psycosexual disorders final

8/18/2019 Psycosexual Disorders Final

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Psychosexualdisorders


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The limbic system

is directly involvedwith elements ofsexual functioning.In all mammals,

the limbic systemis involved inbehavior requiredfor self-

preservation andthe preservation ofthe species

Brain andexual

Behavior


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Adrenaline (aka Epinephrine)

Adrenaline activates the

sympathetic nervous system,

which increases your heart rateand dilates arteries to increase

blood flow to your muscles

during sex. It also causes a

refractory period in which

another orgasm is impossible

for up to 20 minutes after sex.

Phenylethylamine

Phenylethylamine triggers the

release of dopamine in the

pleasure centers of the brain.

This chemical is released duringsex and peas at orgasm.

!uriously, it is also one of the

chemicals found in chocolate.

ChemicalsThat Fuel

Sex


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Testosterone

Testosterone fuels sexual

drive and aggression. It is

essential to your libido andsexual arousal. "en #and

women$ with a testosterone

deficiency often have trouble

getting aroused and have a

lower interest in sex.

Serotonin

%erotonin regulates your

moods. &aving an orgasm

releases an extra shot ofserotonin to your brain,

which acts as an anti'

depressant.

ChemicalsThat Fuel

Sex

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Prolactin

Prolactin relieves sexual

arousal after orgasm and

taes your mind off sex. It

rises sharply immediatelyafter orgasm in almost

everyone. It(s one of the few

moments of the day when

we men aren(t preoccupied

with sex. Oxytocin

%ecreted by the pituitary

gland, oxytocin stimulates

the prostate, causes muscle

contractions and sensiti)esnerves. *esearch has shown

that increased oxytocin

produces more intense

orgasms

ChemicalsThat Fuel

Sex

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Endorphins

+ndorphins are a group ofneurotransmitters formed

within the body that bind to

opiate receptor sites in your

brain to naturally relieve

pain. The bio'chemicalsacetylcholine and dopamine

are nown as endorphins,

and have a similar chemical

structure to morphine. They

are also nown to lowerstress and boost confidence

ChemicalsThat Fuel

Sex


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!our phases arerecogni"ed in the

human sexualcycle.

Phase I#Excitement

Phase II# Plateu

Phase III#

Orgasm

Phase I$#Resolution

The SexualCycle


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"uscle tension increases.

&eart rate uicens and

breathing is accelerated.

%in may become flushed#blotches of redness appear on

the chest and bac$.

-ipples become hardened or

erect.

lood flow to the genitals

increases, resulting in swelling ofthe woman/s clitoris and labia

minora #inner lips$, and erection

of the man/s penis.

aginal lubrication begins.

The woman/s breasts become

fuller and the vaginal walls beginto swell.

The man/s testicles swell, his

scrotum tightens, and he begins

secreting a lubricating liuid.

Phase 1


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The changes begun in phase 1

are intensified.

The vagina continues to swell

from increased blood flow, and

the vaginal walls turn a dar

purple.

The woman/s clitoris becomes

highly sensitive #may even be

painful to touch$ and retracts

under the clitoral hood to avoiddirect stimulation from the penis.

The man/s testicles are

withdrawn up into the scrotum.

reathing, heart rate and blood

pressure continue to increase.

"uscle spasms may begin inthe feet, face and hands.

Tension in the muscles

increases.

Phase 2


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4uring this phase, the body

slowly returns to its normal

level of functioning, and

swelled and erect body parts

return to their previous si)e

and color. This phase is

mared by a general sense

of well'being, enhanced

intimacy and, often, fatigue.

Phase 4


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exual

%ysfunctions


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%exual dysfunctions refer to

problems that occur during

sexual activity.

1. 5ac or loss of sexual

desire

2. 4isorders in sexual arousal

that include impotence in

males and failure of genitalresponse in females.

6. 7rganism disorders

#Inhibited male of female

orgasm$.

8. %exual pain disorders inwhich pain occurs before,

during or after intercourse

recurrently or persistently in

either man or woman.

SexualDysfunctions


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It is persistent

inability to obtain an

erection sufficient for

vaginal insertion, orto maintain it until

completion of the

sexual activity

Erectiledysfunction

(impotence)


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Inhibited female orgasmor anorgasmia is

manifested by the

recurrent delay in, or

absence of, orgasm

after a normal sexualexcitement phase

udged to be adeuate

in focus, intensity, and

duration

Female

orgasmic

disorder


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The man recurrentlyachieves orgasm ande&aculates before he wishes

to do so. There Is no de'nite time

frame within which to de'nethe dysfunction

Premature(&aculation


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exual dysfunction may alsoinvolve pain duringintercourse. It involves

genital pain during foreplayor penetration. This canoccur in male or femalesbut is generally seenfemales.

%yspareunia


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It refers to )recurrent orpersistent pain the perinealmuscles surrounding theouter third of the vagina*

when penetration occurs. Itmay occur during sex butalso insertion of ob&ectssuch as tampons or aspeculum duringgynecological examinations.

+$aginismus

e a


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exuaDysfunctions

Causes an!Pre"ention

i l i l


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*is factors for sexual

dysfunctions have not been

explored at length but liely

include biological and

environmental variables.

'"edical condition or substance

use.

'"edical conditions that impair

sexual performance in meninclude prostate cancer and

subseuent treatment as well as

cardiovascular problems.

'"edical conditions that impair

sexual performance in women

include cervical and othergynecological cancers as well as

menopause.

