psycho dynamic therapies
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PsychodynamicTherapies
Presented By:
Sidra Basharat
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Psychoanalysis
Founded by Sigmund Freud.
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Basic assumptions ofpsychoanalysis Life instincts and Death instincts
Psychic determinism
Topography of psyche
Structure of mind
Psychosexual Stages of Personality
Anxiety and Defense Mechanisms
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Life instincts and Deathinstincts assumes that energy is used in psychological
work .
two main drives
Eros
Thanatos
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Psychic determinism
Everything that happens has a specific,
identifiable cause
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Topography of psyche
three levels of consciousness
conscious (small)
preconscious (small-medium)
unconscious (enormous)
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Structure of mind
three parts of mind with separate motivations
Id
Ego
Super Ego
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Psychosexual Stages ofPersonality Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage
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Oral Stage
Birth to 18 months
focused on oral pleasures
Too much or too little gratification cause
fixation or Oral Personality.
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Oral personality
stronger tendency to smoke, drink alcohol,
over eat, etc.
may become overly dependent
may develop pessimism and aggression
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Anal Stage
18 months to three years
focus of pleasure is on eliminating and
retaining feces.
learn to control anal stimulation
Lineate or strict toilet training may cause
fixation or anal personality.
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Anal Personality
an obsession with cleanliness, perfection
(anal retentive).
may become messy and disorganized (anal
expulsive).
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Phallic Stage
ages three to six
pleasure zone switches to the genitals
boy develop unconscious sexual desires for
their mother.
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Oedipus Complex and ElectraComplex develop a fear that their father will punish
them for these feelings (Oedipus Complex)
boys eventually decide to identify with him
rather than fight him and develops masculinecharacteristics.
Girls develop Electra Complex..
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Fixation
sexual deviancies (both overindulging and
avoidance) and weak or confused sexual
identity.
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Latency Stage
age six to puberty
sexual urges remain repressed
interact and play mostly with same sex peers
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Genital Stage
puberty onwards.
sexual urges are once again awakened
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Anxiety
3 types
Realistic anxiety: rooted in reality
Neurotic Anxiety : unconscious fear that the
impulses from the Id will take control.
Moral Anxiety: fear of violating moral codes
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Mind responds to anxiety intwo ways: problem solving efforts started
defense mechanisms triggered
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Defense Mechanisms
Ego develops tactics to help deal with the Id
and the Super Ego.
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Types of Defense Mechanisms
Repression
Denial
Projection
Rationalization
Intellectualization
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Types of Defense Mechanisms
Displacement
Reaction Formation
Sublimation
Regression
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Psychodynamic Therapies
five basic techniques
Free association
Dream Analysis
Analysis of Resistance
Analysis of transference
Hypnosis
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Free association
individual say whatever comes into his or her
mind
technique allows for some catharsis
psychoanalyst interpret material, leads the
client toward better insights .
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Dream Analysis
repressed unconscious material arises within
the context of dreams
Therapist uncover the disguised meanings in
the dream
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Analysis of transference
Therapist provide the client with the insight
into the meaning of his or her reactions to
others by unconscious redirecting clients
feelings from one person to another(therapist).
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Hypnosis
a dynamic and vital healing process focuses
on finding the origin of a persons issues.
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psychodynamics is not useful in psychotic
disorders because of indirect therapy
techniques.
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Limitations
lack of scientific evidence
overemphasis on the sex drive,
pessimism about human nature,
exagerating the role of unconsciousprocesses,
failing to consider motives toward personal
growth.
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Questions..?
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