Public Affairs Index (PAI) A Closer look at Andhra Pradesh

NOTE: All the data and rankings presented in PAI represent the

united Andhra Pradesh (before the bifurcation)

Contents of the Presentation

• About us

• What is the need to measure governance?

• What is PAI?

• Results

• Where does Andhra Pradesh stand?

• Some insights

JM Keynes

• “The political problem of mankind is to combine three things: economic efficiency, social justice and individual liberty.”

• JM Keynes, Essays in Persuasion 1931

INDIA: complex governance

• Prime Minister’s call for maximising governance and minimising government

• List I, II and III of the Constitution and state’s responsibilities

• Ideological differences of political parties

• State aspirations may differ from national goals.

• The dilemma is to find a comprehensive set of matrixes for inter-state comparison.

PAI: The three tier matrix

10 Themes

25 Focus subjects

68 Indicators

10 Broad Themes

Human Development Infrastructure

Transparency and Accountability

Social Protection

Women and Children

Fiscal Management

Governance

Law and Order Economic Freedom

Environment

Delivery of Justice

25 Focus subjects

Power

Water

Roads & Communication

Housing

Education

Health

Women

Children

Violent crimes

.

Policing

Atrocities.

Pendency of cases

Vacancies in judiciary

PDS

Pensions

Minority welfare

Fiscal management

Development expenditure

.

Pollution

Environmental violations

Forest cover

Renewable energy

Transparency

Accountability

Economic freedom

Some examples of the 68 indicators Covering 10

themes And 25 focus

subjects Comprehensive list of variables

Per Capita Consumption of Power

Households electrified as a % of total

% of Households with safe water

Total Irrigated Area vs Agricultural Area

T&D losses

Water Regulatory Commission

Ground Water Regulation Act

Surface Roads as a % total Roads

Road Density per 1000 sq. KM

% of households with Cellphone

No. of Pakka Houses as a % of total

Slum as a % of total population

% of households with toilets inside premsises

Allocation and offtake of grain under food

security act

% of Pension beneficiaries of the total

above 60 population

% of Households with no land

Incidence of crime against SC/ST

No. of Minority Children given pre metric

scholarship

Unemployment Rate

% of Manual Casual Labour

Crime against Children

Percentage of Child Labour

% of Beneficiaries under ICDS

Child Sex Ratio

% of Malnoutrished children

Women Working Population ratio

Utilization of Janani Suraksha Yojna Funds

Male Female Literacy Gap

Adherance to Section 4 RTI

RTPS act legislated or not

No. of Services provided under E

Governance plan

Lok Ayukt: Constiuted/Bill Passes,

Existence of Individual Sites and

Chairperson appointed

No. of ACB cases Disposed as a % of total

Social Audit under NREGA: % of GP's

covered

Panchayat Devolution Index Score

Fiscal Surplus (% of GSDP)

Debt Burden (% of GSDP)

Per Capita Development Expenditure

States own tax revenue growth

No. of Industrial Entrepreneurs

Memorandum filed

Ease of Doing Business

Value of MSME's assets (% of GSDP)

PAI: a comprehensive matrix PAI is based on government data in public domain. Covers outcomes, institutions and processes 68 indicators covering the gamut of Government activities.

Methodology (contd)

• A three stage aggregation technique has been used in the study.

• Formula Used at indicator level = Value-Maximum/Maximum-Minimum

• This formula compresses the data of every variable into a scale of 0 to 1, where 0 indicates the worst and 1 indicates the best performer.

• Previous Use of this formula in Literature –Bibek Debroy’s Economic Freedom Index and Raghuram Rajan’s report to Finance Ministry 2013

• Before indexing/scoring each variable is standardised by either using population/GDP based on the variable.

Indicator Level: Formula based

Indexing/Scoring

Subject Level: Subjective Weighted

Aggregation

Theme Level: Equal Weightage

Average

An example: water. values of 2 indicators

Name of the State

% of Households

with access to drinking water

Index/Score - Drinking

Water

% of Net Irrigated Land to Cultivable Land

Index/Score - Irrigated Land

Overall Water Index Rank

Weightage 0.6 0.4 Minimum 69.9 5.57

Maximum 95 64.70

Arunachal Pradesh 78.6 0.347 22.44 0.285 0.322 5

Assam 69.9 0.000 5.57 0.000 0.000 6

Bihar 94 0.960 49.41 0.741 0.873 2 Chhattisga

rh 86.3 0.653 28.60 0.390 0.548 3

Delhi 95 1.000 64.71 1.000 1.000 1

Goa 85.7 0.629 28.47 0.387 0.533 4

Why is PAI different ?

