supporting data)1. Baseline Studies/Surveys2. Other Data/Reports

public disclosure authorized el 098 - world...

Documents