ptp slides

Point-to-Point IP BackhaulMOTOwi4 Certificate Training

Course Outline

Section 1: Radio and Point to Point Basics

Section 2: Motorola Renaming

Section 3: RF Technical Challenges

Section 4: Point to Point Wireless Systems Products

Section 5: Point to Point LINK Planner Tool

Section 6: Large Antenna Alignment

Section 7: Installation and Fault Finding

Section 8: Hands On

Section 1 :

3

Radio and Motorola Point to Point Basics

4

Objectives

This module will enable you to:

• Describe line-of-sight, near-line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions

• Understand how radio system gain is derived and the effects of various types

of loss on a link

• Describe the effects that can influence link throughput and availability

• Describe the ‘dead zone’

• Understand different types of PTP products

5

Radio Basics: Making the Link Overview

Making a link from A to B: a series of gains and losses

Transmission Line (Loss)

Radio(Threshold)

Path(Loss)

Radio(Output Power)

Antenna(Gain)

Antenna(Gain)


AB

6

Radio Basics: Making the Link – Output Power

The higher the radio’s output power the better for a radio link, but this is often limited by local regulations (FCC, ETSI, etc).

The output power is usually measured in dBm or Watts.

传输功率传输功率传输功率传输功率

Radio Basics: Power Conversion Chart

dBm to Watts Conversion Chart

dBm Watts

-4 0.398mW

-3 0.50mW

-2 0.631mW

-1 0.794mW

0 1.0 mW

1 1.3 mW

2 1.6 mW

3 2.0 mW

4 2.5 mW

5 3.2 mW

6 4 mW

7 5 mW

8 6 mW

9 8 mW

10 10 mW

11 13 mW

12 16 mW

13 20 mW

dBm Watts

14 25 mW

15 32 mW

16 40 mW

17 50 mW

18 63 mW

19 79 mW

20 100 mW

21 126 mW

22 158 mW

23 200 mW

24 250 mW

25 316 mW

26 398 mW

27 500 mW

28 630 mW

29 800 mW

30 1.0 W

31 1.3 W

dBm Watts

32 1.6 W

33 2.0 W

34 2.5 W

35 3.2 W

36 4.0 W

37 5.0 W

38 6.3 W

39 8.0 W

40 10 W

41 13 W

42 16 W

43 20 W

44 25 W

45 32 W

46 40 W

47 50 W

48 64 W

50 100 W

7

8

Radio Basics: Making the Link – Transmission Loss

Loss occurs in any radio cable, but usually the higher the frequency, the higher the loss.

This RF cable should be kept as short as possible and be of a high standard.Radios’ that have integrated Antenna’s do not have this loss.

傳輸損耗傳輸損耗傳輸損耗傳輸損耗

9

Radio Basics: Making the Link – Antenna Gain

Antennas’ have gain as they focus the radio energy into a narrow beam and have large surface areas to receive more of the signal.

In most cases larger the antenna’s have higher gains and narrower beam width.

eg. 6 feet antenna has a 2 degree beam width

Larger antenna are harder to align, but due to there narrower beam width pick up

less noise/interference.

天線增益天線增益天線增益天線增益

10

Radio Basics: Making the Link – Path loss

Path loss occurs due to: distance, fading, obstacles.

The longer the link, or bigger the obstacle the higher the path loss will be and the greater will be the effect of fading.

自由空間路徑損耗自由空間路徑損耗自由空間路徑損耗自由空間路徑損耗

11

Radio Basics: Fresnel Zone

Radio waves do not travel in straight lines

• The Fresnel Zone is the additional path clearance required in order to achieve clear line of sight

• Size of Fresnel Zone is determined by operating frequency and path distance

• Obstacles in Fresnel Zone need to be taken into account

• The Motorola Backhaul LINK Planner includes this in its calculations

Fresnel Zone

Line of sight

夫瑞奈區夫瑞奈區夫瑞奈區夫瑞奈區

12

Radio Basics: Fresnel Zone Calculation

21

21227.0Radius ZoneFresnel

dd

dd

+

⋅= Meters

Where

d1 = distance from one end in meters

d2 = distance from the other end in meters

13

Radio Basics: Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)

EIRP = Transmit (Tx) power of the Radio

+ Gain of the Antenna (measured in dBi)

-Transmission loss (usually the loss of the cable)

Example EIRP Calculation

Tx Power 25dBm

Antenna Gain + 23dBi

Cable Loss - 0dB

EIRP 48dBm

全向有效輻射功率全向有效輻射功率全向有效輻射功率全向有效輻射功率

14

System Gain Definitions

System Gain is the :

Difference between the EIRP and lowest receivable signal level

Total (Link) System Gain =

Transmitter output power

- Transmission loss+ transmitter antenna gain+ receiver antenna gain- Transmission Loss

+ receiver sensitivity / threshold

Single Radio (end) System Gain =

Difference between the transmitter output power and the receiver threshold (sensitivity)


Radio(Threshold)

Radio(Output Power)

Antenna(Gain)

Antenna(Gain)


EIRP

系統增益系統增益系統增益系統增益

15

System Gain Definitions Example : PTP 500 Series Using Integrated Units, FCC Power

Radio(Output Power)


Antenna(Gain)

Radio(Threshold)

Antenna(Gain)


Tx Power 27dBm

Antenna Gain + 23dBi

Transmission Loss - 0dB

EIRP 50dBm

Antenna Gain +23dBi

Receive threshold -96dBm

Transmission Loss - 0dB

Minimum Receive

level -119dBm

EIRP 50dBm

Minimum Receive

level

-

119dBm

System Gain(Difference between

the above figures) 169dB

Note:- Integrated Units Have no Transmission Loss

16

LOS, nLOS, and NLOS Definitions

Line of Site

(LOS)

near Line of Site

(nLOS)

Non Line of Site

(NLOS)非直視性非直視性非直視性非直視性直視性直視性直視性直視性

17

Fade Margin Definitions

Difference between anticipated Receive Signal Level (RSL) and

Receiver Threshold at a given modulation mode

A design allowance that provides for sufficient system gain or sensitivity to

accommodate expected fading (to ensure the required quality of service

is maintained).

Receive Signal Level

Receiver Threshold

FadeMargin

18

Is Rain Fade an Issue?

Little / no impact at 5.8GHz

• During cloudburst conditions additional loss is only 1 dB per mile at 5.8 GHz

Where can rain impact signal?

• More relevant for frequencies above 11GHz

• Up to 8 dB per mile additional loss at 11GHz

∆∆∆∆=7dB/mile

11GHz

Cloudburst

6GHz

Cloudburst

19

Curvature of the Earth

For longer links (typically over 30Km), the curve (bulge) of the earth must be

accounted for when planning antenna heights

20

Curvature of the Earth

Earth curvature being an obstruction

Path Profile

21

The Dead Zone

Area of no coverage

• No signals will diffract or reflect to receiver

• Directly dependent on distance to obstruction

Antenna Height 30ft.

