psroc, february 2, 2005 sun yat-san university ching-cheng hsu national taiwan university on behalf...
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![Page 1: PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University Ching-Cheng Hsu National Taiwan University On behalf of NuTel Group Outline : Overview of NuTel Experiment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081800/5697bfa31a28abf838c9665f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Neutrino Telescope Status Neutrino Telescope Status
Ching-Cheng Hsu National Taiwan University
On behalf of NuTel Group
OutlineOutline : :
Overview of NuTel Experiment & Electronics Schematics
Preliminary measurements of Electronics
Conclusion and Prospect
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NuTel Experiment Overview NuTel Experiment Overview
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Using Earth / mountain as target
Signals : Cherenkov light from showers
Only sensitive to :
e : electron shower mostly absorbed in mountain
no extensive air shower generation
appearance
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NuTel Optics Design NuTel Optics Design
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Mirror R : 2.1 m
Mirror Diameter: 1.2 m
Corrector Lens : aspheric formula
Lens Diameter : 0.9 m
0.07 m
2 mDesigned with OSLO optical design software.
The spot size smaller than our pixel size :0.5 degree!
correct spherical aberration
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Electronics SchematicsElectronics Schematics
DAQPMT Preamp.
UV filter
TriggerTotal 1024 channels
Start readout10 bit x40 MHzPipelinedADC
16 RAM x 256 x 16 per 8 channelsMirror
Trigger FPGA
FADCbufferRAM
ADC controlFPGA (x4)
cycleRAM
Charge-Sharing Board
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
16 CSB
16x 64 ch.
16 MAPMT
16x64 Pixels
32 DCM,
32x32 ch.
Using two telescopes for stereo observation
Preamp
64 x 16
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Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
15 Slave DCM
Master DCM
Daisy-Chain of Trigger Request
Trigger Decision, System Clock & Reset
Single Board
Computer
DAQ operation rate can be up to 500 Hz with
negligible dead time.
DAQ DAQ
One chassis processes information from 512 channels
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Linearity Linearity
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Sum up all the charges
ADC saturated
0.002mV
The total charges we calculate from ADC counts is proportional to the DAC input voltage.
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PMT Gain Measurement PMT Gain Measurement
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Al Box Size 185 cm (length) x 23cm x26cm (height)
MAPMT
Preamp High voltage cable
150 cm
The walls inside the box are covered by black blanket.
Connected to DCM
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Pedestal Measurement Pedestal Measurement
LED pulse 1KHz, pulse width 75 ns
LED with voltage from 1.92 V to 2.2 V. PMT operational voltage from 650 V to 750 V. Totally 33 combinations.
PMT Pixel ID
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
rms : smaller than 0.5 ADC count
Average all operation conditions
0123456789
10111213141516
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Channel number
Pedest
al in
AD
C c
ounts
Pedestals
Sigma(r.m.s)
Pedestals for each pixel are steady
Here are few channels with negative or around 0 pedestals. Maximal r.m.s noise is 0.77 ADC count. Typical noise is between 0.6 and 0.7 ADC counts.
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Relative Charge Between PixelsRelative Charge Between Pixels
12
891
57
Hammamatsu H7546
With PMT Voltage 700 V, LED : 2.2 V
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57
PMT Pixel ID
Rel
ativ
e G
ain
Hama800V James800V James700VPMT + Preamp +DCM :
Maybe due to non-uniform light or/and effective area of the channels.
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
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Statistics method Statistics method The total components of noise σ:
σ2 = {σno_sig2 } + G*M + {σwith_sig
2} * M2 # of photons coming to PMT, has a Poisson distribution, somean value (M) and RMS (σ0) charge distribution of the PMT
are G = M/N = σ02/ M
Ch.0, HV=650V
y = 0.0005x2 + 2.8447x + 4.7034
R2 = 0.9996
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Y= σ2Ch.0 HV=750V
y = -0.0001x2 + 13.96x + 0.2631
R2 = 0.9999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
X=M
Ch.0 HV=700V
y = 0.0006x2 + 6.4092x + 15.593
R2 = 0.9996
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
X=M
Y= σ2 Y= σ2
X=M
G = 2.84 G = 6.41 G = 13.96
Ch.0, HV=650V
y = 2.9744x + 0.8286
R2 = 0.9994
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Y= σ2Ch.0 HV=700V
y = 6.7454x - 8.2159
R2 = 0.9994
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Ch.0 HV=750V
y = 13.881x + 7.4397
R2 = 0.9999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Y= σ2 Y= σ2
X=M X=M X=M
G = 2.97 G = 6.75 G = 13.88
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30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Hamamatsu Data
Our Measurement
Gain vs Channel numbers ( Gain vs Channel numbers ( G = σ2/M )
The pixels on the two sides have large light collection.
0
2
4
6
01
23
45
67
0,005,0010,0015,0020,0025,0030,0035,0040,0045,0050,0055,0060,0065,0070,0075,0080,0085,0090,00
HV 800 V
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Relative charge between pixels
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Conclusion & ProspectConclusion & Prospect
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Conclusion:Conclusion: We have developed an electronic system for NuTel experiment.
We developed some methods for calibrating and measuring our hardware system.
We are studying the performance of each component.
Prospect :Prospect : We are planning to go to the high mountains for real testing at the end of this year.
