psy 3 fromm ppt

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Fromm Chapter 7

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Page 1: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Fromm

Chapter 7

Page 2: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Outline

• Biography of Fromm

• Fromm’s Basic Assumption

• Human Needs

• The Burden of Freedom

• Character Orientations

• Personality Disorders

Cont’d

Page 3: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Outline

• Psychotherapy

• Fromm’s Methods of Investigation

• Related Research

• Critique of Fromm

• Concept of Humanity

Page 4: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Biography of Fromm

• Born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1900

• Only child of orthodox Jewish parents

• Humanistic philosophy grew out of early reading of biblical prophets and an association with several Talmudic scholars

• Influenced by writings of Freud and Marx

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Biography (cont’d)

• After receiving his Ph.D., Fromm began studying psychoanalysis and was eventually analyzed by Hanns Sachs, a student of Freud

• In 1934, Fromm moved to the U.S. and began a psychoanalytic practice in New York

• His books gained him a worldwide reputation beyond psychology and psychoanalysis

• Died in Switzerland in 1980

Page 6: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Fromm’s Basic Assumption

• Personality can only be understood in the light of history

• Humans have been torn away from their prehistoric union with nature

• “Human Dilemma” – humans have acquired the ability to reason about their isolated conditions

Page 7: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Human Needs• Relatedness

– Drive for union with another person(s)• Three basic ways:

1. Submission2. Power3. Love

• Transcendence– Urge to rise above a passive and

accidental existence and into “the realm of purposefulness and freedom”

Page 8: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Human Needs (cont’d)

• Rootedness– Need to establish roots or to feel at home

again in the world

• Sense of Identity– Capacity for humans to be aware of

themselves as a separate entity

Page 9: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Human Needs (cont’d)• Frame of Orientation

– Being split off from nature, humans need a road map to make their way through the world

• Summary of Human Needs– These needs have evolved from humans’

existence as a separate species– Aimed at moving them toward a reunification

with the natural world– Lack of satisfaction of any of these needs is

unbearable and may result in insanity

Page 10: Psy 3  fromm ppt

The Burden of Freedom• Mechanisms of Escape

– Authoritarianism– Destructiveness– Conformity

• Positive Freedom– Spontaneous activity of the whole personality– Achieved when a person becomes reunified

with others and with the world

Page 11: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Character Orientations• Nonproductive Orientations

– Receptive – Exploitative– Hoarding– Marketing

• The Productive Orientation– Psychologically healthy people work toward

positive freedom

Page 12: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Personality Disorders

• Necrophilia– Love of death and hatred of all humanity

• Malignant Narcissism– Belief that everything one owns is of great value while

anything belonging to others is worthless

• Incestuous Symbiosis– Extreme dependence on one’s mother to the extent that

one’s personality is blended with that of the host person

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Psychotherapy• The therapist tries to help the patient

through shared communication in which the therapist is simply a human being

• Goal of Fromm’s psychotherapy:

– Work toward satisfaction of the basic human needs of relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation

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Methods of Investigation• Social Character in a Mexican Village

– Study of social character in a isolated farming village in Mexico

– Found evidence of all the character orientations except the marketing one

• A Psychohistorical Study of Hitler– Applied the techniques of psychohistory to study

Hitler, the conspicuous example of someone with the syndrome of decay

– Fromm traces and describes Hitler’s necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis

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Related Research• Fromm did not express his ideas for the

purpose of generating research, and his theory is among the least productive of empirical study

• Saunders & Munro (2000)– Saunders Consumer Orientation Index (SCOI) – College students and other adults in Austrailia

who score high on the SCOI tend to be more angry, depressed, and anxious

Page 16: Psy 3  fromm ppt

Critique of Fromm

• Fromm’s Theory is:– High on Organizing Knowledge

– Low on Guiding Action, Internal Consistency, and Parsimony

– Very Low on Generating Research and Falsifiability

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Concept of Humanity

• Average on Free Choice, Optimism, Unconscious Influences, and Uniqueness

• Low on Causality

• High on Social Influences