Transmitter

Building – (260w x 165h x 66d in feet)

1650’ Feet 3,300’ 5,000’0

Distance

Dead Zone

22

PTP Portfolio

PTP Product FamilyMax. Ethernet

Data RateLOS Range Bands

PTP 300 Series 25 Mbps Up to 155 mi (250 km) 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 500 Series Lite 52 Mbps Up to 155 mi (250 km) 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 500 Series Full 105 Mbps Up to 155 mi (250 km) 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 600 Series Lite 150 Mbps Up to 124 mi (200 km) 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 600 Series Full 300 Mbps Up to 124 mi (200 km) 4.5, 5.4, 5.8 GHz

PTP 600 Series

(5Mhz)

2.5 - 300 Mbps

4.8 – 150 Mbps

4.9 – 150 Mbps

5.9 – 300Mbps

Up to 124 mi (200 km)2.5, 4.8, 4.9, 5.9

GHz

23

This Module Covered…

• Los, nLoS, NLoS

• Radio basics and making the link

• System gain and fade margin

• Adaptive modulation and time spent in mode

• Excess path loss and rain fade

• Fresnel Zone, earth curvature and Dead Zone

• PTP portfolio

Section 2 :

24

Point to Point Product Renaming

25

New Name comparison

Orthogon Systems Canopy New PTP Name

OS-Gemini Lite BH30 400 Series Lite

OS-Gemini BH60 400 Series Full

OS-Spectra Lite BH150 600 Series Lite

OS-Spectra BH300 600 Series Full

Product Available Frequency

4.9GHz 5.4GHz 5.8GHz

400 Series

600 Series X

Section 3 :

26

Overcoming Technical Challenges

27

Objectives of Module


• Explain the five technical challenges involve in deploying a robust

point-to- point link.

• Explain the special features used by Motorola Point to Point 400 and 600 series links and how they assist in overcoming the technical challenges.

28

Overcoming Technical Challenges

Motorola Backhaul technology overcomes all Five major challenges:• Attenuation:-

DistanceObstructions

• Fading:-DuctingScintillationMulti-pathPolarization Shift

• Dispersion

• Interference

• Links Over Water

29

Attenuation (1st Challenge)

Path Loss – Relative to Distance

Distance

The further any radio wave travels the smaller it gets, until that radio signal becomes so small it cannot be distinguished against the ambient noise.

衰減衰減衰減衰減

30

AttenuationExcess Path Loss - Obstructions

The signal is significantly reduced by an obstructions, typically up to 1/1000th of a normal LoS signal (30dB).

20dB: 1/100th

30dB: 1/1000th

30 – 40dB: up to 1/10,000th

40dB: 1/10,000th

敏感度敏感度敏感度敏感度31

Solution for Attenuation(1st Challenge)

Overcome by maximizing system gain

– Dual high-power transmitters +25dBm 600 Series +27dBm 300/500 Series

(subject to local regulations)

– Dual ultra-sensitive receivers:-– 96dBm 300/500/600 Series

– Connectorised version of radio enables external high gain antennas

Connect to external antenna

32

Fading (2nd Challenge)

Fading refers to the distortion that a carrier-modulated

telecommunication signal experiences over certain propagation media.

It is caused by many different radio elements.

They include:-

– Ducting

– Scintillation

– Multi-path

– Polarization Shift

信號衰落信號衰落信號衰落信號衰落

33

Ducting

Ducting is a phenomenon by which a RF signal propagates along the

boundary of two dissimilar air masses.

It is overcome by spatial diversity.

Multiple antennas at one or both ends

– Optimum spacing based on LINK Planner results and available vertical real estate

Provides redundant paths which are

not affected at the same time

– Over water, long distances, very flat terrain,desert environments, or mountain top links

34

Fading – Ducting ITU-R P530-10

Ducting effects differ in every area, and information for this

is in the ITU document P530-10

This information is included in the LINK Planner

35

Fading – Ducting ITU-R P530-10 Flatness

One of the causes of ducting is flat area’s of land.

This information is included in the LINK Planner

36

Fading – Ducting - Other Factors

Height difference decreases the probability of ducting

Longer range increases probability of ducting

37

Scintillation

Scintillation is an effect caused by hot area’s of air over a long links

(over 35Km).

These hot areas of air cause the radio wave’s to converge or disperse.

This effect is only countered by increasing the fade margin.

The effect of Scintillation is included in the LINK Planner calculation

38

Multipath Fading

Caused by radio signals arriving multiple times out of phase:

Best case:

paths different by even number of half wavelengths

Worst case:

paths different by odd number of half wavelengths

Typical case:

paths different by something in between two extremes

Best case

scenario

Worst case

scenario

• Caused when a signal bounces off objects or obstructions in the path

• Signals that are transmitted on the vertical polarity may end up somewhere between vertical and horizontal at the receive antenna

• This causes problems for conventional single carrier radio systems

39

Polarization Shift

Vertical

Horizontal

Vertical

Horizontal

40

Solution for Fading(2nd Challenge)

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO)

– Innovative way of sending signals multiple times and recombining them, to negate effect of out-of- phase radio waves counteracting each other

– Motorola Point to Point radios can realize up to 3 dB additional system gain in high multipath environments due to MIMO

– Receivers on both vertical and horizontal polarity are active at the same time to overcome the effects of polarization shift

41

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO)(single payload)

MOTOROLA

M ¦ O ¦ T ¦ O ¦ R ¦ O ¦ L ¦ A ¦

MOTOROLA

M ¦ O ¦ T ¦ O ¦ R ¦ O ¦ L ¦ A ¦

V V

H H

Data is sent with two polarizations giving radio signal redundancy

With LOS the signal maintains its polarization

LOS

LOS

42

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO)

Motorola Point to Point radios need smaller fade margin for same

availability as other products

• Single-carrier radio:

Other radios need 40dB fade margin

to cope with fading

• MIMO signal:

Motorola Point to Point radio only needs 15dB

margin for same signal availability

25dB Improvement

Space Time Coded RadioConventional Radio

-40dB

-15dB

0dB

Single carrier

radio

Combined received

signal

Individual S-

T-C signal

Adaptive ModulationPTP 58600

Modulation ModeRX

Threshold

dBm

TX Power

dBm

Aggregate Throughput

Mbps

256 QAM .81 Dual -59.1 +18 300.2

256 QAM .81 Single -64.0 +18 150.1

64 QAM .92 Dual -62.0 +18 252.9

64 QAM .75 Dual -68.1 +18 206.7

64 QAM .92 Single -65.9 +18 126.4

64 QAM .75 Single -71.7 +18 103.3

16 QAM .87 Dual -71.0 +20 160.8

16 QAM .63 Dual -75.2 +22 115.6

16 QAM .87 Single -74.8 +20 80.4

16 QAM .63 Single -79.3 +22 57.8

QPSK .87 Single -81.6 +23 40.2

QPSK .63 Single -84.6 +24 28.9

BPSK .63 Single -88.1 +25 14.4

Combats fading due to obstruction movement or temporary signal fade

Allows for higher availability with lower fade margins compared to conventional radios