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Main Part of DCM Main Part of DCM
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
to another DCM from preamplifier from preamplifier
to DMM calibrationcalibration
cPCI connector
ControlFPGA
ControlFPGA
TriggerFPGA
TriggerFPGA
ADCFPGAADC
FPGAADC
FPGAADC
FPGA
ch. 0ch. 0
ch. 1ch. 1
ch. 2ch. 2
ch. 3ch. 3ch. 4ch. 4ch. 5ch. 5ch. 6ch. 6
ch. 7ch. 7ch. 24ch. 24
ch. 25ch. 25ch. 26ch. 26ch. 27ch. 27ch. 28ch. 28
ch. 31ch. 31
ch. 30ch. 30
ch. 29ch. 29
PLXPCI 9054
PLXPCI 9054
MUX
MUX
MUX
MUX
40 MHzoscillator40 MHz
oscillator
DACDAC
switch
CPLDCPLD
FlashRAMFlashRAM
TTL
LVDS
TTL
LVDS
5V 3.0V5V 3.0V
3.3V 1.8V3.3V 1.8V
+5V
–5VDC–DC
+5V
–5VDC–DC
JTAGJTAG Power controlPower control
FETFET
MUX
MUX
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DCM ADC Calibration Measurement DCM ADC Calibration Measurement
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Inject pulse from DAC into ADC
On average one ADC channel 2mV
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LED Light Source LED Light Source
PSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
Light source are homogenous within 1 to 2 degree.
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16
Calculation N of photoelectrons during every Calculation N of photoelectrons during every system clocksystem clock
Cherenkov photons pulse
Preamplifier output
ADC code
Simple difference
ΔA ~Q
Delay due pipeline ADC
System clock (40 MHz)
Delay due calculations
Reconstructedphotons pulse
AN
AN+1
15/16AN
ΔA
Simple difference (AN+1 - AN) will be noisy in hard BG conditions, (ΔA = AN+1 – 15/16 AN) is much more stable
~exp(-t/387ns)exp(-25/387) = 15/16
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Data flux in NuTel system Data flux in NuTel system interrupt
interrupt
Trigger decision
Trigger decision
II
MAPMTMAPMT Preamp.Preamp.
II
MAPMTMAPMT Preamp.Preamp.
1632=512 pixels(816) FOV
1632=512 pixels(816) FOV
Daisy-chain of Trigger request
Daisy-chain of Trigger request
System card,LINUX 15 Slave DCM
Master-B DCM
Master-A DCM
interconnectionsfor TIMING COINCIDENCE,System CLOCK,System RESET
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Statistics method Statistics method
# of photons coming to PMT, has a Poisson distribution, somean value (M) and RMS (σ0) of the pedestal-subtracted charge
distribution of the PMT are G = M/N = σ02/ M
But the total components of σ:σ2 = {σ1
2 + σ22} + G*M + {σ3
2 + σ42} * M2
noise of electronics without signal (σ1)
noise of PMT gain: signal from photoelectron has the Poisson distribution with 3 (σ2)
•noise of electronics proportional to the signal (σ3*M)
noise due jitter between signal and system clock (σ4*M)
If constant and quadratic components of the noise is smaller than the linear components, G = σ2/M
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Using 2 identical telescopes for the Using 2 identical telescopes for the background rejectionbackground rejection
Random Background with NSB flux
Geometrical Trigger:
1 km away from a 1 PeV e- shower
Central pixel passed high-level threshold(HL) & at least N neighboring pixels passed low-level threshold (LL)
Hardware Trigger:• There are geometrical Triggers in any place (direction) at the same time one system clock (25 ns) in both telescopes
On-line Software Trigger:• There are geometrical Triggers in the same place (direction) at the same time in both telescopes
Off-line Hardware Trigger:• More detail data processing, calculation/ searching a possible source on the sky
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Data processing in hardware/firmwareData processing in hardware/firmwareMAPMT
Signalsharing
preamplifier
ADC
Calculation Nphotoelectrons
Programmablethresholds
32-channelsTrigger logic
Cycle RAMlike digitaldelay line
32-channelsTrigger logic
Trigger daisy chain
TriggerDecision
logic from the second detector
Buffer RAMlike eventstorage
counterTri
gger
Interrupt to the System card
if 16 events are ready
cPC
I b
us
GeometricalTrigger
Timingcoincidence
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Preamp Linearity Preamp Linearity
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
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Preamp Linearity Preamp Linearity
Feasibility Study of Calibration the NuTel Prototype Detector with Crab NebulaPSROC, February 2, 2005 Sun Yat-San University
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Ch.0, HV=650V
y = 0.0005x2 + 2.8447x + 4.7034
R2 = 0.9996
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Y= σ2Ch.0 HV=750V
y = -0.0001x2 + 13.96x + 0.2631
R2 = 0.9999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
X=M
Ch.0 HV=700V
y = 0.0006x2 + 6.4092x + 15.593
R2 = 0.9996
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
X=M
Y= σ2 Y= σ2
X=M
G = 2.84 G = 6.41 G = 13.96
Ch.0, HV=650V
y = 2.9744x + 0.8286
R2 = 0.9994
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Y= σ2Ch.0 HV=700V
y = 6.7454x - 8.2159
R2 = 0.9994
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Ch.0 HV=750V
y = 13.881x + 7.4397
R2 = 0.9999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Y= σ2 Y= σ2
X=M X=M X=M
G = 2.97 G = 6.75 G = 13.88