Ch. 1:1. What are the five goals of psychology?

The five goals of Psychology are: Describe, explain, predict, control, and improve.

2. Mention five subfields of psychology and what their specializations are.

School Psychology

Evolutionary

Cognitive

Humanistic

Clinical

3. Who are the following people?

William James: An American psychologist and philosopher. He was the first person to give a psychology course in the United States.

B. Watson: John Broadus Watson was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.

B.F. Skinner: An American psychologist and social philosopher.

Sigmund Freud: He was one of the most famous of the early psychologists. He was the father of psychoanalysis.

4. What is the Gestalt school?

5. List and describe the seven perspectives of psychology.

Biological: Nervous system, glands, hormones, and genetic factors

Evolutionary: Physical traits and social behavior

Cognitive: Interpretation of mental images, thinking, language

Humanistic: Self-concept

Psychoanalytic: Unconscious processes, early child-hood experiences

Learning: Learning, environmental influences, and observational learning

Sociocultural: Ethnicity, gender, and culture

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Ch. 3: 1. Explain the structure and function of each part of the brain.

Hindbrain: The Hindbrain is located at the rear of the skull and is the lowest portion of the brain. Hindbrain parts include the medulla, the cerebellum and the pons.

Midbrain: The Midbrain serves to relay information between the hindbrain and the forebrain, particularly information coming from the eyes and the ears. 

Forebrain: The Forebrain is considered as the highest region of the brain because it essentially differentiates humans from each other.

2. What is the difference between the right and left hemispheres?

The brain's right hemisphere controls the muscles on the left side of the body, while the left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of the human body. If you wink with your right eye, that's the left side of your brain doing the work.

3. How do we know so much about the brain?

Much of our earlier understanding of the brain came from studies of people with head injuries.

4. What is heredity?

The passing on of characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

5. Explain the nature-nurture debate.

Nature: It refers to what people inherit.

Nurture: It refers to environmental factors and what a person is exposed to in life.

6. What are kinship studies? What are they for?

Kinship studies are used to determine

Chapter 5:

1. What is?:

Sensory awareness: Doing something that requires the use of your five senses.

Inner awareness: Being aware of things inside yourself.

 Sense of self: Being aware of ourselves and our existence.

2. What are the levels of consciousness?

The preconscious level, the unconscious level, and the nonconscious level.

3. What are the five stages of sleep?

1, 2, 3, 4 and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. These stages progress cyclically from 1 through REM then begin again with stage 1. A complete sleep cycle takes an average of 90 to 110 minutes.

4. Why do we dream? What are the different sleep problems?

We dream to reflect unconscious wishes and urges.

The different sleep problems are: nightmares, night terrors, insomnia, sleep apnea, sleep walking, and narcolepsy.

5. What is mediation?

6. What is hypnosis? What is suggestibility? What is posthypnotic suggestion? What are the different explanations of being under hypnosis?

7. What are the different types of drugs and their effects on the brain? Give examples for each.