Radios automatically up and down shift modulation modes when needed without dropping packets

自适应调制自适应调制自适应调制自适应调制43

- Signals arrive via different (dispersed) paths and hence at different times (multi-path), causing previously transmitted data bits to interfere with current data bits

- Therefore paths have different delays and this is known as “dispersion”

- Previously transmitted bits can arrive late and interfere with current bit;

known as “Multipath Inter-Symbol-Interference” (ISI)

- Conventional radios handle ISI using equalizers

44

Dispersion (3rd Challenge) 散布散布散布散布

45

Solution for Dispersion(3rd Challenge)

A B C D E

Essence of OFDM

• Breaks up the transmitted signal into many smaller signals – sub carriers

• Individual carriers overlap significantly to preserve overall bandwidth. Sub-carriers are orthogonal to each other and will not interfere with each other

Orthogonal Frequency Demodulation Multiplexing

46

Comparison of OFDM and I-OFDM

More Tones to equalize signal (1024 sub carriers vs 256 sub carriers)

– Motorola Point to Point radio takes 30 out of each 1024

– Compared to 30 out of each 256 in others

– 4 times less loss

47

Interference (4th Challenge)

- Radio Signals are Subject to Interference

- Interference can heavily affect the quality or status on the signal

- Interference is a bigger problem in Unlicensed Bands

Sources of Interference:

• Intentionally - On the frequency being used

- From other users who are licensed to use the frequency that you are using

• Unintentionally - On the frequency being used

- From other users equipment 'defects' which may or may not be within the regulations

48

Intelligent-Dynamic Frequency

Selection overcomes interference

– In-service Spectrum Analyzer built into every radio

– Automatically moves to the cleanest channel

– Proactive channel adjustment

– Continuously monitors all channels

– TDD or FDD allowed with asymmetric DFS enabled

– Allows for co-existence at hub sites or with other products

Solution for Interference(4th Challenge)

49

Links over water(5th Challenge)

Wireless Signals across water or hard surfaces (desert) pose challenges for performance and reliability owing to:

Reflection (Multi-Path) - Water or hard desert surfaces are highly reflective.

Also, links over the sea are subject to varying water heights due to tidal changes,

creating further challenges.

50

Spatial Diversity

V Pol

H Pol

Dual Pol V/H

Solution for links over water(5th Challenge) 双极化双极化双极化双极化单极化单极化单极化单极化

Spatial Diversity: Configuration Option 1

54


Five key problems and how they are overcome

– Superior system gain to overcome attenuation

– Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Adaptive Modulation to overcome fading

– User of vertical and horizontal polarization antennas to overcome polarisation shift

– Intelligent-OFDM and powerful equalizers to overcome dispersion

– Spatial diversity options to overcome ducting

– Intelligent-Dynamic Frequency Selection, ARQ and Ethernet compression to overcome interference

– Links over Water

Section 4 :

Point to Point Products in More Detail

55

This module will enable you to:• Understand the technical specifications on PTP 600

• Understand the advance features on PTP 600

• Understand the air security available on PTP 600

• Understand the basic principals of TDD synchronisation

• Understand how TDD Sync solution can be implemented on PTP

56

Objectives

57

Quick Point to Point Products Comparison

Model PTP300/ PTP500 PTP600

Supported Band (GHz) 5.4GHz, 5.8GHz2.5GHz,4.5GHz, 5.4GHz,

5.8GHz

Ethernet Throughput (Lite/Full)

In Mbps

105/ 50(PTP500),

25 (PTP300)150 /300

Range upto 250km upto 200km

Channel Width (MHz) 5 */10*/15 5 / 10/ 15 /30

Spectral Efficiency (bps /Hz) Upto 7 Upto 10

Latency (ms) <2 1 to 3

Asymmetric DataAdaptive or

3:1 or 1:1 or 1:3 Adaptive (up to 80%) or

2:1 or 1:1 or 1:2

AES (optional) 128 or 256 Bit 128 or 256 Bit

TX Power (dBm) 27 25

Rx Sensitivity -96 -96

System Gain 169 169

Modulation 64 QAM- BPSK 256 QAM – BPSK

Wayside E1/T1 (Lite/Full) Yes* (PTP500 Only) 1x E1T1/ 2x E1/T1

Optical Connection (extra) No Yes – 1000SX

*Available through Software upgrade

Channel Bandwidth and Link Symmetry ControlChannel Bandwidth and Link Symmetry Control

PTP 600 SeriesConfigurable channel bandwidth in the radio link :5 MHz, 10MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz and 30 and configurable fixed and adaptive link symmetry. Fixed link symmetry supports:

2 to 11 to 1

1 to 2Channel bandwidth 5 MHz supports link symmetry 1:1 only. Adaptive link symmetry is not available in radar regions.

PTP 500 Series

Configurable channel bandwidth in the radio link : 5MHz, 10 MHz or 15 MHz and

configurable fixed and adaptive link symmetry. Fixed link symmetry supports:3 to 1

1 to 11 to 3

PTP 300 SeriesConfigurable channel bandwidth in the radio link :5 MHz, 10 MHz and 15 MHz and

configurable fixed and adaptive link symmetry. Fixed link symmetry supports:3 to 1

1 to 1

1 to 3Channel bandwidth 5 MHz supports link symmetry 1:1 only.

58

59

Introducing PTP 600 Series

60

Introducing PTP 600 Series

4th Generation, Software Defined, Multi-Channel, Point to Point wireless bridge,

interfacing at layer 2, supporting IP and operating in the 5.4GHz & 5.8GHz whilst

providing TRUE NLoS & LoS performance

… plus …

Versatility : Solves NLoS and LoS challenges with integrated and cnectorised versions

Capacity : Up to 300 Mbps / 150Mbps Lite (aggregate) useable at Ethernet rate

Range (Max) : Up to 200km Line of Sight

Availability : Carrier Grade. Up to 99.999%. Delivered by use of:

best in class radio, MIMO and iOFDM

Security : Complex proprietary air interface, optional AES 256 bit encryption, transparent to VLAN and VPN

Interference : Sophisticated Spectrum Management: i-DFS

Easy Set Up : Simple to install, commission and manage via SNMP or embedded Web server

Ruggedised : Environment proof Outdoor Unit, built-to-last. Life-span up to 25 years

61

PTP 600 Main Components (Integrated)

DC Supply

AC Supply

PIDU Plus

To Network

Equipment

To ODU

Fibre Port

E1/T1 Port

ODU (Integrated)

To PIDU Plus

Sync Port

內裝天線內裝天線內裝天線內裝天線

62

PTP 600 Main Components (Connectorized)

DC Supply

AC Supply

PIDU Plus

To Network

Equipment

To ODU

Fiber Port

ODU (Connectorized)

