RESEARCH ABOUT INTERNET AND TELEVISION IN THE LIVES OF YOUNG PEOPLEROMANIA vs POLAND

Ioana CiobanuFlorentina GrosuAdina-Florentina Cirmaci Madalina DiacZuzanna Scroczynska

Research about the TV and the Internet in the lives of young people

1. The realization of a questionnaire

A questionnaire is a set of questions for gathering information from individuals. It can be administered by mail, telephone, using face-to-face interviews, as handouts, or electronically (i.e., by email or through Web-based questionnaires). It is a quantitative method of research.The questionnaires are used in a research for:1. Gathering data about knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Questionnaires are helpful in gathering information that is unique to individuals, such as attitudes or knowledge.

1. Finding out more information to complement or follow up a previous exploratory study. The purpose of this may be to check the validity of previously collected data or observations to enrich the overall results of a study.

1. Comparing responses in subgroups of a large population, such as knowledge about different drugs, the type of drugs used, how much they cost, and so on.

When planning a questionnaire study, you must first make a number of decisions regarding various aspects of the study and how it will proceed. These decisions will all have a major impact on the implementation and success of the study.

1. Define your objectives. The most critical part of developing a questionnaire is defining what you want from it and how you will use the information to answer your evaluation questions. By taking the time to define the purpose and the objectives you will reduce the likelihood of gathering unusable information.1. Select the number and type of participants for the questionnaire. Selecting the type of participants is part of determining the objectives. It is also important to decide if you should include all possible participants or if a sample will suffice. This will depend on the number of possible participants and the resources that are available. 3.Develop questions that clearly communicate what you want to know. That is why it is important to follow some items when you create the questions:-Use clear and simple words written at the reading level of the participants. -Avoid using abbreviations, jargon, or colloquial phrases.-The Question Appraisal System (QAS-99) is a method for identifying and fixing communication problems in questionnaires before formal pilot testing (i.e., a preliminary test of your questionnaire to make sure that intended participants understand and respond favorably to it). 4. Choose the type of the questionsA questionnaire can contain two types of questions:closes-ended and open-ended.First category questions include a list of predetermined answers from which participants can choose (for example: Do you have Twitter account? Yes/ No). It is more easy to be analysed.The open-ended questions allow the participant to answer the question in their own words. They are more difficult and time-consuming to analyze because you have to categorize and summarize the answers.

5. Include demographic questions.Questionnaires usually include demographic questions such as sex, race, age, education, and where the participant works or lives. The purpose of these questions is to describe subgroups of respondents. The demographic questions should be only those that are important for analysis.6. Place questions in a logical order that flows well.7. Pilot test the questionnaire. It is very important to know if the questions that you created are helpful for the study so first, it is better to test apply the questionnaire for a small group.

2. ArgumentThe research is based on finding the common things between two countries: Romania and Poland, concerning the behavior of the consumers about television and Internet. Also about what people believe about this two media, nowadays when the technology is growing up day by day. One of the factors that made us choose Romania and Poland is that the both are located in the same part of the Europe, in the East part. Another reason is that in both of these countries, the communism period fell down in 1989. So, we want to find out the differences of the technology`s progress after this period. We chose the method of questionnaire for our research because we want to obtain some quantitative information about the young people from these two countries. It is easy to apply it because we choose the online version.Another important aspect it is that we will use closed-ended but also open-eneded questions in order to find opinions and aspects about the behavior of the consumers of media. This way we will be able to approximate and to compare the behaviors of the two sides, to see common points and differecences.

3.The objectives of the researchIn realization of this project we started with searching of some answers begun with questions like: Where are spending more time the young people, in front of the TV or of the computer?, Why they are chosing one of this instead of the other?.After our theoretical documentary we realized that the avalanche of the new technology ( Internet, smartphone, I-pad) created a new kind of person, that is looking for find in a easy way information and that`s why is conturing a comfortable profile.

1. One of the objective of our research is to identify behavior of the young people about the spending on TV or/and Internet;

