psychology’s big question… nature versus nurture 1
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Psychology’s Big Question…
Nature versus Nurture
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Continuing Controversy…
• Relative contributions of biology and environment
• “Nurture works on what nature endows”
• Every psychological event is simultaneously a biological event.
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As a Result of this Controversy:
• Psychology has many levels of analysis.
• Integrated “biopsychosocial” approach
• Looks at biological, psychological & social-cultural factors that influence any behavior or mental process
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Let’s Put What You Are Learning to Work!
• As we learn about the various subfields of psychology, think about Ben in the case history report you read.
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Current Perspectives in Psychology
• Neuroscience: – How does the body and brain enable
emotions, memories & sensory experiences?
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Current Perspectives in Psychology
• Evolutionary: – How does the natural selection of traits
promote the survival of genes?
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Current Perspectives in Psychology
• Behavior genetics: – How much to our genes and environment
influence our individual differences?
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Current Perspectives in Psychology
• Psychodynamic: – How does behavior spring from unconscious
drives and conflicts?
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Current Perspectives in Psychology
• Behavioral: – How do we learn observable responses?
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Current Perspectives in Psychology
• Cognitive: – How do we encode, process, store and
retrieve information?
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Current Perspectives in Psychology
• Social-cultural: – How does behavior and thinking vary across
situations and cultures?
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Methodology in Psychology
• Basic Research: – Scientific work that adds to the knowledge
base without concern for practical application
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Methodology in Psychology
• Applied Research: – Scientific work that uses the knowledge from
basic research to tackle personal problems.
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Those Who “Practice” Psychology
• Counseling psychologist: – Possesses a PhD– Helps individuals cope with challenges and
crises– Help individuals improve personal and social
functioning.
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Those Who “Practice” Psychology
• Clinical psychologist: – Possesses a PhD– Assesses and treats mental, emotional, and
behavioral disorders
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Those Who “Practice” Psychology
• Psychiatrist: – Possesses an MD– Has completed a residency in psychiatry– Licensed to prescribe drugs– Treat both the emotional and physical causes
of psychological disorders
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