To PIDU Plus

To Single/Dual Polarization Antenna

E1/T1 PortSync Port

外接天線外接天線外接天線外接天線

63

PTP 600 Series Copper System Configuration

Network

Equipment

HQ

LANRemote

Site Data

PIDU

ODU ODU

SNMP or Web based

Management

PIDU

Up to 100m of Cat5e

cable carries DC

Power & Data

(1000BaseT)

Network

Equipment

64

PTP 600 Series Fiber System Configuration

HQ

LANRemote

Site Data

PIDU

ODU ODU

SNMP or Web based

Management

PIDU

Up to 300m of Cat5e

cable carries DC

Power

Network

EquipmentNetwork

Equipment1000BaseSX Fibre up to

500m with 50µµµµm MMF

光纤光纤光纤光纤

Fiber Kit – Optional (PTP600 Only)

• Direct connection of fiber optic cable to radio– LC connectors

– Outdoor, UV Stable, 2 or 4 core 50/125 or 62.5/125

– Multi-Mode fiber*

– Automatically switch to the copper interface if the fiber is cut

– Extends distance between ODU and PIDU to 300

– meters

– Lightning isolation

– Protection from interference on CAT5 from lower

– frequency radios like FM radio stations

• Kit includes– New license key,

– Fiber module, extension tube, and

– weatherproof compression fitting

Fiber module

Extension tube

Weatherproof

compression fitting*New Single-Mode fiber kits now available.

65

66

PTP 600 Series T1/E1 System Configuration

Network

Equipment

HQ

LANRemote

Site Data

PIDU

ODU ODU

SNMP or Web based

Management

PIDU

Network

Equipment

PDH

Network

PDH

Network

Way-Side T1/E1 Ports

67

Other Advanced Features

68

PTP 600 series uses MIMO ( Single Payload )

Data is sent with two polarizations giving radio signal redundancy

With LOS the signal maintains its polarization

MOTOROLA

M ¦ O ¦ T ¦ O ¦ R ¦ O ¦ L ¦ A ¦

MOTOROLA

M ¦ O ¦ T ¦ O ¦ R ¦ O ¦ L ¦ A ¦

V V

H H

LOS

LOS

69

PTP 600 Series also uses DUAL PAYLOAD

M ¦ T ¦ R ¦ L ¦ B ¦ C ¦ H ¦ U ¦

MOTOROLABACKHAUL

O ¦ O ¦ O ¦ A ¦ A ¦ K ¦ A ¦ L ¦

V V

H H

MOTOROLABACKHAUL

- Different data is sent separately over the two polarizationsgiving radio ultra high efficiency

- Automatically selection on dual or single payload

70

Spectrum Management with Intelligent-Dynamic Frequency Selection (I-DFS)

Robust when Interference is present:

– Continuously monitors all channels

– Automatically moves to the cleanest channel

– Avoids Interference

– Allows for Co-Existence with other products

– 30 MHz channel

– 5.8GHz Band for 10 Channels (4 adjacent)

– 5.4GHz Band for 23 Channels (8 adjacent)

Noisy Channels Available Channels Active Channel

动态频率选择动态频率选择动态频率选择动态频率选择

• 5/10/15/30 MHz channel bandwidth options

• 5 MHz Channel not supported in Lite variant

• 256QAM Not supported in 5/10/15MHz Channels

• PTP 600 Series bridges do not support operation with 5, 10 or 15 MHz channel bandwidth in regions where radar avoidance is enabled.

Example ,PTP 600 configured with Region Code 12(USA),13(Australia, Canada) has radar

avoidance enabled.

71

Narrow band operations available

72

Maximum Throughput (Full License Key) and Mean Latency for narrow channel

73

PTP 600 Series Maximum Range is Limited Due to Local Regulation

Power Limit

Maximum Range

Non Line of Sight

(Km)

Maximum Range

Near Line of Sight

(Km)

Maximum Range

Line of Sight (Km)

FCC (1 Watt Peak

Transmit Power to

the Antenna) 5 20 200

2 Watts EIRP 2 6 25

1 Watt EIRP 1.5 4 20

0.5 Watt EIRP 1 3 15

74

Modulation Modes

Modulation Mbps

BPSK 0.63 single 14.4

QPSK 0.63 single 28.9

QPSK 0.87 single 40.2

16QAM 0.63 single 57.8

16QAM 0.63 dual 115.6

16QAM 0.87 single 80.4

16QAM 0.87 dual 160.7

64QAM 0.75 single 103.3

64QAM 0.75 dual 206.7

64QAM 0.92 single 126.4

64QAM 0.92 dual 252.9

256QAM 0.81 single 150.1

256QAM 0.81 dual 300.2

75

System Gain PTP 600 Series 5.8GHz Integrated FCC Powers

Mode

Demodulated

RX Sensitivity

TX Power

(dBm)

System Gain

(dB)

BPSK 0.63 single -88.1 +25 159.1

QPSK 0.63 single -84.6 +24 154.6

QPSK 0.87 single -81.6 +23 150.6

16QAM 0.63 single -79.3 +22 150.6

16QAM 0.63 dual -75.2 +22 147.3

16QAM 0.87 single -74.8 +20 143.2

16QAM 0.87 dual -71.0 +18 140.8

64QAM 0.75 single -71.7 +18 137.0

64QAM 0.75 dual -68.1 +18 135.7

64QAM 0.92 single -65.9 +18 132.1

256QAM 0.81 single -64.0 +18 129.9

64QAM 0.92 dual -62.0 +18 128.9

256QAM 0.81 dual -59.1 +18 123.1

76

Distance vs Max Data Rate

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Distance (Km)

Da

ta R

ate

(M

bps

)

58200

77

PTP 600 Series - Dynamic TDD

Under normal conditions link operates symmetrically, optimised for lowest latency

Under heavy traffic conditions the TDD cycle is ‘stretched’ to maximise data

Throughput

‘Stretching’ is dynamic, and is applied on Tx or Rx path independently based on

where traffic load exists.

Once traffic load reduces the link returns to normal Operation

Benefits

– Provides highest data rate to user, especially over long link lengths

– Dynamically allocates capacity on send route and return route according to demand

Tx OHD Rx TDD Cycle

78

Air Interface Security

79

Security (1)

Complex, proprietary Air Interface protocol

The wireless signal is a complex proprietary signal with scrambling

applied. On transmission the signal passes through the following processes;

– Reed-Solomon forward error correction when added bits are applied.

– The signal is scrambled with a code that repeats every eight Reed-

Solomon code words (about 1 ms).

– The signal is then interleaved (which means that the order is changed)

– The signal is then encoded

– Then the signal is coded onto one of the BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM or 256QAM waveforms

– Then the signal is interleaved across a 1024 carrier OFDM waveform

The specifics of these processes are proprietary but each, individually, are

built upon generally available and published techniques

专有专有专有专有

Best in class Encryption Key

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a computer security standard introduced in 2002, by the US based National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to replace the earlier Data Encryption Standards (DES and triple DES).