2. Another one is to find the differences between these countries, Romania and Poland;

3. Another objective is to see how students use the free media, which are an important element of the democracy;

4. Also, the researcher aims to identify which the most used media for finding news, entertainment.

4. The theoretical documentary about the topic

4.1 The television- evolution and theoretical concepts

Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium that is used for transmitting and receiving moving images and sound. Nowadays, television has become the most popular media of human kind. Its also the indispensable device in daily life. By watching TV , people can see many things happened in the surrounding world , therefore it help the people to catch and avoid being dropped back from the world of information. Beginning from the first one, the television is one of the most important invention in transforming information history . From very long ago, people had already known how to transform information in many different ways but only when the first television programme was broadcasted , a new age had begun , the age of image transformation. Television nowadays has been very popular, and almost every family have the access to it. By sitting ideally at home , watching TV , you can get a whole look all over the world. The appearance of television and television broadcasting enriches our entertainments . Many events and competition can be watched live and many exclusive movies are presented as well (although its a bit late in comparison with seeing those movies in the cinema) , but all are legal and youre free to enjoy them.Furthermore , the television deserve considered as the unlimited source of information . There are a lot of scientific channel which is suitable for all ages. Those are the fastest and cheapest way to improve your knowledge. Today, Television specializes into many channels , each channel satisfies the different audiences view such as news , sport, and film .

4.2 Television in RomaniaIn Romania the Television grew in the young lives very fast whereas the programmes are more vasted. From sports channels to film, news and entertainment. Television was introduced in August 1955. Over time followed a lot of transformation because of the period of the war and the communism period. In that time television was controlled by the authorities and the programs broadcasted were imposed by the government and these were provided from URSS. So, in this manner Romanian television didn`t perfom and it was like a stationing period. And the average of the transmission was two hours per day because of the Nicolae Ceausecu. After the fall of the communism the mass media improved and the American programs captured the mass media.Romanian programs, nowadays, are vasted: TVR1, the main channel of the public broadcasters, ProTV, a MediaPro channel, the leading commercial station in terms of audience, Sport.ro, the MediaPRO's sport channel, MTV Romania, the local version of the well known music television, etc.

4.3 Television in PolandThe beginnings of television in Poland dates back to 1937 years, when Warsaw was launched the first experimental television station. It was a public television station, where a program is now called TVP1. Private television in Poland began to form in the late 80s and 90s. The first operation of private television stations began with a local audience. The first commercial television station in Poland, and also in former communist countries, PTV was local Echo operating since February 6, 1990 to March 8, 1995 in Wroclaw.Currently on the market are almost 200 Polish Polish-language television stations nationwide broadcast primarily by satellite and cable TV, which has the character of a dominant part of the thematic channels.Polish television history until 1989 is closely linked with the history of Polish Television, since the transformation was the only broadcaster in the Republic .. The first transmission of a television signal carried out in 1931, Polish Radio in Katowice [6].October 25, 1952 hour year. 19:00 started the first Polish television program. In subsequent years, several television began broadcasting regional public television. October 2, 1970 was launched a second program nationwide. After the transformation in 1989, a private television broadcasting started. February 6, 1990 roku been broken the monopoly of national television has launched the first in Poland and also the first in the former communist countries Private TV - PTV Echo, suitable in Wroclaw and the surrounding area to 8 March 1995.in the late 90th century in Poland began to develop digital TV. In 1992 began the issuance of the first satellite stations, and 1998 was launched the first two Polish digital platforms: Vision TV and Cyfra +.

4.4 Internet

If we are searching about what means the Internet, we will find that it is a global system where the computers are interconnected, using the same standards. If we are talking about the origins, we should know that in 1960 the United States government built this concept. But after years, you can find the concept of the internet all over the world. And in June 2012, more than 2.4 billion people have used the services of the internet.For people all around the world is easier to stay in front of the laptop and to search for something, or to speak with someone. Likewise, we prefer to buy smart phones and ipads. But behind of all these things that we are buying, the main reason for why we are spending so much time on these gadgets is the internet. We all think that the greatest invention nowadays it wasn`t a bridge, it wasn`t a phone, it wasn`t a dress, but for sure it was the internet. Think about it. If it wasn`t the internet, you should send letters to your family, to your friends. When was the last time when you send a letter? Now, we can shop online, listen music easily on YouTube and also you can win money if you are a good writer (from blogging), and of course many other things. But like all the things in this world, the internet some important characteristics of using it. The characteristics:1. Faster communicationThe best thing about internet is that you can talk with other people when you want. You can speak in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the word, on another continent, for example. Because of this you can have more friends, and talk not just in your language. Actually you can improve your foreign languages with your foreign friends. For example, we are ERASMUS. After this semester we will leave in our countries, and without internet it gonna be a little bit hard to keep the relationships between us and other people. But now, for sure we will talk more, and we will share opinions about everything.2. InformationBecause of the internet you can find easily a lot of informations about everything. It is not necessary to go in a library if you want to read an article. It is not necessary to go in a farmacy if you want to know something about how you can take some pills. If you dont know what or how to cook, you just have to give a click on GooGle and search for something.3. EtertainmentThis is another reason why people are using the internet. It is about games, or watching on celebrities websites. The stars are using the internet also for promoting themselves, their music, their live. 4. Social networkHow our lives will be without Facebook, right now? Social network has become so popular, maybe because a lot of people can be connected in the same time, and talk about similar interests, changing opinions, ideas, find new things about other contries that you want to visit. Social network is very important in people`s life just because of this: they can talk with people that are not in the same city, country, you can see what happens with your friends life, because sometimes it is a little bit expensive to call someone.