'Alcohol use impairs male and

female sexual performance

iological

!isk factors

for Sexual

Dysfunctions

P h l i


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- nxiety or worry duringsexual performance aboutsatisfactorily pleasingoneself and ones partner.orry about performancemay lead to failure thatcreates more anxiety andavoidance of sex.

- exual experiences

becomes less en&oyable andless li/ely to produce asatisfactory sexual responsewhen a person is distractedfrom erotic thoughts bycritici"ing his behavior.

!ailures during sexualperformance can also resultfrom poor interactionsbetween partners duringsex.

Psychological ris# factors

for Sexual

Dysfunction


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0istorical psychological variables can be important as well fordetermining sexual dysfunction

1eneral /nowledge about sex over time is important as well asmany aging men require greater stimulation for an erection andmany women experience less vaginal lubrication.


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Preventing sexualdysfunctions primarilyinvolves relapse preventionafter a couple completestreatment. 2uch of thisinvolves booster sessions or

other methods to helpcouples continue to practicepsychological treatmenttechniques for sexualdysfunction and3or managecormobid physical or

psychological problems.

Prevention ofexual

%ysfunctions


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Biological treatmentof sexual

dysfunctions


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2edical treatment for sexual dysfunction has concentratedmost on drugs to alleviate male erectile disorder.

- Sil!ena$l % helps to increase blood 4ow to penis an thus toform an erection. old under the name of $iagara, 5evitra, and6ialis

Prostaglan!in E1 % which relaxes muscles in the penis toassist an erection

&m'lants % may be in4atable, semi rigid, or continually rigid to

maintain erections, but problems include aw/wardness andpossible damage to the penis.

(acuum system % surgical procedure wherby a tube isplaced around the penis, and a pump helps draw blood into thepenis.

Drugs in anti!e'ressant ) 7sed for sexual dysfunction suchas premature e&aculation and compulsive behavior.

(aginal lu*ricants an! hormone re'lacement thera'y 8painful sexual intercourse


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Sto')start)'roce!ure % The penis is stimulated by

the man or a partner untilan erection occurs and anerection occurs ande&aculation seems close.

Sensate focus % therapyconsist of initially banning

sexual contact andrebuilding a couples sexualrepertoire

+astur*ation training %practices e9ective

masturbation andstimulation so orgasm isenhanced and broughtabout more quic/ly.

Psychological

Treatments ofsexual%ysfunctions


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It is de'ned as )sexualbehavior that is!estructi"e to self or to

others: that is not directedtowards a partner: or thatexclu!es stimulation ofthe genitalia*

bnormalexuality


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)para* ; aside, being altered3modi'ed

)philia*; love

exual arousal, fantasies,sexual urges or behaviour involving

non)human o*,ects- su.ering or humiliation of oneself orone/s 'artner- chil!ren or other non consenting 'erson0

Begins in childhood3early adolescent

6hronic, increases with age and stressors

2ore common in man


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*normalities of the sexualo*,ect

*normalities of the sexual act

exual fetishism (xhibitionism

Transvertism $oyeurism

Paedophilia exual sadism


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Fetishism


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exual focus is on ob&ects =shoes, gloves, underwears>

exual activity either directed# towards the fetish itslef=2asturbation with3into a shoe> ?@ The fetish may be incorporatedinto sexual intercourse =demand the high heeled shoes be worn>


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Trans"estism


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@epeatedly wears clothes of opposite sex as means of sexualarousal

Typically begins in childhood, as grow older A permanently

dressed as a woman ingle garment A complete set of clothing

ear In private A some go to wear in public =hidden undermale outer garments> vs transsexualism A no sexual arousal


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Pae!o'hilia


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@epeated sexual activity or fantasy of such activity with prepubertalchildren

Preferred children# years old A pubertal Person is at least CD years old ?@ E years older than the victims

2olestations involve genital fondling or oral sex


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ecro'hilia


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n obsession with obtaining sexual grati'cation from cadaver

Exhi*itionis


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Exhi*itionism


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(xposure of genitalia to a stranger


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"oyeurism


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?bserving others

6ommon in man

py on couples having intercourse, spy women who areundressing or na/ed


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Sexual

sadomasochism


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Preference for sexual activity that involves bondage or in4itingpain on another person

2asochism# prefers to receive such stimulation adism# prefers to administer such stimulation such as beating,

whipping which may cause little actual in&ury or may die

2ild sadomasochism is normal


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Frotteurism


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exual pleasure in men from rubbing their genitals againstunsuspecting women, usually in crowded area


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Paraphilias# 6auses

and Prevention

C. 1enetics may insteadin4uence factors related to


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in4uence factors related tosexual deviancy such aspsychosocial de'cits andviolence =0unter, et alFGGH>

F. 2en with extra chromosome have alsobeen found to display moresexual deviancy than thegeneral population =Bri/en,et al FGGD>

H.


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Family

C. %iKcult familycircumstances alsocontribute to paraphiliadevelopment.

!amily factors with poorattachments, frequent, andaggressive sexual activitywithin family maypredispose some towardsexual o9enses

(nvironmental

@is/ !actors


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5earning (xperiences

C. 5earning experiences inwhich a person associatessexual arousal or orgasmwith an unusual ob&ect orsituation

F. @einforced by familymembers or others orlearned the behavior as away to reduce anxiety

H. 2ay become a problemsimilar to ?6% in some

cases. J. 6ourtship behaviors


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6ognitive

C. trong cognitivedistortions or irrational

beliefs F. @ationali"e their behavior

by claiming sexual actssomehow bene't a child.


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C. Interventions improvingfamily communication

F. Improve solving s/ills H. Places to avoid

J. @elapse prevention


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psycosexual disorders final

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