AES Encryption in PTP300/500/600(optional) – 128 or 256 Bit (500,600)– 1.25 % overhead– All are FIPS 197 certified

VLAN Support

VLAN tagged Ethernet packets are passed transparently through the

system. VLAN tagged packets with a non-zero priority will be transmitted via

a priority queue, giving a method of managing QoS for VoIP and TDM traffic.

80

Security (2)

81

PTP xx600 TDD Synchronisation

Sychronisation

82

Unsynchronized TDD（（（（分時多工分時多工分時多工分時多工）））） network:

Link 1

Link 2Link 3

Interference

Link 1 <-> 2

Interference

Link 2 <-> 3

Interference

Link 3 <-> 1

Three links of three different link

lengths mounted on a mast operating on the same or adjacent

channels

In an unsynchronized TDD network:– Each unit has the potential to interfere with every other unit– As far as RF interference is concerned, there is no distinction

between masters and slaves

（（（（非同步非同步非同步非同步））））

83

Simple Example

Transmit Receive

Interference Link 2 to Link 1






Link 1

Link 2

Link 3

Time

Interference at the Local End

The TDD cycles from multiple links have different durations due to different link lengths.

This implies that one or both ends of multiple links interfere with each other when

operating on the same or adjacent channels.

84

Synchronized network

Transmit Receive

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3

Time

Synchronise the TDD Cycles of Interfering Links

Simple Example

The TDD synchronization feature introduces a fixed TDD framing mode, and allows frame timing in a PTP link to be synchronized with an external reference. This means that all links in a network may be made to transmit and

receive in synchronism, implying reduced RF interference between links.

• Synchronize multiple links using a GPS reference

- Allows the synchronization of remotely located links

• Implement a GPS Synchronization unit that fits between the lightning protection unit and the ODU

- PTP600 GPS Pulse sent through SYNC port

• One GPS Sync Unit is required for each link to be synchronized

• GPS Sync Unit are made and supplied by MemoryLink. (P/N:WB3001)

• Units are supplied pre-wired and can be retrofitted to existing links

85

The PTP Approach

86

GPS Sync Unit (Can only be installed on PTP600 model)

Weather Proof GPS antenna

87

TDD Synchronisation - GPS Deployment

Mounting

PoE Sync

PoE

TDD Synchronisation enabled and

configured via install wizard at link installation

88

PTP600 Deployment

• GPS Unit connects between LPU( Lightening protection unit) and ODU

• Synchronisation signal fed to ODU via unused SYNC port

Lighting Arrestor

89

PTP600 Deployment -Example

LPU

GPS Sync unit

90

TDD Sync – Installation Notes

• GPS Module Location– Antenna internal to GPS Module– Must have clear view of the sky

– can take up to two minutes to provide a 1 Hz reference on initialdeployment. This period is reduced on subsequent power cyclebecause the location is known and saved with the module

• GPS Module Wiring

– Delivered pre-wired with RJ45’s and Glands– Connection to Sync Port on ODU (PTP600 only)– Connection to Ethernet Port on ODU– Connection to LPU

• Activation through Install Wizard

91

TDD Sync- Configuration

92


93


• TDD Synchronization is enabled via the Install Wizard

• When selected, an additional step is added to the Install Wizard for

the entry of the TDD Synchronization settings

– Longest Link in Network

– Bandwidths in Network

– Master to Master range (Required when masters interfere with each other)

– Slave to Slave range (Required when Slaves interfere with each other)

– Holdover Mode (Strict/Best effort)

• The time settings above are crucial to link optimization

– Non-optimal default value are automatically provided

– Accurate values are required from Radio Planning activity

• Holdover Mode controls operation when the GPS Sync signal is lost

or not present

– Strict – GPS Sync Signal must be present for the link to operate

– Best Effort – Link will free run

94

TDD Sync- New status page

• The following are deployment considerations:

- Fixed frequency operation ONLY

- Fixed TDD operation only, i.e. all synchronized links have same ratio

master to slave.

- Not presently available when radar avoidance is enabled.

- Throughput limited to that of longest synchronized link

- 10-15% Data throughput overhead

95

TDD Deployment Consideration

96

Introducing PTP 300/500 Series

PTP 300/500 Series Overview

PTP 300/500

Integrated with dual built-in

antennas

PTP 300/500

Connectorized – high-gain advantage of external

antennas

Power Indoor Unit (PIDU Plus) –

Power-over-Ethernet to outdoor units

• 5.4 and 5.8 GHz unlicensed bands

• Up to 25Mbps Ethernet data- PTP300

• Up to 50Mbps Ethernet data rate -PTP500 Lite

• Up to 105Mbps Ethernet data rate -PTP500 Full

• Up to 155 miles (250 km) range

• Built-in lightning protection

• Robust security – unique scramblingplus optional 128/256-bit AES Encryption

• 10 / 100 Base T (RJ-45)

• Small footprint

• Easy to deploy and use

97

Same Award-Winning Technology

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) – increased tolerance to signal fading

Intelligent Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing – greater resistance to multi-path interference and selective signal fading, plus higher spectral efficiency

Adaptive Modulation – sustains the maximum throughput while maintaining highest link quality

Best-in-Class Radios – highest system gain in the industry

Advanced Spectrum Management with i-DFS – samples the band up to 400 times a second and automatically switches to the clearest channel

PTP 300/500 Series

98

Line-of-Sight (LOS)

Up to 155 miles

near-Line-of-Sight (nLOS)

Up to 25 miles

Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS)

Up to 6 miles

PTP 300/500 Series NLOS and LOS Performance

99

PTP 300/500 Series E1/T1 Connectivity

• 03-02 Release

• Provides Single E1/T1 Capability

• Standard Feature – No licence key

• All signalling along single existing Ethernet port

• Uses “Splitter” installed next to the PIDU

E1/T1

E1/T1Splitter

IP Data

100

PTP 300 – Line of Sight Mode

• To permit higher data throughput rates over links of range

10 km (6.2 miles) or less and the path is completely unobstructed

• The LOS mode must be activated by purchase of access keys for

each end of the link

101

Section 5 :

102

PTP LINK Planner

What we will cover in this module:

• Explain what is Motorola PTP Link Planner

• How to create PROJECT, SITES and LINKS

• Updating Profiles ,Obstructions, adjusting Configurations and Requirements

• Evaluating the Link Performance

• Export data and create report

103

Objectives

The PTP LINKPlanner is an application that runs on Windows or Macintosh.(Download and run LinkPlannerSetup.999.exe (where 999 is version identity)

Use PTP LINKPlanner to help predict where and how equipment will work.

It performs the calculations from the ITU recommendations ITU-R P.526-9 and

ITU-R P.530-10 to predict NLoS and LoS paths for anywhere in the world.

Path profile data can be obtained in a number of different ways depending

upon global location.

104

PTP LINK Planner, What is it?

105

Choosing the Best Solution

• PTP LINKPlanner helps you make the right

Choices (PTP300,500,600):

� Is a smaller antenna preferable ?

� Is a larger antenna possible ?

� How much spectrum or frequency

can be

used ?

� What is the link distance ?

� What are the obstacles in the way ?

