“Psychology

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What is Psychology? Is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society.

Specializatim areas of psychologyPsychology is remarkably diverse with a tremendous range of specialty areas. Psychologists frequently

choose to specialize in a subfield that is focused on a specific subject within psychology. Many of these specialty areas in psychology require graduate study in a particular area of interest.Clinical psychologists   Make up the single largest specialty area in psychology. Clinicians are psychologists who assess, diagnose and treat mental illnesses. They frequently work in mental health centers, private or group practices or hospitals. Within the area of clinical psychology, there are also a number of sub-specialty areas. Some professionals are generalists and work with a wide range of clients, while others specialize in treating certain types of psychological disorders or a certain age group. For example, some clinical psychologists might work in a hospital setting with individuals suffering from brain injuries or neurological conditions. Other clinical psychologists might work in a mental health center to counsel individuals or families coping with stress, mental illness, substance abuse or personal problems.Clinical psychologists usually perform a wide range of tasks on a daily basis such as interviewing patients, conducting assessments, giving diagnostic tests, performing psychotherapy and administering programs. Work settings can vary based on the specific population that a clinician is working with. Common work settings include hospitals, schools, universities, prisons, mental health clinics and private practices.There are also a number of different sub-specialty areas within clinical psychology, includinghealth psychology, neuropsychology and geropsychology.

Health psychologists   Promote good health through health maintenance counseling programs designed to help people achieve goals, such as stopping smoking or losing weight. Neuropsychologists study the relation between the brain and behavior. They often work in stroke and head injury programs. Geropsychologists deal with the special problems faced by the elderly. The emergence and growth of these specialties reflects the increasing participation of psychologists in providing direct services to special patient populations.

Counseling Psychologists

Counseling psychologists make up another large specialty area in psychology. These professionals perform many of the same tasks that clinical psychologists do, but counseling psychologists tend to work with clients suffering from less severe forms of mental illness. Counseling psychology focuses on providing therapeutic treatments to clients who experience a wide variety of symptoms. The Society of Counseling Psychology describes the field as "a psychological specialty [that] facilitates personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span with a focus on emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental and organizational concerns."

Forensic Psychologists

Forensic psychologists work in the specialty area that deals with the intersection of psychology and the law. Forensic psychologists are often involved in custody disputes, insurance claims and lawsuits. Some professionals work in family courts and offer psychotherapy services, perform child custody evaluations, investigate reports of child abuse and conduct visitation risk assessments.

Those working in the civil courts often assess competency, provide second opinions and provide psychotherapy to crime victims. Professionals working in the criminal courts conduct evaluations of mental competency, work with child witnesses and provide assessment of juvenile and adult offenders.

Human Factors Psychologists

Human factors is a specialty area of psychology that focuses on a range of different topics, including ergonomics, workplace safety, human error, product design, human capability and human-computer interaction. In fact, the terms human factors and ergonomics are often used synonymously, with human factors being commonly used in the United States and ergonomics in Europe.

Human factors works to apply principles of psychology to designing products and creating work environments that boost productivity while minimizing safety issues. The field of human factors formally began during World War II, when a range of experts worked together to improve the safety of airplanes. Since that time, human factors psychology has continued to grow and today plays an important role in many other

fields, including computing, manufacturing, product design, engineering, military and government industries.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

Industrial-organizational psychology focuses on workplace behavior and is one of the fastest growing specialty areas in psychology. The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychologists (SIOP) describes I-O psychology as a field that "tries to understand and measure human behavior to improve employees' satisfaction in their work, employers' ability to select and promote the best people, and to generally make the workplace better for the men and women who work there."

The rising demand for skilled psychologists has led to an increase in the number of university programs offering degrees in industrial-organizational psychology. I-O psychologists perform a variety of functions, including hiring qualified employees, conducting tests, designing products, creating training courses and performing research on different aspects of the workplace.

School Psychologists

School psychologists are part of a specialty area that involves working within the educational system to help children with emotional, social and academic issues. The goal of school psychology is to collaborate with parents, teachers, and students to promote a healthy learning environment that focuses on the needs of children. School psychologists work with individual

students and groups of students to deal with behavioral problems, academic difficulties, disabilities and other issues. They also work with teachers and parents to develop techniques to deal with home and classroom behavior. Other tasks include training students, parents and teachers about how to manage crisis situations and substance abuse problems.

Social Psychologists

Social psychologists are focused on understanding how interactions with other people impact individual and group behavior. These professionals often work in areas such as market research, organizational management, systems design and other applied areas. Prominent areas of study include group behavior, leadership, attitudes and perception.

What does Psychology do in Guatemala?

Psychological Studies in Guatemala initiated at the Faculty of Humanities in Universidad de San Carlos in 1946. Its function is to train professionals in psychology and in Physical Activity Sciences capable of act human, scientific and technically effectively and positively, to address mental health and physical development of the Guatemalan population.  Foster the development of research science in the area of psychological science and physical activity, in order to achieve a better knowledge of the national situation to contribute to solving the problems of population Guatemala, in the aspects of competence profession

What is Psychobiology?Study of the effects of cognition, emotions, and experience on animal physiology, The term derives from the Greek words psyche meaning mind’ and logos meaning ‘reason’. Thus, ‘psychology’ literally means the reasoning of the mind.Behavioral neuroscience, or psychobiology is the application of the principles of biology (in particular neurobiology), to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in human and non-human (animals). It typically investigates at the level of nerves, neurotransmitters, brain circuitry and the basic biological processes that underlie normal and abnormal behavior. Most typically, experiments in behavioral neuroscience involve non-human animal models (such as rats and mice, and non-human primates) which have implications for better understanding of human pathology and therefore contribute to evidence-based practice.

The Psychobiology considered: • The body as an integral unit

• The processes and biological systems involved in the behavior • Incorporates the biological perspective in the study of psychological processes • Active and adaptive relationship of organisms with the environment Some of the aforementioned prospects Psychobiology are: • Description of behavior • Study of the evolutionary behavior • Monitoring the development of behavior and biological along life characteristics • Study of the biological mechanisms of behavior • Study psychobiological applications, for example to dysfunctions of human behavior.

CNS How does work in our body?The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. It is opposed to the peripheral nervous system (or PNS), which is composed of nerves leading to and from the CNS, often through junctions known as ganglia.The central nervous system is so named because it integrates information it receives from, and

coordinates and influences the activity of, all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric animals—that is, all multicellular animals exceptsponges and radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish, and it contains the majority of the nervous system. Arguably many consider theretina and the optic nerve cranial nerve), as well as the olfactory nerves and olfactory epithelium as parts of the CNS, synapsing directly on brain tissue without intermediate ganglia. Following this classification theolfactory epithelium is the only central nervous tissue in direct contact with the environment, which opens up for therapeutic treatments. The CNS is contained within the dorsal cavity, with the brain in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord in the spinal cavity. In vertebrates, the brain is protected by the skull, while the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae, both enclosed in themeninges.

Cells

From Latin cella, meaning "small room" is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life. Cells consist of a protoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.

Neurons

Also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons can connect to each other to form neural networks. Neurons are the core components of the nervous system, which includes the brain, and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS)

BrainThe brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals—only a few invertebrates

such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain, even if diffuse neural tissue is present. It is located in the head, usually close to the primary sensory organs for such senses as vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a typical human the cerebral cortex (the largest part) is estimated to contain 15–33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons.

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