• Mix of development outcomes and governance processes

• 68 comprehensive indicators covering all representative aspects of the role of government

• Measures processes; evaluates institutions

• Sentiment analysis

• New variables discovered

• Reflects current status and movement over three years

• Product release in report form and online platform.

• www.pai.pacindia.org

How does Andhra Pradesh perform in the 10 themes?

PAI Score: Andhra Pradesh

Name of the theme Index value Rank

Essential Infrastructure 0.656 4

Support to Human Development 0.549 5

Social Protection 0.389 14

Women and Children 0.589 4

Crime, Law & Order 0.603 7

Delivery of Justice 0.421 9

Transparency & Accountability 0.445 15

Environment 0.475 8

Fiscal Management 0.331 17

Economic Freedom 0.532 3

Overall PAI Score 0.499 8

Theme 1: Essential Infrastructure

Essential Infrastructure

Power Water

Roads

&

Communication

Housing

AP- Rank 7 Top States – Delhi,

Goa AP- Rank 1

AP- Rank 10 Top States –

Haryana, Punjab

AP- Rank 5 Top States –

Kerala, Punjab

Andhra Pradesh positioned at Rank 4, with Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat on the top

Theme 2: Support to Human Development

Support to Human Development

Health Education

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 7

States above AP – West Bengal and

Maharashtra

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 4

States above AP– Punjab, Haryana

Andhra Pradesh positioned at rank 5 with Karnataka and Tamil Nadu placed above

Theme 3: Social Protection

Social Protection

Public Distribution

System

Minority Welfare

Social Justice Employment

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 11

Top States – Kerala, Rajasthan

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 9

Andhra Pradesh- Ranks at the

bottom (Rank 17)

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 12

Above Odisha, West Bengal

Andhra Pradesh is ranked 14

Theme 4: Women & Children

Children & Women

Children Women

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 6

Top States – Assam, West

Bengal

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 4

Above Karnataka, Gujarat

Andhra Pradesh finishes at rank 4, with Assam and Tamil Nadu above

Theme 5: Crime, Law & Order

Crime, Law & Order

Crimes Atrocities Policing

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 8

Top States – Tamil Nadu, Kerala

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 15

Andhra Pradesh- Rank 3

Top States – Punjab,

Chattisgarh

Andhra Pradesh finishes at Rank 7

Theme 6: Delivery of Justice

Delivery of Justice

Pendency of Cases

Vacancy of Judges

AP- Rank 14 AP – Rank 5

Andhra Pradesh placed at rank 9 with Kerala and Tamil Nadu on top of the table

Theme 7: Transparency & Accountability

Transparency & Accountability

Transparency Public

Accountability

AP- Rank 12 AP- Rank 16

Andhra Pradesh stands at rank 15, with Kerala and Karnataka on top

Theme 8: Environment

Environment

Pollution & Environmental

Violation

Renewable Energy

Forest Cover

AP- Rank 4 AP- Rank 7 AP- Rank 17

Andhra Pradesh is placed at 8th position, with Tamil Nadu and Karnataka topping the list

Theme 9: Fiscal Management

Fiscal Management

FRBM Indicators Resource Generation

& Development Expenditure

AP- Rank 17

AP- Rank 16 Top States –

Chhattisgarh, Bihar

Andhra Pradesh placed at rank 17, where Uttar Pradesh and Assam top the table

Theme 10: Economic Freedom

Economic Freedom

No. of IEM filed Ease of doing

business MSME assets

AP- Rank 3

AP- Rank 2

AP- Rank 12 Top States-

Gujarat, Punjab

AP had achieved rank 3 with Gujarat and Maharashtra at 1 and 2 respectively

Sentiment Analysis

• Over the globe, sentiment analysis is picking up as an important tool for policymaking and politics. One chapter is dedicated to this in PAI.

• Over 10 Lakh Newspaper articles and 7 Lakh tweets were analysed to gauge the sentiment of the common man towards each state.

• Andhra Pradesh stood at 3rd position among large states, with Kerala topping the table

• A positive correlation between PAI and Sentiment scores

Conclusion

• Overall AP scores a rank of 8 among large states with an index of 0.4991

• Next year, we can segregate AP from Telengana

• Sub-state studies can be carried out (district level comparative studies)

THANK YOU

For more details please contact : mail@pacindia.org