� Does the path cross significant

amounts

of water or very flat ground ?

� What is the required throughput ?

� What is the required availability ?

� What is the financial budget ?

Software tool used prior to link installation

Includes technical product details and ITU

Radio Propagation Recommendations

User inputs link distance, obstacles, antenna

heights etc.

Can be used to select most appropriate

Motorola product

Data can be calculated for each product

Output confirms whether link can be made and

provides details of link availability and data rate

First Step : Create Project, Site and Links

Second Step : Obtain Link Profiles

Third Step : Import Link Profiles into the created Project

106

PTP Link Planning – It’s a Three Step Process

A project is a set of data about an individual wireless link or a wireless network.

A project can contain two or more sites and links between those sites. Projects are saved as .ptpprj files.

Building a Project

To build a project to model a network, follow this process:

1. To create a new Project, either select File, New Project (Ctrl+N), or

select New Project

2. Enter project defaults.

107

Create Projects

New Sites

• Import sites from external files or create them in PTP LINKPlanner .Creating Sites

create them using the New Site page.

• Locate the sites using Google Earth™ or Multimap. Copy the latitude and longitude of each site.

• To insert the site in PTP LINKPlanner, either select Project, New Site, or select New Site . The New Site page is displayed.

Copying or Importing Sites from Google Earth™ (.KML)

Site details can be copied or imported from Google Earth™. Locate the sites in Google Earth™

using address or zip code, then insert placemarks

108

Create Sites

109

Create Links

To create a new Link, either select Project, New Link, or select New Link .

110

Requesting Path Profiles

To obtain profiles of the terrain between the two end points of each link, select Project, Get Profiles.

Before using PTP LINKPlanner, use the Options page (Preferences in Mac) to enter personal

information, select units and choose network settings.

Path Profile will be send to

this email address

111

Using Google Earth

To view a link: select the link in the PTP LINKPlanner navigation tree, then select GoogleEarth .

Google Earth™ Aerial Photograph with Distances Shown

112

Updating Link Profiles

Obstructions

Double-click on the Profile visualization chart. The Profile Editor page is displayed. Enter or update the Range or Obstruction height as required.

For example,Enter a 4 meter high Obstruction at Range 0.501 km and

a 3.5 meter high Obstruction at Range 0.678 km.

113

Link Visualization

Colour code used in the profile:

• Brown: terrain.• Green: obstructions (such as trees or buildings). Obstructions can be updated

as described in "Updating Link Profiles".

• Red: line of site from the antennas to the largest obstruction (called “slope”).• Blue: the Fresnel zone.

• Grey: the profile worst case which occurs up to 0.01% of the time. Sometimes known as Worst Earth curvature (Ke).

114

Updating Link Profiles

Reflections

If the path is over water, it is necessary to calculate the effect of reflection on the link.

To do this, open the link and select Link, Edit Reflection Parameters

115

Exporting and Reporting

Exporting DataData can be exported in CSV or KML format for the currently open and selected project.

Creating ReportsReports can be created in HTML format for the currently open and selected project.

To preview reports, select Preview Report .

Link Planner Report Examples

Proposal Report Installation Report

116

117

Manual Profile Request

http://motorola2.motowi4solutions.com/support/ptp/pathprofile.php

On-line PTP Path Profiler Site

The Motorola PTP website contains a tool able to generate a data file

that can be imported into the LINK Planner.

Motorola PTP Link Estimator Tool

Simply go to either:-

http://download.motorolaptp.com/PTP_Link_Estimator.zip

Motorola PTP Link Estimator Online Profile Tool:-

http://www.motorolaptp.com/support/endusertools/pathprofile.php

Link Estimator Video Demonstration:-

http://download.motorolaptp.com/MOT-LinkEstimator.wmv

118

Resources for Link Estimation Tools

119

Practical Demonstration of the tool

Section 6 :

120

Advanced High Performance Antenna Alignment

121

Antenna Alignment – based on calculation 瞄準瞄準瞄準瞄準• Calculate total “Link Loss” using LINK Planner

• Subtract all gains and losses from Transmitter, Antennas, and cable loss at both ends

• Resultant equals estimated Receiver Power

139.0

122

Example of Calculated Receive Power (Rx)

122

(values taken from LINK Planner)

Link Loss = 139 dBm ( Free Space + Excess Path Loss )

Tx = 25 dBm ( Max transmit power in Armed State)

Tg = 33.4 dBi ( Andrew 3’ dish )

Rg = 33.4 dBi ( Andrew 3’ dish )

Cable Loss = 2 dBm ( 1 dBm from 10+ feet of LMR-600 each end)---- 139.0 139.0 139.0 139.0 dBm dBm dBm dBm + 25.0 + 25.0 + 25.0 + 25.0 dBmdBmdBmdBm+ 33.4 + 33.4 + 33.4 + 33.4 dBi dBi dBi dBi + 33.4 + 33.4 + 33.4 + 33.4 dBidBidBidBi---- 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 dBmdBmdBmdBm----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------RRRRx = (x = (x = (x = (---- 49.2) 49.2) 49.2) 49.2) dBmdBmdBmdBm

123

Antenna AlignmentXXXX• Monitor the receive power in the status page

124

The Bulls Eye

• X represents basic alignment with “Alignment Tone”

• Monitor the values shown in the system status pageX+3 best = -96dBmX+2 best = -78dBmX+1 best = -67dBmX mark = -63dBmX- 1 best = -58dBmXXXX---- 2 best =2 best =2 best =2 best =----49dBm49dBm49dBm49dBmX- 3 best = -57dBmXXXX

Antenna Radiation Patterns

125

Section 7 :

126

Installation and Fault-Finding


– Describe how to prepare a link and installation site for a first deployment

– Understand how to recover link configuration if lost due to error or technical issues

– Describe the methods of mounting an ODU, locating an indoor unit and preparing and running a drop cable including EMD protection

– Discuss and demonstrate how a link is powered up and aligned

– Discuss potential failures and possible rectification action for hardware

127

Objectives of Module

128

XXXXPreparation for Installation 安裝安裝安裝安裝The following specific tools are required to install the PTP 600 Series Bridgein addition to general tools:

- 13mm Spanner / Wrenches

- RJ45 Crimp Tool

- IBM Compatible Personal Computer (PC) running Windows 98 or later with 10 or 100baseT Ethernet (Ability to change IP settings easily is recommended)

- Either Internet Explorer version 6 or higher, or Mozilla Firefox v1.5 or higher are recommended.

