psychooo module1
TRANSCRIPT
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What is Psychology?
Derived from two Greek termspsyche, or soul, and logos, or
discourse
Literally a study of the soul
At first, soul has a religious implication A form of motion, an inner flame, and function of bodily
processes
What is Psychology?
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The word "psychology" is the combination of two terms.
Psyche: Mind
Logos: Knowledge or study
Definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
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Nature of Psychology
It possesses a well- organized theory which is supported by therelevant psychological laws and principles.
It has its applied aspects in the form of various branches of appliedpsychology like industrial, legal, clinical and educational psychology.
Subjective ideas and opinions are not considered significant in thestudy of behaviour in psychology. It emphasizes the search fortruth by advocating objectivity, reliability and validity in theassessment of behaviour.
The methods and techniques employed in the study of behavior inpsychology are quite scientific. Steps like the analysis of behaviour,formulation of hypotheses, objective observations or controlledexperimentation, deduction, verification and generalization of theresults etc. provide the solid base for the scientific method andapproach in psychology
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Nature of Psychology
It believes that every behaviour has its roots, and factors causing,influencing or nurturing it.
The result or the study of behaviour are always open to verificationunder similar conditions by other experimenters and observers.
These results may be accepted, modified or altered in the light ofthe latest data and findings
The established facts, principles and laws of behaviour inPsychology enjoy universal applicability in practical life, in otherbodies of knowledge and future researches in its own sphere.
An appropriate description and qualification of behaviour is
possible through psychology. We make dependable predictionsabout the organism in the light of its studied behaviour.
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Objectives of Psychology
The objectives of psychology are:
1. To understand human behavior;
2. To predict human behavior by means of
observation and experiment;
3. To influence or alter the behavior of the
individual or group in desirable ways so thatthe designed goal can be achieved.
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Branches of Psychology
General Psychology explains the underlying
principles of human behavior
study of how and why people behave this way or
that way
Structural and functional mechanisms of the humanbody
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Branches of Psychology
Comparative Psychology treats on the behavior and mental
processes of the different species
also known as animal psychology
Activities of both man and animal are compared and
differentiated, particularly in relation to genetic and
evolutionary theories
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Branches of Psychology
Developmental Psychology concerns itself with thestudy of human behavior in all its aspects of growth
and development
Also known as Genetic Psychology Involves the development of an individual in terms of
stages
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Branches of Psychology
Stages of Human Development:1. Prenatal
2. Neonatal
3. Infancy
4. Childhood5. Adolescence
6. Adulthood
7. Senescence old age
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Branches of Psychology
Child Psychology scientific study of human behavior from its
post-natal beginnings up to early adolescence Deals with the stages of growth and maturation
Effects of environmental influences upon individual patterns
of development
Psychological and social interactions between child and thesociety into which he is borne and reared
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Branches of Psychology
Adolescent Psychology study of human behavior
from puberty to later life, approx. 12-20 y/o
Involves the physical and mental maturation of an
individual, as well as the attainment of emotionaland social maturity
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Branches of Psychology
Senescent Psychology
Scientific study of human behavior in old age
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Branches of Psychology
Consumer Psychology concerned with theinvestigation of the varied facets of marketing and
buying behavior
Effects of advertising Studies of mass media
Other problems arising from the relationship
between buyer and seller
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Branches of Psychology
Abnormal Psychology scientific study of humanand the etiology or cause of personal defects, or
humans behavior which deviates from the average
reaction, hence abnormal
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Branches of Psychology
Personality Psychology scientific interpretation of
mental phenomena Emphasizes internal drives and motives as the cause
of behavior
Also referred to as Dynamic psychology
Non-deviant individual case
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Branches of Psychology
Psychiatry psychology applied in
medicine
Concerned with the treatment of mentaldiseases
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Branches of Psychology
Business Psychology study of the principles of
psychology as applied to business
Deals particularly with the behavior of consumers
Methods are employed to gain more customers and
impress prospective buyers
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Branches of Psychology
Social Psychology study of the behavior of groups
of individuals in their relationship to other groups
Cognitive Psychology concerned with the mental
processes involved in acquiring and using knowledge;artificial intelligence
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Branches of Psychology
Forensic Psychology application of the principles of humanbehavior to law, or any legal proceedings
Relatively new but fast growing
Also consulted for rehabilitation of convicted criminals
Also known as Legal Psychology
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Branches of Psychology
Community Psychology promotion of health at thecommunity level
Prevention and treatment of psychological problemsthrough evaluation and improvement of communityorganizations
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Areas of Specialization in Psychology
Clinical Psychology largest area of specialization
Treatment and diagnosis of emotional and behavioral
disorders
Practitioners are not medical doctors
Employed by probation offices, prisons, and institutions of thementally retarded and physically handicapped
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Industrial and Organizational
Psychology
Also known as:
IO psychology,
industrial
organizational psychology, industrial psychology,
work psychology,
organizational psychology,
personnel psychology
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I/O P.is the scientific study of employees, workplaces,and organizations.
Industrialorganizational psychologists contribute to an
organization's success by improving the performance
and well-being of its people.
An IO psychologist researches and identifies how
behaviours and attitudes can be improved through
hiring practices, training programs, and feedback
systems.
IO psychology can also be viewed as the equivalent of
the economics concept ofhuman capital
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What is HRM?
Human Resource Management
(HRM) is the management function
that deals with the following
aspects of an organization, withregards to company employees:
Recruitment
Placement
Promotion
Training and Development
Change Management
Employee Retention
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Personnel recruitmentPersonnel recruitment is the process of identifying
qualified candidates in the workforce and getting
them to apply for jobs within an organization.
Personnel recruitment processes include developing
job announcements, placing ads, defining key
qualifications for applicants, and screening out
unqualified applicants.
Orientation and Placement- Once screening
takes place, the appointed candidates are
made familiar to the work units and work
environment through the orientation
programmes. placement takes place by putting
right man on the right job.
Training and Development- Training isa part of incentives given to the
workers in order to develop and grow
them within the concern. Training is
generally given according to the
nature of activities and scope of
expansion in it. Along with it, theworkers are developed by providing
them extra benefits of indepth
knowledge of their functional areas.
Development also includes giving
them key and important jobsas a test
or examination in order to analysetheir performances
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Promotion and transfer- Promotion is said to
be a non- monetary incentive in which the
worker is shifted from a higher job demanding
bigger responsibilities as well as shifting theworkers and transferring them to different
work units and branches of the same
organization.
What is Employee Retention ?
Employee retention refers to the various
policies and practices which let the employees
stick to an organization for a longer period of
time
Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with change, both
from the perspective of an organization and on the individual level. Asomewhat ambiguous term, change management has at least three different
aspects, including: adapting to change, controlling change, and effecting
change. A proactive approach to dealing with change is at the core of all three
aspects. For an organization, change management means defining and
implementing procedures and/or technologies to deal with changes in the
business environment and to profit from changing opportunities.