5. Hypothesis

Most of the time, the quantitive researches developed under the form of surveys try to verify an hypothes already existed about the target. Our hypothesis were based on a preliminary research about the evolution of the Internet and Television in these countries. So we analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the both, the most important characteristics of the these media telecommunications. Having in view the informations after the theoretical documentary, there are the following hypotheses:If in the period of the communism the media was restricted and the people have limited time to access it, now they have more free time and spend it on activities on internet( reading news, listening music, watching movies, socialize sites, etc.) and watching television programs.If the channels on TV weren`t many in the beginning now there are a lot and vasted.Having in view the fact that many people hadn`t access to the Internet because of the cost of a computer, they spent it more time in front of the TV or doing more activities, but nowadays the people prefer more the online space for spending time.

6. The Questionnaire

Hello! We are Florentina Grosu, Adina Crmaci, Ioana Ciobanu, Mdlina Diac and Zuzana Sroczyska. We are realising a study about the presence of TV and Internet in the lives of young people from Romania and Poland in order to find similarities and differences betwen the two countries. Please complete the questionnarie and try to be honest. This will help us to have a realistic result. There is no correct or incorrect answer. Thank you!Top of FormDo you use to watch TV? Yes No Do you use Internet? Yes No How many hours per day do you spent watching TV? 0-1h 2-3h 4-5h More than 5h How many hours per day do you spent on Internet? 0-1h 2-3h 4-5h More than 5h What do you like to watch on TV? Tv series News Talk-shows Movies Reality-shows Televised competitions Altele: What do you like doing most online? Chat rooms Blogs News Music Internet TV Altele: What part of the day do you watch TV? Why?

What part of the day do you surf on the Internet? Why?

Which one it is your favourite Tv Channel? Why do you like it?

Appreciate the utility of TV regarding the news (1-very bad, 5-excellent) 1 2 3 4 5 But for entertaiment? 1 2 3 4 5 Appreciate the uitlity of Internet regarding the news (1-very bad 5-excellent) 1 2 3 4 5 But for entertaiment? 1 2 3 4 5 Do you use to compare the information from the two sources?( If Yes justify your answer)

If you have to choose only one, what would you choose: TV or Internet? Justify your answer.

Sex: F M Age:

Occupation:

Field of study:

Country Romania Poland

7. The population and the sampleThe sample is a segment of the population studied, chosen to represent the entire population. When we choose the sample for a research, it has to be representative in order to have a correct estimation. In everyday life, but especially in scientific research we often make statements about all the objects from a category knowing just one of it - a peasant tastes only a few grapes to see if the harvest its riped enough to make the wine. Its not necessary to taste all the harvest to decide if its time or not to start the preparation of the wine. When we choose the sample, we tried to answer to the following questions: Who is going to be researched? How many people will be part of our sample? Which are the main characteristic of our possible sample? In our case, we choose to apply the questionnaires on hundred people- fifty from Romania and fifty from Poland, from different regions. The reason why we choose to talk about the Poland and the Romania is the progress of television and internet, both after the falling of the communism. We want to see how their behaviours are different and what makes them choose one program and not an other, or one activity on internet and not another one. For our research, the samples from our targeted public will answer to a couples of questions about their behaviour regarding their favourite programs from television and their main activities on the internet. We assume that the sample we chose its representative and typical for the population. The people who are part of the sample must be television and internet consumers, young people with the age between 18-25, with superior studies. We will not include people who are studying or have studied marketing, because this might affect the results of our research. The questioned people must be compulsory TV watchers and spend much time on internet.

Bibliography

1. Rose M. Kundanis, Children, Teens, Families, and Mass Media: The Millennial Generation,, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 20032. R. D. Wilmer, & J. R. Dominick, Mass Media Research: An Introduction (CA, US; Holly J.A Publisher, 2006);

3. Daniel Sandru, Sorin Bocancea ,Mass-media i democraia n Romnia postcomunist, Ed. Societate si Cunoastere, Iasi, Romania, 2011;

4. http://www.cdc.gov/Healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief14.pdf

5. http://www.youthvillage.co.za/2013/09/advantages-disadvantages-using-internet-2/

6. Alexander, J.C. , The Mass Media in a Systemic, Historical and Comparative Perspective, 1981;