- Ethernet patch cable

- 6mm general purpose crimp tool for the grounding lug (optional for lightening Protection)

Step 1: Assemble gland on cable

Step 2: Strip outer insulation

Step 3: Arrange conductors

Step 4: Insert conductors and crimp

Pin 1: White /

orangePin 2: Orange

Pin 3: White /

greenPin 4: Blue

Pin 5: White / blue

Pin 6: Green

Pin 7: White / brown

Pin 8: Brown

129

Cable Preparation

Insert RJ 45 connector,

snapping locking tab home

Screw in body of weather

proofing gland and tighten

Screw on clamping nut

and tighten

130

Connecting Cable at ODU

Ensure no power is connected

Three connections:

– Standard power cable to power socket

– Configuration laptop to LAN socket

– ODU cable via concealed RJ45 connector

Remove cover by squeezing sides

and rotating away from PIDU

Plug in cable ensuring it

snaps home

Replace cover, ensuring

it is fully latched

131

Connecting Cables to PIDU

• Pre-configured detail for pair of units

– Serial numbers

– Target MAC address

– Designation as master or slave

– License keys

– IP addresses (Master:169.254.1.2, Slave:169.254.1.1)

Older Unit default IP addresses (Master:10.10.10.11, Slave:10.10.10.10)

132

Pre-Configured Detail

UNIT 1 UNIT 2

ODU SERIAL NO. 0167800002BE ODU SERIAL NO. 0167800002BF

ETHERNET MAC ADDRESS 00:04:56:00:02:BE ETHERNET MAC ADDRESS 00:04:56:00:02:BF

CONFIGURED AS Master CONFIGURED AS Slave

TARGET MAC ADDRESS 00:04:56:00:02:BF TARGET MAC ADDRESS 00:04:56:00:02:BE

LICENSE KEY A471-FE88-428D-E1F3 LICENSE KEY 534F-4F54-D1B0-E2DA

IP ADDRESS 10.10.10.11 IP ADDRESS 10.10.10.10

Configuration - Installation Wizard

• For bench test, access the Installation Wizard via laptop connected to

master ODU:

• Simply type in default IP address of the ODU as URL using the browser.

• The slave ODU can be configured over wireless link if units powered up, or

connect laptop directly to slave PIDU LAN connection.

• Four Steps:

1. Interface (IP) configuration.

2. Wireless configuration.

3. Confirmation of configuration.

4. Disarm Phase

Install Wizard Step 1: Interface (IP) Configuration

Enter relevant IP information:IP address : unique unit identifier

Subnet mask : allowing traffic flow to be segregated into groupsGateway IP address : entrance / exit to other networks

Whether management interfaces (WWW/SNMP/SMTP/SNTP) use a VLAN

Telecoms Interface allows the activation of the 600 Series bridge telecoms interface.

Install Wizard Step 2: Wireless Configuration

Enter relevant wireless

information:� Target MAC Address� Master Slave Mode

� Link Mode Optimization� TDD Synchronization Mode

� Tx Max Power� Ranging Mode� Target Range

� Platform Variant� Channel Bandwidth

� Spectrum Management Control

� Lower Center Frequency

� Tx Color Code, Rx Color Code

136

Link Mode Optimization allows the PTP link to be optimized according to the type of

traffic that will be bridged. The link supports two modes:

IP Mode

•IP mode is optimized to provide the maximum possible link capacity. IP mode is an appropriate choice where applications in the bridged networks provide some measure of reliable transmission, and where very low latency is not critical. IP mode supports both fixed and adaptive link symmetry

TDM Mode

•TDM mode is optimized to provide the lowest possible latency. TDM mode additionally implements a more conservative approach to adaptive modulation, leading to lower error rates in fading channels at the expense of slightly lower link capacity. TDM mode is an appropriate choice for delay intolerant data without reliable transmission (for example voice over IP data).

•TDM mode supports fixed link symmetry only. TDM mode is selected automatically when Telecom interfaces are enabled.

Link Mode Optimization

Install Wizard Step 3: Confirm Configuration

• Review and confirm all Installation information.

• Information committed to non volatile memory.

•Turn off units, then reboot in ‘armed’status once installed in position

Install Wizard Step 4: Disarm Phase

•Turn off the audible alignment aid

• Enable Adaptive Modulation

• Fully enable Advanced Spectrum Management with i-DFS

• Clear unwanted installation information from the various

systems statistics

• Store the link range for fast link acquisition on link drop

• Enable higher data rates

Disarm units to enable full

feature set

– Upgrade software image– Upgrade software image

– Reset IP and Ethernet configuration

– Erase configuration

– Reboot

Units have a recovery mode in case of configuration errors or software corruption

Press recovery switch while applying power, continue to hold for 10-20 seconds to activate recovery mode

Multiple options when in recovery mode:

139

Recovery Mode(PTP 600 series)

PTP 600 Series

140

Recovery Mode

• Upgrade Software Image:

- Reload a original software image if software corruption is suspected or

- Reload an old image if an incorrect image has just been loaded.

• Reset IP & Ethernet Configuration back to factory defaults:

This allows the user to reset the unit back to the factory defaults:– IP Address 169.254.1.1 , Net mask 255.255.0.0 , Gateway 169.254.0.0

– Ethernet Interface Auto-negotiate, Auto-MDI/MDIX

• Erase Configuration:

This allows the user to erase the unit’s entire configuration including factory settingssuch as target MAC address, range setting, license key, password etc.

• Reboot:

This allows the user to reboot the unit. This option must be executed after

resetting the IP & Ethernet configuration or erasing the configuration.

– Upgrade software image

– Reset IP and Ethernet configuration

– Erase configuration

– Zeroise Critical Security Parameters(This allows the user to erase the security parameters such as AES parameters. This is to

comply with FIPS requirements.

– Reboot

Press recovery switch while applying power, continue to hold for 10 to 20 secondsto activate recovery mode

Multiple options when in recovery mode:

141

Recovery Mode(PTP 300/500 series)

• Mount ODU• Connect cables

• Route and ground ODU• Mount PIDU and connect cables

142

Mounting and Connection Process

143

Mounting Out Door Unit

Step 1: Mount bracket to pole Step 2: Mate unit to bracket andtighten nut and bolt

The ODU mounting bracket is designed to work with poles with diameters in the range 50mm (2”) to 75mm (3”).

144

Mounting ODU

Invert the mounting bracket only when mounting to pole diameters 25mm (1”) to 50mm (2”)

CAUTION: Do not over tighten the bolts as bracket failure may occur.

Align antennas approximately

– By eye if line-of-sight link

– Using compass if non-line-of-sight link

Link Estimation Installation notes:

Exact alignment undertaken after powering up unit

145

Mounting ODU

Connect cable at ODU

– As when bench testing system

Routing cable

– Route and secure using standard techniques

– Cut to required length at PIDU

Grounding installation

– ODU must be grounded to protect against power surges

– Refer to national codes for installation procedures

146

Connecting, Routing, Grounding

Fix PIDU to wall

–Prevention from damage

–Ensure recovery switch is accessible

Make connections

–ODU cable

–LAN cable

–Power cable

Maximum length from ODU to PIDU is 100m

147

Mounting PIDU and Connecting Cables

As when bench-testing:

– Standard power cable to power socket

– Network equipment to LAN socket

– ODU cable via concealed RJ45 connector

Remove cover by squeezing

sidesand rotating away from PIDU

Plug in cable ensuring it

snaps home

Replace cover, ensuring

it is fully latched

148

Connecting Cables to PIDU

Turn on units

–With all connections made, power up PIDUs

–Units in ‘armed’ state and will begin alignment

Align ODUs

–Can then compare actual link loss to link loss given by LINK Planner to ensure correct alignment

149

XXXXPowering Up

150

XXXXAlign ODU

The PTP Bridge uses audible tones during installation to assist the installer with alignment.

The installer should adjust the alignment of the ODU in both azimuth and elevation until highest pitch tone is achieved.

The tones and their meanings are as follows:

Power LED is OFF on PIDU

If no voltage on power wires to ODU

– Check whether mains power is connected and turn on

– Check whether power LED illuminates if ODU is disconnected at PIDU

- Is yes, then ODU is drawing too much current,

Possible causes: Power wiring to ODU short circuited or power supply insufficient:

Fault determine : Removing jumper(J906) and measuring the current. This is

normally 10mA without the ODU connected and 300mA to 1A when

the ODU is connected.

- If no, then recheck power is applied to PIDU by measuring voltage across

+55V and 0V pads inside the removable cover in PIDU; check PIDU is not short

circuit by measuring impedance across the power connector

– Finally check whether LED is faulty

151

Fault-Finding: Hardware

Power LED is flashing on PIDU

Perform the following tests on the RJ45 cable that connects

the PIDU Plus to the LPU or ODU:

- Check that pins 4&5 and 7&8 are not crossed with pins 1&2 and 3&6.- Check that the resistance between pins 1&8 is greater than 100K ohms.- If either test fails, replace or repair the RJ45 cable.

152

Fault-Finding: Hardware

153

XXXXFault-Finding: Hardware

Ethernet LED on PIDUThe Ethernet LED is driven from the ODU processor and thus is capable of informing you of many conditions.

– Power LED off and Ethernet LEDs off: no voltage to power wires at ODU

– Power LED on but Ethernet LED off, there are 4 possible conditions:

1) No power reaching ODU because of wiring fault

2) ODU is faulty

3) PIDU is faulty

4) Ethernet network side is faulty

Differentiating between 1-3 and 4 can be achieved by removing the power for

1 second and reapply. Watch the Ethernet indicator for 1 minute, if it never flashes then the problem is 1-3

154

XXXXFault-Finding: Hardware

Ethernet LED did not Flash 10 Times

When the PIDU Plus is connected to the power supply and the green Power LED illuminates ,there should be a 45 second delay, following which the yellow Ethernet LED should flash 10 times.

- Check that the wiring to pins 4&5 and 7&8 is correct. For example, the wiring to pins 4 and 7 may be crossed.

- If an LPU is installed, it can be used to checkthat power is available on the cable to the ODU.

Test Points

No activity: check configuration

– Software at each end should be same version

– Check target MAC addresses

– Range

– Tx power

– License key

– Master / slave arrangement

– Alarm conditions on home page

– Check in case link has become obscured or ODU misaligned

– Check Spectrum Management to ensure wireless channel is available to use

– If all correct, retry installation procedure: if no signal, ODU may be faulty

155

Fault-Finding: Radio

156

XXXXFault-Finding: Radio

Some activity but link is unreliable:

– Check interference has not increased using Spectrum Management measurements

– If a quieter channel is available, check that it is not barred

– Check the path loss is low enough for communication rates required

– Check the ODU has not become misaligned

Loss of connection at near end of link

– Likely to be hardware problem

– Check power and Ethernet LEDs

Loss of connection with far end of link

– Likely to be radio problem

– Check various software configuration elements

157

Fault-Finding

158

• Rugged Metal Enclosure

• Lower Price

• Easy to install Kit

– Qty2 LPU (top & base of tower)

PTP300/500 need only 1 LPU to be installed at

the base of tower

– All mounting hardware

– All ancillary cables

– RJ45 connectors on Cat5 cable

– Grounding cable gland

– Test points for easy

troubleshooting

Lightning Protection Unit (replacement of Transtector)電湧放電器電湧放電器電湧放電器電湧放電器158

159

Lightning Protection Unit Testing the Installation

159

PTP-LPU Kit The PTP-LPU Kit is supplied with a 600mm ODU to PTP-LPU cable pre-fitted with glands.

160

PTP-LPU Configuration

161

162

XXXXPTP 600 Series

Two Surge Arrestors Needed Per End

163

XXXXPTP 600 SeriesFour Surge Arrestors Needed if T1/E1 is Used 電湧放電器電湧放電器電湧放電器電湧放電器

164

XXXXPTP 300/500 Series電湧放電器電湧放電器電湧放電器電湧放電器內裝內裝內裝內裝

Diagnostic Download

If additional troubleshooting is required you may be asked to download additional diagnostic information and send to your Engineer for further analysis.

http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/field_diags.cgiDownload complete diagnostic data from each radio and forward foranalysis.

Technical Support

http://www.motorola.com/ptp/support+1-877-515-0400 (Worldwide)+44 808 234 4640 UKEmail: [email protected] Support is available 24/7.APAC Email: [email protected]

165

166

Wind Loading 抗風能力風負荷能力抗風能力風負荷能力抗風能力風負荷能力抗風能力風負荷能力Magnitude of force depends on wind strength and size of antenna

– Structure and mounting brackets of PTP 400 and PTP600 can withstand wind

speeds of up to 151mph

– Structure and mounting brackets of PTP 300 and PTP500 can withstand wind

speeds of up to 200mph

– Need to ensure structure the unit is fixed to can withstand winds

167

XXXXWind Loading (PTP400/600)

WIND LOADING (METRIC)

WINDSPEED (M/S): 30 40 50 60 70

PTP 400 & 600 SERIES INTEGRATED (SURFACE AREA

0.130 SQ M) LATERAL FORCE (KG):

12 22 34 49 66

PTP 400 & 600 SERIES CONNECTORISED (SURFACE

AREA 0.093 SQ M) LATERNAL FORCE (KG):

9 16 24 35 48

WIND LOADING (IMPERIAL)

WINDSPEED (MPH): 80 100 120 140 150


1.36 SQ FT) LATERAL FORCE (POUNDS):

37 57 82 112 129


AREA 1.00 SQ FT) LATERNAL FORCE (POUNDS):

27 42 60 82 95

168

XXXXWind Loading (PTP300/500)

WIND LOADING (METRIC)

WINDSPEED (M/S): 30 40 50 60 70


0.130 SQ M) LATERAL FORCE (KG):

12 22 34 49 66


AREA 0.093 SQ M) LATERNAL FORCE (KG):

9 16 24 35 48

WIND LOADING (IMPERIAL)

WINDSPEED (MPH): 80 100 120 160 200


1.36 SQ FT) LATERAL FORCE (POUNDS):

37 57 82 146 228


AREA 1.00 SQ FT) LATERNAL FORCE (POUNDS):

27 42 60 107 168

Pre-installation checksRecovery modeMounting and connection

Powering up and aligning unitsFault findingLightning protectionWind loading

169


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